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    THE GENERAL PAGE

    $he ~VA:ON $1~: @EMER&&. . a losing venture published bi-monthly, prettyclose to the first day of January, March, May, Jul y,September and Novembe r.

    The General is edited and published by TheAvalon Hill Con~pany lmost solely for the cul-tural edification of adult gaming. (I t also helps tosell Avalon Hill products, tool)

    Articles from subscribers are considered forpublication on a gratis contributory basis. Sucharticles must be typewritten and not e xceeh 700words. Examples and diagrams that accompanysuch articles must be drawn in black ink, readyfor reproduction. N o notice can be given regar-ding acceptance of articles for publication.

    All back issues, except V ol. 1, Nos. 1& 4, whichare out of stock, are available at S1OO per issue.Full-year subscriptions Q $4.98.0 966 The Avalon Hill Company, Baltimore,

    Maryland. printed in U.S.A.

    Cover Story.. ."I WasBlown

    to Bits. . 9 9. b y t h e J a p a n es e r i g h t h e r e o n

    Guadalcanal , " j o shes Co lone l Dicksonto Avalon Hil l personne l : A. Er ic Dott ,V ice Pres i den t ; T om Shaw. Marke t ingDi rec to r and Ed Adams , Pub l i c i ty Di -rec tor . Colonel Dickson points to thespo t where h i s ou t f i t was o f t en p inneddown by cons tan t bar r age of Ja paneseoff-shore shel l ing. "This shel l ingnever rea l ly h u r t anyone , re l a t ive lyspeaking o f course , bu t i t su re d idn ' the lp ou r mo ra l e any", s t a t ed the Co lone lwho suppl ied the Avalon Hil l des ig ns ta f f w i th much h i s to r i ca l da ta du r ingthe game's des ig n s tages .

    Co lonel Dickson p roved qu i t e anauthori ty on the subject . He landed onopening day, h imse l f , and r a i se d thef i r s t A m e r i c a n F l a g o n t h e I sl an d .Af te r as s imi la t ion o f h i s pe rson a l ob -serva t ions AvalonHi l l cam e to the con-c lus ion tha t t he Japanese shou ld havewon.

    "Darn r ig ht they should have won, ' Icommen ted Colonel Dickson. "But theJ a p an e s e w e r e a s i l l p r e p a r e d f o r ju n gl ec o m b a t a s w e w e r e ; w e s i m p l y a d j us t edto condi t ions a lo t bet ter" , he furt hers ta t ed . " T h o se l i t tl e J a p s o l d i e r s w e r ere al tough to f ind in the jungle but weove rcam e th i s def i c iency by no tpan ick -ing , and mo re impo r tan t , by t ak ing ad -van tage o f the fac t t ha t the Ja ps s implycou ldn ' t o rgan ize . They wer e fo re verchang ing the i r mind s in mid - s t ream . Imigh t add tha t you fe l lows a tAvalonHi l lc e r t a i n ly w e r e n ' t i n m i d - s t r e a m w h eni t came to p roduc ing such a sp lend idgame in Guadalcanal . You have re -cap tu red a l l the impor tan t e l emen t s ,even the psycho log ica l aspe c t s of the

    re a l campaign . You a re to be congra t -ulated", add ed the Colonel.

    In a l l fa i rne ss , we fee l t ha t i t i sColonel Dickson who is to be congratu -l a t ed . H i s persona l i l l u s t ra t ions , pho-tos , ac t ion ske tches and p ic to r i a l h i s to -ry of th i s I s l and campaign a re rep ro -duced fo r the f i r s t t ime in Lea therneck 'sI l lu s t ra t ed , a pamphle t t ha t i s i nc ludedin the game i tsel f .

    Co lonel Dickson 's a r t i s t i c ab i l i t y i sre f l ec t ed in the o i l pa in ting tha tp rov idesthe background you s ee in our pict ureo n t he f r o n t c o ve r . I t i s a f i r s t c l a s sj o b . . . a s is t he magaz ine tha t heed i t s and pub l ishes fo r the Mar ine Cor ps .

    The Tr ue P ic tu re In Viet NamLeatherneck Magaz ine , w i th 100 ,000

    p lus c i rcu la tion , i s a mon th ly magaz ineof ove r 90 pages . I t p rov ides the on lyrea l ly t ru th fu l com ment s o f the Vie tnams i tu a t io n s i nc e t he a r t i c l e s a r e w r i t t e nb y M a r i n e C o r p s s o l d i e r s t h e m s el v e swho have seen ac t ion th ere f i r s t -hand .Natu ra l ly the magaz ine i s wr i t ten fo rM a r i n e C o r p s p e r s o n n e l h o w e v e r w efee l tha t i t wou ld be o f con s iderab lein te r es t t o the typ ica l war game nu t( l ike you) who i s i n t e r e s t e d o n l y i nge t ting to the hea r t and c o re of rea l i sm .Guadalcana l i s an o f f i c i a l Lea therne ckb o o k st o r e i t e m a n d c a n a l s o b e o r d e r e dd i rec t ly f rom Lea therneck Magaz ine -probab ly a t a lower co s t t han whenord ere d d i rec t ly f r om Avalon Hi ll . Wesuggest that you wri t e to Colonel DonaldL . Dickson , c / o Lea therneck Magazine ,P.O. Box 1918, Washing ton. D. C.20013 , fo r subscr ip t ion and ind iv idua lcopy costs .

    Fast Hidden Movementfor Guadalcanal

    by Ro be rt Diel i and Kenneth HoffmanOne of the gre ate s t s tum bling blocks

    in GUADALCANAL1s excel lent HiddenMovement r u l e i s i t s ab i l i t y to t ake upa g r e a t e x c e s s of t i m e . H e r e a r e th er e q u i r e m e n t s a n d p r o c e d u r e f o r a f a s t e rh idden movement game:

    1 ) 2 com plete GUADALCANAL se ts2) two 44 X 1 4 b o a r d s ( s u c h a s A Ko r DISPATCHER) o r ano ther su i t ab les c r e e n

    3 ) 2 O ~ p o n e n t sw ho t r u s t e a c h o t h e r( e x t r e m e ly r a r e )

    P r o c e d u r eThe 2 b o a r d s a r e s e t u p o p p os i te

    each o th er , each p layer wi th a comple teOB fo r bo th Am er ica n and Jap t roops .With people of ave ra ge height, thesc re en wil l exclude any view of theo t h e r p l a y e r ' s b o a r d . T h e J a p p l a y er

    s e t s u p wi th h i s a n d A m e r i c a n u n i ts t h e y a p p e a r . M o v em e n t P r o c e d u r e :

    1 ) A m e r i c a n b r i n g s h i s t r o o p s board , dec la r ing exac t un i t s and ca l liou t movem ent , square -by- square . Jd u p l i c a t e s t h i s o n h i s b o a r d a s g r i d co r d i n a t e s a r e c a l l ed o u t .

    2 ) A l l b a t t l es a r e r e s o l v e d . I teas i es t t o ju s t l e t t he guy ro l l and hahim tel l you the res ul t , but if you dont r us t h im, ro l l t he d ie on the f loo r bo th can see .

    3) J ap player m ove without tel l inAm er i can loca t ions of any un i t s excet h o s e i n op e n ( a s s u m i n g A m e r i c a n h aHF). The Jap mu st tel l locat ion -n i t s a s t h e y a r r i v e ; f r o m wh a t sq u athey o r ig ina l ly move .

    4 ) A l l b a t t l e s a r e r e s o l v ed .5 ) Check t h e box, compu te pointr e p e a tT h i s m a k e s i t p o s s i b le f o r t h e J a

    to t e l l a t a g l ance a t h i s board if aAme r ican un i t ha s bumped in to h imThe sy s t em a l so p rov ides fo r a con tinuous gam e without a constant up-anddown ac t ion on the Ame r ican 's parAs a sugges t ion fo r even m ore of thl imite d in tel l igence: don 't have thA m e r i c a n t e l l wh a t u n it s a r e m o vi nonly fo r ins tance, "2 uni ts moving fros q u a r e a t o s q u a r e b . " This p rov idefo r the mos t p rac t i ca l , 2 -p layer l imi t ein te l l igence g ame ye t dev i sed .

    Co mm ent s to: Kenneth Hoffman, 26Ca rr ol l St ., New Bedford , Mass . 0274

    Results of AH SurveyHe re ar e the f in al tabulat ions of th

    su rvey so l i c i t ed in the May i s suT h e s e r e s u l t s w i l l l a r g e l y d e t e r m i nwhat futu re t i t les Avalon Hil l wi l l design and publish.Ti t le Per cen tag e of Vote-Guns of AugustJut landBat t le of Bri t ainK o r e aVie tnamG u e r i l l a W a r f a r eBaske tba l l S t ra t egyS h a k e s p e a r e

    Games Surveyby Donald Greenwood

    Due to a l ack o f such a r t i c l es in thGene ra l p rev ious ly I have been p rompteto subm it the fol lowing. Below is a l iof Avalon Hil l 's 22 gam es in the o rd eof thei r perc enta ge of ownership . Tcome up wi th th i s r esu l t I took my pers o n a l r e c o r d s of m y P B M a s s o c i a t eand o ther sou rce s and came up wiexact ly 100 garners . The percentagfol lowing the nam e of the gam e is th

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    THE GENERAnumber o f such gam es found in ev ery co m p l ex i ty , an d e s p ec i a l l y t h e m u l t i - c eedi n g o n e zo n e p e r t u r n . F l e e t s m a

    s p l i t u p, j oi n , e t c . , s o l on g a s a p r o p erec ord i s kep t of the zone loca t ion oeach sh ip . Sh ips a r e b rough t back whed es i r ed t o an y s q u a r e o n t h e ed ge

    1 00 w a r g a m er s , a cco r d i n g t o m y s u r - p layer gaming g roups whose ta len teda d m i r a l e a r e s ul ki ng w h il e t h e g e n e r a l sa nd a i r m a r s h a l l s a r e c o rn e ri n g a l l t h eg l o r y i n B l i t z k ri e g , h e r e i s a s u g g e s-t ion fo r op t ional ru l es tha t p rov ide tha t

    vey. A l though th i s i s no t comple te lyaccu r a t e i t s h o ul d g i ve a f a i r l y accu r a t ep ic tu re o f which ga mes the t rue gamefanat i cs keep de ar to the i r beds ide . Onem u s t r e m e m b e r t h a t t h i s s u r v e y w a st ak en a m o ng P B M w a r g a m e r s s o t h a tt he n on P B M an d r ecen t l y r e l e a s e d ti t l e s

    the bo ard in the zone which they w erm i s s i n g d i m en s i on , t h e w a r a t s ea . I t in on the p reced ing tu rn . F o r e x a m pl

    a sh ip cou ld lea ve the board f ro m zonA and p roceed to zone B in one tu rnThe nex t tu rn i t cou ld r e tu rn td thb o a r d o n an y s q u a r e i n zo ne B , o r r emain off the boa rd and move to e i thezo ne A o r C o r r em a i n off t h e b o a r d

    i s n ec e s s a r y t o ad d a f ew ex t r a co un t -e r s , I s u g g es t ad apt i ng co u n t e r s f r o mMidway and Bis ma rck , bu t you can jus ta s e a s i l y m ak e y o u r o wn . T h e o nl yn ec es s a r y ad d it i on t o t h e b o a r d i s m ag i -

    cdme up wi th a poor showing . Bu t a l li n a l l t he f o ll ow i ng i s ap r e t t y c l e a r p i c -t u r e o f w h a t t he P B M g am er n eed s .

    n a r y - - s i m p l y a s s u m e t h a t t h e Z o n esSta l ingradAf r ika KorpsD-DayT a c t i c s I1

    (A through E ) t h a t ex i s t o n t h e p r e s en t Zone B: When a sh ip r e t u rn s to thb o a r d i t c an p r o ceed i n t h a t t u r n a t thr eg u l a r 2 0 s q u a r e r a t e . T h e on ly r es t r i c t i o n i s t h a t am p h ib i o u s i n v as io nt h at t u r n a r e r e s t r i c t e d t o t h e z o ne which the sh ip s r e tu rned .

    b o a r d ex t en d i n d ef i ni t el y o u t f r o m i t sed g es .

    I sugge s t tha t a f lee t cbns i s t of th efo llowing vesse l s , and tha t both s id esh av e i d en t i c a l f l e e t s : 2 a i r c r a f t c a r -r i e r s w h i ch h av e n o co m b a t f ac t o r o t h e rt h an t h e a i r c r a f t w hi ch t h ey ca r r y , t h e

    Get ty sburgWater looBatt le of the BulgeB i s m a r c kMidwayB l i t zk r i egU-BoatChancel lo r sv i l l eF o o t b a ll S t r a t eg yB a s e b a l l S t r a t e g yGuadalcanalL e M a n sC i v i l W ar

    C o m b a tm a x i m u m c o m pl e m en t f o r o n e c a r r i e rshould be a total of 4 fa ct or s of TACan d / o r F T R , n o MD M o r S AC . T h es ea r e a s s i g ne d f r o m t he r e g u l a r a i r -power a l lo tm ent . They can , of cou r se ,s t i l l f l y r e g u l a r g r o u n d s u p p o r t m i s -s i o n s , a cco r d i n g t o t h e u s u a l r u l e s ,f r o m t h e i r c a r r i e r b a s e s . T h e o n lyr u l e m o d i f ic a t io n r e q u i r ed i s t h a t w h en

    Any n umbe r of naval un i t s may bs tacked on one squ are . Sea ba t t l e s ot h e b o a r d a r e f ou g ht i n t h e s am e w aa s lan d b a t t l e s , u s i n g th e T o u r n am eA t t r i t i o n T ab l e . T h e d e f en d e r i n anengagement i s , however , a l lowed a t tem pt to esc ape wi thou t figh t ing. Tacco m p l i s h t h i s h e r o l l s t h e d i e , i f hr o l l s 1 o r 2 t h e e s c a p e i s s u c c e s s fand he moves o ff the board in the manned es c r i b ed ab o v e .

    D i s p a t ch e rVerd ic t I1Nieuche s s$quanderWord Power

    f l yi n g m i s s i o n s ag a i n s t n av a l t a r g e t s ,an d n av a l t a r g e t s o n ly ( i .e . o t h e r s h i p s ) ,-h e T A C i s a l l o w ed t o s t r i k e a l o ne w i t h-ou t be ing in supp or t of o th er un i t s .

    T h r e e b a t t l es h i p s p e r s i de i s a f a i ra l l o w an ce. T h es e h av e a n o r m a l co m -bat f ac to r of two and a sec ondary zone( l i k e a r t i l l e r y i n C h an ce l l o r s v i l l e ) i nwhich they have a f ac to r of one. Th er es ho u ld a l s o b e t e n o r s o c r u i s e r s w it ha combat f a c to r of one and no secon daryzone . Th is comple tes the l i s t of sh ipt y p es and t h e i r c ap ab i l i t i e s, ex cep t f o r

    Sea ba t t l es may , a l so be fough t w iun i t s off the board . In th i s cas e ta t t a ck e r a l s o m o v es h i s u n i ts off tb o a r d . T o s e a r c h he ca l l s o u t t h e zo nin which he ha s sh ips . If the defenda l s o h a s v e s s e l s i n t h at a r e a h e r e p l

    Not ice tha t desp i te i t s l ac k of p laybalance Sta l ingrad is a t the top of theh eap . C o m m en t s sh o w t h a t d e s p i t e t h eab o ve p e r cen t ag es . F o o t b a l l , B as eb a l l ,D-Day and Midway p re se n t the m os t ex -c i t in g , ev en g am es . A ny co m m en t sshould be ad dre sse d to Donald Gr een -wood. 128 W arr en St . , S a y r e , P a .

    by showing the p rop er por t ion o f hs h i p l o ca t io n r ec o r d s . T h e d e fen dm a y t h e n a t t e m p t t o e s c a pe i f he wisheb u t t h i s t i m e t h e o dd s f o r e s cap e abet te r . 1 , 2 , 3 , o r 4 s p e l ls s u c c e ss i n ce ch an ces f o r e s cap e w o ul d n a tu r a lbe be t te r on the h igh se as than . in coas t

    t r o o p t r an s p o r t s , w h ich do n o t ex i s t a ss e p a r a t e c o u n t e rs b ut a r e r e p r e s e n t e dAH COMMENT: Tha nks a lot, Don.

    Y o ur s u r v ey i s a ccu r a t e en o ug h ex cep tfo r S ta l ingrad and Bl i tzk r ieg . Whi leprov ing to be the popu lar sub jec t of" G en e r a l" a r t i c l e s , S t a l i n g r ad ' s s a l e s

    b y r eg u l a r t r o o p co u n t e r s w h ich a r ep l aced o n s ea s q u a r e s i n a cco r d an cewi th the r egu la r 40- f ac to r l im i ta t ion ons ea m o v em en t .

    w a t e r s .S p ec i a l P r o v i s i o n s F o r T r o o p C o nv o y

    off the coun ter have ne ver cause d ou r Movement T r o o p co n vo y s m ay n o t r em a i n se a in a zone in which the enemy hn av a l co m b a t f ac t o r s , i n c lu d in g c a r r ia i r c r a f t , t o t a l in g m o r e t h an h al f tf r iend ly naval combat f ac to r s in th

    s a l e s m a n a g e r to d o ca r t w h ee l s an dhan dsp r ing s of joy. W e g u es s t h a t i t i spopu lar on ly by the hard - cor e , g amenut who se es qu i te a chal lenge in tak ingthe Ger ma n s ide . On the o t her s ide ,B l i t zk ri eg h a s b een t he m o s t w e l l -r ece i v ed g am e y e t i n t r o d u ced. . . t e v e n

    T h e r e a r e tw o w ay s t o m o v e . O nei s i n t he r e g u l a r m a n n e r , f r o m s q u a r et o s q u a r e , i n w h ich ca s e t h e m o vem en tf ac t o r f o r a l l t y p es of v e s s e l s i s 20 zone. I f , f o r exam ple , Blue has a bas q u a r e s p e r t u r n . T h i s , of co u r s e , t l e s h ip a n d t h r e e c r u i s e r s ( 5 f a c t owith a t roo p convoy in Zone C an d R

    m o v e s t h r e e c r u i s e r s ( 3 f a c t o r s ) i ntha t zone , even though Red doe s not at ack , B l u e m u s t e i t h e r : 1 ) R em o v e tt r o o p s :o a n ot he r z on e, o r l an d t he m2) b r ing a un it of a t l ea s t one navf ac t o r i n to t h e zo ne o r 3 ) a t t a ck R ed

    m u s t s u p e r s ed e t h e r eg u l a r r u l e ab o utou tse l l s Guadalcanal which i s qu i te un- s ea m o vem en t f r o m zo ne to zo n e. T h es eco n d w ay i s t o m o v e a t t h e r eg u l a rr a t e u n t i l th e m o v e ca r r i e s y o u r p i ece soff the edge of the bo ard . The n youhave th r ee op t ions: you can r em ain inthe zone f ro m which you le f t the board ,o r y ou m a y m o v e t o e i t h e r ad j acen t

    u s u al i n a s m u c h a s t he n e w e s t t i tl ea l w ay s s e l l s t h e b e s t d u r i n g i t s i n t r o -duct ion year . Of the gam es tha t haveb een o n th e m ar k e t 2 y e a r s o r m o r e,those tha t have he ld the bes t sus ta in ingi n t e r e s t a r e D -D ay , T ac t i c s I1 an dFootbal l S t r a tegy . f l e e t an d r ed u ce t h em t o ha lf o r l e s s B l u e ' s t o t a l . If i t i s i m p o s s i b l e t o f u

    f i l l the se cond i t ions , o r i f Blue a t tacan d f a i l s t o red u ce R ed ' s f o r ce , thB l u e ' s l an d u n i t s a t s ea l o s e o n e co mb a t f a c t o r f o r ev e r y n av a l co m b a t fac tRed ha s in the Zone .

    zo n e. R em em b e r t h e i m ag i n a r y ex t en -Navies for Blitzkrieg s ions of the zones ! R ecord the zoneyou ar e in on a s l ip of pape r so tha t youcan p rove i t to your opponen t l a te r . I ns u b s eq uen t t u r n s y ou m ay p r o ceed t oe i t h e r ad j acen t zo n e, m o v em en t p r o -

    by John E. DotsonF o r t h o s e a m o ng u s w ho t h r i v e o n

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    THE GENER( the Ci ty Cap tu re Tab le mus t be used) ,the ma jo r power mov ing l ose s two com-b a t f a c t o r s . A s a n e x a m p l e , s a y B l ueha s cap tu red a l l the c i t i es , and Red onh i s t u r n e n t e r s t h e co u n t ry . R e d l o s e stwo fac to r s on tha t t u rn , bu t Blue los esno th ing s ince he a l r eady had cap tu reda l l t he c i t i es . A l l fac to r s lo s t mus t ofcou rse come f rom un i t s in the coun t ry .

    I feel the addi t ion of al l ian ce andneu t ra l i ty adds much to the g ame, andmak es fo r a g rea t dea l of var i e ty inpossible s i tuat ions .

    The In i ti a l P lace men t Tab le be lowput s the bu lk of the n eu t ra l a r mi es inthe impor tan t c i t i es , bu t a l a rge p ro -por t ion of the f o rc es a r e a l s o in pos it ionon the f ron t i e r s and by impor tan t road-w a ys t o s c r e e n t h e i n t e r i o r .

    Under the origin al ru l es , BULGE Meuse, wh ich was success fu l ly b reachon 20 PM. In desp erat io n, the Amecans com mi t t ed the i r 22 AM re in fo rcmen t s deep on the sou th ern fl ank of Germ an sa l i en t , bu t became hopelesinvolved with the Volksgrenadiers a

    was h eavi ly weighted in favo r of theG e r m a n s ; s o m e t y p e o f r e v i s i o n w a sobv ious ly necessary , and AH, fo r once ,exhibi ted e xcel l ent judgment in thechanges they made . Whereas BULGEu s e d t o b e m e r e l y a n e x e r c i s e of p u r e P a n z e r g r e n a d i e r s l e f t b eh in d a s f la

    guards . The bat t le ended, a decis iGerm an v ic to ry , on 23 PM.

    T oo m a n y G e r m a n p l a y e r s s e e m uable to mas te r the subt le chal lenge b reak th rough t ac t i cs ; t hey becogreedy , and d ive r t t he heavy panzer un

    f o r c e b y t h e G e r m a n s , i t i s n o w a g a m erequ i r ing t ac t i ca l f inesse , good s t ra t e gyand a good deal of boldness.

    I t i s n ow a x i o m at i c f o r t h e G e r m a n sin BULGE tha t "INITIATIVE EQUALSFORWARD IMPETUS. I t A s l on g a s t heax i s o f advance i s fo rward and ou tward ,the Am eri can s wi l l be unable to f ind

    into t ime-consumin g b at t les of annihit ion wi th i so la t ed Amer ican un i ts . T iis of the es sence to the Ge rman s , abeing sur e of a quick "ki ll" does jus t i fy the ta ct ical ly imp rop er use of v i t a l ly impor tan t panzer t roops - - fo r p a n z e r u n i ts a r e fast, a s w e l l a s h e ava n d t h e r e i n l i e s t h e i r g r e a t e s t t h r

    t ime to make a f i rm s t and and s top theG e r m a n a d va n ce . It i s i m p e r a t i v e f o rthe Ger man s to keep the ba t tl e f lu id ,and never give the Ame ric ans bn oppo r-tunity to s t i ffen in to a sol id l ine of re -s is tance.

    The essen ce of the Bl i tzkrie g Tact icis: "NOFLANKS! LE T THE PANZERSRUN!" The Ger ma ns mu s t f low end-l e s s l y f o r w a r d , a r i v e r of a r m o r ,sweeping weak res i s t anc e b efo re themand bypass ing s t rongpo ints . If heavyAme r ican fo rce s can be " fixed" byp a n z e r f o r c e s en g ag i ng a t 3 - 1 o r 4 - 1

    Neu t ra l Coun t ry In i t i al P lacemen t Tab leto the Amer icans . If the pan zer for ca r e u s e d p r o p e r l y , t h e A m e r i c a n s n e vge t to d raw the Germans in to thocrowded , t e r r ib ly a t t r i t i ve ba t t l es a n d a r o u n d m a s s e s o f f o r t s a n d f o r ticat io ns that so often have proved tdownfal l of the Ge rma n offensive.

    Yellow:M-14 112-3; U-11 11 2-3; V-20 313-3;X-27 112-3 ; CC-15 114 -6, 212-3; EE-25413-6 , TAC, MDM, FTR ; P-1 0 112-3 ;T-17 112-3; U-23 112-3White:VV-25 312-2 , TAC; WW-32 313-5,112-6; UU-37 312-2; BBB-28 112-2;AAA-32 112-2; XX-34 112-2; RR-3 6112-2; UU-38 112-2

    P l e a s e a d a r e s s a l l c o m m e nt s lq u etions to: Sco tt C. B ersch ig, CMR B1878, A PO San Fra nc isco 96328.

    in one tu rn , t hey c an be byp assed andleft fo r infantry fol lowing the p anze rar mi es to dea l w i th a t 2-1, 1 -1 , o reven 1 -2 in success ive tu rns . As long a sthe panzer f o rc es con t inue to move fo r -ward , ga in ing g round , su r round ing and

    Bulge: View from BerlinBrown:HH-31 213-6; NN-33 213-3, F TR, TAC;0 0 - 3 0 113-3; NN 36 113-3; OQ-35113-3; JJ-28 113-3

    by Brian Libbyf ix ing enemy t roops , and sha t t e r ingdefensive posi t ions , always heading out-w a r d s , t he A m e r i c a n s c a n a f f o r d n ola rg e- sca le o pera t ions aga ins t t heG e r m a n r e a r a r e a s . U n l e ss t he s p e a r -head can be blunted, the haft cannot be

    Genera l S t ra t egyThe ba s i c Germa n s t ra t egy in Bu l

    i s to advance to the Meuse River acaptu re St . Vi th , Bastogne, and Sp

    Green :EE-3 4 313-4 , TAC; BB-31 412-4 , FTR,MDM; CC- 39 113-4; AA-42 113-4; X-22112-4 ; -BB- 29 115-6 , 213-6 ; CC-28112-4; EE-30 113-4; HH-35 113-6

    at tacked safely . U s in g t h e l a t e s t r u l e s ( a l l r u l e s e x c eUs ing these t ac t i cs , i t i s no t unusua l

    for Bastogne to fal l by the seven th o re igh th tu rn , w i th no fu r ther res i s t ancefeasible. In a typical game, p layed a tWar lo rds , Inc . HQ her e in Japan ,Bastogne fel l o n 19 AM, under the

    one-way t ra f f i c , de le t ed because i t j ufou l s th ings up , and the weathe r vaab le (gen era l s can ' t rea l ly con tweather ) , t h i s can be ver y d i ff icuabsorb ing th i s a r t i c l e may wel l enabthe Germ an to has t en h i s advance .

    The cu r ren t p rac t i ce of a ma ss ipush between Wiltz and Hou ffalize w

    Black:JJ-46 112-3; JJ-3 8 213-4, MDM, 1F T R ; 0 0 - 4 0 , 1 1 5 - 6 , 1 1 4 -6 , 1 1 3 -6 , T AC ,1 FTR VV-42 313-5; FF -4 2 113-4;LL-46 116-3-4 fol lowing condi t ions: twelve Am eri canreg i men t s des t royed , e igh t cu t of f by

    m a s s e s of G e r m a n i n f a n tr y a d o z ensqu are s behind the f ron t l i nes , s evenreg i men t s engaged and f ixed by a rm oron the ou tsk ir ts of Bastog ne and alongthe Outhre R iver-- leaving in al l onlyf i ft e e n A m e r i c a n r e g i m e n t s i n t he e n t i r e

    a l l a r m o r i s no t n e c e s s a r i l y t he b epol icy. Using the second SS Pan zCorps (2SS & 12SS divs . ) t o a t t ack dwes t of Vie l sa lm and /o r no r th to TroP o n t s w i ll a t l e a s t f o r c e t h e A m e r i c at o p ut r e i n f o r c e m e n t s i n to t h e s e a r e aand may c rac k the who le f i r s t l i ne

    P l e a s e s en d a l l c o m m e n t s a n d / o rrecr imina t ions to S teve L i s t , 4 C ranfo rdRoad, Plainview, New York 11803.

    Back to the Bulge A r d e n n e s s e c t o r f r e e f o r a c ti o n. G e r -by Scot t G. Bersc hig man casu a l t i es to t a ll ed th re e Vo lks-g renad ier reg imen t s , one parachu tereg imen t , and one heavy panzer re g i -men t . In success ive tu rns , t he Amer i -can un i t s t rapped behind Germ an l inessuccumbed g radua l ly to the cease les s

    the Ami s funne l a l l t he re in fo rcemensou th to meet the main th rus t , whi-hould indeed be made toward Houffalw it h a l l t h e o t h e r a r m o r e x c e p t t h e rs e r v e s ( s e e T a c t i c s , b e lo w . )

    Spa should not be assaul ted di recti tw i l l fa l l "by defau lt " when theAm er

    Despi te the advent of BLITZKRIEG,Bat t le of the Bulge is s t i l l q ueen of theAH ba tt l e games . In many wargamingc i r c l e s t h e se d a y s , t h e r e is s t rongskep t i c i sm tha t t he Germ ans have anychance a t v i c to ry with a l l o f the re -vised andopt iona l ru le s in effect . How-ever , much o f th i s skep t i c i sm i s ex -pre sse d by individuals who have beenunable to mak e the t rans i t ion in Ger ma ns t ra t egy and t ac t i cs nece ss i t a t e d bythe ru l es rev i s ions .

    2 -1 a t t acks by Ger ma n in fan t ry andfinal ly dwindled away. Leaving th reedivis ions of Volksg rena dier s behind inthe south , and detai l ing al l reinfo rce-m e n t s f r o m 20 AM o n a s r e s e r v e s top ro tec t h i s l i nes o f communica tion , t heG e r m a n c o m m a n d e r r e g r o u p e d h i s

    cans pul l back to th e woods west Rochefo r t , Marche , and Werbomoa s they mus t when La Roche , m ain ojec t a f t e r Houffal i ze, fa l l s .

    Bas togne can usual ly be taken bycombinat ion frontal and south-we s t froHouffal ize assaul t .o r c e s a n d s m a s h e d o n w a r d s t o th e

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    THE GENERALS e da n , M e z i e r e s , a n d / o r M o n t h e r m e

    shou ld be t aken to de lay Ame r ican re -in fo rcemen t s coming a round th roughDinant. However, a m ain effort in thesou th -wes t is no t adv i sab le because i ti s eas i ly cu t o ff .

    T a c t i c sT h e G e r m a n F e l d h e r r s h ou l d r e -

    m e m b e r t h at a r m o r i s n o t m a d e f o rb a t t e r in g a t f o r t r e s s e s ( e x c ep t w h e r ei t i s un a v oi d ab l e a n d a t t h e R o c h e f o r t ,Marche , and Werbomont bo t t l enecks. )W he n h e c o m e s t o a f o r t i f ie d c r o s s -r o a d o r c i ty , t h e m o d e r n F u h r e r s h ou l dno t be he ld up fo r many moons ; heshould at tac k the place at 2- 1 odds wi thin fan t ry wh il e send ing the a r m o r a roun dand in to the Amis . I n t h e v a s t m a j o r i t yof c ase s , t he fo r t re s s wi ll fa l l i n twoo r t h r e e t u r n s w it h n o l o s s t o t h e h e r -r e n v ol k , a n d t h e a r m o r c a n a l m o s t a l -ways manage to f ind a supp ly rou tes e v e n s q u a r e s a w a y.

    F r e q u e n t l y , t h e m o d e r n M a r s h a lModel pu t s a l l h i s t ro ops in to ba t t l e ;t h i s is i n c o r r e c t . A f t e r 2 0 A . M . , t h eG e r m a n p l a y er h a s e n o ug h a r m o r t op ut o ne o r t w o d i v i s i o n s i n r e s e r v e i n ,fo r in s t ance , Houffa li ze o r Ho tton -c l o s e e n ou gh t o b e s h i f t e d t o a n a r e ar e q u i r i n g a l i t t le e x t r a p r e s s u r e , b u tf a r e no ug h b eh i nd t h e l i n e s s o a s n otto be engaged in bat t le . When a t theMeuse bo t tl enecks , he can us e somea r m o r t o b a t t e r h i s w ay t h r o u g h t h efo r t i f ica t ions and fo r t re s se s , and saveo t h e r a r m o r t o e xp lo it t h e a r e a s w h e r ea hole is f i r s t made . When a hole i sm a d e , r e m e m b e r t o c o m p l et e ly s u r r o u n db y p a s s e d f o r t r e s s e s - o t h e r w i s e a nAme r ican un i t can pop ou t and cu t asupply l ine.

    In the south , t he r es u r re c t ed Rund-s t ed t shou ld bu i ld fo r t i f i ca t ions (no tf o r t r e s s e s ) j u s t n o r t h of D i e k i r ch a n dMar te l ange (defend ing the c i t i es p ro perl e a d s t o e n c i r c l e m e n t ) , a n d p r o t e c t a l limpor tan t road s l ead ing in to h i s l i nes .In the north , Spa can be abandoned ifnece ssary , bu t defend the l ine E l sen -born -Aywai l l e-Our the . Exac t conductof both f lank bat t l es , if they mat eri al iz e,depends o n the weight and d i rec t ion ofA m i t h r u s t s .

    F i r s t T u r n sThe German shou ld , I t h ink , ge t a

    6 - 1 aga ins t NN-25 , a 5 - 1 aga ins t 00 -2 7 ,a 1 1 aga ins t TT -3 1 ( to cu t o ff t h e 4 thdiv . ), and a 1 - 1 aga ins t RR-9 ; thesea r e k e y a tt a c k s - t h e o t h e r s a r e up t othe individual .

    Clervaux shou ld be sm ashed - t h i si s , p e r h a p s , t h e o n ly t i m e w h en a r m o rshould be delayed - but do i t wi th in-fan try if poss ible.

    I don ' t adv i se a t tack ing th e a rmo re dc a v a l r y i n t h e f o r t r e s s .

    T imetab leBelow is a t ime tab le wh ich i s a com-

    posi te of the re co rd s of 17 Bulge ga mes .I t c a n s e r v e a s a ro u g h c h a r t o n G e r m a np r o g r e s s . If t h e F e l d h e r r i s v e r y f a rbehind i t , he ' l l no doubt lose:St . Vi th- l6 PM or 17AMHouffal ize- 18PMLa Roche- 19PMBastogne- 19AM

    ConclusionThe Ge rman a t t ack i s d i f f i cu l t ; the

    o d d s a r e a g a in s t a G e r m a n v i c to r y . Ifhe wins 5070 of h is gam es, the Ger ma ni s g oo d. T h i s a r t i c l e h a s t r i e d to v ie wand se t fo r th the mos t advan tageousNazi a t t ack p lans . Any commen ts o rcons t ruc t ive c r i t i c i sm would be ve rygrea t ly apprec ia t ed . Br i an L ibby , 16William St. , Port land , Maine 041 03.

    Guadalcanal-Combat Powerby Steve Torkelson

    F i r s t I would like to say that Guad-a l c a n a l i s a n e x c e l l e n t g a m e f o r e n j o y -m e n t a nd i t i s v e r y a c c u r a t e h i s to r i c a l l y .The unique Casual ty Table provides theu l t imate in t ac t i cs and s t ra t egy . How-eve r the Casua l ty Tab le b r ings abou ta pro blem in Guadalcanal . The rul esins inua te th a t a un i t, any s t reng th o rs ize, fu l ly occup ies 113 of a sq uare( t h r e e u n i ts p e r s q u a r e ) . T h i s r u le ,I fee l , i s i naccura te because o f thefol lowing reas on s; (1) Many of the uni tsa r e o r i gi n a ll y d if f e re n t i n s i z e s a c c o r d -ing to ma npower a nd weapons and (2)the Casua l ty Tab le may reduce the un i t sto one fac to r and s t i l l t hey wi l l bet r e a t e d a s o n e u n it .

    A New RuleA f t er s o m e r e s e a r c h o n t h e s u b j e c t

    of Guadalcanal. I have com e up wi th aw o r k ab l e r u l e f o r t he m a x i m u m s t r e n g t hpotent ial al lowed in a s ingle sq uare .

    1. Bo th p lay ers a re a l lowed tocombine uni ts of any kind in a s tacktotal ing up to 180 parts .

    a . One fac tor of the Marin e infan-t ry con ta ins 12 par t s .

    b . One fa cto r of n orm al infantry(U . S. & Jap ) con ta ins 15 par t s .

    c . One fac to r o f a l l a r t i l l e ry andspec ia l ized un i ts (eng ineers ,p ioneers , e t c . ) contains 20par t s .

    You wi l l no t i ce th a t a mor e power-fu l s t ack o f ma r in es can be m ade thanarmy . In rea l i ty , t he s t reng th d i f fe r -ence is because of the supe r io r i t y o fthe mar ines . A l so the two Jap a r t i l l e rysec t ions no longer use 113 of a s quar e.Different than before, on e fac tor of au n it i s n o l o n g e r a s i m p o r t a n t a s t h e

    whole un i t i n evacua t ion and se a t ransfe r . In these ca se s one un i t can bd e s ig n a t ed a s 6 0 p a r t s ( 11 3 s q u a r eSteve Torkelson , 619 Leo Driv e, SanRosa, Calif. 95401.

    Message from the AH1KTHE AVALON HI LL Intercont inent

    Kr iegsp ie l Soc ie ty fo r th r igh t ly s t a ttha t i t i s un ique! Th i s s t a t emen t i s nmade , becau se we a r e a P lay -by-Mag r o u p , f o r t h e r e a r e s e v e r a l of t h ea l rea dy ex i s t ing , and some of them avery good . I s i t because , as par t ou r in t e rna l compet i t ion , we ra t e thab i l i ty of ou r me mb er s? Once aga ino .

    I t i s because we a r e a g roup of adu lbanded together wi th a belief that , the Preamble to the AHIKS Const i tu t ios t a t es , "adu l t s shar e a community i n t e r e s t s . . . . . I Nor i s t h i s o u r onc la im to un iqueness . Ban i shed api les of col lected s tock ma rke t cl ippinggone a r e ques t ion s o f th e i r au thent i ci tfo rgo t t en is the wai t for " that certada te" to reso lve a ba t t l e , s to re d awais the die-throwin g cup. The IndividuCombat Resolut ion Key (ICRK) - pioneered and developed by AHIKS -r e s p o n s i b le f o r t h i s . O u r m e m b e r s a ri s sue d a reg i s t e red ICRK fo r each anev ery se t of gam es they play. And, nto be fo rgo t t en i s ano ther a r ea of d if feence: To the be st of our knowledgou rs i s t he on ly Avalon Hi ll cen te recorr espo nde nce gro up to go out of iw ay t o a t t r a c t p l a y e r s f r o m f o r ei glands .

    T h e s e , t h e n , a r e t h e r e a s o n s w hy wbel ieve that we a r e unique. We makn o c l a i m s t o g r e a t n e s s , t o ha v in g m a s s eof memb ers , no r to a l l - inc lus ivenesWe mak e no secr e t of i t : We ar e res t r i c ti v e . O u r m e m b e r s h i p is composed o f , and res t r i c t ed to , t hose wha r e adu l t s , t hose who have a s t eady joo r p ro fes s ion , t ho se who a r e l as t ingser io us abou t the i r hobby .AHIKS IN THE FAR EAST

    S/SG T CHRIS R. WAGNER, Bo6008 , APO San Fran c i sco , has beeappo in ted a s AHIKS Represen ta t ive fothe F a r Eas t . SISGT. Wagner , a ve ren thus ias t i c and wel l i n fo rmed AvaloHil l war g am er , w i l l t r y to rec ru i t newm e m b e r s i n J ap an .GUADALCANAL DEFENSE FIRE

    AHIKS HAS DEVISED a proc edu rtha t m ake s i t possib le to use the defensf i r e r u l in g i n a m a i l g a m e , w it ho ut h a ving to re tu r n the opponen t 's bat t l e shetwice . Ar t i l l e ry un i t s mus t be f i red ia p r e - d e t e r m i n e d s e q u en c e , s t a r t inwi th the one on the lowes t g r id squara n d r e s u l t s a r e t a ke n f r o m t h e s e l e c te

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    PAGE 7 THE GENERcolumn of the de fen der 's Individual Com-bat R esolut ion Key.

    F u r t h e r m o r e , M r . J . K. Norr i s ,AHIKS Repre sentat iv e in Great Bri tain ,has found a way to apply hidden Japanesemovement in cor respondence ga mes .This method depends on an honor syst em ,however, and may be used upon m utualconsent in official AHIKS games.MEMBERSHIP APPLICATIONS

    Adult Avalon Hil l wa rg am er s , thatwould like to join the Avalon Hill Inter-cont inental Kriegs piel Society, a r e in-vi ted to send for an appl icat ion blankand a copy of the AHIKS Cons titution t oAHIKS, P.O. Box 809, Fr ee ho ld, N. J.

    Principles of Warby Myron Brundage

    KEY CONCEPTS FOR MASSAND MOVEMENT

    The two Princ iole s of W ar. Ma ss-nd Movement f i t wel l togeth er in a dis-cuss ion s ince we normal ly ach ieve m as sth rough movement . Mass in war meanscombat power which i s the sum total ofnumb ers , f i repow er , f igh t ing ab i l ity ,e t c . Success resu l t s f ro m th rowingenough mas s a t the p rop er p lace a t ther igh t t ime to accompl i sh a defin i te ob-ject ive . In AH gam es , m as s re la tes tothe t otal value of the comba t power wear e ab le to p lace a t any g iven po in t.

    The P rinc iple of Movement mean sthe movement of your p ieces a s advan-tageously a s poss ib le . We use the t e rmmovement ra th er than maneuver fo rth i s p r inc ip le because movement i smo re a l l- i n c lu s i v e , w h e rea s man eu v e rsee ms to connotate on ly t ac t i ca l move-ment involving combat . This la ter de fi -ni t ion is only a par t of the total conceptof this prin ciple, al though many thinkthe mo st imp ortant . You should al socons ider tha t th i s p r inc ip le a l so inc ludesno movement in o rd er to remain in thebes t p lace .

    The mos t impor tan t bas ic concep ttha t mus t beaoo l i ed to bes t us e of Mas s-nd Movement i s the T ime-Dis tanceFac to r . Defined : the T ime-Dis tanceFac to r i s the number of tu rn s i t wi l ltake you to move a uni t to any des iredpoint on the board. In pract i ce, thisinvo lves l and , sea and a i r movement ,and al l of your uni ts of al l types , o rA I I - ~ r m s . No m a t t e r how s c a t te r e dyour un i t s become, you mus t be ab let o m as s a d ec i s iv e fo r ce a t t h e p ro p e rp lace and t ime. A g lance a t the game-board may show your fo rc es re la t ive ly-ca t t e re d and vu lnerab le . A c lose rlook should rev eal however, that mo stof what looks weak i s actual ly withinimm ediate s t r iking ran ge of decis i vef o r c e s. T h o se a r e a s t ha t r e a ll y a r e

    vulner able in your disposi t ion shouldbe unimportant; beyond your opponent 'srange to s t r ike , o r a t l eas t beyond h i simm ediate capabi l i ty to do anythingdeci s ive abou t it ; o r , a s an invi t at ionfor h im to defea t you in detai l .

    You have to know the va riou s move -ment ru le s of the game and rea l i ze theimpo rtance of anything that ma kes f oror reduce s rap id movement on theg a m e bo a rd . A s f a r a s th e t e r r a i n i t -self is concerned, l ine s of communica-t ions; c i t i es tha t a r e communicat ionsc e n t e r s s u ch a s p o r t s , c r o s s r o a d s o ra i r d r o m e s ; a n d t e r r a i n b a r r i e r s s u c ha s f o r e s t s , r i v e r s , s w a m ps , l a k e s a ndrou g h t e r r a i n , a r e i mp o r t an t t oo l s.With respec t to fo rc es ava i l ab le , youmu st make b est use of combinat ions ofmo v emen t f ac t o r s , s u ch a s a i r an d s eamovement poss ib i l i t i es . In those gam eswhere i t i s a fac to r , even the weatherbecom es a cons idera t ion fo r movemento r m a s s .

    T o a r r i v e a t t h e T i me-D is t an ceFac to r , you cons ider the number oftu rn s ( t i me) i t should t ake you to moveany un i t o r s t ack to anyp lace on theboard (d i s t an ce) tha t you might be in -t e re s ted in . Here i s how you can ca l -culate i t :Distance todes i red po in tin numbe r of T i me-D i st an ce Fac -s q u a r e s to r o r number ofA;erage Move- turns ge t de -ment Rate to = si re d point . (Ans-desire d point, we r rounded off to(including nor - next highest ful lma l , r e s t r i c t ed )and bonus )EXAMPLE: Let ' s say tha tbef ore mov-ing a s tac k you want to make s ur e thatyou place i t wi thin imm ediate range ofa cer t a in c r i t i ca l a r ea . You check theproposed locat ion and find i t i s 10s q u a re s f r o m t h at a r ea . Y ou h ave 4sq ua re s of woods and 6 s q u a r e s o r n o r -ma l mo vemen t r a t e t e r r i t o ry t o c ro s s .How quickly could you get the stack tot h e c r i t i c a l a r e a f ro m t h e p ro p o sedl o ca t io n ? F i r s t g e t t h e av e rag e mov e -ment ra t e fo r the 10 squares . You have6 s q u a re s n o rma l t i me 4 ( t h e n o rma lra te in this ca se) , that gives you 24.Then you have 4 squ are s woods t ime s2 ( the res t r i c t ed r a te ) , that g ives you8. Add these for 32, divided by 10 (thenumber of squa res ) and the averagemo v emen t r a t e i s 3. 2. Now into th emain fo rmula :10 - 3 . 1 rounded off to 4 tur ns , Tim e-- -3 . 2 D i st ance Fac t o r .4 tu rns i s a long t ime so the p roposedlocat ion probably wouldn 't be a goodone.

    Thi s i s an invo lved p rocedure bu taf t e r a l i t t l e p rac t i c e us ing i t you wi ll

    develop what profes sional sold iers cathe "cal ibr ated eyebal l" where you calook at the gam eboar d and do the whothing rapidly in your head with acce pable accu rac y. But you have to develthe th ink ing p roc esse s p roper ly befoyou can t rust your "cal ibr ated eyebal l

    In e f fec t , the T ime-Dis tance Factoprope rly ut i l ized means that you operaf ro m p laces where you can maximizyour own movement fac tors to sui t thsi tuat ion and deny this to the enemy. f requen t by-product of th i s i s su r pr i seven against the most competent of opponents. Napoleon 's form ula for victow as a r emark ab l y s i mp l e m as t e ry othis fac tor. The abi l i ty to move rapidlun i t e h i s fo r ces and s t r ike qu ick ly wahis motto. Beca use he did not do tha t Water loo , he los t .

    Since your opponent has only to studthe game board to de term ine your d iposi t ions a nd c apabi l i t ies , you muplay the Time -Dista nce Fac tor with aeye toward confusing him. As you casee , a gr ea t deal of de tai l thinking nec ess ary . You mus t plan ahead, sa l l the poss ib i l i t i es and have your objec tiv es thought out. If you r opponei s t h e ag g re s s o r , i t s o me t i mes hap pentha t he wi ll come whe re you a r e seakeven over the mo re d i ff i cu l t t e r ra iThe more he commi t s h imsel f to thcou rse of act ion the mor e you gaTime-Dis tance super io r i ty un ti l hbre ak s out . You may be able to captal ize on this and im mobil ize him st im o r e .

    In connection with th is c oncep t, whave heard the t e rm s " in ter io r l ines c o m m ~ n i c a t i o n s ' ~ v e r s u sex ter io r l inof commun ication s" kicked arounThey re la te c lose ly to the T ime-Dis tancFac tor. When you a r e operat ing on inter ior l ine s of communicat ions you tent o max i mi ze t h e T -D Fac t o r and a rable to move anything from one placto anothe r on t ime, which i s a favorabsi tuat ion. On exterior l ines of communicat ions however, T-D begins wor k agains t you. Although you stimay have a cont inuous l ine , you caget so pul led a pa rt that you can 't movenough, anywhere on t ime. This is s i tuat ion to avoid against an opponewho h as good in ter ior l ines , for if yolose control , you m ay be l iable to defeat in detai l .

    One mo re ru le you might set for youse l f , i s to keepu ni t s wi th spec ia l movmen t c ap ab il i t ie s a s f r ee a s p o ss i bf r om rou t ine commi tment . They shoub e l o ca t ed c l o s e t o o r i n p o r t s o r c i t i eo r even a t sea where they can put thespecia l movement capabi l i t ies to wofas t a s a par t of a dec i s ive ac t ion. Trto use them only for decis iv e act ioWhen they a r e co mm it ted, they shoube rep laced on l ine as soon as poss ibby regular uni ts moved up for that pupose ahead of t ime. Prov ide for get t in

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    THE GENERAL PAGEt h e s e u n i t s b a c k i n to p o r t s o r c i t i e s f o ri m m e d i a t e r e - u s e . T h e t r u e v al u e o ft h e s e s p e c i a l u n i t s l i e s i n w h a t t h e y c a ndo in combina t ion wi th regu la r fo rc es .They seldom have sufficient s t r engt h inthemselves to be t ru ly dec i s ive , t heya r e o f t e n h a r d t o g et o u t o n c e c o m m it t e d ,a n d t he y a r e e a s y to f r i t t e r a w a y . T h e i rm e r e e x i s t e n c e i n s o m e s t r e n g t h , i n aready a t t i t ude to s t r ike , pose s manyprob lems fo r your opponen t .

    A good bat t le d isppsi t ion then, i s onet h a t h a s g o od s e c u r i t y a n d m a x i m i z e sthe T ime-D is t ance Fac to r . Next we wil ld i scu ss o f fensive cons id era t ions wi thMass and Maneuver .

    More Blitzkrieg Optionalsb y C h r i s H a r v e y

    I s B l i t z k ri e g t o s i m p l e f o r y o u ? T r yadd ing so me of th ese ru l es to i t fo r am o r e m o d e r n i z e d g a m e.

    Each s ide beg ins wi th 60 Rad ar fac-to rs . One fac tor g i ves a zone of v iewof one squa re rad ius . So a s ix Rada rs t a t ion can see a c i r c l e of twelve squ aresd i a m e t e r . S ix i s t h e m o s t f a c t o r s a l -lowed on one square . Any p lanes notf ly ing th rough a ra da r zone a r e no t seen ,and so cannot be in t e rcep ted . Ra daru n i ts c a n m o v e h a lf a s q u i ck l y a s I n-f a n t r y .

    T o u s e A n t i A i r c r a f t m i s s i l e s a n dI C BM 's a i r m o v e m e nt m u s t b e r e v i s e d .E a c h t u r n s m o v e i s m a d e i n F OU Rstages . SAC f ive per s t age , MDM th re eper s t age , ICBM four pe r s t age , An ti -A i r c r a f t f o u r p e r s t a g e a n d T r a n s p o r tt w en t y p e r s t a g e . T h e a t t a c k e r m o v e sh i s u n i ts f i r s t a n d a l l u n i t s m u s t m o v ethe i r fu l l d i s t ance . Then the defenderm o v e s h i s u n i t s t o i n t e r c e p t t h e e n e m y .B o m b e r s c a n t h e r e f o r e b e a t t a c k e d b e -f o r e th e y r e a c h t h ei r t a r g e t s . F i g h t e r scan s t i l l on ly f igh t one ba t t l e per FULLmove. When a mi s s i l e in t e rc ep t s bomb-e r s i t d e s t r o y s o n e b o m b er f a c t o r f o reach miss i l e fac to r . Once l aunched am i s s i l e i s l o s t w h e th e r o r n ot i t r e a c h e sa t a r g e t . T h e i d e a t h e n i s t o o u t r u n amis s i l e by c l e ver pos i t ion ing .

    I C B M 's m o v e e x a ct l y t h e s a m e a sbom bers and can on ly be des t royed byAnt i -miss i l es . ICBM's can be useda g a i n s t t r o o p s (S AC t a b l e ) c i t i e s , R a d a r ,a s i n t er d i ct i o n o r a g a i n s t o t h e r I C B Mba se s (SAC table ) . Of co urs e you coulduse them wi th Nuclear warhead s . Mis -s i l e s can o f cour se be moved on theg r ou n d a s i n f an t r y.

    The Defensive Offenseby Richard A . Shagr in

    Are you t i red o f see ing you r ga l l an tcava l ry b r igades des t royed by 30 to 1at ta ck s? Do you enjoy leaving the in i -t i at ive to the Fr en ch ? Do you wan t an

    in te res t ing , s t imula t ing , uns te reo typedc o n t e s t ? I have a Pruss ian-Anglo-A ll ieddefense for Waterloo you should knowabout.P r e v i o u s c o m m e n t a t o r s s u ch a sB e r n a r d B o p p i n Q u a n d ry a t Q u a t r eBr as (Sep t. '65 , p . 7 ) have s t res s ed-elay and the defensive by posi t ioningun i t s wher e coord ina ted o f fens ives a r eimposs ib le and swi f t reac t ion to Fren chini t iat ive ver y di ff icul t . Often whathappens i s a d i e th rowing con tes t - -wi l lF r e n c h 3 t o 1 ' s work befo re soak-o f fsa n d P r u s s i a n 5 to 1 s r e d u c e t h e F r e n c hto impo tence?

    W it h t h i s d e f e ns e a t t h e v e r y w o r s tyou have ga ined one ex t ra t u rn and thencan fa l l back to the s ame o ld pos it ions.At bes t - -you can su r round , cu t off anddes t r oy in de ta i l t he bu lk of the Fren cha r m y . In o ne g a m e a g a i n s t a n u l t r a -caut ious Napoleon, the Pi eton R ive rw a s u se d a s a d e f en s e l i n e f o r s e v e r a ltu r ns and a co rps (15 p t s ) of cava l ryw a s s u r r o u n d e d a t 3 to 1. You ma y hav es i m i l a r r e s u l t s - - t r y i t a n d s e e . T h ebes t defense i s a good o f fense- - th i sdefense l e t s you ge t ther e ' I fus t est w i tht h e m o s t e s t t land p rove i t !

    SETUPMain Body

    R e s e r v e sDD22 2-6, 1-6DD19 2-6, 2-6 , 2-6 , 1-6X27 Anglo-A llied un itsF l a n k F o r c eDD14 4-4, 2-6DD13 6-4F F l O 4 - 4 , 1 - 6

    Gettysburg Reversalby Leon ard Greene

    The gam e of Get tysburg '64 s e e m sto be neglecte d by the Gene ral and war -g a r n e r s f o r t h e n e w e r , m o r e c o m p l exgames , such a s Bl i t zk r ieg . Thesegame s cer t a in ly have the i r advan tagesand a r e enjoyable to play. However,they tend to become too complex a tt i m e s , a s a r e s u l t of th e g r e a t n u m b e rof uni ts and complicated r ul es found inthem. Th i s cau ses each move to t akee x c e s s i v e t im e , o r e l s e m i s t a k e s w i l lbe made . Get tysburg ha s fewer un it s ,l i ke Afr ika Korps . Get tysburg a l so has

    a playing board which is adaptable m o s t s t r a t eg i e s . M o v es a r e m aqu ick ly , fewer mis t ake s a r e made , athey a r e of h igher qual ity because of tlac k of confusion. A play er 's abi li s u s e d t o i t s g r e a t e s t e x te n t u ndthese condi t ions , which ar e found Get tysburg '64.

    At f i r s t g l ance , Get tysburg looheavily weighted in favo r of the Uniforc es . They have a defini te advantain combat fac to rs , bes ides wh ich tha r e n o t r e q u i r e d to a t t a c k i n o r d e r win. Thus you have a s i tuat ion whet h e n u m e r i c a l ly s u p e r i o r f o r c e i s t he defens ive , wh ich i s c l ear ly an avantageous posi t ion.

    The Confede ra tes on the o the r hano t on ly have a sma l l e r fo rc e , bu t thhave the burden of at tac k upon the

    However , t he Sou th a l so has cer t aadvantages which, I bel i eve , overcomal l i t s d i sadvan tages , and g ive h im 50-50% chance of winning (given pla yeof equa l ab i li t y ). F i r s t , he can gm o r e f a c t o r s o n a s q u a r e ( s i x t o tUnion pl ayer 's f ive) than the Unip layer . Second , h i s t roops a re of a round be t t e r qua l ity . H i s un i t s haan average s t reng th g r ea t e r than thatthe Fed era l fo rce ' s un i t s , and a l so hun i t s have a g rea te r average movemera te . These advan tages make i t pos ib le fo r the Confedera te gen era l ove rwhe lm any posi t ion in the Yankl ine if he real ly puts h is mind to The only rea so n why the South shoulose i s if the t ime run s ou t befo re tmop up o f su rv iv ing F ede ra l un i t sf in ished. T his unfortunately happequi te often; even a succ essfu l bat t le wend with on ly a few hou rs remain ing .

    I wil l now at temp t to demon stratha t t h i s i s so . The f i r s t pa r t o f tgame, befo re the Nor th ' s a r t i l l e ry ar i v e s o n t h e s c e ne , i s t he m o s t i m p otant to the South.

    As the game beg ins , you shou ld d r is teadi ly to the south and southeasblocking any at te mp t of Union adv ance l im i n at i n g a n y c a v a l r y o r o t h e r u ntha t com es too c lose . H i s in fan t ry wadvance p re t ty fa r up Ce mete ry Ridgbefore you re ac h the scene. Howeveyour in fan t ry i s s t ron ger and you shouadvance sou th on Ceme tery Ridge wisome s t rong un i t s and b lockany Fed era t t empt o f advance toward SeminaRidge o r a round your ea s t f l ank withe remain der o f your fo rce .

    W he n y o u r a r t i l l e r y a r r i v e s o n thscene , you can do the m os t to avenLee 's defeat . Fo r a cons iderablength of t im e you wil l be able to gs ix fac to rs on a squa re to the Unionthree. At those odds even a fort i f iesquare i sn ' t s a fe. Fo rc e h im o ff thridge to the southeast , at tacking anuni t that i s exposed off the r idge. Bsur e to make no a t t acks tha t m igh t r esul t in . a s t ron g fr ien dly uni t being ex

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    PAGE 9 THE GENERAposed to counterat tack.

    You shou ld find i t bes t to s t r ike a tthe flanks of the union line. Sp l i t yourfo rce in two , one f o rce fo r ea ch un ionf lank . Forget the midd le - i t won ' tneed any defense , any Union advanc ethere wi l l work in your f avor . Youropponent w i l l ex tend h is l ine and r e -t r ea t h i s f l an k s to keep out of yourr each . T r y an d ge t a r o u nd t he f lan k sbefore they extend to the end of them ap b o a rd , o r e l s e y ou w i l l f i n d y o u r -self aga inst a l ine with "no end" fo ra l l p r ac t i ca l p u r p o s es . E v en if t h i sdoe s happen. you wil l have gotten thebes t s ide of the deal anyway . H is l inewi l l be sp rea d ou t and weake r , and wi l lbe ro l led back on i tse l f . On a sq uaregr id , as in GETTYSBURG, you caneas i l y g e t an en f i lad e o n u n i t s in ad i ag -onal ba t t le l ine , ev en in the cen te r o fthese l ines . Soak-off s a r e inev i tab le ,but it is wor th it . P a r t of the Yankeeline should now be in th is posi t ion, i fno t a l l o f i t. H i s fo r ce s shou ld ex tendd i ag o na l ly ac r o s s t h e s o u t h eas t co r n e rof the board.

    Continue with this act ion, and by thet i m e h e g e t s h i s a r t i l l e r y y ou w i l l h av eh im backed up c los e to the Taney townRoad. Aga inst a rea l ly poo r U.S.gen era l you ma y have even won. Ifyour opponent is ki l led , he ma y bes t rong enough to mount an o f f ens ive .Keep your un i t s ou t o f r ea ch un t i l youhave made a s t ro ng defens ive pos i t ion .Then hold up there . Make s ur e ' theYank doesn ' t ge t on to the h i l l s o r you&re doomed . By con t ro l l ing h is r a teof advanc e you wil l be able to ge t himto f o r m a d i ag o na l o r c u r v ed l i n e w i ththe ce nte r tow ards you. I t wil l now bei m p o s si b l e f o r h i m t o p r ev en t y o u f r o mget t ing enf i lades on h i s un i t s , eventhose in the middl e of his l ine.

    You should now be a ble to m a s s a c r ehim. His whole l ine i s p robab ly weak-en ed b y 2 - 2' s i n a s s o r t ed l o ca t i on s , h i ss t r on g u n i t s w i l l b e s ca t t e r ed . C en t e ry o u r a t t ack o n o n e o f t h e s e s t r o n g u ni ts .Get an enf i lade o n i t w i th a 4 -2 and a2-4 in combination. B r i n g u p a s s o r t edun i t s to he lp ou t and a cav al ry o r twof o r an y n ec es s a r y s o ak -o f f s o n n e i g h -bor ing un i t s and watch the ama zed lookon your opponent 's face. He wil l f indi t h a r d t o b e l i ev e t h a t h i s s eem i n g l yi n vi n ci b le l i n e , s t re t ch i n g f o r m i l e sac ro ss the mapboard , w i th a mi l l ionun i t s in coun t less ro ws i s ac tual ly qu i tev u ln e rab le . T h e r e a s o n i s s i m p l e :3 1 4 of h i s un i t s a r en ' t wo r th any th ing!When you d isc oun t h is 2-2 ' s and caval ry ,he doesn ' t have much lef t . Even h iss t rong in fan t ry -ar t i l l e ry combinat ionsa r e d e f en s e l e s s b e f o r e y ou. J u s t k e e pon a t tacking , un t i l he s ta r t s runn ing a l love r the board in an ef fo r t to keep aunit o r two al ive unti l noon July 4.

    T h i s is w h er e y o u r cav a l r y b eco m esimporta nt . If you have been saving i t

    e a r l i e r , it will now pay off . You m us tca t ch t h e r em a i n s of h i s a r m y wi t ht h es e f a s t u n i t s b e f o re t h e t i m e r u n sou t. A combinat ion of a r t i l l e ry andcav a l r y o n o n e s q u a r e s h o ul d ch as e an yremain ing 3-2 ' s. An ef i lade wi l l r es u l tin a 3 to 1 batt le. Methodically go af t erand t ra p the U. S. c a v a l r y an d a r t i l l e r ywi th your caval ry , in a corner . Thengo in fo r the ki l l . If you a r e lucky withthe dice, you should win the game, andif not , you won' t los e by much. Tha tw i l l s t i l l em b ar r a s s y o u r o p po n ent co n -s iderab ly , which is al l you want anyway.

    A d d r es s a l l co m m en t s , d en i a ls , i m -provem ents and the l ike to LeonardG r een e , 8307Cool Spr ing Lane, Adelphi,Maryland.

    Rommel Rides Againby Allan Wood

    T h i s a r t i c l e i s ab o u t a s m a l l an dprobably neg lec ted f a c to r i n Af r ikaKorps , the Rom mel un i t . Many p lay er sse ldom us e i t , and thos e tha t do o f tenl eav e i t i n t h e r ea r , s h ut t li n g f u e l . T h et w o - s q u a r e b o n u s i t o f f e r s can s o m e-t i m e s g i ve t h e G er m an pl ay e r t h e v it a ledge in a ba t t le , and the "edges" inmany bat t les can mean v ic to ry .

    Meth ods of UseOne use is , of cour se , the speed ing

    up of your supply l ine. Undeniably thisi s a ve ry valuab le function , bu t no teno ug h t o w ar r en t p l ac i ng R o m m el f a ri n t h e r ea r . C a r e f u l u s e of R o m m elcan g ive the bonus to many Axis un i t s ,thus ge t t ing the re " f i r s te s t w i th them o s t e s t . I ' Don ' t run a l l over theb oardt o uch in g y o u r u n i t s , t h i s w as t e s R o m -m e l t s m o v e s . R a t h e r s t an d s t i l l a n dle t the un i t s "p ick-up1 ' Romm el , g ivet h em t h e t w o s q u a r e s , th en l e t t hem" d r o p1 ' h i m f o r an o t h e r s t ack t o u s e .Obviously th i s i s e f f ec t ive on ly if theu n i t s a r e go in g t h e s a m e d ir ec t io n ; d o n' tgo four squ are s ou t o f the way to ga intwo! I t is especia l ly ef f ec tive on thec o a s t r o a d, a s i n th e f i r s t t u r n w he neve ry Axis un i t ga ins the bonus . Th is-s no t done i l l egal ly by t ry ing to movet h e e n t i r e i n i t i a l p l acem ent s t ack a tonce , bu t r a the r by us ing the "p ick-up ,d rop w method ou t l ined a bove.

    R o m m e l a n d R e c c e G r e a tNote tha t a Recce un i t can move 14

    s q u a r e s i n t h e d es e r t w i t h R o m m el , j u s ta s f a s t a s m o s t B r i ti s h u n it s o n t h ecoas t road! When you get to Tobruk ,r u n R o m m e l a n d t h e R ecce s a r o u n d t h eBrit ish; send a fuel with them , if youcan s p a r e i t , s o t h a t y ou can a t t ack a sw e l l a s t h rea ten . T h e B r i t i s h w i l l h av eto weaken the i r defense s to defend the i rh o m e b as e . T h e s p eed y R o m m el - R ecceco m b i n at i o n m ay ev en g e t t h e r e f i r s t ,

    if the Br i t i sh doesn ' t send some un i tby s ea . B e care fu lwi th the fue l , thoughi t and Rommel wi l l f a l l beh ind tws q u a r e s each t u r n , an d t h u s b e u n p r otec ted . (Romm el wi l l have to f a l l beh ind twelve s qua res before he can nlonger g ive the Recce s a bonus . Th iwil l nev er happen on the length of thb o a r d . )

    R ev i s e R u l e s ?I m i gh t m en t i o n i t c l a r i f y s t h e r u l e

    to s imply s ay R o m m el i s u n a f f ec ted benem y un i t s and zones of con t ro l , ancan ev en r u n o v e r t h em if he l i k e s , along a s he doesn ' t s top on top o f themThi s i s done wi th the under s tand inR o m m el can n ot cap t u r e f u e l , f o r t r e s s e so r h o m eb as es , c an n o t bl o ck r e t r ea t sand canno t b re ak i so la t ion by runn inin to the s tack o f i so la ted un i t s . Real i s mfanat ic s shou ld no t compla in , beca usi n r e5 1 l i f e R o m m el w as p r e t t y s l i p p e ryT h e a l r ead y p r e s en t A va l on H i ll r u labout placing Ro mm el in zones of cont ro l cou ld be modi f ied to " if a Br i t i sp i ece m o v es s o t h a t i t co m es t o r e son top of Romm el , he i s p laced wi tn ea r e s t f r i en d l y un i t. I'

    Com men ts? Al lan Wood, 5969 Unive r s i ty Avenue, Ind ianapo l is , Ind ian

    Schwerpunkt in Tactics I1by Keith W. Bennett

    Recen t comm ent in the Genera l , S. PDuncan a nd T . Bos se le r ind icated deep sea ted d isgus t w i th the "per fect roop p lacement" concep t , o r "the perfec t p lan" concep t . No a t ta cke r camove out without s ome kind of l is t okey objectiv es. But why plan to thpoint of ob se ssi on ?

    Duncan and Bosse ler mak e a goopoin t , and one p roven by mi l i ta ry h isto ry - - tha t a good bat t le f ie ld comm andei s one who i s p re pare d to f igh t a war omovement . He se t s up a bas i c p lan thai s q u i t e s i m p l e an d t h en u s e s an y n u mbe r of metho ds of executing that plan

    In Tact ics 11, i t cou ld be a s bas ic ac r ea t i n g an a r m o r ed s ch wer pu n kt u s i na n a r m o r e d f o r c e b u il t up f r o m t h e r es e r v es , an d each o f t h e f o u r C o r p sThe in i t ia l penet r a t ion in to enemy te rr i t o r y i s m ad e w it h t h e l i m i t ed n um b eof tank d iv is ions avai lab le in the f i r stu rn , p robab ly two d iv is ions . To ho lthe f lanks and bu ild th i s sma l l un i t uto Cor ps s t r eng th , we des ignated onin fan t ry d iv is ion in each of the fouC o r p s a s a " m ech an ized i n f ant r y d i vis ion" , co r respon ding to the Germa" Pan z e r - G r en ad i e r " u n i t s i n hav in g t hf ir ep ow er of an infantry unit , but thmovem ent fac tor of a tank division.

    Th is pu ts four d iv is ions in to thSchwerpunkt- - two tank divisions wit

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    THE GENERALtwo mechan ized in fan t ry d iv is ions ini m m ed i a t e s u p p or t . T h e i n f an t ry d i v i -s ions of the second and th i rd C arp sfollow on the f lanks of the schw erpunk ta t t h e i r b e s t s p eed s , e ch el o ni n g o u t o neith er f lank t o widen the point of thebreak th rough .

    As se t up fo r the beg inn ing of theg a m e , t h e s t a n d a rd A r m y C o r p s i nT ac t i c s I1 co r r e s p o n d t o an ea r l y Wo r ldWar I1 p a t t e r n . T h e t an k f o r ce s a r eparce l led ou t amon g in fan t ry d iv is ions ,and used to s t i f f en the f i r epower of as t an d a r d co r p s , r a t h e r t h an co n cen t r a t -ed in to a mobi le fo r ce of g re a t f i r e -power and g rea t f r e edo m of movement .I t i s t h e s a m e o r g an iza t i o n u s ed b y t heB r i t i s h , F r en c h , an d o t h e r f o r c e s u n ti lthe ef f ec t iveness o f conce n t r a ted Ge r -m a n a r m o r m a d e i t c l e a r t h at a d e fe n d-ing fo rc e of equal s t r en g th had to bec r ea t ed .

    T h e r u l e r eq u i r i n g a C o r p s h ead -q u a r t e r s h a s t o b e b r o k en , a s t h e o r i g i -n a l C o r p s h ead q u a r t e r s w o ul d m o v ef o r w ar d w i th t h e o r i g i n a l I1 and I11 In-f an t r y C o r p s . T h e I C o r p s , an d I VC o r p s m o v e f o r w ar d i n t h e s eco n d t u r n ,t h ro w i ng t h e i r a r m o r f o r w ar d t o j o inthe Schwerpunkt , in the crea t ion o f as eco n d a r m o r e d co r p s . T h ey h av e t h edouble job of developing t he f r on t out-w ar d t o th e f l an k s s o a s t o s ea l o ffen em y co u n t e r a t t a ck s , an d o ccup y in gp o r t s t o s lo w d ow n an en em y s ea - l an d -ing.

    So i t w ou l d s ee m h e r e t h a t t h e s i m p -l e s t an d m o s t p r ac t i ca l p l an w ou ld b en o th in g m o r e t h an t h e a s s i g n m en t o f ano b j ec t iv e i n t h e f i r s t an d s eco n d t u r n sand then th rowing the schw erpunkt fo r -w ar d t o w ar d t h a t o b j ec ti v e a s r ap i d l ya s p o ss i bl e . T h e a g r e s s o r i s s i m pl yt r y i n g t o p en e t r a t e s o d eep l y t h a t h ecu t s t h e eh em y a r m y g r o u p i n h a l f, i n -t o i t s t wo co m p on en t a r m i e s ; b e f o r e i ti s n eces s a r y t o d o an y f i g ht i ng . T h eb u r d en of a t t a ck t h en ac t u a l l y f a l l s o nthe defender .

    Pa r a t r o o p d i v i s io n s , an d am p h i b iand iv is ions would be comm it ted a head oft h e s ch w er p un k t t o h o ld b r i d g e c r o s s -i n gs . When t h e ag r e s s o r f ee l s h e ' spenet r a ted dee p enough to cu t off com-municat ions be tween th e d iv ided halves ,o r w h a t ev e r f r ac t i o n h e ' s s p l i t of f, o ft h e en em y f o r ce , h e s w i n g s h i s s ch w er -punkt to e i the r f lank to a t tack the weak ere le me nts of the enem y, defend ing , fo rc e .

    Proof o f the f ac t tha t one ma n ' s p lani s a n o t h e r m a n ' s W a t e rl o o i s t h a t ,though the sc hwerpunkt was used v eryef fec t ive ly by th e Germ an Wehrmach tin bo th a t t ack and defense wi th equals u c c e s s , o t h e r s u c c e s s fu l c o m m a n d e r sh av e d i v id ed t h e i r f o r c e s d e l i b e r a t e l y .C a e s a r , i n t h e G a ll i c c a m p ai g ns , r e -peated ly used a sys tem of th ree suppor t -ing co lumns . George Wash ing ton t r i edt h e s am e t h in g a t B r an d y w i ne an d f o r at im e, d id qu i te well .

    Bu t a concen t r a t ion of arm or - - f a s tmoving and hardh i t t ing , and deep in toa n en em y d ef en s i ve s y s t e m - - i s ap t t of i nd an en em y w h o ' s a l r ead y s o m ew h a tshaken bef ore any r ea l f igh ting beg ins .If nuc lear capaci ty i s used , the sc hwer -punkt se em s to s t i l l be ef f ec t ive , thoughi t m u s t tr a v e l i n a m o r e d i s p e r s e d o r d e r .T h e a t t ac k e r , i n h i s o p eni ng t u r n , c anknock ou t defend ing ar m or tha t migh tbe moved in to the a re a of h i s in tendeda t t ack ; s o t h at h e s t i l l h a s a s t r o n g l o ca lsuper io r i ty o f f i r epower in the f i r s tf ew c r i t i c a l t u r n s .

    Such a p lan i s s imple , and i t cou ldhelp win . Bu t war , l i ke Ta ct i cs 11, i ss t i l l par t ly a gamble . No p lan can dom or e than help sh i f t the odds . Kei th W.Bennet t , 49 Lakev iew Pla ce , LakeZuri ch, I l l . 60047.

    Success in Stalingradby Richar d Shalvoy

    I t i s an ad m i t t ed f ac t th a t u n d e r t h ep r e s e n t r u l e s t h e G e r m a n s id e i s q u it edif f icult in Stal in grad. I have a planw h ich can s o m ew h a t ea s e t h e G er m anp l ay e r ' s t r o u b l e s . S i nce t h e G er m anof fense depends on the in i t ia l Russ ia np l acem en t , I w i l l dea l w i th t h e t h r eeg en e r a l co m b a t a r ea s an d w i th g en e r a lco m b a t .

    I t i s t h e f o r t u n a t e G e r m a n w ho canl au n ch a r ap i d an d s u cces s f u l F i n n i s hof fense . Usual ly the bes t cou r se ofac t i o n i s t o u s e t h e d e lay i ng d e f en s e a sdes cr ib ed by Ca r l Knabe when f aced bya power fu l Russ i an fo rc e . If your op-p on ent i s n o t o v e r l y l u ck y o r ag g r e s -s i v e , ag a i n s t a f o r ce of l e s s t h an f i v eo r s i x a r m i e s ( n o t i n cl u di n g t h e L en i n -g r ad d e f en s i v e f o r ce w h ich s t i l l m u s tbe taken in to accoun t ) , you may be ab l et o h ol d t e r r i t o r y o r a t l e a s t d e l ay h i sadva nce by placing a pi le of a 2-2-4an d a 3 - 3 - 4 o r m o r e i n i t i a l l y i n B -3 4and E-33 . Unless a p ro tec te d 3 - 1 canb e o b t a in e d , I r a r e l y t r y a n a t t a c k i nFin land un t i l the Russ ia n h as wi thdrawna p a r t of h i s f o r ce . D e l ay i s yo u r k ey -n o t e i n Fi n l an d an d l a t e r t h e r em a i n i n gun i t s , if your main d r ive s have metw i th s o m e s u cces s , w i ll b e ab l e t oh a r r a s s t h e R u s si a n s i n a n d n e a r L en in -g r ad .

    In t h e a r ea n o r t h of t h e P r i p y a tM a r s h e s , t h e N e m un a s R i v e r i s t h ema jor obs tac le and if any ch ance ofs u c ces s i s t o b e o b ta i n ed i t s h ou ld b eb r o k en a s s oo n a s p o s si b l e , t h ou gh t h i scan t ak e s o m e t i m e ag a i n s t a com p e t en topponen t. The bes t way to do th i s i sto launch a num ber of 1 -2 ' s conce n t r a t -e d i n a s m a l l a r e a f o r th e m a x i m umef fec t . A 3 -1 can be ach ieved on a 4 -6ac r o s s t h e r i v e r i n a s t ack of t w o w i thm i n i m u m l o s s . If a l l e l s e f a i l s , a t -t a c k f r o m 2 - 1 8 t o c r e a t e b a s i c o dd s .When t h e r i v e r i s c l ea r ed , a t t a ck n o r t h

    of and pas t Minsk un le ss good odds cabe obtained on i t . When nea r ing thSmolensk a re a , and if you have no t ar eady done so , b rea k the Div ina! t h e R u s s i a n i s s t r e t ch ed o u t t o an ex teny ou m ay g e t a c r ack a t L en i n g r ad o r l e a s t s t r e t ch t h e R u s s i an l i n e m o r e t h ai t c an s a f e l y b e an d a l s o w i l l r em o v et h r ea t t o y o u r f l an k s . T h e s q u a r e s R - 2an d 5 - 25 a r e ex ce l len t f o r t h i s p u r p o sA re t r e a t to the Luga wi l l open a hoi n t h e l i n e s t h at t h e R u s s i an m ay h atrou ble in f i l l ing. I have no set plaf o r t ak in g M os cow b u t t r y t o ge t a s w ia f ron t as you can hand le before thf ina l d r ive . If i t i s c l ea r tha t Moscowi l l no t f a l l to your l imi ted fo rce s the Ar my Group Cen te r , you shou ld bab le to hook toward s the Eas tern Volh o v an d a t t em p t t o s u r r o u n d L en i n g ro r cap tu re i t . The junction of the nor the r n f o r ce s an d t h e l o s s of a c i t y wenab le you to leng then the Moscow Froso that a weak spot wil l of neces siapp ear som ewhe re . Now the f ina l atack m us t be made an d hopeful ly wsucceed .

    T h e S t a l i n gr ad a t t ack i s p e r h aonly the seco nda ry objective of thsou thern fo rc e . The f i r s t du ty of tha r m i e s i s t o d r a w o u t t h e R u s s ia n l i nand to k i l l un i t s . If the sou th ern f roi s o nl y t h e s eco n d a r y d r i v e , t h e m adr iv e shou ld be th rough the f la t Ukra inwi th a t ta cks on the Dnes t r e a t 2 -1 . Thdr iv e to the Dnepr should be made cos tf o r t h e R u s s i an s u n l e s s h e w i sh es give you the t er ra in which would bcos t ly t o h i s t im e t a b l e . B r e a k th e r i vbetween Kiev and Dnepro Pet ro vsk . the Moscow dr iv e i s s lowing , a fo rcshou ld head fo r Kursk and nor th f rothe re to Moscow. Th is fo rc e would aso be helpful to cove r the f lank of d r iv e to Sta l ingrad . If the Russ ian has u r r en d e r ed S t a l i n gr ad , s en d a s m af o r c e t o occu py t h e c i t y an d r e - i n f o r cthe Kursk fo rc e . In th i s even t Mos cowi l l be your p r im ary ob jec t ive ; you wib e ab l e t o o b t a in a r a t h e r l a r g e f r o n t othe c i ty . If he ho lds the c i ty, approacthe c i ty f rom Ros tov and down the Mocow-Sta l ingrad Rai l ro ad . You shouhave no p rob lem s c los ing to the c if r o m t h e n o r t h , b u t t h e D o ene t s anDon wi l l cause p r ob l ems on your Wese r n ap p r o ach . If c ap t u r e i s d i f f icuc r o s s t h e V o lg a an d s u r r o u n d t h e c i t

    In g en e r a l , co m m i t y o ur a r m o r eq ual l y un t i l you c ro ss the Dnepr o r i f yoin tend to have a s t ro ng sou thern o ff ens i v e i n w h ich c a s e d r i v e ac r o s s t hr i v e r s b y a t t acki n g 5 - 7 ' s a t 2 - 1 a n d 4 - 6at 3 - 1 . Wi th an ef f ec tive Ukraine d r ivthe Sou thern Bug i s ou t flanked . P la ctwo 4-4 -6 ' s in Fin land . In the d r ivep i le a rm or in g roups of 8 , 7 , 6 , and two group s of 8 , 6 , 4. I t enab les yoto get the p rop er nu mber of f ac to r s the p lace you need them . Tr y to p lat h e 8 - 7 - 6 p i l e s w h e r e t h e m a j o r i t y

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    PAGE. 11 THE GENERA5 - 7 ' s a r e . W it h a l i t t l e l u c k an d p r o p e rhand l ing of th i s gen era l gu ide toRu ss ia ,you can ra i s e your f l ag in the Kreml in .Commen ts and whatever can be sen tto: Ric har d Shalvoy, 15 Ludlow Manor,E. Norwalk. Conn. 06855.

    Maintain the Offensiveby R . William kith

    I f you a r e g iven the op t ion to makea n a s s a u l t a g a i n s t a w e l l - f o rt i f i e d b ea c h -defense-ne twork , o r to conduct a walk -in , d r y l and ing aga ins t l i t t l e , i f any op-posi t ion, do you f ind yoursel f choosingt h e l a t t e r j us t t o k e e p l o s s e s l o w ? Ifso , don ' t deny i t . The au thor ag re estha t qu i t e a few beach pos i t ions a r e" impregnab le , bu t no one can poss ib lys t o p a d e t e r m i n e d a t t a c k e r w ho a s s u m e s ,then m ain ta ins the o f fens ive . Don ' t mis -in t e rp re t t he po in t t ry ing to be made .T h e a r t i c l e i s no t to induce the rea de rto m ake fool ish 1: 1 or 1 :2 "banzai"charges .

    A so - ca l l ed " impregnab le 'I defensepos i t ion was in t roduced to the au thor ,and was summ ar i ly b la s t ed , ben t , t henbuck led and burs t . The game was D-Day , and a long the co as t of P a s deCala i s , t he po s i t ions were : 3 s t a t i c son L 20 & L - 2 1 , e a . ; 2 s t a t i c s o n M - 22 ,M-23, & N-24 ea . ; 3-4 -3 Inf . Divs . atM-19. N-21, & 0 - 2 5 ( o ne p e r h ex . );4 - 4 - 3 I n f. D iv s . a t 0 - 2 4 & Q-25 (oneper hex . ); 5-5 -3 a t Q-27 ; and 6 -6 -4 a tP-26 . With the perm iss ion of the Ger-man defender , t he au thor exper imen tedwith the se t -up an d found that in twentyr u n s , t h e a v e r a g e p r i c e f o r a b e a c h h e a dcos t t he Al l i es 1 . 5 A rmo red Div is ions ,5 - 3 In fan t ry Div i sions , and 2 . 5 Ai rb orneD iv i si o ns . A s s a u l t a g a i n s t t h e f o r t r e s s e sin th i s beach ne twork was heav i ly fa t a l ,with only, a 29% cha nce of vict ory . Tothe sou th , t he re was a 45% chance ofget t ing a con nected beachhead ( two o rm o r e H e x s . ) between Dieppe and Bou-logne.

    While defending th is beachhe ad, theG e r m a n l o s t a n a v e r a g e of 5 . 1 S ta t i c s ,. 7 A r m o r e d , . 6 A i r b o r n e , a n d 2 . 3 In -fan t r y Div i s ions (bo th typ es ) e i ther de-s t royed o r rou ted .

    In the nex t th r ee tu rn s , A l l i ed t roops t reng th on the con t inen t soare d to 5 . 4Arm 'd Divs, 6 .2 In f 'y Divs, and 1 . 1Airb orne Divs , by the s ta rt of July ,' 4 4, t h e b e a c hh e a d p e r i m e t e r w a s f r o mDieppe to Q-24 , the z ig -zag back toDunkirk . With po rt faci l i t ies for 36Uni ts , 23 mo re d iv i s ions o r HQs cou ldb e m a s s e d i n s i d e th e l i n e s , a n d b e u s e df o r a b r e a k o u t , a g a i n a t c o s t , b u t do n 'tf o r g e t t h a t t h e G e r m a n i s a l s o s u f fe r in gl o s s e s .

    When the agsau l t t roops toucheddown, the German had a few cho ices inre fe r ence to h i s reac t ion to the Invas ion .

    As the s i tua t ion looked bad fo r the Al-l i e s a t f i r s t , h e m i g h t ( a n d o f te n d i d )lea ve the "mop-up" to the t roop s behindthe beaches . If t h i s i s t he on ly reac t ion ,t h e A l l i e s c a n c a r r y th e d a y b y m a k i n gconserva t iv e 1 : 1 o r 2 : 1 a t t acks towardsSwi tzer land . The deeper the l in es go.t h e f a r t h e r a n d l o n g e r t h e G e r m a n h a s-t o go to sh i f t un i t s f ro m the no r th to thesouth , an d vice ver sa . If he doe s throwa heavy a t t ack aga ins t t he beachhead ,he mus t have to weaken h i s pos i t ionse l sewhere . As speed i s of the u tmos t ,the G erma n wou ld be foo l i sh to useS ou th F r a n c e t r o o p s to s q u a s h t h e P a sde Cala i s as sau l t , t he b es t move wou ldprobab ly be to use the an t i -para t roopuni ts behind North Sea. Le Har ve andpossibly Norman dy, wi th the uni ts inGermany coming up fas t . T hese maneu-ve rs wi ll undoub ted ly make the o thernor t hern beaches cons iderab ly weaker ,and if the beachhead can hold out to the6 th o r 7 th week , the Germ an cou ld no tposs ib ly get h i s " impregnab le" defenseback in o rd er , a t bes t , i t wou ld be l ikea concre te wal l on the b r ink of a p rec i -pice. One heavy blow agai nst i t , andthe All i ed un i ts pour th ru and d r ive fo rthe Fa ther l and .

    If t he Germ an us es the 'Hoffman ' de-f e n s e , t h e s i tu a t io n i s r e m a r k a b l y m o r ef a v o r a b l e f o r a n A l l ie d l a n d i ng i n P a sde Cala i s . Once a su i t ab le fo rce ha sbeen accumula ted , go a f t e r the s t a t i csand des t r oy a s many of the f l ank un i t sa s p o s si b le . A s A ll ie d u n i ts s t r e a m i n -to Fran ce , t he t em po of All i ed advancewi l l qu icken , and the S ta t i cs ' Re t re a twil l tur n in to a route. Then move s low-ly aga ins t t he S ieg f r ied L ine , a imed a tVerdun. You have the opt ion to at tac k,a nd a s t h e re a r e c o n s id e ra b ly l e s sm o v e m en t b a r r i e r s w es t of t h e Li n e ,you can sh i f t your a t t ack e i ther towardsAchen o r Nancy , wh i l e he h as bu t av e r y s m a l l r e s e r v e s i n c e m o s t of h i sc o m b a t u n i ts w e r e e x h a u s te d i n F r a n c e ,o r a r e t i ed down on the L ine . If t heLine i s s tout ly held , he can ' t have manyan t i -p ara . un i t s , so use a two-prongeda t t ack aga ins t h i s L in e , con t inua l ly h i t -t i ng the l ine in sev era l sp o t s . Soonboth s id es wi l l be badly weakened, butif t he a l l i ed s t i l l ha s 20 d iv i s ions , h i sspeed wi ll ge t 10 d iv i s ions ac ro ss thel ine wel l ah ead of the Germ an re -p lacemen t s ' a r r i va l . With the o ther 10divis ions holding open a supply l ine,Germ and efea t i s now a defin it e rea l i ty .

    A d d r e s s t h o s e c r i t i c i s m s of y o u r s t oR. Wil l iam Smith , 6N654 Pine Ave . ,Bensenv i l le , I l l inois 60106.

    Feudal Wargamingby Marsha l l A . Massey

    C o m m o n p r a ct i c e a m o n g w a r g a m e r swho en joy p lay ing by mai l i s t o fo r mte am s with appelat ion s of such dubious

    qua l i ty a s FIRE, Wor ld Conques t, Incand the Confedera te Arm y of Cen t rAppalach ia . Thes e t ea ms a t t ack eaco t h e r , s o m e t i m e s l o s e a n d r e f u s e adm i t i t open ly, d i sag ree on who con t rowhat s t a t es , and d i s in t eg ra te with montonous regu lar i ty . Te am s which haeach o the r par t i cu la r ly hand le eao ther ' s cha l l enges be tween f inger t ia t a r m 's l eng th , one hand p inch ing thenose s . The resu l t ing chaos i s enout o d r i v e t h e w a r g a m e r i n s an e .

    I p r o p o s e F e u d a l i s m - - a s y s t e m fthe warga mer who en joys f igh ting hway to the top, founding his own s tawithin the mighty Em pi re of Avalon jo in ing the s t a t e of a n e xper t warg amea n d c o l le c t in g v a s s a l s ( o t h e r w a r g a m ewho owe a l l eg iance to h im and muf igh t whom he p leases ) . Feuda l i sm of e r s w a r s b e t we e n s t a t e s, p e r s o ncombat wi th h igh rank a s the rew aand low rank and vas sa l age a s he pun ismen t , f r i end ly tou rnamen t s be tween wagam er s of equa l rank , and rebe l l ioW ha t m o r e c a n t h e p r e s e n t s y s t eo f f e r ?

    P e e r a g e i s t h e r an k i n g of w a r g a m e rThe beg inner i s a knigh t, and f rom theh e m a y r i s e t o b a r o n , v i s co u n t , e a rmarq u i s , duke , and a t t he top, p r incA l l m e m b e r s a r e n o b le s ; a l l b u t t hkn igh ts a r e lo rd s . Respec t ive ly , t hlo r ds ru le a barony , a v i scoun tcy , e a r l d o m , a m a r q u i s a t e , a d u c h y , a na p r inc ipa l ity . Changes in rank , wel l a s the res u l t s of gam es be twes u b j e c t s of t h e E m p i r e , a r e r e g i s t e r ea t t he C hancery , 423 Manor , Gro sPo in te Fa rm s , Mich igan 48236 . (Thi s a l s o w h e r e i n t e r e st e d w a r g a m eshou ld wr i t e to jo in , and where , fo rse l f -addressed , s t amped enve lopl i s t s of m e m b e r s m a y b e o b t a i n e d

    Tournam en t s be tween nob les do nc h an g e t h e i r r a n k s o r s t a t u s , m a y bof any l eng th , and a r e the on ly gamtha t need no t be reg i s t e r ed . Perso ncombat and war combat be tween twnob les l as t t h r ee ga mes - - the winner two wins the combat . The chal lengha s cho ice of s id es but the chal lengchooses the games . In bo th war anpersona l combat two th ings a r e a t s t akrank and vassa lage .

    The winner of a p erso nal com batthat i s , combat between two noblw h os e s t a t e s a r e n o t a t w a r - - t a k e s trank of the lo ser un les s h i s own i s h ige r . T h e l o s e r b e c o m e s t h e w in n e rvassa l , and i f he o r ig ina l lyha d the win e r ' s n ew r a n k h e i s d e m o t e d a r a n(You ma y not have a va s sal rank ing hige r o r e q u a l t o y o ur s e lf . ) The winnget s any of the lo se r ' s vass a l s who nor a n k h i g h e r o r e q u a l t o t h e i r m a s t et o k e e p a s h i s o wn .

    The winner in a war combat changr a n k i n t h e s a m e wa y, a n d m a y t a ke ah i s o wn o r s e t f r e e a n y of t h e l o s e rv a s s a l s. T h e l o s e r i s d e m o t e d b el o

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    THE GENERAL PAGEt h e w i n n e r ' s n ew r an k , l o s in g a l l h i svas sa l s who now ou t r an k o r equal h im,a s f a r a s t h e w i n ne r l i k e s . ( He m a yeven go f ro m pr in ce to kn igh t ! )

    L o r d s - - b a r o n s an d u p - - m u s t h av ee i t h e r o n e v as s a l o n e r an k b e lo w t h e i rown or two two r an ks be low, o r theym u s t l o s e r an k . T h i s l e ad s , i n w a r ,to a pro ce ss of chipping away the founda-t i o n s . If a l o r d d e f ea t s an o t h e r l o r d ' sv as s a l , t h e d e f ea t ed v as s a l s w i t ch esa l l eg i an ce . ( H e m ay no t b e v as s a l tot wo a t o n ce . ) T h i s m ay l ead t o s h u t t l -i ng v a s s a l s b ack an d f o r t h f o r aw h i le .

    In the midd le of a l l th i s , the va ssa lm ay r en o u n ce h i s a l l eg i an ce t o h i s l o r d ,f o r c in g t h e l o r d t o l i ck h i s o w n v as s a lo r g i v e h i m u p . I t i s l eg a l , b u t n o tspor t ing , f o r a v a s s a l t o a t t a ck h i s o wnlord . (A t tacking lo rds in your own s t a tei s a l s o 0 .K. ) If i n e i t h e r ca s e , t h e r e -b e l li n g v as s a l l o s e s t o h i s l o r d , h e m a yb e t r e a t e d a s l o s e r i n a w a r c o m ba t .

    T h e r e a r e ot h e r a d v a n t a g e s t o v a s -sa l s than p res t ige and keep ing yourrank . If a lo rd , va ss a l to none , ha stwo vas sa ls one r an k below h is own,he r i se s one r ank . If a kn igh t, vas sa lto none, t akes ano th er kn igh t vas sa l ,h e b eco m es b a r o n . I f, i n s t ead , t h el o r d o r k ni gh t i s a v a s s a l t o a


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