aGvi, cagera (cageris raioni)

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qarTvelur enaTa struqturis sakiTxebi. X. 2009

nargiz axvledianinargiz axvledianinargiz axvledianinargiz axvlediani

erTi gvaris istoriisaTvis ayaraSi

qarTveli kacis TandaKolili Tvisebaa daicvas winaparTagan memkvidreobiT miGebuli faseulobani. gvars, rogorc oJaxis Tan-mxlebsa da sarkisebr asaxvas KovelTvis pativs miagebda da uf-rTxildeboda winapari. naSromSi warmodgenilia ayaraSi gavrcele-buli erT-erT liboZlieri da istoriuli gvari _ axvlediani.

didi ilia werda: èris pirqve damxoba, gaTaxsireba, gawKaleba iqidam daiwKeba, roca igi Taviss istorias iviwKebs. daviwKeba isto-riisa, Tavisis warsulisa da Kofilis cxovrebis aGmofxvra xsovnisa-gan momaswavebelia eris suliT da xorciT moSlisa da mTlad warwKmedisaca.

bevrs ers (xalxs) qveKanaze sulac ara hqonia warsuli, sulac ara hqonia istoria, ese igi imisTana cnobieri cxovreba, romelsac sTess mermisisaTvis. amisTana xalxi dGesac bevrni arian qveKanazed. amisTana xalxi ubinao kacsa hgavs, romelmac ar icis _ vin aris, risTvis aris, saidan modis da sad midis...~ (yavyavaZe 1987: 65-67).

gasuli saukunis 10-ian wlebSi ayaraSi daiwKo saKovelTao aGwe-ra. ruseTis mTavrobam moiTxova ayaraSi arsebuli namdvili memamulee-bis sia, Kvela aGa-begi ver iqnebao, Tu ara maSin warmoadgineT memamu-leobis damadasturebeli sabuTio. maxinJauridan axvledianebma warad-gines sabuTi, sadac maTi mamulis sazGvrebi iKo miTiTebuli. es sabu-Ti _ sigeli, mamulismflobelobis da gvaris ufleba-movaleobis wig-ni iKo, romlis originali inaxeboda erT-erTi axvledianis oJaxSi, as-li ki dGesac sankt-peterburgis saxelmwifo arqivSia daculi. am gva-ris erT-erTma gamoCenilma warmomadgenelma _ sazogado moGvawem da mkvlevarma xariton axvledianma mamisa da ufrosi Zmebisagan kargad icoda am `sigeli~-s Sinaarsi da iq dasaxelebuli adgil-mamulis sazGvrebi: CrdiloeTiT _ `karaemiS buruni~ _ wKavnari koncxi, aziz axvledianis cnobiT (dGevandeli mwvane koncxi), aGmosavleTiT _ `sa-sire Keli~ da òmbalo~ (dGevandeli ombaluri), samxreT-dasavleTiT mdinare samZimeTa _ Karadere (dGevandeli ganTiadi), romelic im to-

n . a x v l e d i a n i

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ponimTa rigs miekuTvneba, romelsac Zveli saxelwodeba mTlianad Seec-vala, az. axvledianis cnobiT, es iKo orpiri mdinare KoroliswKlis paralelurad mdebare Gele (axvlediani 1971: 86-87); dasavleTiT _ Savi zGva (sixaruliZe 1974: 19).

500 wlis winaT Camosula alxamuSi Savi zGvis piras, moswone-bia ayaris miwa da aq dasaxleba ganuzraxavs. zepir gadmocemebs co-ta daeJereba, magram roca mematianes raime faqti gamorCeba, imas legendebiTa Tu TqmulebebiT avseben, gavixsenoT Tundac legenda òqros sawmisi~-s Sesaxeb (miTi Tu realoba?!). gadmocema da Tqmu-lebaa iseTi istoriuli wKaro, rogoricaa `qarTlis cxovreba~.

sagvareulo gadmocemiT, Jvarosnuli laSqrobidan ukan dabru-nebisas erT-erT Jvarosan molaSqres, abJarosan axvledians moswone-bia es adgili da dasaxlebula maxinJaurSi. bunebrivia, Jvarosnul laSqrobaSi Sesabamisad aGyrurvil-SeiaraGebulni, abJarasxmuli, àbJarosanni~, anu JavSvniT Semosilni Gebulobdnen monawileobas.

Cveni naSromis mizania warmovadginoT erTi gvaris istoria ayaraSi. eseni arian leCxumidan mosuli _ maxinJaureli axvlediane-bi _ alxamuS axvledianis STamomavlebi. alxamuSi erT-erTi bolo qristiani axvlediani iKo, romelic maxinJaurSia dakrZaluli.

axvledianTa saxelovani gvari istoriulad leCxumSi cxovrob-da. es gvari gxvdeba: qv. rayaSi, odiSSi, guriaSi, imereTSi, ayaraSi, samcxeSi, TorSi, qarTlSi, kaxeTSi da qiziKSi (al. nazGaiZe, ix. da-narTi #1).

axvledianTa gvari _ aGvi, cagera (cageris raioni), derCi (wKaltubos raioni) da sxv. (gavrc.), svanuri warmoSobisaa. savarau-doa, safuZvlad am gvars edos sakuTari saxeli àxvild~ (<-axa-vild), sadac ìld~ svanuri kninobiTobis mawarmoebeli formantia da erTvis sakuTar saxels àxav~-s (maisuraZe 1990: 25-26).

ayaraSi, Turqobis batonobis dros, axvledianebma, iseve, ro-gorc TiTqmis Kvela sxva mcxovrebma, miiGes Turquli òGli~-T ga-formebuli gvari. ase magaliTad, axvlediani gaxda _ kirisiloGli. am faqts adasturebs mkvlevar x. axvledianis mier Jer kidev 1944 wels gamocemuli monografia `narkvevi ayaris istoriidan~ (XVI-XIX sa-ukuneebi), romelsac avtori orive gvars, axvledianTan erTad iqve frCxilebSi kirisiloGlsac uTiTebda. rac Seexeba axvledians, igi aris fuZe gvari maxinJaurSi mcxovreb axvledianTaTvis, rasac ara er-Txel aGniSnavdnen am gvaris ufrosi Taobis warmomadgenlebi. aziz axvlediani ixsenebs, roca babua xazs usvamda imas, rom `Cven varT ax-vledianebi, rasac aq 5 saukunovani istoria gvimagrebs zurgs, da wi-naparTagan Segonebad ismoda, rom amas gafrTxileba da movla syirde-


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bao~. gvari kirisiloGli erTi epoqis naKofia, Turqebis batonobis droindeli (abJarosani axvlediani Turqul enaze iTargmna, rogorc kirisiloGli). ZirZvel qarTul gvarebs Turqebi maTTvis gasageb ena-ze Targmnidnen, iseve rogorc qarTul toponimebs. ase magaliTad, qarTuli toponimi `wKavnari koncxi~ Turqebma, maTi batonobis dros, pirdapir Targmnes rogorc `karaiemiS buruni~ (`karaumiS~ _ wKali, `buruni~ _ konti), xolo rusebis Semosvlis Semdeg igive toponimi iTargmna rusul enaze: `Зелёный Мыс~ _ mwvane koncxi.

oGli Turqulad Svils, STamomavlobas niSnavs, rac Seexeba `ki-risil~-s, igi Cveni varaudiT `kirasir~1 formisagan migvaCnia miGebu-li, sadac pirvel etapze momxdara sonorul TanxmovanTa Soris disi-milacia. kirasir → kirasil. Tu Cveni es varaudi sworia, maSin Sem-deg etapze, saqme gvaqvs xmovanTa progresul, distanciur, srul asi-milaciasTan, kerZod, sinharmonizmTan, anu xmovanTa harmoniasTan, ro-melic met-naklebad gvxdeba sxvadasxva enaSi, magram metadre damaxasia-Tebelia uralur-alaTauri enebisaTvis, kerZod TurqulisaTvis (ax-vlediani 1999: 200). sabolood saxeze gvaqvs momdevno xmovnis pala-talizacia: kirasil → kirisil. Tu Tavdapirvel formas `kirasir~-s mivubrundebiT, rusul-Turqul da Turqul-rusul samxedro leqsi-konSi aseT ganmartebas vpoulobT: kirasir-cebec (Бочкарёв 1940: 406). JebeJi n. Sengelias ganmartebuli aqvs rogorc meiaraGe, meabJre (Se-ngelia 1987: 288). JebeJ cebec _ sparsuli warmoSobis sitKvaa Jabada-ri (Jabadrisa), [niSandoblivia isic, rom xariton axvledianma Tavis erT-erT vajs Jaba daarqva, romelic 14 wlisa gardaicvala] romelic qarTuli enis ganmartebiT leqsikonSi axsnilia rogorc JavSan-sayur-vlis mqone. aqedan gamomdinare `kirisiloGli~ unda KofiliKo Jav-Snosanis, abJarosanis, beqTarosani molaSqris STamomavali. abJari sulxan-sabasTan ganmartebulia rogorc zogadi saxeli KovelTa sa-yurvelTa da ufrosad JayvTa sacvamTa, JavSani ars abJari rkinis(a), tansacvami Jayvi, begTari _ morkinuli sacmelia saomari (sulxan-saba 1993: 450; sulxan-saba 1991: 100). es varaudi amarTlebs sagvareulo gadmocemas, abJarosani axvledianebis Sesaxeb. aqve moviKvanT kir-Ziris ganmartebebs rusul-Turquli leqsikonebidan, ase magaliTad: `kir~ _ 1. светло-серый, седой da 2. поле, степь, равнина. `serdari~ _ 1. хозяин полей da 2. военный начальник иррегулярного жандармского отряда. `kir~ _ Ziridanaa nawarmoebi `kiral~ _ слав. правитель, князь, король,

1 Основная часть фамилий, образованных от воинских званий иностранного происхождения, главным образом французского, и в русский язык проникла через немецкий и польский. Фамилии от них возникли в основном в XVIII в.: Кирасиров < Кирасир (Унбегаун Б. О. 1989: 100-101).


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княжество (Магазаник 1931: 586). korsarebic Sua saukuneebis evropaSi ruseTSi, TurqeTSi da safrangeTSic molaSqreebi iKvnen. kirasire-bi mZime kavaleriis saxe iKo evropul armiaSi XVI saukunis dasasruls da XX saukunis dasawKisSi (ruseTSi _ XVIII saukuneSi) (sabyoTa encik-lopediuri leqsikoni, 1987: 578). rusul-frangul da frangul-ru-sul leqsikonebSi Cuirassier ganmartebulia rogorc abJarosani (ru-sul-franguli leqsikoni, 1988: 326; frangul-rusul leqsikoni, 2000: 3-60-80) _ begTariT Seyurvili, mxedari begTarosani. (fran-gul-qarTuli leqsikoni; 1998:602). ayaraSi TurqeTis batonobis dros iSviaTi ar Kofila samxedro wodebidan momdinare gvarebi. ase, magaliTad, CauSoGli1, sambaSoGli (subaSoGli),2 iuzbaSoGli (asis-Tavi), binbaSoGli (aTaseulis meTauri), baS-CauSi (ufrosi unter oficeri), onbaSoGli (aTmeTauri) _ masalebi amoGebulia xariton axvledianis piradi arqividan saqme #1) da sxva, romelTa STamomav-lebic dGesac saxloben ayaraSi.

maxinJaurel axvledianTa genealogiuri xe ase gamoiKureba: sa-lix _ mustaf _ arif _ gulizar _ xusein (xariton) _ ibraim ax-vledianebi (da-Zmebi) ← axmedi ← memed quCuki ← salixi ← xuseini ← kirile ← alxamuSi. gadmocemiT, swored kiriles Svilebi ga-mxdaran iZulebulni mahmadianoba mieGoT. xalxuri gadmocemiT, es axvledianebi, ase ambobdnen: axvlediani kirisiloGlebi, xalxuri etimologiiT, axvlediani kiriles Svilebi iKvnen, STamomavlebi _ muslimanebi, magram axvledianebi da qarTvelebi _ es ambebi Caweri-li iKo 80 wels miGweuli oJaxis mamis da xelmZGvanelis arif ax-vledianisagan gasuli saukunis 60-ian wlebSi: `maGal gorakze gadmomdgari orsarTuliani saxlis aivnidan baTumi da lurJad mo-livlive zGva mosCans~. aseTi iKo msuKe saxlis ezo-kar-midamo gura-miSvilis quCaze (loria 1967: 3).

1 CauSi _ sulTnis piradi gvardiis kategoria, samxedro oficerTa wodeba sifhaiebisa da ianiCrebs Soris. osmalTa saxelmwifoSi sxvadasxva maGali Tanamdebobis Semsrulebeli piri. CauSebi igzavnebodnen elCebad, brZanebebi mihqondaT vilaieTebSi. emsaxurebodnen divanis sxdomebs, laSqris meTaurTa gankargulebebi mihqondaT razmebis meTaurebTan da sxva Sengelia n. 1987:286).

2 subaSi _ subaSebis ori mTavari kategoria iKo: 1. saxelmwifo subaSiebi, e.w `miri subaSi~; 2. Timaris subaSi. pirveli kategoria qalaqebSi sapolicio saqmianobas ganagebda. maT xelqveiTebsac subaSi ewodebodaT. meore kategoriis subaSi iKo samxedro feodali, romelic mSvidobian periodSi cixe-simagreebSi iJda da ganagebda, xolo omis dros feodalur laSqars meTaurobda. mis razmSi 250-300 sifahi Sedioda. igi am SemTxvevaSi alaibegs emorCileboda. subaSebi iKvnen regularul JarSic, romelTa movaleobas Seadgenda disciplinisa da wesrigis ganmtkiceba. mSvidobian periodSi ki gadasaxadebis asakrebad igzavnebodnen (Sengelia n. 1987:283).


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samxedro valdebuleba privilegirebulobis safuZveli da ni-Sani iKo evropaSi (CxataraiSvili 1979: 3). aseve iKo is _ saqarTve-loSic. iv. JavaxiSvilis sitKviT, saqarTveloSi feodalizmis dros `laSqarSi Kofna da samsaxuri marto moqalaqeobrivi movaleoba ki ar iKo, aramed sapatio da saamaKo uflebad iTvleboda Koveli ke-TilSobil mamakacisaTvis (JavaxiSvili 1928: 61). momdevno xanebSic (XII-XIII) s-Ta monakveTze molaSqreoba rom privilegia da pativi iKo, es vefxistKaosnisdanac kargad Cans. poemis mixedviT (mSromels, glexs) sxva sazogadoebrivi funqcia aqvs, molaSqres _ sxva:

`raca vis ra bedman misces, dasJerdes da mas ubnobdes muSa miwKiv muSakobdes, meomari gulovnebdes~ (rusTaveli 1991: 3) laSqris socialuri Semadgenloba sazogadoebis ekonomikuri

polarizaciiTac iKo ganpirobebuli. feodaluri sazogadoebis Kve-laze mravalricxovani nawili _ glexoba moklebuli iKo molaSqre-obis ekonomikur SesaZleblobas, xeli ar miuwvdeboda ZviradGire-bul samxedro aGyurvilobaze da arc laSqrad Kofnisas Tavis rCena SeeZlo (Дельбрюк 1933: 59).

warCinebul sagvareulos didi Tanamdeboba _ sardloba eyira. axvledianTa sasardlos arsebobaze imereTis laSqarSi mogviTxrobs iseTi istoriuli wKaro, rogoricaa `qarTlis cxovreba~. XVIII sau-kunis meore naxevramde imereTis samefoSi oTxi sasardlo arsebob-da: rayis, argveTis, vakisa da okriba-leCxumis, amaTgan okriba-leCxu-mis sasardlo moicavda laSxiSvilebis, inasariZeebisa da axvlediane-bis saTavadoebs (soselia 1973: 223) (ix. danarTi #2). sardlis (Tanamdebobis) boZeba aSkarad Tavadobaze miuTiTebda, sxva saxeli ki Tavadsac SeiZleboda hqonoda da aznaursac (guriis TavadTa da aznaurTa oJaxebi, 1993: 11).

antikuri xanis saqarTveloSi, rogorc amas arqeologiuri ga-Txrebis eyvmiutaneli monacemebi gviCveneben, sazogadoebis klasob-rivi deferenciacia, ise Sors iKo wasuli, rom man asaxva hpova qar-Tul samxedro organizaciaSic. am sakiTxebze metad saKuradGebo da dokumenturad dasabuTebuli mosazrebebia gamoTqmuli arqeolog i. gagoSiZis naSromebSi. misi sitKviT Zv. w. VI-V saukuneTa samarov-nebze (mag.: beSTaSeni) `bevria sabrZolo iaraGi~, magram Zv. w. V sa-ukunis Sua wlebisa da momdevno xanis mravalricxovan samarovnebze ki iaraGi srulebiT ar gvxdeba (gagoSiZe 1964: 80).

adreantkuri xanis samarovnebSi ìaraGis masobrivi gaqroba~ da-maxasiaTebelia mTeli saqarTvelos barisaTvis (iqve gv. 79). s. JanaSiam


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am faqtSi socialuri Sinaarsi dainaxa da igi mcxeTis gaqalaqebas da-ukavSira, i. gogoSiZis azriT, àm movlenaSi ufro meti unda davina-xoT, vidre calkeuli punqtebis gaqalaqeba (gagoSiZe 1964: 79), rad-gan roca samarovnebze iaraGi srulebiT aGar gvxdeba, mdidrul mama-kacTa samarxebSi sabrZolo iaraGi uxvadaa Catanebuli (iqve, gv. 80).

i. gagoSiZis azriT, romelic imowmebs ra s. JanaSias dakvirve-bas da b. kuftinis faqtobriv monacems, dasZens: Znelia im sazoga-doebaSi, sadac amgvari dapirispireba Cans, ar davinaxoT klasobrivi sazogadoeba, sadac iaraGi da masTan Zalauflebac sazogadoebis ga-rkveuli, uflebrivad da ekonomikurad dawinaurebuli wris, fenis xelSia (iqve, gv. 80).

Jer kidev studenti xariton axvlediani Tsu-Sive dauaxlovda n. berZeniSvils. n. berZeniSvili Cveuli KuradGebiT ismenda damwKebi mkvlevaris pirvel mosazrebebs da aqezebda mas Semdgomi mecnieruli muSaobisaTvis. masac bevri ram surda moesmina xarito-nisagan maxinJaurel axvledianTa warsulze (sixaruliZe 1974: 18).

am gadmocemis zogierTi Cveneba x. axvledianis Zmis, arifis TqmiT, 1967 wels Cauweria da gamouqveKnebia mweral parmen lorias gazeT `sabyoTa ayaraSi~ saxelwodebiT àlxamuSis nasaxlarze~. mo-gvianebiT es gadmocema arif axvledianisganve Cauweria i. sixaruli-Zesac axvledianTa im Stos STamomavlobiTi xe, romelsac istori-kosi xariton axvlediani ekuTvnoda. am gadmocemiT, xsovnaSi Semona-xul uZveles winapars alxamuSi rqmevia. mas TiTqos erTi vaji (kiri-le) hKolia. am ukanasknelis Svilebi ukve iZulebulni gamxdaran mah-madianoba mieGoT (xusein, axmed). ufross ori vaji (salix, memi) Se-Zenia, xolo pirvel maTgans salixs _ oTxi (axmed, memed-quCuk, xuse-in), mesame (memed-quCuki) xaritonis babua iKo da ori vaji (axmedi da ismaili) hKavda.

zemoT naxseneb mamulismflobelobis sigelSi ewera uflebebi da movaleobebi, Tu ra evaleboda memamules, anu Sesabamisi miwis mflobels, mesakuTres. ase magaliTad, jandarmerias ar hqonda ma-mulSi unebarTvod Sesvlis ufleba, omis dros memamules evalebo-da Jaris gamoKvana saomrad, JarSi iunkerebad iwvevdnen memamuleTa Svilebs da sxva. aqve moviKvaT ramdenime gadmocemas maxinJaurel ax-vledianebze.

ufrosi Taobis axvledianebisagan cnobilia, roca Turqebs datKvevebuli qemal JinyaraZe mihKavdaT TurqeTis JarSi samsaxurisa-Tvis, xusein-aGa axvledians gauTavisuflebia tKve da Turqebs damuq-rebia kidevac. sad migKavT? vin mogcaT ufleba? im Tqven gatenil va-


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lis1 uTxariT meti aGar gabedos aseTi ram da aqedan wavideso~. xu-sein-aGam mere tKves mimarTa: `Sen, qemal, saxlSi wadio~. dabneuli Ja-riskacebi ukan gabrunebulan. es ambavi gadmogvca aziz axvledianma, romelic mas babuis monaTxrobidan axsovda. es istoriuli gadmoceme-bi (sxvac bevri, xazgasma Cvenia _ n. a.) maxinJaurSi am gvaris didi xnis mkvidrobas adasturebs. marTlac sakmarisi iKo axvledianebis ma-mulSi fexi Semoedga nebismier ltolvils, mas xels veGaravin axleb-da. es icodnen kidevac da saSvelad modiodnen. amasTan dakavSirebiT gavixsenebT kidev erT namdvil ambavs 78 wlis, maxinJauris mkvidris, niaz axvledianis cnobiT, roca bejaniZeebs xalxma olqa mouwKo, daax-loebiT es iKo 1800-1850 ww., Tavadi bejaniZeebi dedis mxridan ximSi-aSvilebis biZaSvilebi iKvnen da Tavis dasacavad imalebodnen Tamaris cixeSi, dGevandeli `Tamaris dasaxlebis~-s teritoriaze. xalxis ris-xvisagan bejaniZeebi xusein axvledianma da misma meuGlem dindile xa-numma (romelic afxazi Tavadis emxvaris asuli iKo) ixsnes. dindile xanums saymel-sanovage Sehqonda cixeSi, roca es ambavi gaigo dasaxma-reblad wamosulma Serif ximSiaSvilma, gzad Sikriki gamogzavna ambis gasagebad, Tu vis mxares iKvnen axvledianebi, roca Serif-begi da-rwmunda, rom axvledianebi bejaniZeebs gverdiT edgnen, mobrunebula da ukan wasula saxlSi, aq Kvelaferi kargad iqnebao.

Tavadis damaxasiaTebel atributs qonebrivi TvalsazrisiT, Kma-mamulTan erTad, cixe-simagris floba warmoadgenda. feodalur epoqaSi cixes didi mniSvneloba hqonda (soselia 1966: 38). studen-tobis dros xariton axvledianma sagvareulo gadmocemasTan erTad, maTi Zveli `Jixuris~ adgil-samKofelic icoda (sixaruliZe iqve: 18). es adgili dGemde cnobilia maxinJaureli axvledianebisaTvis. `Jixuri~ megrul-lazuri warmoSobis sitKvaa da sitKvasitKviT saci-xurs niSnavs, sadac axvledianebs 40-50 kacis SemadgenlobiT Jari hKavdaT, romelTa yama-sma da aGyurva, axvledianebs evalebodaT da sayiroebis SemTxvevaSi sabrZlolvelad gahKavdaT.

qveKnis feodaluri daSlilobis Semdgom gaGrmavebas warmoad-genda dasavleT saqrTvelos samefo-samTavroebSi saTavadoebis CamoKalibeba. es procesi dawKebuli XIV saukunis dasasruls samefo-samTavroebis saboloo formirebis paralelurad da mis Semdeg XVIII saukuneSic mimdinareobda (soselia 1966: 37).

1 vali _ olqis mmarTveli, osmaleTSi vilaieTis gamgebels _ beglarbegs vali ewodeboda. vali iKo mosazGvre teritoriebis gamgebeli, umaGlesi Tanamdeboba feodalur aGmosavleTSi. qarTl-kaxeTis mefeebi iranis Sahisagan valis titulis matareblebi iKvnen (Sengelia 1987: 265).


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Tavadoba aznaurebs ufro gvian XV saukuneSi gamoeKo. manamde mTeli gabatonebuli klasi aznaurebiT iKo warmodgenili, romel-Tac e. w. `taxtis aznaurebi~ erqvaT, maT nacvlad darCa aznauri. TavadTa wodebis CamoKalibeba XV saukuneSi moxda. Tavdapirvelad sitKva `Tavadi~ wodebrivi mniSvnelobiT ar ixmareboda, XI-XIII sauku-neebSi am sitKviT Kovelgvari moTave aGiniSneboda. XVI saukunidan `dideba~ memkvidreobiT kuTvnilebad iqceva da am droidan Tavado-bac ukve wodebriobis xasiaTs Gebulobs (saqarTvelos istoria, 1946: 298-299; kakabaZe 1921: 9, 19, 26, 33; TaKaiSvili 1909: 373). `dideba~ _ mefis mier aznaurTaTvis didi saxelosa (Tanamdeboba) da misi Sesaferisi Kma-mamulis boZebas erqva. didebaminiyebul azna-urs didebuli aznauri ewodeboda (berZeniSvili 1990: 100-103).

dasavleT saqarTveloSi TavadTa Semdeg gvarebs vxdebiT: imere-Tis samefoSi (raya-leCxumis CaTvliT) _ abaSiZe, axvlediani, Kifiani, mxeiZe, wereTeli, CxeiZe, erisTavi (rayis da imereTis), lorTqifaniZe, nijaraZe, GoGoberiZe, wulukiZe, iaSvili, JafariZe, inasariZe, laSxiSvi-li, miqelaZe, CiJavaZe, agiaSvili, finezisSvili (abaSiZeTa Sto), GabuaS-vili, anu gabuaSvili (abaSiZeTa Sto) (soselia 1966:46). zemoT Camo-Tvlili monacemebi eKrdnoba pirvelwKaroebs, dokumentur masalebs da TavadTa sagvareulo sabuTebs. maTi udidesi nawili gamouqveKnebelia da inaxeba sxvadasxva arqivsacavebSi (soselia iqve: 17).

aGsaniSnavia, axvledianebis, CiJavaZeebis, miqelaZeebis axlo na-Tesaoba maxinJaurSi. CiJavaZeebi da miqelaZeebi dediT axvledianebi arian (sixaruliZe 1974:19)

maxinJaurSi dGemde axsovT axvledianebis miwebi: axlandeli gu-banovis teritoria, romlis Zveli saxelwodeba, aziz axvledianis cnobiT, aris òJinJi~. ase, maxinJaurSi arsebuli rusulenvani tiponi-mebis qveS maTi ZirZveli qarTuli saxelwodebebis aGdgena SeiZleba. eseni muhaJirobis dros an Zalad gasaxlebis xarJze datovebuli ax-vledianebis miwebi iKo maxinJaurSi. mkvlevari aziz axvlediani ixse-nebs sakuTari babuis gadmocemas, roca grigol gurieli aTasgvar sa-naxaobas marTavda imisaTvis, rom aqauri mkvidrni TurqeTSi ar gada-saxlebuliKvnen, amasTan Txovda kidevac maT sakuTar mamulSi darCe-nas. gansakuTrebuli siaxlove maxinJaurel axvledianebs (kirisi-loGlebs) gurielebTan hqondaT.

mefis mTavroba cdilobda ayaris sanapiro zolidan aeKara adgi-lobrivi mkvidrni da ruseTis guberniebidan xalxi aq gadmoesaxlebia. maT es ganzrava Seasrules kidec. ase gaCnda maxinJaurSi litvinovi, gubanovi, fesinkovi, smirnovi da sxva. mTeli Savi zGvis sanapiroze


11

rusma kolonizatorebma daiwKes agarakebis aSeneba. ase daiwKo Sa-vizGvispireTis saukeTeso miwebis dataceba. dataceba im mxareebisa, romelsac didi mniSvneloba hqonda istoriulad (baTumsa da mis mida-moebs), ar marto misi navsadgomiT vayrobis TvalsazrisiT, aramed misi bunebiTac. baTumisa da misi midamoebis lamazi mdebareoba, misi Sesa-niSnavi hava da subtropikuli xexiliani kordebis siuxve xiblavda Ta-visken izidavda Kvela dampKrobels da Kvela mis xelSi Cagdebas lamob-da (asea dGesac, xazgasma Cvenia _ n. a). ruseTis carizmis koloniuri politikis gamoxatuleba iKo isic, rom 1894wels muhaJirebis miwebi da soflebi komlebiTurT Caricxul iqna saxelmwifo fondSi (axvle-diani-kirisiloGli 1944: 221-223).

aqve moviKvanT baTumis saxelmwifo arqivSi dacul sabuTebs ax-vledianebis (kirisiloGlebis) miwaTmflobelobis Sesaxeb maxinJaurSi. 1880 wlis 14 oqtombriT daTariGebul sabuTSi vkiTxulobT: maxinJau-reli kirisiloGlebi: `...Кирисиль-оглы Кочуг-Ага, Кирисиль-оглы Гусейн-Ага, дочери Гусейн-Аги Фатьмы, Падины, дочери Расан-Али, Ломан-Ага, Маир Чоуш, Ариф-Ага, и Гусейн-Ага, Меми-Ага оглы... Помянутыми недвижимыми имениями владеют бесспорно-наследственно более тридцати лет, на праве полной и исключительной собственности, вне всякого стороннего участия и кроме их, к имениям этим других наследников или претендентов нет~ (baTumis centraluri arqivi, fondi #4-10).

1914 wlis 23 martiT daTariGebul sabuTSi vkiTxulobT: `Мы ниже сего подписавшиеся жители селен Махинджаури Кинтришскаго участка Батумскаго округа и области, сим удостоверяем, что участок земли лежащее в сел. Махинджаури, под названием «Абано» действително состовляет полную собственность односельцев наших Ахмед-Ага и Исмаина-Ага Кирисил-оглы, каковой находится в их фактическом владении и пользовании с давних пор ещё при турецком владычестве, владеем по настоящее время, на основании местных законов о земновладении~. masala amoGebulia baTumis saxelmwifo arqividan da damwmebulia im droindeli baTumis notariusis kazimir kazimi-ris Ze pruskis mier (baTumis centraluri arqivi, fondi #1).

axvledianTa miwaTmflobelobas maxinJaurSi adasturebs 1901 wlis 5 apriliT gacemuli mowmobebi, romlebic pirad sagvareulo arqivebSia daculi. xariton axvledianis pirad arqivSi vkiTxulobT: `lazistanis liva, baTumis kaza (Kaza) osmaluri administraciuli daKofiT sanJaKSi Semavali mcire administraciuli erTeuli. kazas Tanamedrove saxelwodeba _ ilCea (Sengelia 1987: 272), sofeli ma-xinJauri: miwis mepatrone quCuk-aGa kirisiloGli, sabuTs xels awers lazistanis livas ganKofilebis ufrosi mehmed emini. sabuTi


12

damtkicebulia umaGles xelisufalTa mier da aravis aqvs ufleba maT Seexon~. sabuTi TariGdeba 1204 wliT, hiJris daaxloebiT 1879 weli (miwaTmflobelobis sagvareulo sabuTebi, xariton axvledia-nis piradi arqivi #2), Tumca amas garda, miwebis didi nawili ko-leqtivizaciis periodSi maxinJaurel axvledianebs CamoarTves.

cnobilia, isic roca ruseTis mTavrobas baTumis mimarTule-biT rkinigza gahKavda dGevandeli maxinJauris teritoriaze, rome-lic axvledianTa samosaxlo iKo, mTavrobam mwvane koncxidan axal gvirabamde adgilis sanacvlod axvledianebs kaxaberSi da dGevande-li Tamaris dasaxlebis teritoriaze miwa aCuqa. dGevandeli maxinJa-uris sanapiros 200 heqtarze meti waGebuli aqvs zGvas. maxinJauris mkvidrni 76 wlis anzor sixaruliZe ixsenebs im dros, roca sanapi-ro maxinJaurSi gacilebiT Sors iKo: àq sanapiroze didi mindori iKo~. adre aq axvledianebs brinJi da simindi mohKavdaT. baTumSi rkinigza 1883 wlis 11 maiss gaiKvanes (ayaristani 1928: 77).

mkvlevari aziz axvlediani erT-erT sagazeTo statiaSi werda, Tu rogor gaumaspinZldnen axvledianebi maxinJaurSi (sasireKelze) imerTa mefes da mis amalas imerel TavadebTan da rostom guriel-Tan erTad da rogor moixibla mefe SevardniT, romelic caSi ira-os akeTebda. mefes aGfrTovanebiT wamouZaxia: `_oh, ra Sevardenia~-o. `_geaxlebaT~-o, nela warmoTqva alxamuS axvledianma. man kargad icoda, rom ombalurze, Jvarze, oGiaze da sxvagan gawafuli biyebi hKavda specialur qoxebSi miminos badeTi da aseT SemTxvevas xeli-dan ar gauSvebdnen. cota xanSi mefe Tavze usvamda xels cecxlis-mfrqvevel Sevardens da kmaKofilebiT iKureboda alxamuSisaken: `_saaxvledianodan erTi rema rom mogerTmiaT, ase ver dagifasebdi, rogorc amas, am Sevardens~-o, uTqvams mefes da igi moaxloebuli bazierisaTvis gadaucia (axvlediani 1991: 2).

maxinJaurSi dGesac SemorCenilia miminos sayeri qoxebi. bazie-roba sakmaod rTul saqmed iTvleboda. igi moiTxovda did codna-gamocdilebas, frinvelTa nadiroba xarJebTan iKo dakavSirebuli da ubralo mokvdavs misi gaweva ar SeeZlo. esec erTi piroba iKo imisa, rom frinvelT nadiroba feodalTa privilegia iKo (CxataraiSvili 1979: 195).

gadmocemebi da istoriuli sabuTebi mravlad mogvepoveba, Tumca amJerad aq SevCerdebiT da davZenT: ase rudunebiT gamoatara gvarma Tavis winaprebze Tqmuleba-gadmocemebi. aseTi istoriis mqone gvars, romlis STamomavlebmac Svidi Taobis winandeli winapris sa-xeli da saqmeni ician, gadaSeneba ar uweriaT, uflis sadideblad.


13


14


15

literaturaliteraturaliteraturaliteratura axaxaxaxvlevlevlevledidididiaaaani ni ni ni 1971197119711971 _ a. axvlediani, orTabaTumi, etimologiuri

SeniSvna, jurnali `yoroxi~, #2, baT., 1971. axaxaxaxvlevlevlevledidididiaaaani ni ni ni 1991199119911991 _ a. axvlediani, `Sevardeni sasireKelze~, ga-

zeTi `sabyoTa ayara~, baT., 1991. axaxaxaxvlevlevlevledidididiaaaanininini1999199919991999 _ g. axvlediani, zogadi fonetikis safuZ-

vlebi, sulxan-saba orbelianis saxelobis Tbilisis saxelmwifo pe-dagogiuri universitetis gamomcemloba, Tb., 1999.

axaxaxaxvlevlevlevledidididiaaaani ni ni ni 1944194419441944 _ x. axvlediani (kirisiloGli), nakvevi aya-ris istoriidan (me-16-19 saukuneebi), ayaris saxelmwifo gamomcem-loba, baT., 1944.

ayaayaayaayarisrisrisristatatatanininini, , , , 1928 1928 1928 1928 _ n. lorTqifaniZe, ayaristani (geografiu-li narkvevi), q. baTomi, 1928.

baTumis saxelmwifo arqivi, sabuTi #94. berberberberZeZeZeZeniSniSniSniSvivivivili li li li 1990199019901990 _ n. berZeniSvili, saqarTvelos istoriis

sakiTxebi, me-2 gamocema, Tb., 1990. gagagagagogogogoSiSiSiSiZe Ze Ze Ze 1964196419641964 _ i. gagoSiZe, adreantikuri xanis Zeglebi

qsnis xeobidan, Tb., 1964. guriis TavadTa da aznaurTa oJaxebiguriis TavadTa da aznaurTa oJaxebiguriis TavadTa da aznaurTa oJaxebiguriis TavadTa da aznaurTa oJaxebi, , , , 1993 1993 1993 1993 _ guriis

TavadTa da aznaurTa oJaxebi, fototipiuri gamocema zurab yumburiZisa da qveli CxataraiSvilis redaqciiT, gamomcemloba `mecniereba~, Tb., 1993.

TaKaiSTaKaiSTaKaiSTaKaiSvivivivili li li li 1909190919091909 _ e. TaKaiSvili, saqarTvelos siZveleni, to-mi I, Tb., 1909.

kakakakakakakakababababaZe Ze Ze Ze 1921192119211921 _ s. kakabaZe, saqarTvelos saeklesio sabuTebi, w. I, Tb. 1921.

lolololoria ria ria ria 1967196719671967 _ p. loria, alxamuSis nasaxlarze, gazeTi `sa-byoTa ayara~, 5 dekemeri, baT., 1967.

mamamamaiiiisusususurarararaZe Ze Ze Ze 1990199019901990 _ i. maisuraZe, qarTuli gvarsaxelebi (saleq-sikono bibliografiuli masalebi), gamomcemloba `saqinformkino~, Tb. 1990.

rusrusrusrusTaTaTaTaveveveveli li li li 1991199119911991 _ S. rusTaveli, `vefxisKaosani~, gamomcemlo-ba `laSari~, Tb. 1991.

rurururusulsulsulsul----franfranfranfranguguguguli leqli leqli leqli leqsisisisikokokokonininini, , , , 1948194819481948 _ rusul-franguli leq-sikoni, Semdgeneli _ v. v. potockaia, mesame Sesworebuli gamocema, gamomcemloba `moskovi~, 1948.

sasasasaqarqarqarqarTveTveTveTvelos islos islos islos istotototoriariariaria, , , , 1946194619461946 _ saqarTvelos istoriis sa-xelmZGvanelo, I, Tb., 1946.


16

sisisisixaxaxaxarurururulilililiZe Ze Ze Ze 1974197419741974 _ i. sixaruliZe, xariton axvlediani, baT., 1974.

sososososeseseselia lia lia lia 1966196619661966 _ o. soselia, feodaluri xanis dasavleT sa-qarTvelos istoriidan, Tb., 1966.

sososososeseseselia lia lia lia 1973197319731973 _ o. soselia, narkvevebi feodaluri xanis da-savleT saqarTvelos socialur-politikuri istoriidan, Tb., 1973.

sulsulsulsulxanxanxanxan----sasasasababababa, , , , leqleqleqleqsisisisikokokokoni qarni qarni qarni qarTuTuTuTulililili, , , , 1991199119911991----1993199319931993 _ sulxan-saba orbeliani, leqsikoni qarTuli, wigni I-II, gamomcemloba `merani~, Tb., 1991-1993.

frfrfrfranananangulgulgulgul----qarqarqarqarTuTuTuTuli leqli leqli leqli leqsisisisikokokokonininini, , , , 1998 1998 1998 1998 _ n. qadeiSvili, n. wula-Ze _ kalatozi, c. axvlediani, c. bibileiSvili, d. meliqiSvili, frangul-qarTuli leqsikoni, I tomi, gamomcemloba `medea~, Tb., 1998.

franfranfranfrangulgulgulgul----rurururususususuli leqli leqli leqli leqsisisisikokokokonininini,,,, 2000 2000 2000 2000 _ frangul-rusuli leq-sikoni da rusul-franguli leqsikoni, Semdgeneli _ v. p. grabov-ski, moskovi, 2000.

qarqarqarqarTlis cxovTlis cxovTlis cxovTlis cxovrererereba ba ba ba _ _ _ _ 1973197319731973 _ vaxuSti batoniSvili, qarTlis cxovreba, tomi IV, s. KauxCiSvilis redaqciiT, Tb. 1973.

qeglqeglqeglqegl...., , , , 1964 1964 1964 1964 _ qarTuli enis ganmartebiTi leqsikoni, Tb., 1964.

quTaisis mxareTmcodneobis muzeumi, sabuTi #1101. SeSeSeSengengengengelia lia lia lia 1987198719871987_ n. Sengelia, XVI-XVIII saukuneebis osmaluri

dokumenturi wKaroebi, wigni I, Turquli teqsti qarTuli Targma-niT, Tbilisis universitetis gamomcemloba, Tb., 1987.

CxaCxaCxaCxatatatatararararaiSiSiSiSvivivivili li li li 1979197919791979 _ q. CxataraiSvili, narkvevebi samxedro saqmis istoriidan feodalur saqarTveloSi, Tb., 1979.

yavyavyavyavyayayayavavavavaZe Ze Ze Ze 1987198719871987 _ i. yavyavaZe, rCeuli nawerebi, gamomcemloba `sabyoTa saqarTvelo~, Tb., 1987.

JaJaJaJavavavavaxiSxiSxiSxiSvivivivili li li li 1928192819281928 _ iv. JavaxiSvili, qarTuli samarTlis isto-ria, w. II, nakv. I, Tb. 1928.

Бочкарёв 1940 1940 1940 1940 _ Военный турецко-русский и русско-турецкий словарь. Составил Б. С. Бочкарёв, Москва, 1940.

Дельбрюк 1933193319331933 _ Г. С. Дельбрюк, История военного искусства, III, Москва, 1933.

Магазаник 1931193119311931 _ Турецко-русский словарь. Составил Д. А Магазаник, Москва, 1931 1931 1931 1931.

Советский энциклопедический словарь, 1987 _ Советский энциклопедический словарь, четвёртое издание, Москва, 1987.


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Унбегаун 1989 _ Б. О. Унбегаун. Русские фамилии, перевод с английского, общая редакция Б. А. Успенского. Москва, 1989.

Akhvlediani Nargiz

The Origin of one surname in Adjara

S u m m a r y According to the family tradition, one of the crusader armour-bearer

Akhvlediani liked this place and settled in Makhinjauri when he returned from the

crusade. Naturally in the crusade armoured people took part. The aim of our paper is

to present the history of one surname in Adjara that lived in Makhinjauri.

Makhinjauri Akhvledians are the descendants of Alkhamusha Akhvlediani, person

originally from Lechkhumi, who was one of the last Christians in Makhinjauri.

Local Akhvledians believe that he was their head and ancestor and we trust in

this fact – wrote the newspaper “Soviet Adjara” (December, 5, 1967).

In period of Turk domination in Adjara, to this surname was added “Ogli”,

like other families in Adjara. This is the Turkish term. For example: Akhvlediani –

Kirisilogli. It is known that “ogli” in Turkish means “son” and, to our mind, comes

from the initial from “Kiragir”, where on first stage occurred the dissimilation

between the sonorous r-r and l-l (Akhvlediani p. 1999: 205-206). In this situation we

got “kirasir” - “kirasil” by the progressive distant dissimilation. If this point of view

in exact, then on the other stage we have the situation with the full progressive

distant assimilation, namely with synharmony that is the harmony of vowels, that is

often registered in different languages, but for the most part it is characteristic for

the Turkish language. Finally we have to deal with the palatalisation of the

following vowel, where the assimilant is “i” and assimilated – “a”: “kirasil” –

“kirisil”. If we go back to the initial form “kirasir”, according to the Russian-Turkish

and Turkish-Russian military dictionary, we find the next explanation: “kirasir-

cebec” (djebedji) the word of Persian origin, and in the Georgian dictionary this


18

word is explained as: “djabadar” – the same as amour-bearer. As a result, kirisogli

were the descendants of the arnour-bearer (probably). This point of view supports

the family tradition about armour-bearer Akhvlediani.

The surname Kirisogli – is the result of one epoch, of the Turkish domination

(Akhvlediani armour-bearer is translated into Turkish-Kirisogli-Akhvlediani and

surname Akhvlediani is of very distant past origin. Analogically originated the

surnames Sambashogli (Subashogli), Chaushogli and so on.

In the paper we have used historical documents dated back to 14.04.1880 and

23.03.1914 concerning landownership of Akhvlediani in Makhinjauri, that was

certified by Batumi notary kazimir Kazemirovich Pruski. The abovementioned

documents is ket in the Archives management of Batumi.

Such is our experiment of explaining one surname in Adjara.

ØÀÒÈÅÄËÖÒ ÄÍÀÈÀ ÓÔÒÖØÔÖÒÉÓ ÓÀÊÉÈáÄÁÉ. X. 2009

lia bakuraZelia bakuraZelia bakuraZelia bakuraZe

Tvisebisa da ricxvis eqspresiuli gamoxatvis

SemTxvevebi ----obaobaobaoba sufiqsian saxelebSi

Koveli ena Taviseburad anawevrebs samKaros da Cvens warmosax-vaSi samKaro arsebobs iseTi, rogorsac gvaZlevs igi. azrovnebasa da samKaros Soris mimarTeba aisaxeba enaSi (Ciqobava, 1938).

abstraqtuli saxeli aris Sedegi eTnosis koleqtiuri gonis xangrZlivi dakvirvebisa samKaros Sinagan da garegan gamovlinebaze. abstraqtul cnebebSi gamoiKofa da ganzogaddeba ara sagnebi, ara-med maTi Tvisebebi da mimarTebebi.

konkretuli saxeli ki aris Sedegi materialuri, realuri sa-gnebis ganzogadebisa.

a. SaniZis ganmartebiT àbstraqtuli (ganKenebuli) saxeli aGniSnavs iseT rames, romelsac nivTieri saxe ar gaaCnia. mag. sico-cxle, gulwrfeloba, simSvide da sxv. xolo konkretuli saxeli, aGniSnavs arsebas an iseT fizikur obieqts, romelsac grZnobaTa organoebiT aGviqvamT.

krebiTia saxeli, romelic aGniSnavs adamianTa, cxovelTa da frinvelTa krebuls, rogoricaa xalxi, eri, studentoba, Jogi~ (Sa-niZe, 1973)

qarTulSi saKuradGeboa abstraqtuli -obaobaobaoba sufiqsiani saxele-bisa da aseve -obaobaobaoba sufiqsiani krebiTi saxelebis mimarTeba.

axalaxalaxalaxalgazgazgazgazrdordordordoba karba karba karba kargi droagi droagi droagi droa. axalaxalaxalaxaldazdazdazdazrdordordordoba Seba Seba Seba Seikikikikriririribabababa. b. JorbenaZis azriT, am tipis abstraqtul saxelebs konteqst-

Si konkretuli mniSvneloba aqvT. stustustustudendendendentotototobabababa SeiZleba gulisxmob-des garkveul periods an sxva SemTxvevaSi studentTa Tvisobriv da raodenobriv erTobliobas. maTi es zogadi mniSvneloba enobrivis farglebs gareT devs (JorbenaZe, 1993).

-obaobaobaoba sufiqsi abstraqtul cnebebs gamoxatavs, mas safuZvlad udevs konkretuli gageba, romelTanac dakavSirebulia abstraqtuli cneba. mag. cneba adaadaadaadamimimimiaaaanisnisnisnis safuZvelze SeiZleba SevqmnaT cneba adaadaadaada----

Ë . Á À Ê Ö Ò À Þ Ä 20

mimimimiaaaanonononobabababa,,,, romlis zogadi maxasiaTebelic iqneba _ iKoiKoiKoiKo adaadaadaadamimimimiaaaanininini ((((adaadaadaadamimimimiaaaanadnadnadnad KofKofKofKofnananana)))); arsebobs Tviseba adamianuri qmedebisa sasasasamarmarmarmar----TliTliTliTliaaaanonononobabababa _ iKo samarTliani; ZmoZmoZmoZmobabababa _ iKo Zma.

oficoficoficoficrorororobabababa, axalaxalaxalaxalgazgazgazgazrdordordordobabababa, , , , stustustustudendendendentotototobabababa, , , , eqieqieqieqimomomomobabababa gamoxataven kuTvnilebas romelime kategoriisadmi, romelsac aqvs mudmivi, da Zalian saxasiaTo niSnebi. amdenad, isini iZenen simravlis gagebasac.

qarTuli enis dialeqtebSi davadastureT formebi, romlebic mxolod Tvisebis intensivobas, TvisebiT msgavsebas gamoxataven. pata-ra bavSvs bebia moferebiT uxmobs: `modi, qaqaqaqalolololobavbavbavbav, CemTan!~

-obaobaobaoba sufiqsiani abstraqtuli saxelebi gvxdeba Zvel qarTul werilobiT ZeglebSic:

ese xelxelxelxelmwimwimwimwifofofofobabababa Sen mogxvdebis srulsa xorasanisa, eraKisa (visramiani).

Zvelsave qarTulSi iSviaTad, magram mainc gvxvdeba -obaobaobaoba sufiq-siT nawarmoebi krebiTi saxelebic:

smides da gaixarebdis, iKo didebulTa JJJJaaaalalalalabobobobobabababa (visramiani). Koveli musmusmusmuslilililimamamamanonononobabababa brZanebasa Tqvensa morCilebdes da mzesa

Tqvensa ficevdes (visramiani). sagulisxmoa, rom es formebi (krebiTis funqciiT) pirvelad

davadastureT saero mwerlobaSi, kerZod, "visramianSi", romelic cnobilia mravali enobrivi inovaciiT da, safiqrebelia, im droisa-Tvis sametKvelo qarTulisTvis damaxasiaTebeli formebis siuxviT.

dGes -obaobaobaoba aqtiuri mawarmoebelia krebiTi saxelebisa, romel-Ta elementebic TviTon qmnian erTgvari obieqtebis simravles: stustustustu----dendendendentotototobabababa, , , , axalaxalaxalaxalgazgazgazgazrdordordordobabababa....

bunebrivia, ismis kiTxva: aris Tu ara -obaobaobaoba sufiqsi polifun-qciuri, Tu xdeba -obaobaobaoba sufiqsiani saxelebis mniSvnelobis gadaazria-neba? romelia amosavali: Tvisebis gamoxatva Tu ricxvisa?

gramatikuli ricxvi Tu Tviseba, orive raodenobis kategoriaa, romelic sagnebisa da maTi nawilebis garegnul, formalur urTier-TmimarTebas gamoxatavs: Tvisebas, kavSirs, sidides: zomas, wonas, ricxvs, aseve ama Tu im Tvisebis xarisxs.

amdenad, bunebrivia, sagnebisa Tu movlenebis Tvisobrivi gan-sazGvrac gvaqvs da, piriqiT, Tvisebis maxasiaTebeli gadadis ri-cxobriv maxasiaTebelSi.

vfiqrobT, amosavali am SemTxvevaSi abstraqtuli cnebaa, Tvi-seba, maxasiaTebeli. Tvisebis xarisxis zrda ki TavisTavad iwvevs raodenobriv cvlilebebsac.

ÈÅÉÓÄÁÉÓÀ ÃÀ ÒÉÝáÅÉÓ ÄØÓÐÒÄÓÉÖËÉ ÂÀÌÏáÀÔÅÉÓ ÛÄÌÈáÅÄÅÄÁÉ...

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-obaobaobaoba sufiqsis Tavdapirveli funqciac unda iKos Tvisebis da ara simravlis, ricxvis gamoxatva.

-obaobaobaoba sufiqsiani krebiTi saxelebi xSirad iTxoven msazGvrelad simravlis sisrulis maxasiaTebels mTemTemTemTelililili, radgan, ara mxolod ri-cxvi, aramed garkveuli Tvisebis, maxasiaTeblis simravlea gamoxatu-li konkretuli elementebiT. es procesi Zalian kargad Cans dialeq-tebSi:

mTelmTelmTelmTel gleglegleglexoxoxoxobasbasbasbas gauxarda.... mmmmTeTeTeTelililili axalaxalaxalaxalgazgazgazgazrdordordordobabababa wasulebi iKvnen JarSi. vfiqrobT, am formebs erTdroulad aqvT Tvisebisa da ricxvis

simravlis gamoxatvis unari. Tvisebis simravlis maxasiaTebelia da-niSnuleba, xeloba, garkveuli socialuri mdgomareoba. simravlis Tvisebis maxasiaTeblis xarisxis zrda, faqtrobrivad, raodenobriv-Si gadadis, Tvisebis simravle konkretul saxes iGebs da am konkre-tuli sagnebis erTi maxasiaTebliT Seqmnil sibrtKes gviCvenebs.

-obaobaobaoba sufiqsiani saxelebis saxasiaTo Tvisebis ricxobrivSi gadasvlisaTvis is unda axasiaTebdes mxolod adamianTa klass da am maxasiaTebliT gamoarCios igi sazogadoebis sxva nawilisagan: ofic-roba, glexoba (adamianTa garkveuli socialuri statusi). Tvisebis simravle paralelurad moiazreba rogorc araTvladi simravle (axalgazrdoba _ Tviseba; axalgazrdoba _ simravle am Tvisebis ma-tarebeli xalxisa). mas SeuZlia meoreuli gadaazrianebis Semdeg xelaxla moirgos Tvisebis gageba da axla ukve simravlis sisrule gansazGvros. mTemTemTemTeli axalli axalli axalli axalgazgazgazgazrdordordordoba aq iKoba aq iKoba aq iKoba aq iKo. gamodis, rom ricxvi (araTvladi simravle) da Tviseba monacvleoben erTmaneTSi da ami-tom paralelurad gamoxataven orive kategorias. es eqspresiulobis gamoxatvis erT-erTi saSualebaa enaSi.

-obaobaobaoba sufiqsiani krebiTi saxelebis warmoeba Kvela Ziridan ar xerxdeba. marto simravlis maxasiaTebeli _ xeloba, profesia, sakma-risi ar aris araTvladi simravlis Sesaqmnelad. mag. mxatvroba, da-mlagebloba sulac ar niSnavs mravals da mxolod Tvisebis simrav-lis aGmniSvnelia.

Tvisebis kategoriis ricxviTiT SecvlisaTvis aucilebelia ab-straqtuli saxeli gamoxatavdes kerZo cnebas, iseTi abstraqtuli cneba ki, romelic qveelementebs Seicavs da amdenad SeiZleba mas zogadic vuwodoT, ver gadaazriandeba ricxviT simravled (понятие, 2000).

TavisTavad, am kerZo abstraqtul cnebas safuZvlad udevs kon-kretuli cneba. glexi _ glexoba, veziri _ veziroba, oficeri-


oficroba. simravles qmnian abstraqtuli cnebebi, romlebic miemar-Tebian konkretuls. isini, Tavis mxriv, unda gamoxaton Zireulma, warmoqmnilma Tu nasesxebma saxelebma. maswavlebeli, mxatvari, momGerali saxelzmnebia. -obaobaobaoba sufiqsian abstraqtul cnebebs ki: masmasmasmaswavwavwavwavlebleblebleblolololobabababa, , , , mxatmxatmxatmxatvrovrovrovrobabababa, , , , momomomommmmGGGGererererlolololobabababa da a.S. ar SeuZliaT ri-cxvis kategoriaSi gadasvla.

Tumca unda aGiniSnos isic, rom dGes metKvelebaSi mainc Se-imCneva tendencia konkretul SemTxvevebSi am tipis kerZo abstraq-tuli saxelebi gaazriandes rogorc simravle konkretuli elemen-tebisa: mTelmTelmTelmTelmamamama mxatmxatmxatmxatvrovrovrovrobambambambam aq moiKara Tavi.

qarTuli enis dialeqtebSi, Tavis mxriv, mravlobiTis gamosa-xatavad monacvleobs -obaobaobaoba da -ebebebeb sufiqsi: mTeli xelmwifoba, Kvela xelmwifeebi//mTeli xelmwifeebi, rac imaze metKvelebs, rom -obaobaobaoba su-fiqsiani formebi Tavisuflad Caenacvlebian mravlobiTis -ebebebeb sufiq-sian formebs da, piriqiT, -ebebebeb sufiqsiani saxelebi TiTqos simravlis sisrulis xarisxis gamovlinebiT raodenobrividan Tvisebis katego-riaSi gadadis:

mTemTemTemTelililili nanananadidididirerererebibibibi, , , , mTemTemTemTelililili cxocxocxocxovevevevelelelelebibibibi axveven da yamen. mTemTemTemTeli li li li KKKKvavavavavevevevebibibibi, , , , mTemTemTemTeli frinli frinli frinli frinvevevevelelelelebibibibi,,,, Kvelafers yams. erT dros solomon bZens didi qeifoba qonda. dapatija TeTeTeTeli li li li

xemxemxemxemwiwiwiwifefefefeeeeebi da sovbi da sovbi da sovbi da sovdagdagdagdagrerererebibibibi.... Kvelani Syamen, Kvelani: mTemTemTemTeli xelli xelli xelli xelmwimwimwimwifis mofis mofis mofis mosamsamsamsamsasasasaxuxuxuxurererereeeeebibibibi.... es ori msazGvreli (mTeli da Kvela) am formebze darTviT

ganarCevs Tvlad da araTvlad saganTa simravles. mTelis darTviT -ebebebeb sufiqsiani mravlobiTis formaze Cans enaSi Tvladidan araT-vlad simravleSi gadasvlis tendencia. da piriqiT, -obaobaobaoba sufiqsian sitKvebze darTviT isini araTvlads aqceven Tvlad simravled. zog-Jer dialeqtebSi procesi ise Sors aris wasuli, rom Tvisebis sim-ravles SeiZleba msazGvrelad hqondes ricxviTi saxeli da isev Tvladi simravlis msazGvrelad:

ori komori komori komori komlolololobabababa.... asasasas komkomkomkomlolololobabababa eg arian, ro su Tavebs ar mosulan jera. oTxi amoTxi amoTxi amoTxi amxaxaxaxananananagogogogobabababa morigeobiT Kofila iqa. komloba (komli) simravlea elementebisa, romlebsac erTi ma-

xasiaTebeli aerTianebT. amdenad, ricxviTi saxelis darTva maT gamo-arCevs amave niSniT Seqmnili sxva simravleebisagan.

es ki gvafiqrebinebs, rom raodenobis kategoriebis erTmaneTs Soris monacvleobis procesi uwKvetia da am SemTxvevaSi eqspresiu-lobis xarisxzea damokidebuli.

ÈÅÉÓÄÁÉÓÀ ÃÀ ÒÉÝáÅÉÓ ÄØÓÐÒÄÓÉÖËÉ ÂÀÌÏáÀÔÅÉÓ ÛÄÌÈáÅÄÅÄÁÉ...

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literaturaliteraturaliteraturaliteratura

SaniZeSaniZeSaniZeSaniZe 1973 1973 1973 1973 _ a.SaniZe, qarTuli enis gramatika, Tb, 1973. qarTuli sitKvis kulturis sakiTxebi, VII. Tb, 1985. Ciqobava Ciqobava Ciqobava Ciqobava 1983198319831983 _ arn. Ciqobava, yanur-megrul-qarTuli

SedarebiTi leqsikoni, tf. 1938. JorbenaZeJorbenaZeJorbenaZeJorbenaZe, , , , kobaiZekobaiZekobaiZekobaiZe, , , , beriZe beriZe beriZe beriZe 1988198819881988 _ b. JorbenaZe, m. kobaiZe, m.

beriZe, qarTuli enis morfemebisa da modaluri elementebis leqsikoni, Tbilisi, 1988.

JorbenaZe JorbenaZe JorbenaZe JorbenaZe 1993199319931993 _ b. JorbenaZe, onomastikuri gulani, Tbilisi, 1993.

Лагута 2000 _ Лагута О. Н. Логика и лингвистика, Новосибирск, 2000.

Реферат по Логике на тему: `Понятие~ г. Казань, 2000. Реформатский 1987 _ А, А, Реформатский, число и грамматика,

М.1987. Трофимова 2005 _ У. М. Трофимова, О некоторых аспектах

проявления категоии абстрактность _ конкретность в языке и сознании, Вопр. филологии. 2005.

wKaroebiwKaroebiwKaroebiwKaroebi saJaro biblioTekis saitze (nplg.gov.ge) ganTavsebuli qarTuli

literaturuli Zeglebi; enaTmecnierebis institutis enobriv monacemTa kompiuteruli

damuSavebis ganKofilebaSi daculi dialeqtologiuri teqstebi.


Lia Bakuradze

Cases of Expressional Expressing of Property in the Nouns with the Suffix -oba

Summary

Discussing the quality and relation independing from objects is characteristic features of abstract thinking.

In Georgian one group of abstract nouns is formed by adding -oba suffix (mepoba “reign”; glexoba “peasantry”). Increasing of qualitative degree causes moving of quantitative characteristics to quality. Accordingly, abundance of quality (axalgazrdoba “youth”; ekimoba “doctoring”) has the understanding of uncountable abundance and these forms are percepted as concrete, collective nouns. The proccess of moving the quality into a number is one of the means of expressing. Herewith, it is necessary that the nouns with -oba suffix would belong to a class of human beings and disinguish the group having concrete characteristics from other part of society.

Thus, noun with -oba suffix can fulfill just the same function in a sentence as the nouns with plural -eb suffix:

glexebi šegrovdnen. “The peasants were collected” glexoba šegrovda. “Peasantry was collected.” A determinant mteli “whole” is often added to the latter (mteli glexoba

šegrovda. “Whole peasantry was collected”), which as we believe, is mostly a high degree of characteristics of these people and not a number of noting.

In the modern Georgian dialects -eb and -oba suffixes alternative to each others; e. g.: mteli “whole” can be found even with the nouns with -eb suffix (mteli glexebi šegrovdnen. “ The whole peasants were collected”).

We suppose, that the nouns with -oba and -eb suffixes besides denoting a number, they make the forms expressive.


nomadi barTaianomadi barTaianomadi barTaianomadi barTaia

fereidnuli leqsikidan

Kori

qarTuli enis fereidnul dialeqtSi aris leqsikuri erTeuli KoriKoriKoriKori,,,, misi mniSvnelobaa _ gogo, gogona, qaliSvili.

dasamowmeblad mogvKavs erTi strofi fereidnuli xalxuri leqsidan, romelic 2001 wels Cven mier aris Cawerili fereidanSi:

`quCa-quCa davdivaro, GamiT Sin ar Savdivaro, Cem dedas hgonebia, su KorebKorebKorebKorebSiSiSiSi davdivaro.~ garda fereidnulisa, es sitKva ar dasturdeba arc qarTulsa

da arc im enobriv sivrceSi, sadac fereidnul dialeqts oTxi sau-kunea uxdeba arseboba.

gamomdinare aqedan, misi fesvebi mxolod qarTulSia saZiebeli. warmovadgenT Cvens varauds am sakiTxTan dakavSirebiT. qarTvelur ena-kiloebSi _ svanursa da megrulSi aris leqsi-

kuri erTeuli KerKerKerKer da ‡or ‡or ‡or ‡or,,,, romelTa mniSvnelobebia: Ker Ker Ker Ker ____ nezvi (Tofuria, qaldani 2000) da ‡or ‡or ‡or ‡or ---- dedali Gori (qaJaia 2003).

merab Cuxua qarTulSi savaraudo Kar Kar Kar Kar / KerKerKerKer Zirs dakargu-lad miiCnevs. zanur-svanur formaTa SedarebiT ki savaraudod aGad-gens mis saerTo-qarTvelur arqetips _ *KarKarKarKar---- (`s.-qarTv. *KarKarKarKar---- `nez-vi, dedali Gori~ → qarT. _ : zan. ‡or ‡or ‡or ‡or-i ← *KorKorKorKor-i: svan. KerKerKerKer ← *KarKarKarKar~) (Cuxua 2003, 275).

savaraudoa, saerToqarTveluri Kar Kar Kar Kar / Ker Ker Ker Ker-is fuZe sitKva KofiliKo ara nezvis, dedali Goris, aramed _ mdedris aGmniSvne-li zogadi termini, Semdeg momxdariKo misi danawevreba da fereid-nul dialeqtSi arsebuli KoriKoriKoriKori am gziT miGebuliKo.

Í . Á À Ò È À É À 26

aqve davsZenT, megrulSi sitKva ‡ori‡ori‡ori‡ori aGniSnavs cocxali arse-bis sxva saxeobis _ Tagvis sqessac (`‡or‡or‡or‡or yuki~ _ ~~~~dededededadadadalililili Tagvi~), rac kidev ufro amKarebs varauds, rom KarKarKarKar / KerKerKerKer SeiZleba Kofi-liKo mdedmdedmdedmdedrisrisrisris aGmniSvneli zogadi termini.

amgvarad, SeiZleba vifiqroT, rom qarTuli enis fereidnul dialeqtSi arsebuli leqsikuri erTeuli KoriKoriKoriKori unda momdinareob-des savaraudo saerToqarTveluri Ziridan _ KarKarKarKar----/KerKerKerKer----....

sainteresoa, rom megrulSi ‡oro‡oro‡oro‡orofafafafa niSnavs `siKvaruls~.

lilililiteteteterarararatutututurararara ToToToTofufufufuriariariaria, , , , qalqalqalqaldadadadani ni ni ni 2000200020002000 _ v. Tofuria, m. qaldani, svanuri

leqsikoni, Tbilisi, 2000. qaqaqaqaJia Jia Jia Jia 2003200320032003 _ o. qaJia, megrul-qarTuli leqsikoni, Tbilisi,

2003. CuCuCuCuxua xua xua xua 2000200020002000 _ m. Cuxua, qarTvelur ena-kiloTa SedarebiTi

leqsikoni, Tbilisi, 2000-2003.

Nomadi Bartaia

From Fereidanian Dictionary KoriKoriKoriKori

S u m m a r y

There is a lexical element, KoriKoriKoriKori, in Fereidanian dialect of Georgian language.

The meaning of it is – a girl. This word has not been confirmed either in Georgian or in the language space

where the Fereidanian language happen to operate. There are lexical elements in Svanian and Megrelian dialect – KorKorKorKor and ‡er‡er‡er‡er

with the meaning – female big. The basis of common Georgian KarKarKarKar////KerKerKerKer word may be a general term with the

meaning of female and later this term was divided and KoriKoriKoriKori existing in Fereidanian dialect may have formed in this way.


guram bedoSviliguram bedoSviliguram bedoSviliguram bedoSvili

qarTuli onomatologiis umniSvnelovanesi

SenaZeni

qarTul onomatologiuri literaturis nusxas kidev erTi Ci-nebuli gamocema Seemata. esaa baTumis SoTa rusTavelis sax. saxel-mwifo universitetis docentis, filologiis mecn. kandidatis, nugnugnugnug----zar cezar cezar cezar cecxlacxlacxlacxlaZisZisZisZis,,,, axali samecniero gamokvleva `ZiZiZiZieeeebabababani yoni yoni yoni yororororoxis auxis auxis auxis au----zis tozis tozis tozis topopopoponinininimimimimiiiiidandandandan~. wigni 2004 wels gamosca gamomcemloba àyaram~, magram momxmareblamde man mxolod wleuls, 2008 wlis dasawKisSi moaGwia. es ar aris arsebiTi. mTavaria, rom specialistebma miiGes friad sayiro, masalobriv sarwmuno, kvleva-Ziebis TvalsazrisiT sa-ndo da sagulisxmo naSromi. wignis momxmarebels, KvelaferTan er-Tad, gasigrZeganebuli unda hqondes damokidebuleba im ZirZveli qarTuli mxareebisadmi, romelic istoriuli ukuGmarTobis gamo dGesdGeobiT TurqeTis saxelmwifos farglebSia moqceuli. mki-Txvel-momxmarebels, bunebrivia, araerTi kiTxva aGeZvris imis Taoba-zec, Tu ra mdgomareobaSia adgilobrivi qarTulenovani mosaxleo-bis geografiuli nomenklatura, moqceuli ucxoenobriv garemoSi, rogoria dominanti enis gavlena administraciulad da politiku-rad daqvemdebarebuli xalxis enobriv sistemaze, kerZod, mis leqsi-kaze.

winamdebare gamokvleva Zalze mkafio pasuxs gvaZlevs Kvela am kiTxvaze. ufro metic, avtori ar ifargleba mxolod toponimikis problemebiT, igi amis paralelurad farTod warmogvidgens SavSeT-imerxevis dGevandeli mosaxleobis gvarebs, pirTa saxelebs, gvarebis saoJaxo-sanaTesao saxelebs, maT sawarmoqmno saSualebebs. dakvirve-buli Tvali uTuod SeniSnavs, rom sakuTar saxelTa sistema sakvle-vi regionebisa ZiZiZiZiririririTaTaTaTadad inardad inardad inardad inarCuCuCuCunebs Tanebs Tanebs Tanebs Tavis isvis isvis isvis istotototoririririul saul saul saul saxesxesxesxes, Tum-ca gavlenebic iCens Tavs _ gansakuTrebiT _ pirTa saxelebis warmoqmnis dros. es faqti axsnadia: sakuTar (pirTa) saxelebis sis-

Â . Á Ä Ã Ï Û Å É Ë É 28

tema Kvelaze ufro rKevadia, naklebmdgradia qveKnis SigniT mimdina-re politikur-sazogadoebrivi movlenebis mimarT.

specialistebisaTvis kargad aris cnobili varaudi imis Taoba-ze, rom makrotoponimia (mwvervalebis, mTaTa sistemebis, didi qala-qebis da mdinareebis, mxare-kuTxeebis... sakuTari saxelebi) meti mdgradobiT gamoirCeva, vidre mikrotoponimia. sarecenzio wignis gacnobiT vrwmundebiT, rom SavSeT-imerxevis toponimiaSi sapirispi-ro movlenasTan gvaqvs saqme: icvleba dasaxlebul punqtTa da mniS-vnelovan mdinareTa saxelwodebani, mikroobieqtebis (saxnav-saTesi nakveTebi, saTib-saZovrebi, wKaroebi, bilikebi...) sakuTari saxelebi ki kvlavac ganagrZoben arsebobas im saxiT, rogoriTac isini saukuneebis winaT SeuqmniaT amjamindel SavSel- imerxevelTa winap-rebs. adgiobrivi mosaxleoba marTlac Tvalis CiniviT ufrTxildeba da icavs Tavis garemomcvel mikrosamKaros, romelSic TiToeul obi-eqts maTi winaprebis, axloblebis sakuTari saxeli aqvs mikuTvnebu-li.

b-n nugzar cecxlaZes sakvlevi masala Cawerili aqvs adgilze, uSualod. mas sofel-sofel, uban-uban Semouvlia SavSeT-imerxevis 50-ze meti sofeli da Cauweria 3000-ze meti toponimi da hidroni-mi, ubnebis, nasoflarebis, samTo saZovrebis, gzebis, gadasasvlelebis saxelwodebebi.

b-ni nugzar cecxlaZe SesaSuri TavdadebiT, movaleobisadmi maGali pasuxismgeblobis grZnobiT agrZelebs did mamuliSvilTa mi-er 100-150 wlis winaT dawKebul erovnul saqmes _ aGwerili Kofi-liKo saqarTvelos samxreTi da samxreT-dasavleTi mxareebi, kerZod, tao-klarJeTi da masSi Semavali xeobebi Tavisi patar-patara `qveKne-biTurT~ (SavSeTi, imerxevi, nigali, mayaxlisxevi...). unda iTqvas, rom am mxareTa pirvel demografiuli Tu sageografio aGwerebs Zi-riTadad ruseTis samxedro samsaxuris moxeleni (gen. gigigigiororororgi Kazgi Kazgi Kazgi Kazbebebebe----gigigigi, polkovn. vvvv. . . . lilililisovsovsovsovskiskiskiski...) eweodnen. mere da mere TurqTa mier mi-tacebul qveKnebSi qarTvelma swavlulebmac (dimdimdimdim. . . . baqbaqbaqbaqrarararaZeZeZeZe, , , , zzzz. . . . yiyiyiyiyiyiyiyi----nanananaZeZeZeZe, , , , eeee. . . . TaKaiSTaKaiSTaKaiSTaKaiSvivivivilililili...) SeaGwies. magram SavSeT-imerxevis mecnieruli Seswavlis istoria mainc akad. ninininiko mako mako mako marisrisrisris saxels ukavSirdeba. 1904 wels tao-klarJeTSi Casulma mecnierma pirvelma aGwera ara marto uZvelesi qarTuli materialuri Zeglebi (iSxani, xaxuli, Satberdi, xanZTa...) aramed adgilobrivi mikrotoponimiis erTi mcire nawilic (n. mariseul am masalas sarecenzio wignSic gaecnoba mkiTxveli, gv. gv. 23-24). n. maris am samecniero eqspediciis gvirgvinad iqca mis mi-er 1911 wels sankt-peterburgSi gamocemuli kapitaluri naSromi

ØÀÒÈÖËÉ ÏÍÏÌÀÔÏËÏÂÉÉÓ ÖÌÍÉÛÅÍÄËÏÅÀÍÄÓÉ ÛÄÍÀÞÄÍÉ

29

`grigol xanZTelis cxovreba~ (X saukunis mwerlisa giorgi merCu-lisa), romelic dGesac specialistTa samagido wignad rCeba.

1907 wels kola-olTisi da misi Semogareni aGwera da mimoi-xila eqvTeqvTeqvTeqvT. . . . TaKaiSTaKaiSTaKaiSTaKaiSvilvilvilvilmamamama (ix. qarTuli emigrantuli literatura `dabruneba~, t.I, Tb., 1991 w.). mas Semdeg TiTqmis naxevari saukunis manZilze `samuslimano saqarTveloSi~ mecnier-mkvlevarTagan aGara-vin Sesula. 1950-iani wlebidan or mezobel qveKanas Soris undob-lobis Kinuli TiTqos galGva, ris Sedegadac qarTvel istorikos-mxareTmcodneTaTvis SesaZlebeli gaxda aGweriliKo SavSeTis, imer-xevis, nigalisxeuvis mayaxlis xeobis... teritoriaTa erTi nawili. aseTi savele Seswavlis Sedegi iKo prof. iiii. . . . sisisisixaxaxaxarurururulilililiZisZisZisZis cnobili naSromebi: samxreT-dasavleT saqarTvelos toponimika, w. I. baT. 1958w., w. II baT. 1959w.). amaT mohKva amave avtoris saKuradGebo na-Sromebi: `nigali~, baT., 1985 w. da `SavSeT-imerxevi~, baT. 1988 w. manamde gamoica cnobili wKaroTmcodnis, TiTiTiTinanananaTin enuTin enuTin enuTin enuqiqiqiqiZisZisZisZis mier mo-mzadebuli da komentirebuli wigni `tbeTis sulTa matiane~ (1977), romelic SavSeT-imerxevis (miyixianis xeobis, imave tbeTis) soflebi-sa da anTroponimebis vrcel nusxas Seicavs. `sulTa matianeSi~ mo-xseniebul pirTa erTi fena uZvelesi xanisaa, XII-XIII saukuneebs gane-kuTvneba.

1990-ian wlebSi, kerZod, 1988 wlidan istoriuli qarTuli mxareebis Seswavlis saqmeSi axali xana iwKeba, es is droa, roca sa-qarTvelosa da TurqeTs Soris mimosvlas organizebuli xasiaTi mie-ca, _ gaixsna sarfis kari. 1993 wels baTumSi icema doc. SuSuSuSuSaSaSaSana na na na futfutfutfutkakakakararararaZisZisZisZis vrceli monografia `Cveneburebis qarTuli~, romelSic imerxeul (upiratesad) da SavSur toponimiasTan erTad iqauri ki-louri Taviseburebani, mosaxleobis eTnografiuli Kofa-cxovrebaa detalurad mowodebuli.

am TvalsazrisiT sruliad gansakuTrebul adgils ikavebs sa-recenzio wignis avtoris, doc. nugnugnugnugzar cezar cezar cezar cecxlacxlacxlacxlaZisZisZisZis,,,, marTlac didad faseuli SemkreblobiTi da sakvlevaZiebo xasiaTis naSromebis momza-deba da gamocema. ase, magaliTad, 2000 w. qveKndeba Cveni avtoris wigni `SavSeT-imerxevis toponimia~, _ agreTve, `murGulis xeobis toponimuri masalebi~ (2003 w.).

murGulis xeobis toponimiiT avtoris daintereseba SemTxvevi-Ti ar Kofila, _ es is `qveKanaa~, sadac Zveli qarTuli saeklesio-saganmanaTleblo kerebi (berTa, dolisKana, iSxani, opiza, tbeTi, xa-xuli...) aris TavmoKrili. b-n nugzar cecxlaZis wKalobiT dGes Cven ara marto warmovTqvamT am Zvirfas saistorio saxelwodebebs, ara-


med TvalnaTliv vecnobiT maT mikrotoponimiasac (ix. winamdebare naSromi gv. gv. 111-119).

sarecenzio wigni vrceli da seriozuli samecniero naSromia. am wignis avtors mxolod sakvlevi regionis geografiuli nomenkla-turis nusxa rom moeca, amiTac udides wvlils Seitanda qarTuli toponomastikis Seswavlis istoriaSi. axla ki man brwKinvale empi-riuli masalis garda, mogvca misi lingvisturi analizic. qarTuli toponimiis istoriaSi b-ni nugnugnugnugzar cezar cezar cezar cecxlacxlacxlacxlaZeZeZeZe pirveli Seiswavlis qarTul-Turquli da Turqul-qarTuli toponimebis warmoqmnis me-tad saintereso viTarebas. aGsaniSnavi da sagulisxmo isaa, rom ore-novnobis pirobebSic ki qarqarqarqarTuTuTuTuli sali sali sali sawarwarwarwarmoqmoqmoqmoqmno momno momno momno modedededeli dGemde li dGemde li dGemde li dGemde mKarad inarmKarad inarmKarad inarmKarad inarCuCuCuCunebs Tanebs Tanebs Tanebs Tavis avvis avvis avvis avtoqtoqtoqtoqToToToTonur bunur bunur bunur bunenenenebasbasbasbas. avtori KuradGebas amaxvilebs ara zogadad toponimTa hibriduli warmoSobis sakiTxeb-ze, aramed iseT SemTxvevebzec, roca amosaval fuZed Turquli ter-mini gvaqvs, saderivacio elementad ki _ qarTuli sarTebi; naCvene-bia piruku procesic. fuZed qarTuli sitKva gvaqvs, sawarmoqmno sa-Sualebebad ki _ Turquli afiqsebi. aqve avtors sayirod daunaxavs Turquli sageografio terminebis qarTulad Targmna, rac naTel warmodgenas gviqmnis Turquli toponimiis sabaziso erTeulebze.

gadauyarbeblad SeiZleba iTqvas, rom docdocdocdoc. . . . nugnugnugnugzar cezar cezar cezar cecxlacxlacxlacxlaZisZisZisZis axali monografiuli gamokvleva `ZiZiZiZieeeebabababani yoni yoni yoni yorrrrooooxis auxis auxis auxis auzis tozis tozis tozis topopopoponinininimimimimi----iiiidandandandan~ Girseul adgils, daimkvidrebs specialur literaturaSi.

wignis avtori, rogorc mosalodneli iKo, empiriuli masalis morfologiuri analizisas gverds ver uvlis calkeul toponimTa semantikuri TvalsazrisiT kvlevasac, rac xSir SemTxvevaSi Cinebu-lad aris gadawKvetili: ase, magaliTad, avtori sarwmunod gviCve-nebs, rom toponimi arararardidididiasasasaswminwminwminwminda anda anda anda andridridridriawawawawminminminminda da da da Kofila (gv. 49), mamamama----yayayayala la la la _ _ _ _ GrmaGrmaGrmaGrmayayayayalalalala (gv. 76), ororororboboboboka ka ka ka _ _ _ _ oooorrrrbobobobokekekekelalalala (gv. 52), sasasasamaTmaTmaTmaTvavavavalililili----eeeero ro ro ro _ _ _ _ sasasasaTvaTvaTvaTvalilililieeeerorororo, , , , sasasasaTvalTvalTvalTvalTvaTvaTvaTvalolololo (Sdr. qarTl. dadadadanaxnaxnaxnaxvivivivisisisisi) da mr. sxv.

didZali faqtobrivi masalis avtoriseuli interpretireba, bunebrivia, zogierT SemTxvevaSi aCens SeniSvnas, dazustebis sur-vils. wignis avtoris mixedviT sof. mamamamaCxaCxaCxaCxateteteteTisTisTisTis (← nanananaCxaCxaCxaCxateteteteTiTiTiTi g. b.) erT-erTi saTibi mindvris saxeli ifxnaifxnaifxnaifxnarararara -ianianianian mqoneblobis sufiq-siT Kofila warmoqmnili: ifxrifxrifxrifxr----ianianianian----aaaa (gv. 71). ara-da, aSkaraa, rom aq -narnarnarnar- sufiqsTan gvaqvs saqme: ifxlifxlifxlifxl- º ifqlifqlifqlifql----narnarnarnar----aaaa, romelsac metaTe-zisiT ifxraifxraifxraifxranananana forma moucia. mikrotoponimi nanananamarmarmarmarmemememevivivivi ganmartebu-lia rogorc nananana----marmarmarmar((((iaiaiaia))))mmmm----evevevev----iiii (gv. 46). TiTqos ufro bunebrivi unda KofiliKo misi nananana----marnmarnmarnmarn----evievievieviØsagan momdinareoba (nnnn º mmmm sonorTa sub-

ØÀÒÈÖËÉ ÏÍÏÌÀÔÏËÏÂÉÉÓ ÖÌÍÉÛÅÍÄËÏÅÀÍÄÓÉ ÛÄÍÀÞÄÍÉ

31

stitucia). sarwmuno ar Cans avtoris varaudi, TiTqos gagagagarrrrzeKanezeKanezeKanezeKanebi bi bi bi ganganganganze Kanebsze Kanebsze Kanebsze Kanebs niSnavdes (gv. 52). aq Cven sameurneo toponimiis sainte-reso faqtTan gvaqvs saqme: esaa karkarkarkarze Kaneze Kaneze Kaneze Kanebibibibi, romlis saanalogio SemTxvevebi (kakakakaris Kanaris Kanaris Kanaris Kana, , , , karkarkarkarze veze veze veze venanananaxixixixi, , , , ezosezosezosezosmimimimiwawawawa, , , , kakakakarisrisrisrispipipipirurururulililili...) uamravia saqarTvelos amer-imerSi.

albaT aseve `cxel gulze~ irwmuna avtorma, TiTqos toponimi diddiddiddidgugugugulislislislisxexexexevivivivi `dididididi gudi gudi gudi gulis xevslis xevslis xevslis xevs~ niSnavdes (gv. 53). am SemTxvevaSi amosavalia mcen. diddiddiddidgugugugulalalala º duddudduddudgugugugulalalala da ara viGacis didi guli.

ver daveTanxmebiT avtors, TiTqos saTibis saxeli babababaTaTaTaTanananana (s. dabawvrili) Tavkiduri tttt. Tanxmovnis dakargvis Sedegi KofiliKos (gv. 76). ufro bunebrivi iqneboda gvefiqra, rom babababaTaTaTaTanananana toponimSi llll sonori iKos Cavardnili (balbalbalbalTaTaTaTanananana → babababaTaTaTaTanananana) -nnnn sonorisave me-zoblobaSi.

avtoris mier moKvanil magaliTebs Soris erT-erTi maTgani, avtorisave TqmiT, iSviaTi SemTxvevaa, _ is mTel winadadebas Seicav-so. esaa hidroobieqtis saxeli sof. wKalsimerSi inininingiSgiSgiSgiSliswKaroliswKaroliswKaroliswKaro. aJobebda, Tuki es erTeuli ucnobi semantikis toponimad iqneboda CaTvlili, wignis avtori ki mas sakmaod uCveulod ganmartavs: `vin vin vin vin giSgiSgiSgiSlis wKarolis wKarolis wKarolis wKaro~.

Cveni es SeniSvnebi sruliad umniSvnelo da kninia im faseu-lobebTan mimarTebaSi, romlebsac bbbb----nnnn nugnugnugnugzar cezar cezar cezar cecxlacxlacxlacxlaZisZisZisZis sarecenzio wigni Seicavs. `ZiZiZiZieeeebabababani yoni yoni yoni yororororoxis auxis auxis auxis auxis toxis toxis toxis topopopoponinininimimimimiiiiidandandandan~ iseTi did-mniSvnelovani Zeglia, romlis Girsebebic droTa msvlelobaSi uf-ro da ufro warmoCndeba.


Guram Bedoshvili

An Signifficant Acquirement of the Georgian Onomatology

S u m m a r y

An article discusses Prof. Nugzar Tsetskhladze’s book “Researches from the

toponymy of Chorokhi basin” which was published in Batumi, 2004. Professor of

the Batumi Shota Rustaveli State University is an outstanding researcher. At present

he managed to collect the toponymy of the ancient Georgian countries – Shavsheti

and Imerkhevi and to analyze the material linguistically.

The most part of the toponyms exists on the territory of Imerkhevi and Shavsheti

of the river Chorokhi basin is Georgian and in spite of the fact, that they are in

surrounding of foreign language (Turkish), they have preserved those productive

means, which we have in Gurian-Adjarian micro-toponym. Changes are basically

observable in the names of administrative centres and it is understable.

It is welcomed, that the author did not limit only with researching of toponymic

material. He presents Shavshet-Imerkhevian population’s family-names, personal

names, also the family-relative names of surnames, in which a large number of

historical vocabulary is preserved.

The research work, carried out by Prof. Nugzar Tsetskhladze and which

outcomes are essentially trustworthy and sharing, is evaluated in the article.


marine beriZemarine beriZemarine beriZemarine beriZe

fizikuri mdgomareobis zmnebi da àrsebobis~,

`mKofobis~, `mkvidrobis~ gamoxatva qarTulSi

adreul naSromebSi Cven gamovTqvamdiT varauds imis Taobaze, rom arsebobis mniSvneloba uZveles qarTulSi diferencirebuli un-da KofiliKo. kerZod, aGvniSnavdiT, rom àrs~ da `hgies~ zmnaTa pa-raleluri arseboba enaSi gamowveuli unda KofiliKo arsebobis `TavisTavadi~, damoukidebeli da ègzekutoruli~, ìZulebiTi~ formebis garCeviT. Tavis mxriv es mniSvnelobebi kidev iKofoda or Jgufad: moZravi sagnis (arsebis) arseboba da uZravi sagnis arsebo-ba _ àrs~ zmna gamoxatavda moZravi arsebis TavisTavad, damoukide-bel arsebobas, ufro swored, Tavad moZraobas (beriZe 1994; 1998 da sxv.).

Cvens varauds erTgvarad amagrebda isic, rom am zmnis Zireuli masala ukavSirdeba siarulis, moZraobis semantikis mqone sxva for-mebs: r-eb-a, m-r-e, m-rev-l-i, gan-r-om-a ... da sxv. (beriZe, arabuli, osiZe, qurdiani, maxaraZe, yumburiZe...)

rac Seexeba `hgies~ formas, Cven mas aqtiuri *h-gev-s zmnis III piris mravlobiTis formad (h-gev-es) miviCnevT, sadac subieqti im-personaluradaa warmodgenili. Cven viziarebT im mkvlevarTa Tval-sazriss, romlebic am zmnis -g- Zirs ukavSireben d-g-a-s, d-g-eb-a, a-dg-il-i formebSi gamoKofil -g- Zirs da masalobrivad masTan aigi-veben (am CamonaTvals Cven mivamateT a-la-g-i formac) (beriZe 2005).

Zvel qarTulSi arsebobis mniSvnelobis amgvari diferencireba ukve moSlilia, àrs~ da `hgies~ zmnebi erTmaneTis gverdiT gamoiKeneba zogadi arsebobis gaudiferencirebeli mniSvnelobiT. erTaderTi sxvaoba is gaxlavT, rom àrs~ ufro xSirad meSveli zmnis funqciiT gvxvdeba, `hgies~ ki _ mxolod da mxolod damouki-debeli zmnaa.

samecniero literaturaSi cnobili faqtia am zmnaTa gverdiT e.w. `fizikuri mdgomareobis~ zmnebis gamoKenebis SemTxvevebi zogadi

Ì . Á Ä Ò É Þ Ä 34

arsebobis gamosaxatad. es zmnebia: zis, dgas, Zevs, wevs, devs, sxedan | sxenan... am zmnaTa xmovanpreqsiani formebi e.w. `qona-Kolis~ zmnebis Jgufs qmnian, uprefiqsod ki xSiria maTi gamoKeneba zogadi arsebo-bis, mKofobis an mkvidrobis gamosaxatad (Sengelia, lolaZe 1995...).

`Jdomis~ semantikis zmnebs (zis, sxenan, Jdeba...) Zveli qarTuli enis leqsikonebSi aseTi mniSvnelobebi uCans:

saba: `̀̀̀JJJJdodododomamamama~~~~ _ `kerZodgoma da kerZodeba Seiqms dgomasa; muƒlmokeciT gansueneba~.

n. CubinaSvili: (vhzivhzivhzivhzi, , , , vsvsvsvsJJJJedededed) saSual dgomisa da wolisa, mo-sveneba ferƒTa sxeulis tarebisagan (fsalmun. 49,20. ds 79,1; v.t. 584) сидеть.

mdgomaris daJdoma (hzishzishzishzis, , , , mimimimiziszisziszis, , , , dadadadamimimimiJJJJdadadada) Girs, miGirs amden fasad. стоит, стало в такую цену.

i. abulaZisa da z. sarJvelaZis leqsikonebSi am zmnisTvis da-dgenilia Semdegi mniSvnelobebi: daJdoma, dgroma, rComa, inaƒ-dgma, SeJdoma, asvla, dageba, damkvidreba.

rogorc vxedavT, sulxan-sabasa da n. CubinaSvilis leqsikoneb-Si es zmna mxolod ZiriTadi mniSvnelobiT gvaqvs dadasturebuli _ muxlmokeciT Kofna.

axal leqsikonebSi ki sxva, `fakultaturi~ mniSvnelobebic aris aGniSnuli

warmovadgenT `Jdoma~ zmnis araZiriTadi mniSvnelobiT gamoKenebis kidev ramdenime nimuSs:

hsxdeT hsxdeT hsxdeT hsxdeT _ _ _ _ cxovcxovcxovcxovrobT robT robT robT `romelTa Soris Tquen hsxdeThsxdeThsxdeThsxdeT queKanasa maTsa...~ msaJ. 6,10. G `romelTa Soris Tquen damkv‚iddamkv‚iddamkv‚iddamkv‚idrerererebulbulbulbul xarT qveKanasa maT-

sa...~ BDS ... в земле которых вы живете... vis miwazec cxovrobT... dadadadaJJJJed ed ed ed _ _ _ _ dadadadaadadadadgergergerger, , , , dadadadarCirCirCirCi `da hrqua mas mixaman: dadadadaJedJedJedJed CemTana da meqmen me mama da

mGdel~. msJ. 17,10. G `da hrqua mas miqa: dadadadaadadadadger ger ger ger Sen CemTana da meqmen mama da

mGdel~. BDS И сказал ему Миха: останься у меня. uTxra mixam: dadadadarCirCirCirCi CemTan.

×ÉÆÉÊÖÒÉ ÌÃÂÏÌÀÒÄÏÁÉÓ ÆÌÍÄÁÉ ÃÀ `ÀÒÓÄÁÏÁÉÓ", `ÌÚÏ×ÏÁÉÓ"....

35

dadadadaJJJJda da da da _ _ _ _ dadadadaeeeeSeSeSeSenananana: `wiaG iordanisa, sada dadadadaiiiikarkarkarkarvavavava,,,, da dan, rad hmsxehmsxehmsxehmsxemobmobmobmob navTa

Sina? asir dadadadaJJJJdadadada kidesa zGuaTasa da gamosavalTa misTa zeda dadadadaiiii----karkarkarkarvosvosvosvos~. msJ. 5.17 G

`galaad wiaG iordanisa dadadadaimkimkimkimk‚‚‚‚ididididrararara,,,, da dan, ra�saTvis mkmkmkmk‚‚‚‚idridridridr xarxarxarxar navTa Sina? aser dadadadaeeeeSeSeSeSenananana kideTa zGuaTasa. da ganSore-bulsa missa dadadadaemkemkemkemk‚‚‚‚ididididrosrosrosros.~ BDS

`Галаад живет спокойно за Иорданом, и Дану чего бояться с кораблями? Асир сидит на берегу моря, и у пристаней живет спокойно~.

`galaadi iordanes gaGma dadadadavavavavanenenenebubububulalalala,,,, ratom SeSeSeSeKujKujKujKujuuuulalalala dani xomaldebSi? zGvispiras dadadadamJmJmJmJdadadadarararara aSeri da Tavis sanaxebTan dadadada----mkvidmkvidmkvidmkvidrerererebubububulalalala~.

es monakveTi sainteresoa im TvalsazrisiT, rom oTxJer aris gamoKenebuli dasaxlebis, damkvidrebis aGmniSvneli sitKva. erT re-daqciaSi sinonimebis aseTi rigia warmodgenili: dadadadaiiiikarkarkarkarvavavava, , , , hmsxehmsxehmsxehmsxemobmobmobmob, , , , dadadadaJJJJdadadada, , , , dadadadaiiiikarkarkarkarvosvosvosvos. meoreSi ki gvaqvs: dadadadaimimimimkvidkvidkvidkvidrararara, , , , mkvidr xarmkvidr xarmkvidr xarmkvidr xar, , , , dadadadaeeee----SeSeSeSena da dana da dana da dana da daememememkvidkvidkvidkvidrosrosrosros. . . .

Tu orive redaqcias SevadarebT, aseT sinonimur wKvilebs viGebT: dadadadaiiiikarkarkarkarvavavava _ _ _ _ dadadadaimimimimkvidkvidkvidkvidrararara;;;; hmsxehmsxehmsxehmsxemobmobmobmob _ _ _ _ mkvidrmkvidrmkvidrmkvidr xarxarxarxar;;;; dadadadaJJJJdadadada _ _ _ _ dadadadaeeeeSeSeSeSenananana; didididikarkarkarkarvosvosvosvos _ _ _ _ dadadadaimimimimkvidkvidkvidkvidrosrosrosros....

axal qarTulSi JJJJdodododomismismismis semantikis zmnebs ZiriTadi mniSvnelo-bis garda (tanis qveda nawiliT rasme eKrdnoba, eSveba, Tavsdeba skamze....) udasturdeba sxva mniSvnelobebic, romelTagan Kvelaze mniSvnelovania: adgilsamKofeli aqvs. Tumca am mniSvnelobiT am zmnis gamoKeneba bevrad ufro SezGudulia, vidre Zvel qarTulSi da mefis, patriarqis an Tanamdebobis piris moGvaweobis adgilsam-Kofels mianiSnebs: romis papi vatikanSi zis, parlamentSi zis da a.S.

unda aGvniSnoT, rom mkvidrobis, mKofobis mniSvnelobiT ro-gorc Zvel, ise axal qarTulSi erTnairad gvxvdeba JJJJdodododomismismismis semanti-kis rogorc statikuri (ziszisziszis, , , , sxesxesxesxenannannannan, , , , JJJJdadadada...), ise dinamikuri vnebiTisa da aqtivis formebi (JJJJdedededebabababa, , , , svamssvamssvamssvams, , , , dadadadasvasvasvasva...)

warmovadgenT dgodgodgodgomamamama zmnis ZiriTad mniSvnelobebs Zvelsa da axal qarTulSi.

sabasTan es zmna asea ganmartebuli: `ze Kofa, ese ars cxovel-Ta fexze dgoma, gina xeTa da mcenareTa nergoba. ferƒze Kofna~.

n. CubinaSvilTan: dgoma _ (vhsdga, vsdgevar) fexzed geba Tvi-nier Jdomisa da wolisa (i. 21, 4), стать, стоять. // binis qoneba sa-dme, cxovreba saxlad, жить, находиться где.

Ì . Á Ä Ò É Þ Ä 36

sainteresoa, rom n. CubinaSvili dgodgodgodgomasmasmasmas `geba~ zmnis meSveobiT ganmartavs, TviT gebas-Tan ki miuTiTebs mniSvnelobebs: Kofa, da-dgroma. пребивать.

mmmmKKKKofiofiofiofi leqsikonSi asea ganmartebuli: mgebi, mdgomare, gebuli _ raica hgies. aqve mocemulia `mge~-s ganmartebac: àrsi, mouklebe-li T‚iTebasa zeda Tvissa, сый сущий~.

mge mge mge mge _ _ _ _ gegegegebabababa _ dgodgodgodgomamamama zmnaTa amgvari semantikuri dakavSireba kidev erTxel gvidasturebs gegegegeba ba ba ba ((((hgihgihgihgieseseses)))) da dgasdgasdgasdgas zmnaTa Zireuli masalis erTianobas.

i. abulaZisa da z. sarJvelaZis leqsikonebSi dgasdgasdgasdgas zmnas Ziri-Tadi mniSvnelobis gverdiT udasturdeba zogadi arsebobis, gaCere-bis, dabanakebis, dasaxlebis, rComis, Kofis, gebis mniSvnelobebi.

((((dgodgodgodgoma ma ma ma –––– ge ge ge gebabababa)))) : `qriste ukunisamde dges | qriste ukunisamde egos~. i. 12, 34.

((((dadadadadgrodgrodgrodgromamamama, , , , gagagagaCeCeCeCererererebabababa):):):): `dges egreT aGrTxmulni ƒelni maTni~. flqt. 159,25.

((((rCorCorCorComamamama, , , , gadagadagadagadarCerCerCerCenananana):):):): èZiebde Tavisa Senisa dgomasa mterTagan KovelTa~. naum, 3,11. G

Sdr.: `da Sen daiTro da iKo ugulebels-qmnil da Sen eZieb Tavisa Senisa SeSeSeSewevwevwevwevnanananasa sa sa sa mterTagan~. BDS

(saKuradGeboa, rom gadagadagadagadarCerCerCerCenisnisnisnis mniSvnelobiT gvxvdeba rererereba ba ba ba zmnisgan nawarmoebi `ganromac~).

rogorc vnaxeT, fizikuri mdgomareobis JJJJdodododoma da dgoma da dgoma da dgoma da dgomamamama seman-tikis zmnebi Zvel qarTulSi Seicaven zogadi arsebobis, SeCereba-daKovnebis, mkvidrobis, dasaxlebis mniSvnelobebs.

qarTuli enis dialeqtebSi warmodgenilia Zalze saintereso suraTi am zmnaTa mniSvnelobebis Taviseburi ganviTarebisa.

ayarulSi, gansakuTrebiT, TurqeTSi mcxovreb qarTvelTa _ `Cveneburebis~ metKvelebaSi JJJJdodododomismismismis semantikis zmnebi aqtiurad gamoiKeneba `dasaxlebis~, `binadrobis~, `cxovrebis~ mniSvnelobiT.

sagulisxmoa, rom iqauri qarTvelebisTvis es, sakuTari sa-metKvelo kodisa da saliteraturo qarTulis gamiJvnisas, erT-erTi mKari da TvalSisacemi niSani gamxdara. amis saukeTeso dadastureba vnaxeT SuSana futkaraZis mier TurqeTSi mopovebul teqstebSi:

èrT duqanTan gurJebis laparaki gevgone, mivel, rom gerCaq Cueneburebi gamodgen. erTi genJi qali gurJul qaTibev Kidevda. T�urqCa noxsanaT icoda, CaTina� axtenda. mivel da TurqCa laparik-Si mivexmare. igirim qalma mkiTxa: _ ha mcxovrofo? _ ver mivxti, ras ambobda. dedim, ha mcxovrob kakunas etKvian, mcxuarsa. devfiSma-


37

ne, mcxvreb xom ar mekiTxeba-meTqin. dedim, gamikvirda, Cemi mcxvrebi sofelSi me anJax maxsovs, aman haidan icis meTqi. mixta, ver gamagne-bia da _ saxli had gaqo, _ mkiTxa. _ magre miTxar, dedi, saxli had gaq, had zixaro da mivxtebi~ (gv. 131).

`xalxuri lingvistikis~ es patara nimuSi cxadad mowmobs, rom dialeqtSi binadrobis, mosaxleobis, mkvidrobis mniSvnelobiT daka-nonebula ziszisziszis zmnis gamoKeneba. mTxrobeli TviTonve gvTavazobs si-nonimur rigs: cxovcxovcxovcxovrobs robs robs robs _ _ _ _ zis zis zis zis _ _ _ _ sasasasaxli aqvsxli aqvsxli aqvsxli aqvs.

am monakveTis gacnobis Semdeg aGarc kia sayiro sailustracio masalis Zebna, Tumca ramdenime magaliTs mainc moviKvanT:

statikuri zis zis zis zis, , , , jjjjdasdasdasdas:::: àhmeda~ haJi _ me var, ninosi mexuTe Svili. am oJaxze me vjdavar~. (gv. 132).

`Cven avdeqiT inegolidan da weveliT osmanasTan. asoci kilo-metriT Sor ijda Cvenze~ (gv.24)

`zuelaT aq ermenebi mJdaran~ (gv. 171). `KezelSi zian mekeiZiebi, KaveJoGlebi, GorJumlebi, lamazi

arian mekeiZiebi~. `zegnelebi da ayarlebi memleqeTSic tKeSi mJdaran, aqac

tKiefSi zian~ (gv. 143). dinamikuri JJJJdedededebabababa:::: `hilmies damJdara, sevdas gamokidebia, mere

hilmies damJdara erTic~ (gv. 39). `gadmosulebma meger bevri itires, igorves gziefSi, mara bo-

loxan dadves umudi da dajden aqa~ (gv. 158). `Cueni dediebis sisxliT Semowerilia Turqies sinoris miwe-

bi... amiTvin Cvena aqedan adgoma da gurjistanSi dajdoma ar mogvin-deba~ (gv. 150).

aqtiuri svamssvamssvamssvams, , , , ajajajajdumdumdumdumlebslebslebslebs:::: `Teq darCi CuenTana, imfer adgil-ze daqsuam rom _ qeiSebze, zeiT~ (gv. 160).

`sacxa karg �erze daaJdumle eseni, kai ieri mieo~ (gv. 151). rogorc magaliTebidan Cans, ad ad ad adgogogogomamamama zmnas dialeqtSi aKris, sa-

cxovrebeli adgilis moSlis mniSvneloba aqvs. qarTuli enis sxva dialeqtebSi, gansakuTrebiT, es axasiaTebs

dasavlur kiloebs, mkvidmkvidmkvidmkvidrorororobisbisbisbis, , , , bibibibinadnadnadnadrorororobisbisbisbis mniSvnelobiT dgodgodgodgomamamama zmna gvxvdeba:

àqedan da igeni rom dgana, iqnobamdi wagvarTva miwa~ (gur.). àndGulaZnebi idgen iqiT _ ai, daTikos mama iKo~ (gur.). Tumca unda aGiniSnos, rom am mniSvnelobiT ufro gvxvdeba

statikuri dgasdgasdgasdgas. dinamikuri vnebiTisa da aqaqaqaqtitititivis vis vis vis formebiT es zmna mkvidrobis mniSvnelobiT ar realizdeba. gamonaklisia dinamikuri

Ì . Á Ä Ò É Þ Ä 38

dgedgedgedgebas bas bas bas warsuli drois forma, romelic SeiZleba Segvxvdes am mniS-vnelobis gadmosacemad: `wavida da soflis bolos dadga~.

ingilourSi dgodgodgodgomamamama zmnas sxva qarTuli dialeqtebisagan gan-sxvavebuli mniSvnelobebi ganuviTarda: es aris zogadi arsebobisa da sicocxlis, `cocxlobis~ mniSvneloba.

qarTuli enis ingilouri kilos leqsikonSi `dgoma~ asea gan-martebuli: darCena (darCeba, rame SemTxvevis Semdegac iqneba; iarse-bebs, isev iqneba, icocxlebs).

dgasdgasdgasdgas zmna àris~, àrsebobs~ mniSvnelobiT dialeqtSi gvxvdeba rogorc sulier, ise usulo arsebiT saxelebTan:

`ƒorc dgas, sxo ram habe yama?~. `ƒorc uyami, erje zolev dgas~ ìm soflamdin or vers dgas~ `wel aaTievelac oTx dGe� dgas Kofil~. `qua aswiva, Sehxeda, beyed dgas~. `sofelSi qal gaTievul iKo, erje qal idga (mxolod erTi qa-

li iKo darCenili). im SemTxvevebSi ki, roca dgasdgasdgasdgas zmna sicocxlis mniSvnelobiT

ixmareba, gvxvdeba mxolod adamianis aGmniSvnel saxelebTan: `lado Gdel iKo, heman cxovrovdav, hegav dgasav Sio? _ me

mamkiTxa~. àinxla naTela dgas~. `ladi biza dgasa?~. unda iTqvas, rom am ukanaskneli mniSvnelobiT _ `cocxalia~

qarTuli dialeqtebis did nawilSi gamoiKeneba aris zmna an misi Se-kvecili forma _ a:

`samson Zia� aris isev~? _ samson Zia isev cocxalia? `ra Soba qia kidom?~ _ ras Sveba, kidev cocxalia? ìgreva?~ _ isev aris? kidev cocxalia? (TuS.)

*** rogorc vnaxeT, qarTuli enis dialeqtebSi arseboba-mdgomare-

obis zmnebs ZiriTad semantikasTan erTad uviTardebaT Semdgomi mniSvnelobebi:

aris _ cocxalia Jdeba _ mkvidrdeba, zis _ mkvidrobs dgas _ aris dgas _ mkvidrobs dgas _ cocxalia


39

Kvela es mniSvneloba arsebobis zogadi mniSvnelobis mqone zmnebis semantikur komponentTa sxvadasxvagvari ganviTarebiT aris warmoqmnili.

rogorc ukve aGvniSneT, uZveles qarTulSi zogadi arsebobis mniSvneloba diferencirebuli unda KofiliKo.

arsarsarsars _ iKo moZravi, sivrceSi gadaadgilebadi, cvlilebis gan-mcdeli (cvlilebas daqvemdebarebuli), TavisTavadi (egzistencialu-ri) arsebobis forma.

hgihgihgihgieseseses _ gaxldaT uZravi, ucvleli, egzekutoruli arsebobis forma.

dgasdgasdgasdgas, iseve, rogorc hgihgihgihgieseseses _ iKo uZravi, ucvalebeli, sivrcis lokalur wertilSi dafiqsirebuli arseboba. es arseboba xan Tavi-Tavadi iKo, xan _ egzekutoruli.

arseboba _ materiis gamovlenis forma _ ase anawevrebda qar-Tul sivrces da dros:

arsarsarsars, , , , aris aris aris aris _ is, rac r-eba zmniT gamoxatuli moqmedebis pro-cesSia, rac potenciurad àvsebs~ mTel sivrces swored cvlilebis da gadaadgilebis unariT.

dgasdgasdgasdgas _ is, rac ramac ganicada 1. dgeba; 2. dgams zmnebiT gamo-xatuli moqmedeba.

hgihgihgihgies es es es ____ is, rac hgeves, rac III impersonaluri piris moqmedebis Sedegia.

ase rom, `dgas~ da `hgies~ àrs~ zmnas upirispirdebian, ro-gorc uZravi arseboba _ moZravs.

`hgies~ upirispirdeba àrs~ zmnas, rogorc egzekutoruli Ta-visTavad arsebobas.

xolo dgasdgasdgasdgas zmnis semantika moicavs orive danarCenis _ ars da ars da ars da ars da hgihgihgihgieeees s s s mniSvnelobebs: is SeiZleba gvqondes rogorc TavisTavadi ((((dgas dgas dgas dgas _ _ _ _ dgedgedgedgebabababa)))), ise egzekutoruli arsebobis mniSvnelobiT ((((dgas dgas dgas dgas _ _ _ _ dgamsdgamsdgamsdgams).

dgasdgasdgasdgas zmnis ZiriTadi mniSvneloba _ vertikalur mdgomareoba-Si Kofna, rogorc vTqviT, Zvelsave qarTulSi iwKebs neitralizebas. axal qarTulSi kargad cnobili SemTxvevebi `suni dgas~, `sicxe dgas~... swored neitralizaciis am procesis gamoZaxilia.

`mkvidrobis~ mniSvnelobiT am zmnis gamoKeneba SesaZlebeli ga-xda misi erT-erTi mniSvnelobis _ `gaCerebis~ ganviTarebiT.

dgedgedgedgebabababa:::: 1. erTi mdgomareobidan meoreSi _ horizontaluridan vertikalurSi, gadadis; 2. erTi mdgomareobidan meoreSi _ moZravi-dan uZravSi gadadis. es orive ZiriTadi mniSvneloba `dgeba~ zmnisa

Ì . Á Ä Ò É Þ Ä 40

SeiZleba SevaerToT: erTi mdgomareobidan meoreSi _ vertikalursa da uZravSi gadadis.

am mniSvnelobis meore komponenti _ moZravi mdgomareobidan uZravSi gadasvla ganviTarda mkvidrobis, dasaxlebis, dabinavebis mniSvnelobad. am semantikuri gadasvlis Sualeduri safexuri unda KofiliKo uZraobisgan ucvlelobis, mudmivobis (xangrZliobis) mniS-vnelobaTa ganviTareba (Sdr.: naTesavi warvals da naTesavi movals, xolo qveKana hgies ukunisamde).

dadadadarCerCerCerCenisnisnisnis, , , , gagagagaCeCeCeCererererebisbisbisbis mniSvnelobidan uviTardeba mkvidrobis se-mantika Jdoma zmnasac, Tumca Jdoma da dgoma zmnebs Soris mniSvne-lovani sxvaobaa:

JJJJdodododomamamama mxolod sulieris uZrav mdgomareobas gamoxatavs, dgodgodgodgo----mamamama _ sulierisac da usulosic. mkvidrobis semantika orive zmnas-Tan Cndeba maSin, roca subieqtad adamianis aGmniSvneli saxelia warmodgenili. maS, mkvidrobis semantika am zmnebs ganuviTardaT Sem-degi semantikuri komponentebis `SeJamebiT~: adamianis uZravi, mudmi-vi (an xangrZlivi) arseboba sivrcis lokalizebul monakveTSi (Sdr.: adgili).

Tu semantikurma komponentma _ `gaCereba~ mogvca mkvidrobis semantikis ganviTareba, komponenti ùZraoba~, ùcvleloba~ _ ingi-lourSi gvaZlevs zogadi arsebobis, àrs, aris~ zmnebTan ziar (si-nonimur) mniSvnelobas. semantikuri ganviTarebis xazi dialeqtSivea Semonaxuli: dgas dgas dgas dgas _ _ _ _ dadadadarCarCarCarCa;;;; dadadadarCa rCa rCa rCa _ _ _ _ gagagagaCerCerCerCerdadadada,,,, uZravia, ucvlelia, misi arseboba SenarCunebulia _ dgas dgas dgas dgas _ _ _ _ arisarisarisaris....

maSin, roca zogadi arsebobis gamomxatvel dgasdgasdgasdgas zmnasTan subi-eqtad warmodgenilia adamianis aGmniSvneli saxeli, zmna iZens `co-cxalis~ mniSvnelobas.

aq ukve Semodis dgasdgasdgasdgas zmnis erT-erTi mTavari semantikuri komponenti _ vertikalur mdgomareobaSi Kofna, fexze Kofna.

àris~ qarTuli enis sxva dialeqtebSi da `dgas~ ingilourSi sinonimebia `cocxalia~ zmnisa.

àris~ am mniSvnelobiT warmoadgens àGar aris~, `mokvdas~ an-tonims.

`dgas~ zmnis antonimi ki am SemTxvevaSi aris horizontaluri mdgomareobis `wevs~ (saflavSi) zmna.

`cocxalias~ mniSvnelobiT Tanamedrove qarTulsa da dialeq-tebSi vertikaluri mdgomareobis gamomxatvel SesitKvebaTa gamoKeneba Cveulebrivia: fexfexfexfexze dgoze dgoze dgoze dgomamamama, , , , zezezezeze dgoze dgoze dgoze dgomamamama, , , , sisisisiaaaarurururulililili............ (sa-


41

nam fexze vdgavar, sanam am qveKanaze davdivar... Sdr.: TerTmeti meKola baGvi, oTxi zeze mKavs, sxuanebi demexoca~).

amrigad, qarTuli enis dialeqtebSi mkvidrobis, mKofobis, co-cxlobis gamosaxatad arsebobis zmnaTa gamoKeneba am zmnaTa Tavda-pirveli bunebiT da maTi calkeuli semantikuri komponentebis gan-viTarebiT aris Sepirobebuli.

moxseneba mxolod mcire nawilia im kvlevisa, romelmac unda warmoaCinos arsebobis, moZraobisa da mdgomareobis zmnaTa formob-rivi da semantikuri mimarTebani qarTulSi. vfiqrobT, moxsenebaSi dasmuli sakiTxebi gaaqtiurebs arsebobis semantikasTan dakavSire-bul bevr saintereso problemas.

lilililiteteteterarararatutututurararara abuabuabuabulalalalaZe Ze Ze Ze 1973197319731973 _ i. abulaZe, Zveli qarTuli enis leqsikoni.,

Tbilisi. a a a ararararabubububulililili, , , , 2001200120012001 _ a. arabuli, zmnuri da saxeluri fuZeT-

qmnadobis problema qarTvelur enebSi, Tbilisi. bebebebeririririZe Ze Ze Ze 1994199419941994 _ m. beriZe, `hgies~ tipis zmnaTa daboloebis sa-

kiTxisaTvis qarTulSi, macne, enisa da literaturis seria, Tbilisi. bebebebeririririZe Ze Ze Ze 1998199819981998 _ m. beriZe, statikur zmnaTa erTi Jgufisa da

gardamaval zmnaTa I TurmeobiTis warmoebis sakiTxisaTvis, saenaT-mecniero Ziebani, VII, Tbilisi.

bebebebeririririZe Ze Ze Ze 2001200120012001 _ m. beriZe, àrs (aris)~ _ `hgies~ da àre~, àd-gili~, àlagi~ formaTa semantikuri da formobrivi mimarTebisa-Tvis, àrnold Ciqobavas sakiTxavebi~, masalebi, Tbilisi.

bebebebeririririZe Ze Ze Ze 2005200520052005 _ m. beriZe, alagis etimologiisaTvis, sulxan-sa-ba orbelianis saxelobis Tbilisis saxelmwifo pedagogiuri univer-siteti, qarTuli enis kaTedris Sromebi, Tbilisi.

gorgorgorgordedededeziziziziaaaani ni ni ni 1985198519851985 _ winareberZnuli da qarTveluri, Tbilisi. ToToToTofufufufuriariariaria, , , , qalqalqalqaldadadadani ni ni ni 2000200020002000 _ svanuri leqsikoni, Tbilisi. ToToToTofufufufuria ria ria ria 1947194719471947 _ v. Tofuria, qarTvelur enaTa sitKvawarmoe-

bidan IV, xmovanTavsarTovani saxelebi, Sromebi t. III, Tbilisi. ToToToTofufufufuriariariaria, , , , 1942194219421942 _ v. Tofuria, d TavsarTiani zmnebi, Tbili-

sis universitetis Sromebi, XXV, Tbilisi. kliklikliklimomomomovi vi vi vi 1964196419641964 _ Г. Климов, Этимологический словарь

картвельских языков, Москва.

Ì . Á Ä Ò É Þ Ä 42

lololololalalalaZe Ze Ze Ze 1995199519951995 _ n. lolaZe, statikur zmnaTa formobrivi da semantikuri klasifikaciisaTvis qarTvelur enebSi, sadisertacio na-Sromi, Tbilisi.

lololololalalalaZe Ze Ze Ze 2005200520052005 _ n. lolaZe, qona-Kolis zmnebi qarTulSi, sulxan-saba orbelianis saxelobis Tbilisis saxelmwifo pedagogiu-ri universiteti, qarTuli enis kaTedris Sromebi, Tbilisi.

nnnn. . . . mamamamaxaxaxaxararararaZeZeZeZe _ n. maxaraZe, saerToqarTveluri *-ar// -ar Ziris semantikuri arqetipis ZiebisaTvis (xelnaweri).

sasasasarrrrJJJJvevevevelalalalaZe Ze Ze Ze 1995199519951995 _ z. sarJvelaZe, Zveli qarTuli enis leqsi-koni, Tbilisi.

sasasasarrrrJJJJvevevevelalalalaZe Ze Ze Ze 2001 2001 2001 2001 _ z. sarJvelaZe, Zveli qarTuli enis sitKvis kona, Tbilisi.

sulsulsulsulxanxanxanxan----sasasasaba orba orba orba orbebebebelilililiaaaanininini 1993199319931993 _ sitKvis kona, Tbilisi. futfutfutfutkakakakararararaZe Ze Ze Ze 1993199319931993 _ S. futkaraZe, Cveneburebis qarTuli, baTu-

mi, 1993. futfutfutfutkakakakararararaZe Ze Ze Ze 1993199319931993 _ S. futkaraZe, Cveneburebis qarTuli, baTu-

mi. qarTuli enis ganmartebiTi leqsikoni. CuCuCuCubibibibinaSnaSnaSnaSvvvviiiili li li li 1913191319131913 _ n. CubinaSvili, qarTuli leqsikoni ru-

suli TargmaniTurT, tfilisi. yyyyumumumumbubububuririririZe Ze Ze Ze 2002 2002 2002 2002 _ z. yumburiZe, SoTa ZiZigurs (dabadebis 90

wliTavisadmi miZGvnili krebuli, Tbilisi.

Marine Berbdze

Verbs of Physical Condition and Expression of "Existence", "Being" and "Inhabitance" in Geotgian Language

S u m m a r y

Verbs of existence-condition have a tendency to develop other meanings

along with their basic meanings in the sub-systems of Georgian (old georgian and dialects):

Is (To be) _ Is alive Sits (To sit) _ Inhabits (Dwells)


43

Stands (To stand) _ Is (To be) Stands (To stand) _ Inhabits Stands (To stand) _ Is alive All these meanings are originated as a result of various developments of

semantic components of the verbs with general meaning of exitence. Usage of verbs of existence in georgian dialects in order to depict the

existence, being, inhabitance is caused by the development of semantic components of such verbs in connection with the original meanings of the verbs.

Presented article is only a small part of the research focusing on the formative and semantic connections of the verbs of existence, motion and condition in the georgian language.


Tea buryulaZeTea buryulaZeTea buryulaZeTea buryulaZe

erTi saxis Sekvecili hipotaqsuri

konstruqcia saSual qarTulSi

saSuali qarTulis werilobiT Zeglebze dakvirveba saintereso suraTs iZleva. zogadad am periodis nawarmoebebSi gvxvdeba sintaqsu-ri TvalsazrisiT rTuli wKobis winadadebebi. vrceli, gadatvirTu-li kostruqciebis gverdiT xSiria Sekvecili tipis winadadebebic.

saSual qarTulSi erTi winadadebis meorisadmi daqvemdebareba sxvadasxva sintaqsuri saSualebiT xorcieldeba. rogorc samecniero literaturaSia aGniSnuli, mTavar winadadebaSi xSirad moipoveba sakorelacio sitKvebi, maqvemdebarebeli kavSiri Tu wevr-kavSirebi. aseTi sitKvebi rTuli qvewKobili winadadebis nawilebis dakavSire-bis erT-erTi garegnuli saSualebaa (kvayaZe, gv. 385).

hipotaqsur konstruqciebSi xSirad gvxvdeba xolme or-ori sitKva, romlebic qvewKobili winadadebis nawilebs akavSireben. erTi maTgani mTavar winadadebaSia, meore ki _ damokidebulSi. aseTi wKvil-wKvili sitKvebia: ise-rom, iseTi-rom, imitom-rom, iseTi-rogo-ric, maSin-roca, iq-sadac..am wKvilebis calebs (mimarTebiT nacval-saxelsa da misamarT sitKvas) Soris specialuri kavSiri sintaqsu-ric aris da qvewKobil winadadebaSi sitKvaTa Soris urTierTobis amsaxvelic (erTeliSvili, gv.238).

saSuali qarTulis periodis werilobiT ZeglebSi Segvxvda Semdegi wKvil-wKvili sitKvebi: iseTi-romeli, ise-rom, rom-Tu, ise-Ti-rom-TiTqos, iq-sadac, ise-viTa, Tu-maSin...

rTul qvewKobil winadadebaTa agebisas am periodis ZeglebSi aris xolme xSir SemTxvevaSi orive wKvili:

`SevediT walkotsa Sina egeTegeTegeTegeTsasasasa, rorororomelmelmelmel ara dga walkoti swo-ri misi qveKanasa zeda!~ (amiran. gv.94); `sididiTa maTiTa da sikeTi-Ta CveniTa iseiseiseiseTiTiTiTi omi Seiqmna, rorororomemememe ficxlad omad kma iKo~. (ami-ran.gv.128); àseaseaseaseTiTiTiTi sidide da sifarTe qonda taxtis Tavsa, rorororome me me me oTxasi kaci daJdeboda~. (rusud. gv. s77); `zavisagan davedrebuli

ÄÒÈÉ ÓÀáÉÓ ÛÄÊÅÄÝÉËÉ äÉÐÏÔÀØÓÖÒÉ ÊÏÍÓÔÒÖØÝÉÀ....

45

sitKva moegona, eniSna da sixaruliTa esoesoesoesodedededenininini Sexta, rorororomemememe erTi sa-Turgno Sors warbina~. (rusud. gv.82);

magram aris iseTi SemTxvevebic, roca mTavar winadadebaSi misa-TiTebeli (sakorelacio) sitKva Tu sapirispiro kavSiri ar aris. asea dGevandel samwerlobo ZeglebSi. rogorc Cans, am tipis winada-debebi saSuali qarTulis ZeglebSic xSiria. magaliTad:

`SevibeniT da Seiqmna omi, rorororomemememelililili ara iTqmis kacisa enisagan sidide imisa da sificxe egeTi~ (amirandar. gv. 53); ficxlad cxeni Seutive, gavaqciven da davxocen, rorororomemememe mciredni-Ga vinme gardamexvew-nes~ (amirandar. gv.117); `da isrodes qvaTa didrovanTa eseTeseTeseTeseTTaTaTaTa, rorororo----memememe suliersa maTi nasroli qva ecis, wamsve moklis~ (amirandar. gv.93); `zavisagan taxti mZime da maGali daadgmevina saxelmwifo, rorororomemememe mis uSvenieresi ara iqneboda ra~ (rusud. gv.85); `ra aqiT aiKarnen da cota xani vles, daxvda gzani turfad mokazmulni, rorororomemememe mis uamesi ara iqneboda ra~ (rusud. sgv.102); Seiqmna grgvinva da zriali, rorororomelmelmelmel amas gvanda, casa miwazedan dascemeno~ (rusud. gv.127); mivKe im sisxlsa da mivel, sasasasadacdacdacdac veSapi moekla~ (rusud. gv.169); `me, viviviviTaTaTaTa Cemi sicocxle, miKvars Cemi viro, da viviviviTaTaTaTa Tvali, ar gameSvebis Cemi Sahro~ (visr. gv.19); `gaxelebul iKo, rorororomelmelmelmel si-kuStiTa avsa kargisagan ver gamoarCevda~ (visr. gv.19); `sasasasadadadadacacacaca gwa-dian, wamiKvane, ar gaKenebo~ (visr. gv.30); `Tu Tu Tu Tu orasi kaci saxlisa maSenebel iKos, erTi amaoxrebeli cud iqms maTsa naSenebsa~ (visr. gv.134); `mefeTa Sigan siuxve, viTviTviTviT edems alva, rgulia, rarararasasasasacacacaca gascem Senia, rac ara, dakargulia~ (vefx. gv.21); `Cemi zraxva siZunwisa, tKuis, vinvinvinvincacacaca daiKbedna!~ (vefx. gv.22); `brZaneT, modiT, SemebeniT, viviviviTaTaTaTa wesi da rigia~ (vefx. gv.140); `rarararaca ca ca ca SegcodeT, Segvindev, TviT Cvenve Segvinania~ (vefx. gv.137); `vinvinvinvincacacaca isminos, daesvas laxvari gul-sa xeuli~ (vefx. gv. 9)

aGvadginoT es formebi da miviGebT mis srul variants:

iseiseiseiseTiTiTiTi----rorororomemememelililili iseiseiseiseTiTiTiTi-----romromromrom iseiseiseise----------------romromromrom

SevibeniT da Seiqmna *iseiseiseiseTiTiTiTi omi, rorororomemememelililili ar iTqmis kacisa eni-sagan sidide imisa da sificxe egeTi (amirandar. gv. 53); zavisagan taxti *iseiseiseiseTi Ti Ti Ti mZime da maGali daadgmevina saxelmwifo, rorororomemememe mis uS-veneriesi ara iqneboda ra (rusud. gv. 85); ra iqiT aiKarnen da co-ta xani vles, daxvda gzani *iseiseiseise turfad mokazmulni, rorororomemememe mis uame-si ara iqneboda ra (rusud. gv. 102); *iseiseiseiseTiTiTiTi gaxelebuli iKo, romel

È . Á Ö Ò à Ö Ë À Þ Ä 46

sikuStiTa avsa kargisagan ver gamoarCevda (visram. gv. 19). ficxlad cxeni Seutive, gavaqciven da *iseiseiseise davxocen, rorororommmme mciredni-Ga vinme gardamexvewnes (amiran. gv. 117); Seiqmna *iseiseiseiseTiTiTiTi grgvinva da zriali, rorororomel mel mel mel amas gvanda, casa miwazedan dascemeno (rusud. gv. 127)

aq warmodgenil gansaGvrebiT damokidebul winadadebebSi aGvadgineT korelati sitKva iseiseiseiseTiTiTiTi, , , , romelsac xsnis da azustebs damokidebuli winadadeba.

iseiseiseise----------------viviviviTaTaTaTa iqiqiqiq--------------------sasasasadacdacdacdac

me, viviviviTa Ta Ta Ta Cemi sicocoxle, *iseiseiseise miKvars Cemi viro, da viTa Tva-li, *iseiseiseise ar gameSvebis Cemi Sahro (visr. gv. 19); mefeTa Sigan siuxve, viTviTviTviT edems alva, *iseiseiseise rgulia (rusT. gv. 21); mivKe im sisxlsa da *iq iq iq iq mivel, sasasasadacdacdacdac veSapi moekla (rusud. gv. 169); sasasasadacdacdacdac gwadian, *iq iq iq iq wa-miKvane, ar gaKenebo (visr. gv. 30); *iseiseiseise ganaTlda are misiT, viTviTviTviT mTvare ros ganxmul iKvnes cani xomiTa~ (abdulmes. gv. 325); ars *iseiseiseiseTiTiTiTi uSiS, viviviviTa Ta Ta Ta misiTa SviTa dauklebelni srulni Svebani (Tama-rian. gv. 354); da viviviviTarTarTarTar arwivTa *iseiseiseise mimarTes da viviviviTarTarTarTar vefxvni *iseiseiseise ekveTnis (cx.mef.-mef. Tamar. gv.390); da Kovladve *iseiseiseise ara uk-virdis, viTarca xorcielsa megobrisa� (sasw. wmind. giorg. gv. 425); ars cnobaT *iseiseiseiseTiTiTiTi moTxe, viviviviTa Ta Ta Ta samoTxe (Tamar. gv. 354); *iseiseiseise bnel-hKofs KovelTa qveKnis mpKrobelTa, viTviTviTviT mze dahfaravs sxvaTa var-skvlavTa (abdulmes. gv. 329); mterTa maxvilni *iseiseiseise iqmnes, viTviTviTviT cvilni, maxiTa miTve, romeli daarwKves (abdulmes. gv. 328)

moKvanil winadadebaSi aGdgenilia adgilisa da viTarebis ga-remoebiTi damokidebuli winadadebis korelati sitKvebi iseiseiseise da iqiqiqiq. . . . aqac maT azustebs Sesabamisi damokidebuli winadadeba.

*mamamamaSinSinSinSin------------TuTuTuTu *mamamamaSinSinSinSin------------rorororocacacaca

*ra ra ra ra gesma mSvidsa, mamamamaSinSinSinSin saqmesa Svidsa xel-hKav sibrZniTa ar SfoTebulad (Tamar. gv. 352); *TuTuTuTu orasi kaci saxlisa maSenebel iKos, mamamamaSinSinSinSin erTi amaoxrebeli cud iqms maTsa naSenebsa (visram. gv. 134).

am tipis winadadebebSi (drois garemoebiT damokidebul wina-dadebebSi) korelatebad gvaqvs aGdgenili drois zmnisarTebi, rom-lebic enacvlebian damokidebul winadadebas. is ki Tavis mxriv azus-tebs rTul winadadebaSi drois gamomxatvel sitKvebs.

ÄÒÈÉ ÓÀáÉÓ ÛÄÊÅÄÝÉËÉ äÉÐÏÔÀØÓÖÒÉ ÊÏÍÓÔÒÖØÝÉÀ....

47

aqve aGvniSnavT, rom im drois naTargmn teqstebsa da origina-lur Zeglebs Soris am TvalsazrisiT sxvaoba ar aris. orivegan er-Tnairi suraTi Cans _ aris srulica da Sekvecili formebic.

sazogadod qarTulSi hipotaqsuri konstruqciebisaTvis ucxo ar aris kveca. èna cdilobs, sadac SesaZlebelia, aeridos ganmeo-rebas, daamoklos nawilebi da ise Seamyidrovs isini, rom gagebineba (komunikacia) ar dazaraldes~ (kvantaliani, gv. 7).

am tipis winadadebebSi imis gamo, rom sakorelacio sitKva Tu sapirispiro kavSiri ar aris, azri ar irGveva da gagebineba Si-naarsisa srulia. aq sxvaoba niuansebSia. rodesac mTavar winadadeba-Si aris romelime misaTiTebeli sitKva, is Tavidanve gvavaraudebi-nebs, rom mas mohKveba damokidebuli winadadeba.rogorc saTanado literaturaSia aGniSnuli, hipotaqsur winadadebaSi Tu ar aris aseTi sitKva, es ufro damoukidebels, TavisTavads xdis mas (kvayaZe, gv. 386). magaliTad, winadadebaSi `mivKe im sisxlsa da mivel, sadac veSapi moekla~ (rusud. gv. 169) mTavari winadadeba mivKe im sismivKe im sismivKe im sismivKe im sis----xlsa da mxlsa da mxlsa da mxlsa da miiiivelvelvelvel ufro damoukidebeli Cans, raki masSi ar aris ko-relati sitKva iqiqiqiq. xolo magaliTSi `man diacman uZGvna erTi Sesa-moseli egeTi, romlisa msgavsi kacisa Tvalisagan ara naxula ra~ (amiran. gv. 120), mTavar winadadebaSi ((((man diman diman diman diacacacacman uZGvna erman uZGvna erman uZGvna erman uZGvna erTiTiTiTi SeSeSeSe----sasasasamomomomoseseseseli egeli egeli egeli egeTiTiTiTi) gamoKenebuli sitKva egeegeegeegeTiTiTiTi migvaniSnebs, rom mas damokidebuli winadadeba unda mohKves.

korelati sitKvebis uqonlobis SemTxvevaSi damokidebuli wi-nadadeba uSualod ukavSirdeba da xsnis mTavari winadadebis Semas-menels (kiziria gv. 115). magaliTad, winadadebaSi `SeSeSeSeiqiqiqiqmna grgvinmna grgvinmna grgvinmna grgvinva va va va da zrida zrida zrida zriaaaalililili, , , , rorororomel amas gvanmel amas gvanmel amas gvanmel amas gvandadadada, , , , cacacacasa misa misa misa miwawawawazezezezedan dadan dadan dadan dascescescescememememenononono~ gamo-tovebulia misaTiTebeli sitKva iseiseiseiseTiTiTiTi............. . . . mTavari winadadebebis Se-masmenels SeSeSeSeiqiqiqiqmnamnamnamna xsnis da akonkretebs korelati sitKvis nacvlad mTlianad damokidebuli winadadeba _ rorororomel amas gvanmel amas gvanmel amas gvanmel amas gvandadadada, , , , cacacacasa sa sa sa mimimimiaaaazezezezedan dadan dadan dadan dascescescescememememenononono....

rodesac qvewKobil winadadebaSi sakavSirebeli sitKva gamoto-vebulia, maSin damokidebuli winadadebis tipze mimarTebiTi zmnize-da migviTiTebs xolme. xolo rodesac korelati sitKvac gamotove-bulia da kavSiric polisemantikuria, aseT SemTxvevaSi damokidebu-li winadadebis romelobaze laparaki mTeli qvewKobili winadade-biT gamoxatuli azris mixedviT xerxdeba (erTeliSvili, gv. 223).

saSuali qarTulis ZeglebSi zogadad Cans, rom vrceli, sru-li hipotaqsuri wKobis gverdiT gvxvdeba Sekvecili winadadebebic. amasTanave aGvniSnavT, rom ufro metad yarbobs iseTi wKoba, sadac

È . Á Ö Ò à Ö Ë À Þ Ä 48

misaTiTebeli(sakorelacio) sitKvaca da sapirispiro kavSiric aris. Tumca hipotaqsuri Sekvecili formebis damkvidreba am periodis qarTulSi aSkaraa da dGevandel samwerlobo enaSic ganviTarebuli es wKoba swored am droidan gvxvdeba.

lilililiteteteterarararatutututurararara ki ki ki kiziziziziriariariaria 1969 1969 1969 1969 _ a. kiziria, rTuli winadadebis Sedgeniloba

Zvel qarTulSi, Tbilisi, 1969. kvakvakvakvayayayayaZe Ze Ze Ze 1996199619961996 _ l. kvayaZe, Tanamedrove qarTuli enis sintaqsi,

meoTxe Sevsebuli gamocema, Tbilisi, 1996. ererererTeTeTeTeliSliSliSliSvivivivili li li li 1963 1963 1963 1963 _ f. erTeliSvili, rTuli winadadebis

istoriisaTvis qarTulSi I, hipotaqsis sakiTxebi, Tbilisi, 1963. kvankvankvankvantatatatalilililiaaaani ni ni ni 1990 1990 1990 1990 _ l. kvantaliani, qarTuli zepiri metKve-

lebis sintaqsis sakiTxebi, Tbilisi, 1990.

Tea Burtchuladze

One Type of Elided Hypotactic Construction in Middle Georgian

Summary

During the construction of a compound subordinate sentence in the middle

Georgian two words often occur, which connect the parts of subordinate clause. But such a construction occurs where there is no correlative or adversative conjunction in a principle sentence. Owing to this in such a sentence conception is not refuted and essence is completely understood. When there is any correlative word in a principle sentence it makes us suppose that it is followed by a subordinate clause, but when there is not such a word in a hypotactic construction it makes a sentence more subordinate one.

Establishing of elided hypotactic construction, forms in middle Georgian is obvious and this structure developed in the modern literary language occur since this time.


elisabed gazdelianielisabed gazdelianielisabed gazdelianielisabed gazdeliani

mravlobiTi ricxvis warmoebis zogi sakiTxi

svanuri enis saxelebSi

svanuri enis balszemouri dialeqtis saxelTa mravlobiTi ri-cxvis warmoebas specialuri werili uZGvna T. SaraZeniZem (SaraZeni-Ze 1954, 189-205). ZiriTadad balszemouris msgavsad iwarmoeba mr. ricxvi svanuri enis Kvela dialeqtSi. miGebuli daskvnebi vrcelde-ba sxva dialeqtebis monacemebzec. saxelis fuZeze mr. ricxvis su-fiqsis darTvas Tan sdevs sxvadasxva fonetikuri procesebi, damaxa-siaTebeli ama Tu im dialeqtisaTvis. imis mixedviT, TanxmovanfuZia-nia Tu xmovanfuZiani saxeli, saxelis fuZeSi xdeba reduqcia, mr. ricxvis niSniseuli Tanxmovnis disimilacia, asimilacia, morfemaTa zGvarze xmovanTkompleqsebis SerwKma erT grZel xmovnad (grZel-xmovnian dialeqtebSi), iiii, ………… bgerebis an -alalalal, -arararar marcvlebis gaCena saxelis fuZisa da ricxvis niSans Soris.

samecniero literaturidan cnobilia, rom svanurSi mr. ricxvs ramdenime niSani aqvs. saxelis fuZis saxeobis da semantikuri Jgufebis mixedviT, mr. ricxvis niSnebi sxvadasxvaa. Kvelaze xSirad saxelebi mr. ricxvSi dairTaven _ -�r�r�r�r zs., lnt. -arararar lSx. sufiqsebs. mr. ricxvis warmoebis sakiTxs svanurSi am enis TiTqmis Kvela speci-alisti Seexo: (a. SaniZe; k. dondua; v. Tofuria; T. SaraZeniZe; m. qaldani; z. yumburiZe; a. oniani; i. CantlaZe).

vnaxoT iseTi boloTanxmovniani saxelebi, romlebic dialeqte-bis mixedviT erTmaneTisagan gansxvavdebian, mxolod umlautis an sigrZis qona-arqoniT: ƒ�nƒ�nƒ�nƒ�n zs., lnt. ƒanƒanƒanƒan lSx. `xari~ ƒanƒanƒanƒan-�r�r�r�r zs., lnt. ƒanƒanƒanƒan-arararar lSx. `xarebi~; q…inq…inq…inq…in zs., lnt. qunqunqunqun lSx. `suli~ qunqunqunqun-�r�r�r�r zs., lnt. ququququnnnn-arararar lSx. `sulebi~; JiJ…JiJ…JiJ…JiJ… `Zvali~ JiJ…JiJ…JiJ…JiJ…-�r�r�r�r zs., lnt. JiJ…JiJ…JiJ…JiJ…-arararar lSx. `Zvlebi~, qafqafqafqaf `tvirTi~ qafqafqafqaf-�r�r�r�r zs., lnt. qafqafqafqaf-arararar lSx. `tvirTe-bi~; qipqipqipqip `Zafi~ qipqipqipqip-�r�r�r�r zs., lnt. qipqipqipqip-arararar lSx. `Zafebi~.

balszemour saxelebSi, romlebic fuZeSi Seicaven rrrr sonants

Ä . Â À Æ Ã Ä Ë É À Í É 50

xdeba sufiqsis -rrrr's disimilacia (SaraZeniZe 1954, 189). aseve xdeba qvemosvanur dialeqtebSi laSxursa da lentexurSi. Sesabamisad saxe-lebi dairTaven -�l�l�l�l bz., lnt. -alalalal lSx. mr. ricxvis niSnebs. mag. qorqorqorqor `saxli~ qorqorqorqor-�l�l�l�l bz., º qor…qor…qor…qor…-�l�l�l�l, lnt., qorqorqorqor-alalalal lSx. `saxlebi~; z�rz�rz�rz�r bz., lnt. zarzarzarzar lSx., zarzarzarzar-�l�l�l�l bz., lnt. zarzarzarzar-alalalal lSx. `zarebi~; G�rTG�rTG�rTG�rT bz., lnt. GarTGarTGarTGarT lSx., `nabadi~ GarTGarTGarTGarT-�l�l�l�l bz., lnt. GarTGarTGarTGarT-alalalal lSx. `nabdebi~; …�rg…�rg…�rg…�rg bz., lnt. …arg…arg…arg…arg lSx. `Tavadi, aznauri~ …arg…arg…arg…arg-�l�l�l�l bz., lnt. …arg…arg…arg…arg-alalalal lSx. `Tavadebi...~ wirxwirxwirxwirx `Gvleryi~ wirxwirxwirxwirx-�l�l�l�l bz., lnt. wirxwirxwirxwirx-alalalal lSx. `Gvleryebi~.

am tipis saxelebSi balsqvemour dialeqtSi rrrr > llll disimila-cia ar xdeba. -�r�r�r�r mr. ricxvis niSani KovelTvis ucvleladaa warmo-dgenili. bq. qorqorqorqor-�r�r�r�r `saxlebi~; zarzarzarzar-�r�r�r�r `zarebi~; CerCCerCCerCCerC-�r�r�r�r `CenCoebi~; …osr…osr…osr…osr-�r�r�r�r `Coxebi~; …arg…arg…arg…arg-�r�r�r�r `Tavadebi~; GarTGarTGarTGarT-�r�r�r�r `nabdebi~ da sxva. mr. ricxvis aseTi formebi zogJer SeiZleba balszemour dialeqteb-Sic Segvxvdes erTmaneTis paralelurad. garkveulia, rom balszemou-ri dialeqtis latalur da lenJerul kilokavebSi `fuZiseul rrrr'sTan mr. sufiqsis rrrr disimilacias ar ganicdis~ (SaraZeniZe 1970, 45).

latali da lenJeri uSualod emezoblebian balsqvemour dia-leqtze molaparake soflebs. aseTi tendencia SeiniSneba uSgulur-Sic, romelic sakmaod daSorebulia balsqvemourisagan, rogorc te-ritoriulad, ise metKvelebiT.

aqve unda aGiniSnos lentexuri dialeqtisaTvis damaxasiaTebe-li Tavisebureba. llll's momdevno poziciaSi -�r�r�r�r > �l�l�l�l, -iriririr > -ilililil. (oni-ani 1998, 100). e. i. lentexurSi, roca fuZiseul llll's uSualod mo-sdevs -�r�r�r�r mr. ricxvis niSani, asimilaciis gziT viGebT -�l�l�l�l mr. ri-cxvis niSans, rac TiTqmis ar gvxvdeba sxva dialeqtebSi. lentexurSi adgili aqvs, rogorc disimilacias rrrr > llll (-�r�r�r�r > -�l�l�l�l), ise mr. ri-cxvis -�r�r�r�r sufiqsis rrrr's asimilacias saxelis fuZis bolo llll' Tanxmo-vanTan. mag. lnt. bimbimbimbimbilbilbilbil `marcvali~ bimbimbimbimbilbilbilbil-�l�l�l�l º bimblbimblbimblbimbl-�l�l�l�l `mar-cvlebi~; CaCaCaCafulfulfulful `fexsacmeli~ CaflCaflCaflCafl-�l�l�l�l `fexsacmelebi~; mocq…ilmocq…ilmocq…ilmocq…il `mociquli~ mocqvlmocqvlmocqvlmocqvl-�l�l�l�l `mociqulebi~; …ol `mKinvari~ …ol…ol…ol…ol-�l�l�l�l `mKinvarebi~; t�lt�lt�lt�l `laqa~ taltaltaltal-�l�l�l�l `laqebi~; qilqilqilqil èSvi~ qilqilqilqil-�l�l�l�l èS-vebi~; nenenenepolpolpolpol `Citi~ nenenenepolpolpolpol-�l�l�l�l `Citebi~; qaT�lqaT�lqaT�lqaT�l `qaTami~ qaqaqaqaTalTalTalTal-�l�l�l�l `qaTmebi~.. sxva dialeqtebSi am saxelebis mr. ricxvSi gveqneba -�r�r�r�r zs., -arararar lSx. sufiqsebi. lentexur dialeqtSi saxelis Tavkidur po-ziciaSi arsebuli llll mr. ricxvis -�r�r�r�r sufiqsze gavlenas ver axdens. laxlaxlaxlax………… `mTa~ lax…lax…lax…lax…-�r�r�r�r `mTebi~, lesklesklesklesk `gverdi~ lesklesklesklesk-�r�r�r�r `gverdebi~; l�deGl�deGl�deGl�deG `dGe~ lalalaladeGdeGdeGdeG-�r�r�r�r `dGeebi~ da sxv.

balszemourSi `-�l�l�l�l sufiqsi aaaa da eeee boloxmovnian saxelebs er-

ÌÒÀÅËÏÁÉÈÉ ÒÉÝáÅÉÓ ßÀÒÌÏÄÁÉÓ ÆÏÂÉ ÓÀÊÉÈáÉ ÓÅÀÍÖÒÉ....

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Tvis. fuZis bolo xmovnebi mravlobiTis -’’’’ xmovans SeerwKmis: aaaa+’l’l’l’l>’l’l’l’l; eeee+’l’l’l’l>’l’l’l’l. ase, rom daboloeba aaaa da eeee boloxmovnian saxe-lebSi erTnairia~ (SaraZeniZe 1854, 189). aq unda dazustdes, rom -eeee, -aaaa fuZiseul xmovans morfemaTa zGvarze xvdeba ara -’l’l’l’l (grZeli xmovniT), aramed -�l�l�l�l sufiqsi da aaaa+�� (< �l�l�l�l < �r�r�r�r), eeee+ �� (< �l�l�l�l < �r�r�r�r) xmovanTa SerwKmiT balszemourSi viGebT -’l’l’l’l grZelxmovnian mr. ri-cxvis niSans. grZeldeba sufiqsiseuli xmovani -aaaa, -eeee boloxmovnian saxelebTan, romelTa fuZeebi rrrr's Seicaven, disimilaciiT da xmovan-Ta SerwKmis gziT -’l’l’l’l'is gamovlena axsnadia. mag. bz.: S‹raS‹raS‹raS‹ra `dolabi~ *S‹raS‹raS‹raS‹ra+��llll > S‹rS‹rS‹rS‹r-’l’l’l’l `dolabebi~, gurgurgurgurnananana `riKis qva; qvasanaKi~ *gurgurgurgur----nananana+�l�l�l�l > gurngurngurngurn+’l’l’l’l `riKis qvebi...~ gar‰Sagar‰Sagar‰Sagar‰Sa `yari~ *gar‰Sagar‰Sagar‰Sagar‰Sa+�l�l�l�l > gagagagaraSraSraSraS-’l’l’l’l `yarebi~; q…iTq…iTq…iTq…iTrararara `qurdi~ *q…iTq…iTq…iTq…iTrararara+�l�l�l�l > q…iTrq…iTrq…iTrq…iTr-’l `qurdebi~; larlarlarlardadadada `sadgomi~... *larlarlarlardadadada+�l�l�l�l > lardlardlardlard-’l’l’l’l `sadgomebi~.

balszemourSi -’l’l’l’l mr. ricxvis niSans gamoavlens -aaaa xmovanze da-boloebuli saxelebic, romelTa fuZeSi rrrr ar aris, e. i. llll's (< �l�l�l�l) gamo-vlena fonetikurad Sepirobebuli ar aris. mag.: G‰yaG‰yaG‰yaG‰ya `nijara~ G‰yaG‰yaG‰yaG‰ya+�l�l�l�l > G‰yG‰yG‰yG‰y-’l’l’l’l `nijarebi~; gagagagafafafafa `buniki mSvildis~ *gagagagafafafafa+�l�l�l�l > gafgafgafgaf-’l’l’l’l `bunikebi~; ZuG…aZuG…aZuG…aZuG…a `zGva~ *ZuG…aZuG…aZuG…aZuG…a+�l�l�l�l > ZuG…ZuG…ZuG…ZuG…-’l’l’l’l `zGvebi~; heheheheyayayaya `ma-Ja~ *hŠyahŠyahŠyahŠya+�l�l�l�l > hŠyhŠyhŠyhŠy-’l’l’l’l `maJebi~; segsegsegsegdadadada `xis vedro~ *segsegsegsegdadadada+�l�l�l�l > segdsegdsegdsegd-’l’l’l’l `xis vedroebi~. aseve -eeee boloxmovniani saxelebi, romelTa fuZeSi aris -�r�r�r�r ricxvis niSnis disimilaciis gamomwvevi r r r r da im SemTxveva-Sic, roca is ar aris, es saxelebi -’l’l’l’l mr. ricxvis niSans dairTaven.

eeee-ze daboloebul rrrr's Semcveli saxelebi: m‰rem‰rem‰rem‰re `kaci~ *m‰rem‰rem‰rem‰re+�l�l�l�l > m‰rm‰rm‰rm‰r-’l’l’l’l `kacebi~; TxŠreTxŠreTxŠreTxŠre `mgeli~ *TxeTxeTxeTxerererere+�l�l�l�l > TxerTxerTxerTxer-�l�l�l�l `mglebi~; l‰rel‰rel‰rel‰re `saTibi~ *l‰rel‰rel‰rel‰re+�l�l�l�l > l‰rl‰rl‰rl‰r-’l’l’l’l `saTibebi~; …ere…ere…ere…ere `wve-ri~ *…ere…ere…ere…ere+�l�l�l�l > …er…er…er…er-’l’l’l’l `wverebi~; let…relet…relet…relet…re `sanTeli~ let…relet…relet…relet…re+�l�l�l�l > let…rlet…rlet…rlet…r-’l’l’l’l `sanTlebi.

-eeee boloxmovniani saxelebi romelTa fuZeSi rrrr ar aris. mag.: jajajajaxexexexe `saxeli~ *jajajajaxexexexe+�l�l�l�l > jaxjaxjaxjax-’l’l’l’l `saxelebi~; K…ijeK…ijeK…ijeK…ije `GviZli~ *K…ijeK…ijeK…ijeK…ije+�l �l �l �l > Kuij Kuij Kuij Kuij-’l’l’l’l `GviZlebi~; leyleyleyleymemememe `saTibi~ *leyleyleyleymemememe+�l�l�l�l > leymleymleymleym-’l’l’l’l `saTibebi~...

amrigad, balszemourSi aaaa da eeee boloxmovnian saxelebs daerT-viT �l�l�l�l (< �r�r�r�r) mravlobiTi ricxvis niSani da morfemaTa zGvarze (saxelis fuZes + mr. ricxvis niSani) warmoqmnil aaaa + �� (< �l�l�l�l) da eeee + �� (< �l�l�l�l) xmovanTkompleqsebSi, xmovanTa SerwKmis Sedegad viGebT grZel -’’’’(-’l’l’l’l), orive SemTxvevaSi ricxvis niSniseuli xmovani grZeldeba.

laSxur dialeqtSi aaaa, e e e e boloxmovnian saxelebTan balszemou-ris -’l’l’l’l-is nacvlad Tavs iCens -ŠlŠlŠlŠl mr. ricxvis niSani, rogorc cno-bilia, balszemouris ��'s laSxurSi eeee SeesatKviseba (SaniZe 1957,


372). `laSxuri mravlobiTobis morfemis grZelxmovniani alomorfi -ŠlŠlŠlŠl miGebulia fuZiseuli -eeee, -aaaa xmovnebis SeerTebiT balszemouri ��'s SesatKvis -eeee xmovanTan (oniani, 1969, 115) da a a a a + e e e e > Š Š Š Š; e e e e + e e e e > Š Š Š Š~.

-ŠlŠlŠlŠl ricxvis niSani gvaqvs laSxur dialeqtSi, rogorc rrrr's mqo-ne, ise ar mqone saxelebis fuZeebTan. mag. lSx. S‹raS‹raS‹raS‹ra dolabi *S‹raS‹raS‹raS‹ra+elelelel > S‹rS‹rS‹rS‹r-ŠlŠlŠlŠl `dolabebi~; gurgurgurgurnananana `qvasanaKi~ *gurgurgurgurnananana+elelelel > gurngurngurngurn-ŠŠŠŠllll `qvasanaKebi~; adadadadrararara ìeli~ *adadadadrararara+elelelel > adradradradr-ŠlŠlŠlŠl ìelebi~; larlarlarlardadadada `sadgomi~ *larlarlarlardadadada+elelelel > lardlardlardlard-ŠlŠlŠlŠl `sadgomebi~; xoxxoxxoxxoxrararara ùm-crosi~ *xoxxoxxoxxoxrararara+elelelel > xoxrxoxrxoxrxoxr-ŠlŠlŠlŠl ùmcrosebi~.

lSx. -aaaa boloxmovniani saxelebi, romelTa fuZeSi rrrr ar aris: mag. ƒ…ilaƒ…ilaƒ…ilaƒ…ila `Kore~ *ƒ…ilaƒ…ilaƒ…ilaƒ…ila+elelelel > ƒ…ilƒ…ilƒ…ilƒ…il-ŠlŠlŠlŠl `Koreebi~; nignignignigbabababa `Subli~ *nignignignigbabababa+elelelel > nigbnigbnigbnigb-ŠlŠlŠlŠl `Sublebi~; GabGabGabGabnananana `mozveri~ *GabGabGabGabnananana+elelelel > GabnGabnGabnGabn-ŠlŠlŠlŠl `mozvrebi~; JuaJuaJuaJua `Zukna~ *JuaJuaJuaJua+elelelel > JuJuJuJu-ŠlŠlŠlŠl `Zuknebi~...

lSx. -eeee boloxmovniani saxelebi, sadac fuZeSi mr. ricxvis su-fiqsiseuli rrrr's disimilaciis gamomwvevi mizezi arsebobs: TxŠreTxŠreTxŠreTxŠre `mgeli~ *TxŠreTxŠreTxŠreTxŠre+elelelel > TxŠrTxŠrTxŠrTxŠr-ŠlŠlŠlŠl `mgelbi~; l‰rel‰rel‰rel‰re `saTibi~ *l‰rel‰rel‰rel‰re+elelelel > l‰rl‰rl‰rl‰r-ŠlŠlŠlŠl `saTibebi~; m‰rem‰rem‰rem‰re `kaci~ *m‰rem‰rem‰rem‰re+elelelel > m‰rm‰rm‰rm‰r-ŠlŠlŠlŠl `kacebi~ g…ereg…ereg…ereg…ere `tKavi~ *g…ereg…ereg…ereg…ere+elelelel > g…erg…erg…erg…er-ŠlŠlŠlŠl `tKavebi~.

eeee'ze daboloebuli saxelis fuZeebi, sadac rrrr' ar gvaqvs: mag.: lukluklukluknenenene `Kveliani yadi~ *lukluklukluknenenene+elelelel > luknluknluknlukn-ŠlŠlŠlŠl `Kveliani

yadebi~; G…eseG…eseG…eseG…ese `badeqoni~ *G…eseG…eseG…eseG…ese+el el el el > G…es G…es G…es G…es-Šl Šl Šl Šl `badeqonebi~; GaleGaleGaleGale `frTa~ *GaleGaleGaleGale+elelelel > GalGalGalGal-ŠlŠlŠlŠl `frTebi~; K…ijeK…ijeK…ijeK…ije `GviZli~ > *K…ijeK…ijeK…ijeK…ije+el el el el > K…ij K…ij K…ij K…ij-ŠlŠlŠlŠl `GviZlebi~; fxufxufxufxulelelele `TiTi~ *fxufxufxufxulelelele+elelelel > fxulfxulfxulfxul-ŠlŠlŠlŠl `TiTebi~.

-aaaa, -eeee boloxmovnian saxelebTan laSxur dialeqtSi mr. ricxvis -elelelel ricxvis niSnis darTviT iqmneba -aaaa+eeee, -eeee+eeee xmovanTkompleqsebi, romelTa SerwKmiT, orive SemTxvevaSi, viGebT -ŠlŠlŠlŠl grZelxmovnian mr. ricxvis sufiqss.

`rac Seexeba -’l’l’l’l bz., -ŠlŠlŠlŠl lSx. romlebic aaaa, e e e e xmovanTa momdev-no poziciaSi dasturdeba, roca cvlilebis r r r r > l l l l mizezi ar arse-bobs: d‹nd‹nd‹nd‹n-’l’l’l’l bz.: d‹nd‹nd‹nd‹n-ŠlŠlŠlŠl lSx. `gogoebi~; jaxjaxjaxjax-’l’l’l’l bz., jaxjaxjaxjax-ŠlŠlŠlŠl lSx. `saxelebi~ da sxva. am llll's rrrr'sagan momdinareobis sawinaaGmdegod metKvelebs (oniani 1989, 230). z. yumburiZis mier gamoTqmulia mo-sazreba `rom aaaa, e e e e xmovanfuZian saxelTa mravlobiT ricxvs balsze-mour kiloSi awarmoebs pirveladi da ara disimilirebuli -alalalal, romlis xmovanic -�r�r�r�r sufiqsis msgavsad umlautiania da fuZis bo-lokidur xmovanTan SerwKmis Sedegad grZelia, ase rom, sabolood mr. ricxvis mawarmoeblad warmogvidgeba -’l’l’l’l~ (yumburiZe 2007, 79). gamodis rom, -llll sonantiani mr. ricxvis Kvela niSani pirveladi su-


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fiqsebia balszemour da qvemosvanur dialeqtebSi. rogorc viciT, dasaxelebul dialeqtebSi -llll sonantiani mr. ricxvis sufiqsis gamo-vlena, umetes SemTxvevaSi, disimilaciis an asimilaciis (lentexur-Si) Sedegia. saKuradGeboa Semdegi faqtic, balsqvemourma dialeqt-ma -�l�l�l�l mr. ricxvis niSani TiTqmis ar icis. im saxelebTan, sadac mi-si gamovlenis mizezi ar arsebobs, SeiZleba, formaTa gaTanabrebas, analogias mivaweroT.

-aaaa, e e e e xmovanfuZiani saxelebi balsqvemourSi dairTaven -olololol mr. ricxvis niSans.

aaaa-ze daboloebuli saxelebi: didididinananana `gogo~ dindindindin-olololol `gogoebi~; ZuG…aZuG…aZuG…aZuG…a `zGva~ ZuG…ZuG…ZuG…ZuG…-olololol `zGvebi~; bobobobotatatata `vaci~ botbotbotbot-olololol `vacebi~; laƒ…ralaƒ…ralaƒ…ralaƒ…ra `fanJara~ laƒ…rlaƒ…rlaƒ…rlaƒ…r-olololol `fanJrebi~; ababababgagagaga àbga~ abgabgabgabg-olololol àbge-bi~; SiSiSiSirararara `dolabi~ SirSirSirSir-olololol `dolabebi~; memememesg…lasg…lasg…lasg…la `nacarqaTama~ memememe----sg…lsg…lsg…lsg…l-olololol `nacarqaTamebi~; buG…abuG…abuG…abuG…a `buGa~ buGbuGbuGbuG-olololol `buGebi~.

eeee-ze daboloebuli saxelebi: mamamamarererere `kaci~ marmarmarmar-olololol `kacebi~; g…ereg…ereg…ereg…ere `tKavi~ g…erg…erg…erg…er-olololol `tKavebi~; G…eseG…eseG…eseG…ese `baleqoni~ G…esG…esG…esG…es-olololol `ba-deqonebi~; memememezgezgezgezge òJaxi~ mezgmezgmezgmezg-olololol òJaxebi~; lalalalarererere `saTibi~ larlarlarlar-olololol `saTibebi~; babababalelelele `foToli~ balbalbalbal-olololol `foTlebi~.

T. SaraZeniZe balsqvemourisaTvis gamoKofs mr. ricxvis erT-erT niSnad -alualualualu sufiqss da aGniSnavs, rom `rogorc Cans -alualualualu farTod Kofila gamoKenebuli balsqvemourSi, sadac mas garkveuli fonetikuri cvlilebebi ganucdia, -uuuu's winamavali aaaa miumsgavsebia nawilobriv TviTon ki dakargula alalalal-uuuu → olololol-uuuu → olololol. amjamad balsqvemourSi arsebiT saxelebTan balszemouri -’l’l’l’l-is Sesabamisad -olololol ixmareba. magram uuuu daculia zog sitKvaSi: xoCxoCxoCxoC-oluoluoluolu `kargebi~; xoSxoSxoSxoS-oluoluoluolu ùfrosebi~ da a. S.~ (SaraZeniZe 1954, 201).

lentexurSi -aaaa, -eeee boloxmovniani saxelebi mr. ricxvSi bolo xmovans kargaven da imis mixedviT, fuZeSi aris rrrr, l l l l sonorebi Tu ara, dairTaven -alalalal, -arararar sufiqsebs, umlautis gareSe. uumlautoba am sufiqsebSi axsnilia imiT, rom `warmoSobiT grZel xmovnebs lente-xurSi umlauti ar moudiT~ (SaniZe 1981, 367). rogorc viciT, grZelxmovnian dialeqteSi aaaa, eeee boloxmovnian saxelebze mr. ricxvis sufiqsebis darTviT iqmneba xmovanTkompleqsebi da ori xmovnis SerwKmiT grZelxmovnian mr. ricxvis sufiqsebs viGebT, e. i. am saxe-lebTan gvaqvs poziciiT Sepirobebuli xmovanTa sigrZe, da am saxe-lebis mravlobiT ricxvSi lentexurSi umlautiani sufiqsebi mainc gvxvdeba.

mag.: fek…nafek…nafek…nafek…na `lekvi~ fek…nfek…nfek…nfek…n-arararar `lekvebi~; GabeGabeGabeGabenananana `mozveri~ GabenGabenGabenGaben-arararar `mozvrebi~; SiSiSiSirararara `dolabi~ SirSirSirSir-alalalal `dolabebi~; uG…nauG…nauG…nauG…na


ìdaKvi~ uG…nuG…nuG…nuG…n-alalalal º -arararar ìdaKvebi~; uG…auG…auG…auG…a ùGeli~ uG…uG…uG…uG…-arararar ùGlebi~ lelelelefxnafxnafxnafxna `cxvari~ lefxnlefxnlefxnlefxn-arararar `cxvirebi~; l�zgal�zgal�zgal�zga `sacxovrebeli~ lazglazglazglazg-arararar `sacxovreblebi~; GulaGulaGulaGula `muxli~ GulGulGulGul-alalalal `muxlebi~. gagagagagagagagadadadada `nika-pi~ gagagagagadgadgadgad-arararar `nikapebi~.

Taviseburad awarmoebs mr. ricxvs dedededenananana `gogo~ (Sdr. bz. d‹nad‹nad‹nad‹na) lentexuri, mr. n�dn�dn�dn�d{iiii}enenenen-�r�r�r�r º -arararar `gogoebi~... wesiT aq umlauti ar unda gvqondes, radgan balszemourSi da laSxurSi mr. ricxvis su-fiqsi grZelxmovniania, Sdr. bz. d‹nd‹nd‹nd‹n-’l’l’l’l, lSx. d‹nd‹nd‹nd‹n-ŠlŠlŠlŠl; lentexuri dialeqtis mr. ricxvSi arsebuli nanananadidididienenenen fuZe dasturdeba mxolod qvemosvanurSi.

eeee'ze daboloebuli saxelebi: lˆgrelˆgrelˆgrelˆgre `kvercxi~ lˆgrlˆgrlˆgrlˆgr-alalalal `kver-cxebi~; mamamamarererere `kaci~ marmarmarmar-alalalal `kacebi~; TxeTxeTxeTxerererere `mglebi~ TxerTxerTxerTxer-alalalal; dededederererere `mKinvari~ derderderder-alalalal `mKinvarebi~; lalalalarererere `saTibi~ larlarlarlar-alalalal; GaleGaleGaleGale `frTa~ GalGalGalGal-alalalal `frTebi~; fxufxufxufxulelelele `TiTi~ fxulfxulfxulfxul-alalalal º -arararar `TiTebi~; j�xej�xej�xej�xe `saxeli~ jaxjaxjaxjax-arararar `saxelebi~. ar aris gamoricxuli aaaa, e e e e bolox-movnian saxelebTan mr. ricxvis sufiqsebi umlautiTac Segvxvdes. babababa----lelelele `foToli~ balbalbalbal-�l�l�l�l `foTlebi~; lˆgrelˆgrelˆgrelˆgre `kvercxi~ lˆgrlˆgrlˆgrlˆgr-�l�l�l�l `kver-cxebi~; GabeGabeGabeGabenananana `mozveri~ GabenGabenGabenGaben-�r�r�r�r `mozvrebi~; buG…abuG…abuG…abuG…a `buGa~ buG…buG…buG…buG…-�r�r�r�r `buGebi~; lelelelefxnafxnafxnafxna `cxviri~ lefxnlefxnlefxnlefxn-�r�r�r�r/-�l�l�l�l `cxvirebi~; uG…nauG…nauG…nauG…na ìdaK…iidaK…iidaK…iidaK…i~ (uG…nauG…nauG…nauG…na etimolog. uGunuGunuGunuGun-vevevevelililili) uG…nuG…nuG…nuG…n-�r �r �r �r ìdaKvebi~, fek…n fek…n fek…n fek…n-�r�r�r�r leklekleklekvevevevebibibibi.

zog -aaaa xmovnian saxelebTan ori aaaa'c dasturdeba, mag. SiSiSiSirararara-�l�l�l�l `dolabebi~; larlarlarlardadadada-�l�l�l�l `sadgomebi~; jajajaja-�r�r�r�r `zvavebi~; buG…abuG…abuG…abuG…a-�r�r�r�r `buGebi~.

rogorc Cans lentexuri cdilobs daicvas wesi -aaaa, -eeee xmovan-fuZian saxelebTan, Tu fuZeSi ar aris disimilaciis an asimilaciis gamomwvevi rrrr, l l l l sonorebi, gamoavlinos marTebuli -arararar, -�r�r�r�r sufiqse-bi, rogorc es TanxmovanfuZian saxelebTan xdeba. es mxars dauyers -’l’l’l’l, -�l�l�l�l, -alalalal, -elelelel niSnebis meoreulobas balszemour, laSxur da lentexur dialeqtebSi, Tumca aGreva aqac aris.

-iiii, -oooo, -uuuu xmovnebze daboloebuli saxelebi SedarebiT cotaa svanurSi, gansakuTrebiT -oooo da -uuuu boloxmovnianebi. mr. ricxvSi aqac igive fonetikuri procesi mimdinareobs, rac TanxmovanfuZian da -aaaa, -eeee xmovanfuZian saxelebTan. -iiii, -oooo, -uuuu boloxmovniani saxelis fuZeSi Tu dasturdeba rrrr sonanti, balszemouri da lentexuri dialeqtebi dairTaven disimilirebul -�l�l�l�l, laSxuri -alalalal, balsqvemouri -�r�r�r�r mr. ricxvis niSnebs, Tu ar aris rrrr, maSin laSxurSi gveqneba -arararar, sxva di-aleqtebSi ki -�r�r�r�r sufiqsi.

-iiii, -oooo, -uuuu xmovnebze daboloebul saxelebTan morfemaTa zGvar-


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ze xmovanTa SerwKma ar xdeba. miuxedavad amisa, grZelxmovnian dia-leqtebSi oooo'ze daboloebul saxelebTan SeiZleba Segvxvdes -’l’l’l’l bz., da -ŠŠŠŠllll laSxurSi mr. ricxvis niSnebi. am niSnebis gamovlena oooo'ze dasrulebul saxelebSi -aaaa, -eeee xmovnebze dasrulebul saxelebTan ana-logias unda mivaweroT.

-iiii'ze daboloebuli saxelebi oTxive dialeqtSi mr. ricxvis sufiqsebs uSualod dairTaven. mag.: CŠriCŠriCŠriCŠri bz., lSx., CeCeCeCeriririri bq., lnt. `TiTistari~; CŠriCŠriCŠriCŠri-�l�l�l�l bz., -alalalal lSx., CeCeCeCeriririri-�r�r�r�r bq., -�l�l�l�l lnt. `TiTis-tarebi~; pepepepepipipipi bz., lSx., p�pip�pip�pip�pi bq., lnt. `naTlia~ pepepepepipipipi-�r�r�r�r bz., -arararar lSx., p�pi p�pi p�pi p�pi-�r�r�r�r bq., lnt. `naTliebi~; memememeCiCiCiCi `moxuci~ memememeCiCiCiCi-�r�r�r�r zs., lnt. memememeCiCiCiCi-arararar lSx. `moxucebi~; max…Simax…Simax…Simax…Si òJaxis ufrosi~ max…Simax…Simax…Simax…Si-�r�r�r�r zs., lnt., -arararar lSx. òJaxis ufrosebi~; SiSiSiSi `xeli~ SiSiSiSi-�r�r�r�r zs., lnt., -arararar lSx. `xelebi~; SgŒriSgŒriSgŒriSgŒri bz., lSx., `Sqeri~ SgŒriSgŒriSgŒriSgŒri-�l�l�l�l bz., -alalalal lSx. SqeSqeSqeSqe----riririri bq., -�r�r�r�r bq., SkeSkeSkeSkeriririri lnt. SkeSkeSkeSkeriririri-�l�l�l�l `devebi~; c‰ncic‰ncic‰ncic‰nci bz., lSx., -�r�r�r�r bz., -arararar lSx. c�ncic�ncic�ncic�nci bq., lnt. `kuneli~ -�r�r�r�r bq. lnt. `kunelebi~.

oooo'ze daboloebuli saxelebi metwilad qarTulidanaa Sesuli svanurSi. zog maTganSi bolo -o o o o nawilobriv reducirdeba -…………'d qarT. CeoCeoCeoCeo Sdr. svan. C�…C�…C�…C�… zs., lnt. Ce…Ce…Ce…Ce… lSx., qarT. xarxarxarxarSoSoSoSo/xarxarxarxarCoCoCoCo Sdr. svan. xarS…xarS…xarS…xarS… `xorcis naxarSi~; ezo, h�z…h�z…h�z…h�z… zs., lnt. az…az…az…az… lSx. wewewewerorororo Sdr. w’…w’…w’…w’…r bz., w�…rw�…rw�…rw�…r bq. oooo'sagan miGebuli -………… gadavida fuZeSi da saxeli TanxmovanfuZiani gaxda. qvemosvanur dialeqtebSi weros mˆKrŒntmˆKrŒntmˆKrŒntmˆKrŒnt lSx. mˆKrontmˆKrontmˆKrontmˆKront lnt. hqvia. yŒntoyŒntoyŒntoyŒnto lSx., yonyonyonyontotototo lnt. `varia~ yŒntoyŒntoyŒntoyŒnto-ŠlŠlŠlŠl lSx., yonyonyonyontotototo-�r�r�r�r lnt. `variebi~ (Sdr. yonyonyonyontotototo lCx.) bebebebeCoCoCoCo qs. `bunagi~ bebebebeCoCoCoCo-ŠlŠlŠlŠl lSx. bebebebeCoCoCoCo-�r�r�r�r lnt. `bunagebi~; sedsedsedsedlolololo bq. qs. `qalis unagiri~ sedsedsedsedlolololo-ŠlŠlŠlŠl lSx. sedsedsedsedlolololo-�r�r�r�r bq. lnt. `...unagirebi~; oGnaoGnaoGnaoGnaSoSoSoSo qs. oGnaoGnaoGnaoGnaSoSoSoSo-ŠlŠlŠlŠl lSx., oGnaoGnaoGnaoGnaSoSoSoSo-�r�r�r�r lnt. `GoGnaSo~. balszemourSi mr. ricxvis sufiqsis win saxelis bolo oooo nawilobriv reducirdeba …………'d (oooo > …………). g�gog�gog�gog�go bz., gegegegegogogogo lnt., `gugu-li~ g�g…g�g…g�g…g�g…-’l’l’l’l bz., gegegegegogogogo-�r�r�r�r lnt. `sabyo~ saby…saby…saby…saby…-’l’l’l’l bz., sasasasabyobyobyobyo-�r�r�r�r bq., lnt. sasasasabyobyobyobyo-ŠlŠlŠlŠl lSx. `sabyoebi~; abaabaabaabanononono, abaabaabaaban…n…n…n…-’l’l’l’l bz., abanabanabanaban-olololol º -�r�r�r�r bq., abaabaabaabanononono-ŠlŠlŠlŠl lSx., abaabaabaabanononono-�r�r�r�r lnt. àbanoebi~; sasasasasasasasadidididilolololo mr. sasasasasasasasadidididi----l…l…l…l…-’l’l’l’l; bz., -�r�r�r�r bq., -ŠlŠlŠlŠl lSx., -�l�l�l�l lnt. `sasadiloebi~; yKeroyKeroyKeroyKero `Gobe~ yKeroyKeroyKeroyKero-�l�l�l�l lnt. `Gobeebi~ Sdr. leCx. yKeroyKeroyKeroyKero `xis napobebisa-gan gakeTebuli Gobe~ (Glonti).

-uuuu-ze daboloebul saxelebSi, uuuu xmovani mr. ricxvSi balszemo-ursa da laSxurSi zogJer nawilobriv reducirdeba uuuu > …………. mag.: ƒuruƒuruƒuruƒuru `xvreli~ ƒur…ƒur…ƒur…ƒur…-�l�l�l�l bz., ƒur…ƒur…ƒur…ƒur…-alalalal lSx., ƒuruƒuruƒuruƒuru-�r�r�r�r bq., -�l�l�l�l lnt. `xvrelebi~; yyyyîrurururu bz., lSx., yuyuyuyururururu bq., lnt. àmousvleli comis pu-ri~ yyyyîr…r…r…r…-�l�l�l�l bz., yyyyîr…r…r…r…-alalalal º -ualualualual lSx., yuyuyuyururururu-�r�r�r�r bq., -�l�l�l�l lnt.


`...purebi~; faufaufaufau zs., lnt., f‰uf‰uf‰uf‰u lSx; `Joxi~ fa…fa…fa…fa…-�r�r�r�r º faufaufaufau-�r�r�r�r bz., f‰…f‰…f‰…f‰…-arararar º f‰uf‰uf‰uf‰u-arararar lSx., faufaufaufau-�r�r�r�r bq., lnt. `Joxebi~ ttttînunununu bz., lSx. tutututununununu bq., lnt. `qoTani~ ttttîn…n…n…n…-�r�r�r�r bz., ttttîn…n…n…n…-arararar º ttttînunununu-arararar lSx., tutututununununu-�r�r�r�r bq., lnt. `qoTnebi~. yKeruyKeruyKeruyKeru bq., `TeTri qva~ yKeruyKeruyKeruyKeru-�r�r�r�r `TeT-ri qvebi~; mmmmîrgurgurgurgu lSx., murmurmurmurgugugugu lnt. `Tameli~ mmmmîrgurgurgurgu-alalalal lSx., murmurmurmur----gugugugu-�l�l�l�l lnt. `Tamelebi~; bbbbîrGurGurGurGu lSx., burGuburGuburGuburGu lnt. `buera~ burGuburGuburGuburGu-alalalal º burG…burG…burG…burG…-alalalal lSx. burGuburGuburGuburGu-�l�l�l�l lnt. `buerebi~ (Sdr. murg…imurg…imurg…imurg…i; burG…iburG…iburG…iburG…i zs.) zzzzîntuntuntuntu bz., º jjjjîntuntuntuntu lSx., zunzunzunzuntutututu lnt. (Sdr. zunzunzunzuntitititi bq.) `zGmartli~ zzzzîntuntuntuntu-�r�r�r�r bz., zzzz/jjjjînt…nt…nt…nt…-arararar º jjjjînnnntutututu-arararar lSx., zunzunzunzun----tutututu-�r�r�r�r lnt. `zGmartlebi~.

Taviseburad awarmoeben mr. ricxvs balszemourSi -�� Sesabami-sad balsqvemouri � � � � < -(��), laSxuri -a�a�a�a�-ze daboloebuli saxelebi. imis mixedviT, fuZeSi gvaqvs Tu ara disimilaciis gamomwvevi -rrrr, es saxelebic mr. ricxvSi dairTaven -�r�r�r�r,,,, -�l�l�l�l bz. laSxurSi -ŠlŠlŠlŠl, -arararar, -alalalal, xolo balsqvemourSi -uuuu ricxvis niSnebs.

mag. bz.: z��z��z��z�� `weli~ za�za�za�za�-�r�r�r�r `wlebi~; ker��ker��ker��ker�� `keria~ kekekekera�ra�ra�ra�-�l�l�l�l `keriebi~; s…n��s…n��s…n��s…n�� `sirma~ s…s…s…s…na�na�na�na�-�r�r�r�r `sirmebi~. zur�� zur�� zur�� zur�� `dedali cxove-li~ zuzuzuzura�ra�ra�ra�-�l�l�l�l `dedlebi~; fusfusfusfusd��d��d��d�� `sauflo xari~ fusfusfusfusda�da�da�da�-�r�r�r�r `sauf-lo xarebi~; abaabaabaabazinzinzinzind��d��d��d�� `bazinda~ ababababzinzinzinzinda�da�da�da�-�r�r�r�r àbzindebi~; dodododor��r��r��r�� `koka~ dodododora�ra�ra�ra�-�l�l�l�l `kokebi~; Zafan��Zafan��Zafan��Zafan�� `pilpili~ Zafana�Zafana�Zafana�Zafana�-�r�r�r�r `pilpilebi~.

-��-ze daboloebuli zedsarTavebi dairTaven, rogorc -��r, -��l ise -uuuu sufiqsebs. ��'a -uuuu's win ikargeba. ƒef��ƒef��ƒef��ƒef�� `kbenia~ ƒefa�ƒefa�ƒefa�ƒefa�-�r�r�r�r/ƒefaƒefaƒefaƒefa-uuuu `kbeniebi~; ƒad��ƒad��ƒad��ƒad�� `mucela~ ƒada�ƒada�ƒada�ƒada�-�r�r�r�r/ƒadaƒadaƒadaƒada-uuuu `mucelebi, mucliane-bi~; gegegegeya�ya�ya�ya� `gamZle~ gegegegeya�ya�ya�ya�-�r�r�r�r/gegegegeyayayaya-uuuu `gamZleebi~; jGajGajGajGabi��bi��bi��bi�� `GajGaja~ jGabia�jGabia�jGabia�jGabia�-�r�r�r�r/jGabiajGabiajGabiajGabia-uuuu `GajGajebi~.

igive ricxvis niSans gamoavlens balsqvemouri (-��) > �� dasru-lebul saxelebTan. am rigis saxelebSi, -uuuu mr. ricxvis niSnis win, fuZis -�� zog TqmaSi inarCunebs umlauts, zogan kargavs.

mag.: s…in�s…in�s…in�s…in� `naTlia~ s…in�s…in�s…in�s…in�-uuuu cxm. s…inas…inas…inas…ina-u u u u lxm. `naTliebi~; kapr�kapr�kapr�kapr� `nikapi~ kapr�ukapr�ukapr�ukapr�u cxm., kapkapkapkaprararara-uuuu lxm. `nikapebi~; kalT�kalT�kalT�kalT� `kalTa~ kalT�kalT�kalT�kalT�-uuuu cxm., kalkalkalkalTaTaTaTa-uuuu lxm. `kalTebi~, dor�dor�dor�dor� `koka~ dor�udor�udor�udor�u cxm., dodododorararara-uuuu lxm., `kokebi~; Jor��Jor��Jor��Jor�� `xis mori...~ Jor�Jor�Jor�Jor�-uuuu cxm., JoJoJoJorararara-u u u u lxm. `xis morebi~; Jˆl��Jˆl��Jˆl��Jˆl�� `wilis saKreli kenyi~ Jˆl�Jˆl�Jˆl�Jˆl�-uuuu cxm., JˆlaJˆlaJˆlaJˆla-uuuu lxm. `...kenyebi~; �eS�eS�eS�eSmamamama èSmaki~ �eSm��eSm��eSm��eSm�-uuuu cxm. �eS�eS�eS�eSmamamama-uuuu lxm. èSmakebi~. zuzuzuzurararara `dedali (cxoveli)~ zur�zur�zur�zur�-uuuu cxm., zuzuzuzurararara-uuuu `dedlebi~; gey�gey�gey�gey� `gamZle~ gey�gey�gey�gey�-uuuu cxm., ggggeeeeyayayaya-uuuu lxm. `gamZleebi~ ƒef��ƒef��ƒef��ƒef�� `kbenia~ ƒef�ƒef�ƒef�ƒef�-uuuu cxm., ƒefaƒefaƒefaƒefa-uuuu lxm. `kbeniebi~ J�yk��J�yk��J�yk��J�yk�� `Cafskvnili~ Jayk��Jayk��Jayk��Jayk��-uuuu cxm., Jayk�aJayk�aJayk�aJayk�a-uuuu lxm. `Ca-fskvnilebi~.


57

balszemouris -�� daboloebas laSxurSi -a�a�a�a� Seesabameba. isini mravlobiTSi ricxvis niSnebis sxvadasxva variantebs irTaven. umete-sad -ŠlŠlŠlŠl ricxvis niSans. mag.: kapkapkapkapra�ra�ra�ra� `nikapi~ kaprkaprkaprkapr-ŠlŠlŠlŠl `nikapebi~; kalkalkalkalTa�Ta�Ta�Ta� `kalTa~ kalTkalTkalTkalT-ŠlŠlŠlŠl `kalTebi~; TaTaTaTanunununuSia�Sia�Sia�Sia� `tKis qali~ TaTaTaTanunununuSiSiSiSi-ŠlŠlŠlŠl `tKis qalebi~; yayayayala�la�la�la� `yala~ yalyalyalyal-ŠlŠlŠlŠl `yalebi~; ionionionionJJJJa�a�a�a� ìonJa~ ionJionJionJionJ-ŠlŠlŠlŠl ìonJebi~; pimpimpimpimpipipipilailailailai `wiwaka~ pimpimpimpimpilpilpilpil-ŠlŠlŠlŠl; eSeSeSeSma�ma�ma�ma� èSmaki~ eSmeSmeSmeSm-ŠlŠlŠlŠl/-‰r‰r‰r‰r èSmakebi~; gegegegeya�ya�ya�ya� `gamZle~ geygeygeygey-ŠlŠlŠlŠl `gamZleebi~; ƒefaiƒefaiƒefaiƒefai `kbenia~ ƒefƒefƒefƒef-ŠlŠlŠlŠl `kbeniebi~. zogJer -a�a�a�a�-ze daboloebuli saxelebi mravlobiT ricxvSi aaaa�� > iiii da im ricxvis niSnebs dairTavs, rasac iiii'ze daboloe-buli saxelebi: dodododora�ra�ra�ra� `koka~ dodododoriririri-alalalal `kokebi~; kokokokoka�ka�ka�ka� `xaro~ kokokokokikikiki-arararar `xaroebi~; qiqiqiqira�ra�ra�ra� `qira~ qiqiqiqiriririri-alalalal `qirebi~; muG…a�muG…a�muG…a�muG…a� `Kvavili~ muG…imuG…imuG…imuG…i-arararar `Kvavilebi~; zuzuzuzura�ra�ra�ra� `dedali saqoneli~ zuzuzuzuriririri-alalalal `dedle-bi...~ JiJiJiJibaibaibaibai `Jibe~ JiJiJiJibibibibi-arararar `Jibeebi~;

laSxurSi -a�a�a�a�-ze daboloebul saxelebTan -ŠlŠlŠlŠl grZelxmovniani sufiqsis gamovlenas, SeiZleba -a�a�a�a� bgeraTkompleqsis dakargva ganapi-robebdes. SevadaroT is SemTxvevebi, roca saxelis bolo a�a�a�a� > iiii. e. i. saxelis fuZe xdeba -iiii xmovniani da Cveulebriv grZelxmovniani su-fiqsebi ar Cans. lentexurSi am rigis saxelebi -�� boloxmovnianebi arian da mr. ricxvs ise awarmoeben, rogorc sxva aaaa-ze daboloebuli saxelebi.

SeniSnulia, rom balszemourSi `zogi saxelis fuZesTan -�r�r�r�r sufiqsis win bgera an mTeli marcvali iCens Tavs: -iiii, -arararar, -alalalal -vvvv, -aaaa. -alalalal marcvali a a a a da eeee boloxmovnian naTesaur saxelebTan Cndeba gigigigigagagaga `bicola~ mr. gig‰l�rgig‰l�rgig‰l�rgig‰l�r, babababababababa `mama~ mr. bab‰l�rbab‰l�rbab‰l�rbab‰l�r; dededededededede `deda~ dedŠl�rdedŠl�rdedŠl�rdedŠl�r da sxva (SaraZeniZe 1954, 199).

es saxelebi rogorc balszemourSi, ise sxva dialeqtebSic sa-intereso formebs gviCveneben. svanur leqsikonSi dadasturebulia Semdegi formebi: gig’lgig’lgig’lgig’l º gig‰lugig‰lugig‰lugig‰lu bz., gigigigigal�gal�gal�gal��rrrr bq., gig‰largig‰largig‰largig‰lar lSx., gigigigigal�lgal�lgal�lgal�l lnt. `deidebi... babababababababa `mama; babua~ bab’lbab’lbab’lbab’l º bab‰lubab‰lubab‰lubab‰lu bz., babababa----bolbolbolbol º bababababal�rbal�rbal�rbal�r bq., bab‰larbab‰larbab‰larbab‰lar lSx., bababababal�lbal�lbal�lbal�l lnt. `babuebi~; dededededededede `deda~ dededededel�rdel�rdel�rdel�r bq., dedŠlardedŠlardedŠlardedŠlar lSx., dededededel�ldel�ldel�ldel�l lnt. am saxelebis msgavsad awarmoeben mr. ricxvs -aaaa, -eeee boloxmovniani naTesaobis aGmniSvneli sxva saxelebic Kvela dialeqtSi, am dialeqtebisaTvis damaxasiaTebeli fonetikuri sxvaobebiT.

mag.: dadadadadadadada `bebia~ zs., lnt. dad’ldad’ldad’ldad’l º dad‰l�rdad‰l�rdad‰l�rdad‰l�r bz., dadadadadal�ldal�ldal�ldal�l lnt., dadadadadoldoldoldol bq., bebebebebebebebe `bebia~ bebŠlarbebŠlarbebŠlarbebŠlar lSx. `bebiebi~; mamamamamamamama `mama~ mam‰l�rmam‰l�rmam‰l�rmam‰l�r bz., mam‰larmam‰larmam‰larmam‰lar lSx., mamamamamal�lmal�lmal�lmal�l lnt. `mamebi~; bububububabababa `biZa~ bub‰l�rbub‰l�rbub‰l�rbub‰l�r bz., bububububal�rbal�rbal�rbal�r bq., bub‰larbub‰larbub‰larbub‰lar lSx., bububububal�lbal�lbal�lbal�l lnt. `biZebi~.

irkveva, rom naTesaobis aGmniSvnel a a a a'ze daboloebul, zemoT


CamoTvlil, saxelebTan -�r�r�r�r zs., -arrrr lSx. -�l�l�l�l lnt. mr. ricxvis niS-nebis win Tavs iCens ara mxolod -alalalal, aramed -‰l‰l‰l‰l bz., lSx. -alalalal bq., lnt. xolo -eeee boloxmovnianebTan -ŠlŠlŠlŠl bz., lSx. -elelelel bq., lnt. `-arararar- vlindeba zog boloTanxmovnian da -eeee, -aaaa xmovanfuZian saxelebTan. -�r�r�r�r sufiqsi xmovnis reduqcias iwvevs. avtori CamoTvlis balszemou-ri dialeqtis formebs: qimqimqimqim `cremli~ mr. qˆmr�rqˆmr�rqˆmr�rqˆmr�r/qlqlqlql < *qˆmqˆmqˆmqˆm-arararar-�r�r�r�r; SdimSdimSdimSdim `Kuri~ mr. Sdˆmr�lSdˆmr�lSdˆmr�lSdˆmr�l < *SdˆmSdˆmSdˆmSdˆm-arararar-�r�r�r�r; q…iTq…iTq…iTq…iT `qurdi~ q…iTr�lq…iTr�lq…iTr�lq…iTr�l; TeTeTeTe `Tvali~ TŠr�lTŠr�lTŠr�lTŠr�l; cxacxacxacxa `frCxili~ cx‰r�lcx‰r�lcx‰r�lcx‰r�l; fxafxafxafxa `fxa~ fx‰r�lfx‰r�lfx‰r�lfx‰r�l (Sara-ZeniZe 1954, 199). *qˆmar�rqˆmar�rqˆmar�rqˆmar�r da *Sdˆmar�l Sdˆmar�l Sdˆmar�l Sdˆmar�l aGdgenili ureduqcio formebi lentexurSi dasturdeba: qˆmqˆmqˆmqˆm+arararar+�l�l�l�l `cremlebi~ StˆmStˆmStˆmStˆm+arararar+�l �l �l �l `Kurebi~ formiT. xmovanfuZian saxelebTan grZeli xmo-vani morfemaTa miJnaze ori xmovnis SerwKmis Sedegia: cxacxacxacxa mr. *cxacxacxacxa+arararar+alalalal > cx‰r�lcx‰r�lcx‰r�lcx‰r�l frCxilebi; fxafxafxafxa mr. *fxafxafxafxa+arararar+�l �l �l �l > fx‰r�l fx‰r�l fx‰r�l fx‰r�l `fxebi~; TeTeTeTe mr. *TeTeTeTe+arararar+�l �l �l �l > TŠr�l TŠr�l TŠr�l TŠr�l `Tvalebi~. am rigis saxelebTan gaerTiandeba SdaSdaSdaSda `TavTavi~ *SdaSdaSdaSda+arararar+�l �l �l �l > Sd‰r�l Sd‰r�l Sd‰r�l Sd‰r�l bz., Sdar�rSdar�rSdar�rSdar�r bq. Sd‰ralSd‰ralSd‰ralSd‰ral lSx., Star�lStar�lStar�lStar�l lnt. `TavTavebi~...

`ras warmoadgenen -alalalal, -arararar marcvlebi... -alalalal, -arararar sufiqsebi xom mravlobiT ricxvs awarmoeben, maS, ganxilul magaliTebSi ormagi mravlobiTi gvaqvs? (SaraZeniZe, iqve) kiTxvas svams avtori da iqve pasuxobs. `gadayriT amis Tqma mainc ar SeiZleba. isini SeiZleba fuZis determinantebs warmoadgenen. amas dauyers mxars -alalalal, -arararar bo-losarTTa gamovlena qarTvelur enaTaTvis saerTo sitKvebSi: dedŠl�rdedŠl�rdedŠl�rdedŠl�r, bab‰l bab‰l bab‰l bab‰l-�r�r�r�r, cx‰r�l cx‰r�l cx‰r�l cx‰r�l, TŠr�l TŠr�l TŠr�l TŠr�l~ (SaraZeniZe, iqve).

rogorc irkveva, ganxilul saxelebSi, rogorc naTesaobis aGmniSvneli -aaaa, -eeee boloxmovnianebTan *bububububabababa+alalalal+arararar > bub‰l�rbub‰l�rbub‰l�rbub‰l�r bz., `biZebi~; *dededededededede+alalalal-�r�r�r�r > dedŠl�r dedŠl�r dedŠl�r dedŠl�r bz. `dedebi~, ise *qˆmqˆmqˆmqˆm+arararar+�l �l �l �l > qˆmar�lqˆmar�lqˆmar�lqˆmar�l lnt. qmr�l qmr�l qmr�l qmr�l bz. tipis saxelebSi ormagi mravlobiToba, e. i. mravlobiTis ori sufiqsi, ormagsufiqsiani mravlobiTebi gvaqvs.

mravlobiTobis ori sufiqsi dasturdeba svanuri enis sxva sa-xelebTanac.

SeniSnulia, rom Sto-gvaris aGmniSvnel -SŠr�rSŠr�rSŠr�rSŠr�r, -SŠr�lSŠr�lSŠr�lSŠr�l bz., -Ser�rSer�rSer�rSer�r bq., -SŠralSŠralSŠralSŠral lSx., -Ser�lSer�lSer�lSer�l lnt. sufiqsebSi mravlobiTis or-mag sufiqsaciasTan gvaqvs saqme. -SŠrSŠrSŠrSŠr daboloebaSi daiCrdila mrav-lobiToba. mag. goCgoCgoCgoC-SŠrSŠrSŠrSŠr da mogvianebiT daerTo -arararar, -alalalal mravlobi-Tis formantebi. goCgoCgoCgoC-SŠrSŠrSŠrSŠr-alalalal `goCasanebi~ lSx. da miviGeT zemoT aGniSnuli rTuli sufiqsebi (CantlaZe 1998, 139).

ormag mravlobiTobaze miuTiTebs m. Cuxua waGwaGwaGwaG-arararar-�l�l�l�l `wuGebi~ formaSi. Tavidan waG�rwaG�rwaG�rwaG�r formam dakarga mravlobiTobis gageba da kvlav daerTo mravlobiTobis -arararar > -alalalal sufiqsi (Cuxua 2000-2003,


59

355). asevea wuG…z�r wuG…z�r wuG…z�r wuG…z�r bz., wuGzarwuGzarwuGzarwuGzar lSx. am saxelSi Sdr. wuGawuGawuGawuGa, erTi mravlobiTis niSania, magram wuG…zwuG…zwuG…zwuG…z-arararar-�l �l �l �l bz., wuGzwuGzwuGzwuGz-arararar-al al al al lSx. `wuGebi~ formebSi ori niSani gvaqvs da orive srulad aris warmo-dgenili. TxilTxilTxilTxilmarmarmarmar `Txilamuri~ SeiZleba or Txilamursac aGniSnav-des, magram mr. ricxvSi orze meti Txilamuri iqneba: TxilmTxilmTxilmTxilm-arararar-��l l l l bz., lnt. TxilmTxilmTxilmTxilm-arararar-�r�r�r�r bq., TxilmTxilmTxilmTxilm-arararar-‰l‰l‰l‰l lSx. `Txilamurebi~ TxilTxilTxilTxil----mar‰l qoTkˆdˆredmar‰l qoTkˆdˆredmar‰l qoTkˆdˆredmar‰l qoTkˆdˆred (qr. lSx. 25) `Txilamurebi gaviZvreT (gavixa-deT)~. Zi…Zi…Zi…Zi… `mZivi~ Zi…Zi…Zi…Zi…-arararar-alalalal lSx., Zi…Zi…Zi…Zi…-arararar-�l�l�l�l lnt. `mZivebi~. aqac ori mravlobiTis niSania Sdr. lSx. Zi…arZi…arZi…arZi…ar. CCCCeqeqeqeqmamamama `Ceqma~ CeqmCeqmCeqmCeqm-arararar-�l�l�l�l bz., lnt. CeqmCeqmCeqmCeqm-arararar-‰l‰l‰l‰l lSx. Sdr. CeqmCeqmCeqmCeqm-�r�r�r�r `Ceqmebi~; zeTƒ�rzeTƒ�rzeTƒ�rzeTƒ�r, ziTƒ�rziTƒ�rziTƒ�rziTƒ�r bz., zˆTƒzˆTƒzˆTƒzˆTƒ-�r�r�r�r bq., zeTƒzeTƒzeTƒzeTƒ-arararar lSx. `payiyi~ albaT gaqvavebuli mr. ri-cxvis formaa. ziTƒziTƒziTƒziTƒ-arararar-�l�l�l�l bz., ziTƒziTƒziTƒziTƒ-rrrr-�r�r�r�r bq., wina arararar-is xmovanma re-duqcia ganicada momdevno -�r�r�r�r mr. ricxvis niSnis darTviT. Sdr. SdˆmSdˆmSdˆmSdˆm-rrrr-�r�r�r�r < *SdˆmSdˆmSdˆmSdˆm-arararar-�r �r �r �r `Kurebi~. zeTƒzeTƒzeTƒzeTƒ-arararar-alalalal lSx. `payiyebi~ lanlanlanlan----xubxubxubxub `saZmo~ xSirad dairTavs mravlobiTis or sufiqss lanlanlanlanxubxubxubxub-arararar-alalalal lSx., lanlanlanlanxubxubxubxub-arararar-�l�l�l�l lnt. `saZmoebi~. mex…ibmex…ibmex…ibmex…ib zs., lnt. `moZme~ mex…bmex…bmex…bmex…b-arararar-�l�l�l�l bz., lnt. mex…bmex…bmex…bmex…b-arararar-�r�r�r�r bq., `moZmeebi~; winwinwinwindardardardar `windebi~ erTi -arararar mr. ricxvis niSniT. windwindwindwind-arararar-�l�l�l�l `windebi~. lelelelereq…req…req…req… `tansac-meli~, lerq…lerq…lerq…lerq…-�l�l�l�l bz., lerq…lerq…lerq…lerq…-�r�r�r�r, lerq…lerq…lerq…lerq…-arararar-�r�r�r�r bq. `tansacmelebi~; CafˆlCafˆlCafˆlCafˆl `fexsacmeli~ CaflCaflCaflCafl-�r�r�r�r zs., CaflCaflCaflCafl-�l�l�l�l lnt. Sdr. balsqvemouri CaflCaflCaflCafl-arararar-�r�r�r�r `fexsacmelebi~. saxelis fuZe mravlobiTi ricxvis erTi sufiqsiT TiTqos saxelis nakleb ricxvs (raodenobas) aGniSnavs, vidre mravlobiTi ricxvis orsufiqsiani formebi.

lilililiteteteterarararatutututurararara ddddonononondua dua dua dua 2001200120012001 _ k. dondua svanur-qarTul-rusuli leqsikoni,

Tbilisi, 2001. ToToToTofufufufuriariariaria 1979197919791979 _ v. Tofuria, Sromebi III , Tbilisi, 1979. ToToToTofufufufuriariariaria 2002200220022002 _ v. Tofuria, Sromebi 99, Tbilisi, 2002. onionionioniaaaanininini 1989198919891989 _ a. oniani, qarTvelur enaTa SedarebiTi grama-

tikis sakiTxebi (saxelTa morfologia), Tbilisi, 1989. onionionioniaaaanininini 1998199819981998 _ a. oniani, svanuri ena, Tbilisi, 1998. onionionioniaaaanininini 1969196919691969 _ metKvelebis analizis sakiTxebi, Tbilisi, 1969. svasvasvasvanunununuriririri leqleqleqleqsisisisikokokokonininini 2000200020002000 _ v. Tofuria, m. qaldani, svanuri

leqsikoni, Tbilisi, 2000.


qalqalqalqaldadadadanininini 1974197419741974 _ m. qaldani, saxelobiTi brunvisa da mravlo-biTi ricxvis mawarmoebel sufiqsTa sakiTxisaTvis svanurSi, qarT. enaTa struqt. sakiTxebi, IV , Tbilisi, 1974.

GGGGlonlonlonlontitititi 1984198419841984 _ a. Glonti, qarTul kilo-TqmaTa sitKvis ko-na, Tbilisi, 1984.

SaSaSaSaninininiZeZeZeZe 1981198119811981 _ a. SaniZe, umlauti svanurSi, Txzulebani II , Tbilisi; 1981.

SaSaSaSararararaZeZeZeZeninininiZeZeZeZe _ 1954195419541954 _ T. SaraZeniZe, saxelTa mravlobiTi ri-cxvis warmoeba svanurSi balszemouri kilos mixedviT, ike, VI , Tbi-lisi, 1954.

SaSaSaSararararaZeZeZeZeninininiZeZeZeZe _ 1970197019701970 _ T. SaraZeniZe, svanuri enis lataluri kilokavis zogierTi Tavisebureba, ike XIII , Tbilisi, 1970.

SaSaSaSararararaZeZeZeZeninininiZeZeZeZe _ 1985198519851985 _ T. SaraZeniZe, svanuri ena, ike weliwdeu-li, XII , Tbilisi 1985.

CaCaCaCantlantlantlantlaZeZeZeZe 1998199819981998 _ i. CantlaZe, qarTvelologiuri Ziebani, Tbi-lisi, 1998.

CuCuCuCuxuaxuaxuaxua 2000200020002000-2003200320032003 _ m. Cuxua qarTvelur ena-kiloTa Sedarebi-Ti leqsikoni, Tbilisi, 2000-2003.

yumyumyumyumbubububuririririZeZeZeZe 2007200720072007 _ z. yumburiZe, l. nijaraZe, r. qurdaZe, sva-nuri ena, gramatikuli mimoxilva, teqstebi, leqsikoni, 2007.

teqstebiteqstebiteqstebiteqstebi oniani arsena, megmareS i balxare jaxŠle xora‚, МЯЯ, VIII ,

Петроград, 1917. oniani arsena, leSnu amb‚ar lˆl�Ssu Sumi ninSv, МЯЯ, IX ,

Петроград, 1917. svanuri prozauli teqstebi, I, balszemouri kilo, Tbilisi,

1939. svanuri prozauli teqstebi, II , balsqvemouri kilo, Tbilisi,

1957. svanuri prozauli teqstebi, III , lentexuri kilo, Tbilisi,

1967. svanuri prozauli teqstebi, IV , laSxuri kilo, Tbilisi,

1979. svan. qrestomaTia, Tbilisi, 1978.


61

Elisabed Gazdeliani

Some questions of plural formation in Cvan nouns

S u m m a r y

Numeral affixes are different according to type and semantic groups of a noun

stem. In the stems ending with consonants if there is or not r sonor the suffixes -är ,

-äl (UB/Lent.) – -är (LB), -ar, -al (Lash.) are added: qän (US/Lent.), qan (Lash.) “an ox” – qan-är (US/Lent.), qan-ar (Lash.) – “oxen”; cf.: zär (US/Lent.) “a bell” – zar-äl (UB/Lent.), zar-al (Lash.) “bells”. In Lower-Bal dissimilation does not take place and we have zar-är.

In Lentekhian if a noun stem ends with -l sonor, -ãr suffix is added as a result of assimilation: är → äl: sopel – sopel-äl “villages” (Lent.); cf.: sopl-är (UB) “villages”.

In the nouns with -a, -e stem vowel we have -l (UB), -el (Lash.), -äl (Lent.), -ol (LB).

The affixes -är, -äl (UB), -är (LB), -ar, -al (Lash.) are added to the nouns ending with -i: meči “an old man” – meči-är (US/Lent.), -ar (Lash.) “old men”.

The suffixs -är, -äl (Lent./UB), -ol, -är (LB), -ēēēēl (Lash.) are added to the nouns with -o ending: abano “a bathe” – abano-l (UB). aban-olºººº-är (LB), abano-ēēēēl – “baths”.

The nouns with -u ending in Upper-Bal and Lashkhian undergo partial reduction (u > ûûûû): ṭṭṭṭunu (UB/Lash.), ṭṭṭṭunu (LB/Lent.), ṭûṭûṭûṭûnûûûû-är (UB), -ar (Lash.), ṭṭṭṭunu-är (LB/Lent.) – “pots”.

The suffixes -är, -al are added to the nouns with -äjjjj ending in Upper-Bal. These kinds of nouns in Lower-Bal ending with -äj j j j → ä are added by a numeral suffix ----u, u, u, u, before which ----ä is sometimes with umlaut and sometimes without umlaut: dorä “a jug” – dorä-u (Tskh.), dora-u (Lakh.) “jugs”. In Lashkhian to the nouns with -äj j j j ending -el numeral marker is added, before which -äj j j j is lost: ala----jjjj “flood meadow” – al-ēēēēl “flood meadows”, often the last äj j j j → i vowel: muγγγγûûûûa-j “a flower”, muγγγγûûûûi-ar “flowers”.

It is noticed, that in Upper-Bal before a stem of some nouns and -är numeral


marker -al, -ar syllables occur. The analogous situation is in other dialects: dede “mother” – ded-el-är (UB) “mathers”, buba “uncle” – bub-āāāāl-āāāār (UB) “uncles”, cxa “a nail” – cx-ār-äl (UB) “nails”. In the nouns of this type we have numeral with double suffix. A double suffix of a numeral is also attested in other nouns: ȢȢȢȢiûûûû (Lent.) “necklace” – ȢȢȢȢiûûûû-ar-äl “necklaces”; cf.: ȢȢȢȢiv-är (LB/Lent.); txilmar “skis” (two skis!), cf.: Georg. txilamuri ; txilmar- āl “more then two skis”; -ar and -al are numeral markers.


qeTevan gigaSviliqeTevan gigaSviliqeTevan gigaSviliqeTevan gigaSvili

I da II brZanebiTis mwkrivebi saSual qarTulSi

brZanebiTi kilos gamoxatvis sistema sakmaod daxvewili da ra-

finirebuli iKo Zvel qarTulSi, iseve rogorc xolmeobiTis siste-

ma. mis daxvewil saxes ganapirobebda specialurad amisTvis mowode-

buli mwkrivebi _ I da II brZanebiTebi _ da maTTan III subieqturi

piris ----nnnn da ----edededed niSanTa ganawilebis mtkiced CamoKalibebuli wesi.

SeiZleba iTqvas, rom Zveli qarTulis sakmaod rTuli uGvlilebis

sistemis aTvisebis saqmeSi es erTgvari gzamkvlevis rolsac Tama-

Sobs. Tanamedrove qarTulSi brZanebiTi kilos gamosaxatavad aGarc

specialuri mwkrivebi mogvepoveba da aGarc III subieqturi piris ----nnnn

da ----edededed sufiqsebi. am kilos gadmocemis funqcia TxrobiTi da kavSi-

rebiTi kilos mwkrivebzea ganawilebuli.

sistemis rGvevvis procesi Zvel qarTulSive daiwKo, xolo sa-

Suali qarTulis bolo periodSi faqtobrivad dasrulda. XII-XVIII

saukuneebis werilobiT ZeglebSi asaxulia brZanebiTi kilos gamo-

xatvis sakmaod saintereso suraTi, romelic moicavs rogorc Zveli,

ise Tanamedrove qarTulis elementebs, amave dros, Tavs iCens mxo-

lod am periodisaTvis damaxasiaTebeli niSnebi.

brZanebiT kilos saSual qarTulSi umetesad kavSirebiTis

mwkrivebi gamoxatavs: I seriaSi _ I kavSirebiTi, awmKosa da mKofadis

kavSirebiTi (am periodis enaSi I kavSirebiTic ixmareba da mis baza-

ze warmoqmnili awmKosa da mKofadis kavSirebiTic), II seriaSi _ II

kavSirebiTi, xolo III seriaSi _ III kavSirebiTi. rac Seexeba I da II

brZanebiTebs, marTalia, ZeglTa enisaTvis damaxasiaTebelia brZanebi-

Ti kilos funqciiT brZanebiTis mwkrivebisa da kavSirebiTis mwkri-

vebis urTierTSenacvlebis SemTxvevebi.

Ø . Â É Â À Û Å É Ë É 64

I brZanebiTi Zveli qarTulis uGlebis sistemaSi uwKvetels

eKrdnoboda, aqedan gamomdinare, misi niSani ----dddd savrcobian zmnebTan

iKo ----iiii,,,, xolo ----odododod savrcobian zmnebTan _ ----eeee:

~ubrZanes: ~mona Tormeti modiT, Cven Tana v l i d i T a,

mSvildsa ficxelsa m o g v c e m d i T, isarsa

m o g v a r T m i d i T a,

nakravsa S e a d a r e b d i T, narolsa

d a s T v a l v i d i T a'' (vefx., 75(74).

~hrqua: ~a r e b d i eklesiasa amas Sina Cemsa vidremdis kualad

wvrviKvandeo'' (abus. tb., 63).

~SaTarasa da garZaKaTunas SarbaTsa a s m e v d i T'' (iad. d., 22-

23).

~ubrZana _ ~i t K o d e'' (amirand., 14, 4).

~S e s m o d e da elode, Tu GmerTsa undes'' (karab., I, 173, 13-

14).

~ganbane gvami Seni da i K o f o d e ganbanili'' (s.s. orb., III,

158, 18-19).

saSual qarTulSi ----dddd savrcobianebTan I brZanebiTi da kavSire-

biTis mwkrivebi ganirCeva erTmaneTisagan, xolo ----odododod savrcobianebTan

dasaxelebul mwkrivTa I-II piris formebi erTmaneTs emTxveva.1 mag.,

gewKalegewKalegewKalegewKalebobobobodededede tipis zmnebi I brZanebiTic SeiZleba iKos da awmKosa

an mKofadis (zmniswinis darTvis SemTxvevaSi) kavSirebiTic. mwkrivis

raobas konteqsti arkvevs, esec im SemTxvevaSi, Tu ----odododod savrcobiani

zmnis gverdiT winadadebaSi ----dddd savrcobianic aris mocemuli. Tu es

ukanaskneli ----iiii niSniT aris warmodgenili, maSin aGniSnuli tipis

zmnebi I brZanebiTad CaiTvleba, xolo, Tu ----dddd savrcobians mwkrivis

niSnad ----eeee aqvs, saanalizo formebi awmKos an mKofadis kavSirebiTe-

bad unda miviCnioT (drois gamoxatvis mixedviT). aqve isic unda iT-

qvas, rom I brZanebiTis II piris formebi gacilebiT xSirad ixmareba,

vidre III piris formebi. ufro iSviaTia mravlobiTis nimuSebi. mag.:

~rac giJobdes, i q m o d e T, g a s y v r e t d i T, g a i c d i -

d i T a'' (vefx., 1562 (63), 2); Sdr.: i q m o d i T Kv. gamoc., g a -

s y v r e t d e T, g a i c d i d e T a R1.

e1 ----dddd da ----odododod savrcobian zmnaTa unifikaciisa da I kavSirebiTis awmKosa da

mKofadis kavSirebiTad daSlis Semdeg I brZanebiTis II pirs garegnulad daemTxva

awmKosa da mKofadis kavSirebiTis Sesabamisi piri.

I ÃÀ II ÁÒÞÀÍÄÁÉÈÉÓ ÌßÊÒÉÅÄÁÉ ÓÀÛÖÀË ØÀÒÈÖËÛÉ....

65

Zveli qarTuli enis mixedviT, dadgenil teqstSi Kvelaferi

rigzea: samive formis SemTxvevaSi warmodgenilia I brZanebiTi _ ----odododod

savrcobianTan ----eeee,,,, xolo ----dddd savrcobianTan _ ----iiii. xelnawerebSi ki sa-

Suali qarTuli mdgomareobaa asaxuli, rodesac mwkrivis niSani ar

ganarCevs zmnebs savrcobis mixedviT: rogorc ----dddd,,,, ise ----odododod savrcobia-

nebTan erTnairadaa warmodgenili an ----eeee,,,, an ----iiii mwkrivis niSani. maga-

liTebi:

~GmerTsa e v e d r e b o d e da m o a l x e n d e SenTa moaxle-

Ta'' (virs., 145, 25-26).

~wae, gulsa e u b n e b o d i, mas a G o r e b d i da misisa miJnu-

robisaTuis x e l o b d i!'' (iqve, 245, 27-28).

~sadaca kekluci adgili iKos, T a m a S o b d i, i x m a r e b o -

d i, gascem di da i u r v o d i'' (iqve, 179, 2-3).

~sanamdin an sikvdili ar SeitKo Cemi da an sicocxle, manamdin

aqadgan nursad waxval, frTxilad s Z o v d i da mavnes e r i d e -

b o d i -meTqi'' (rusud., 546, 14-16).

~me Sendobasa m i b r Z a n e b d i T da anderZisaT‚s Cemisa ama

gzasa mSvidobiT d a u t e o b d i T da T‚sa gzasa mSvidobiT w a -

x v i d o d i T'' (iqve, 411, 10-12).

~KoveldGe aqa m o m e l o d e da Senc aqa m o m n a x e v d e''

(arC., I 195, 502, 1).

brZanebiTis mwkrivebis moSlaze, garda maTi kavSirebiTis

mwkrivebiT Canacvlebisa), miuTiTebs III subieqturi piris ----nnnn niSnis

arasworad gmoKenebis SemTxvevebic:

~i s m e n d i, mefeT-mefeo'' (amiran., 353, 6); Sdr.: i s m e n d i n

GL.

~c x o v n d i, mefeT-mefeo'' (iqve, 350, 4); Sdr.: c x o n d i n L.

~i s m e n d i, mefeT-mefeo, cxovndi ukunisamde, adidnes Gme-

rTman moKuarenni Tquenni da arcx‚nes orgulTa TquenTa (iqve, 3-4);

Sdr.: i s m e n d i n L, c x o n d i n L. mimarTva II pirs exeba da xel-

nawerebSi gamovlenili ----nnnn niSani zedmetia. àmirandareJanianis~ teq-

stSi mravlad gvxvdeba aseTi frazebi da SemTxvevaTa absolutur

umravlesobaSi aGniSnuli faqti dasturdeba.

~magisTvis zena gangebas, u w K o d i n, ver gardahxdebi'' (arC., I,

201, 2).


Zveli formiT ----avavavav TemisniSniani zmna zogJer mwkrivis niSnis

gareSea warmodgenili:

~m o h p a r s e v d mravalJer'' (karab., II, 300, 25).

~h b a Z e v d Senca da dauteve codvisa qarni'' (s.s. orb., III,

158, 31-32).

~e s e v d ufalsa da daifare Tavi Seni'' (iqve, 155, 11-13).

III piris mxolobiTi ricxvis brZanebiTis nimuSebi II piris brZa-

nebiTis gagebiT:

~g a q u n d i n SiSi uflisa GmrTisa'' (sam. Zegl., I, 106, 45).

~ukueTu arawesierad dgen, anu uwesod ilocviden, anu zraxvi-

den eklesiasa Sina, a m x i l e b d i n da kanonsa m i s c e m d i n, wig-

nis kiTxvasa eklesias Sina mdumriad m o h k l v i d i n da mZinareTa

g a n a G ‚ Z i e b d i n'' (sam. Zegl., III, 11).

~g v e S i n o d e n sikvdilisagan'' (s.s. orb., III, 80, 19).

~siKvarulno, cxorebasa Tqvensa g a q v n d i n sagonebeli ese''

(iqve, 61, 3-4).

----odododod savrcobian zmnebTan III subieqturi piris ----nnnn niSnis win

mwkrivis niSnad ----eeee-s nacvlad SeiZleba ----iiii gamoCndes, rac II pirris

analogiiT aixsneba, an piriqiT: ----dddd savrcobianTan ----iiii-s nacvlad ----eeee----

iKos:

~dasabamad saqmisa pirvelad GmerTi i d i d e b o d i n'' (sam.

Zegl., I, 395).

~daadger sruliad maT zeda da saxelsa zeda qristessa siku-

dili cxovrebad g i C n d e n, romliTa waruvali cxovreba moigo'' (q.

cx., I, 129-130, cet); Sdr.: g i C n d i n Gd.

~h q o n d e n quenifnevels wiTlosansa... qarTlis sofelni''

(sam. Zegl., II, 99).

`Tquen g i K u a r d e n, viTarca mamani sulierni da maT

uKuardiT, viTarca Svilni sulierni'' (sam. Zegl., III, 154).

bolo or weliwadSi, SesaZloa, I brZanebiTi ki ar vigulvoT,

aramed I kavSirebiTi, Tumca narian mravlobiTSi SeTanxmebis wesi am

periodis enaSi aGar aris iseTi mKari da rafinirebuli, rogorc

Zvel qarTulSi iKo. Zalian xSirad saxeli SeiZleba mxolobiT ri-

cxvSi idges da zmna mravlobiTis formiT SeewKobodes, an piriqiT:

mravlobiT ricxvSi mdgom saxelTan zmna mxolobiTis formiT iKos

SewKobili:


67

~kaTalikosisa da episkoposTagan xorebiskoposi sJulisa da

saGrmToTa wignTa mecnieri g a m o i r C e o d e d mGvdeli anu dai-

koni da SiSiTa GmrTisa�Ta e m c n e b o d e d mas ubiwod dacva�

KovelTave saqristeanoTa wesTa�'' (sam. Zegl., III, 118).

~m o e l o d e d aqa uku babilovnelTa mefisa baltasaris da

anaia�s da sapfira�s sasJelsa'' (iqve, 117).

`wesi xel-dasxmadTa srulebisa� egreT a G e s r u l e b o d e d,

viTarca axalTa Sina kurTxevaTa... daweril ars'' (iqve, 116).

~xolo g a n i x i l v o d e d ese mwKemsisagan'' (iqve, 142).

~i K a v n K o v e l n i sanacvlod misad'' (q. cx., II, 378, sq.).

~Semzgavsebulad misa Jer i K a v n q m n u l n i Tquenni'' (q.

cx., IV, 304, 6-7).

~i K a v n K o v e l n i nacvlad misad'' (iqve, 417, 4-5).

~nu damiviwKebT da ese-mebr s i t K u a g e x s e n e d da crem-

diT mgodebdiT'' (q. cx., II, 397, 22-23).

~n e b a kacad-kacadsa zeda i K v n e d da me arGara mnebavs mo-

neba TaTarTa'' (iqve, 239, 5).

rogorc magaliTebidan Cans, ricxvSi SeuTanxmeblobis faqtebi

dasturdeba rogorc I, ise II brZanebiTTan.

iSviaTad frazaSi SeiZleba zmna arc Candes:

~amisT‚s queKana Tqueni oxer, qalaqni cecxliTa momwuar'' (q.

cx., I, 322, 15-17).

II seriaSi II piris brZanebiTi kilos gamoxatvis sistemaSi arse-

biTi xasiaTis cvlilebebi ar momxdara. Zvel qarTulSi am piris

wKvetilisa da II brZanebiTis formebi erTmaneTisagan mxolod piris

niSnis darTva-daurTvelobiT gansxvavdeboda. saSual qarTulSi es

gansxvaveba moiSala, anu aGniSnuli formebi erTmaneTs daemTxva. II

brZanebiTis arsebobaze am periodis enaSi III piris formebi migvaniS-

nebs.

II pirTan brZanebiTi kilos gadmocemas is Tavisebureba axlavs,

rom aq, iseve rogorc I brZanebiTis SemTxvevaSi, Tavs iCens III subieq-

turi piris ----nnnn niSani:

~grZneulni Tavisa Senisa TmiTa S e k a r n'' (visr., 66, 19-20).

~wmidao petre, meox e K a v n winaSe GvTisa batoniSvils vax-

tangs'' (q. cx., I, ER, 135, 1, sq.).

~d a d e g i n, mzeo, gabaonsa zeda'' (q. cx., II, 24, 18. sq.).


~mxne i K a v n da ganZlierdi'' (guramiSv., 142, 11; 142, 13).

~i K a v n Cemzed mowKalebiT, Sen damifareo'' (iqve, 143, 1).

~wKeul i K a v n saqmeTa SenTa! ymunviTa Syamde KovelTa

dGeTa'' (iqve, 400, 9-10).

~S e a s ‚ n ese martivad anu reulad, Seas‚ Tafl-wKliTa'' (ka-

rab., II, 533, 30-31).

~Tu xelmwifeman baaman qalni gTxovnes, m i e c i n o da Tavisa

Tavsa daamadle'' (Sah-name, III, 553).

~maled S e k a z m e d, momgvareT mivegebebi cxeniTa'' (iqve, 201,

664).

~misca mcneba: kualad arGara S e s Z i n e d eseviTarTa Tqmad''

(q. cx., II, 45, 8-9); Sdr.: S e s Z i n e T Mm.

`qarTlis cxovrebis~ erT-erT xelnawerSi SeiniSneba sapiris-

piro movlenac: II piris forma gmoKenebulia III piris nacvlad:

~Tanamaval m e K a v Cuen wKaloba Seni'' (q. cx., I, 237, 3-4);

Sdr.: m e K a v n cet.

xSirad II piris forma warmodgenilia mwkrivis niSnis gareSe:

~S e i r t K T sartKeli sJulisa'' (Sah-name, III, 53, 286, 1).

~C a a s x mas badagsa zeda da dadev grilsa zeda'' (karab., II,

431, 5-6); Sdr.: ~merme C a a s x i, rome daJdes da dawmdes'' (iqve, 431,

28-29).

~merme d a a s x zeda Tafli'' (iqve, 434, 27).

`d a a s x zeda vardis zeTi da d a s d e v G‚Zlsa zeda'' (iqve,

495, 6-7).

~u T x a r T mefesa xuasros'' (q. cx., I 200, 10); Sdr.: u T x a -

r i T Mm.

samedicino Sinaarsis literaturaSi fuZis xmovani eeee xSirad aaaa-

Tia warmodgenili: dadadadayer yer yer yer > da da da dayaryaryaryar, , , , gagagagacer cer cer cer > ga ga ga gacarcarcarcar: ~d a y a r, viTa gindes'' (karab., I, 243, 27-28).

~d a y a r, wurilad da qvisa sacexuelTa Sigan danaKe da gamo-

wure'' (iqve, 231, 12-14).

~ese Kuela danaKe da mtkiciTa abreSumis sacriTa g a a c a r''

(iqve, 272, 14-15).

II pirSi Zvel mimimimivedvedvedved formas ukve enacvleba axali mimimimididididi fomra:

~mibrZana _ ~m i v e d o'' (amirand., 47, 6); Sdr.: m i d i o AFS,

m i e d o DEPCQR.


69

mimimimivedvedvedved----wawawawavedvedvedved zmnebSi xSirad ikargvis fuZiseuli vvvv Tanxmovani:

~w a m o e d, me gaCueno ima kacTa yabukobao'' (iqve, 6, 10-11);

Sdr.: w a m o d i COKLR.

~g a m o e d, dareJanis Zeo'' (iqve, 358, 3); Sdr.: g a m o v e d

FGHILMNOQRS.

~w a e d mS‚dobiT'' (iqve, 355, 3).

~m i v e d Senca, savarsamiZeo'' (iqve, 302, 5); Sdr.: mied BCEP.

`visramianSi~ waewaewaewae formac gvxvdeba, xolo guramiSvili wareTwareTwareTwareT

formas iKenebs. saanalizo periodis enisaTvis damaxasiaTebelia ag-

reTve iseT formaTa monacvleobis SemTxvevebi, rogoricaa: gagagagaJed º Jed º Jed º Jed º

gagagagaJeq º gaJeq º gaJeq º gaJeq º gaJeg º gaJeg º gaJeg º gaJeg º gaJeJeJeJe; ; ; ; momomomokve º mokve º mokve º mokve º mohkved º mohkved º mohkved º mohkved º mohkve º mohkve º mohkve º mohkve º mokvdikvdikvdikvdi; ; ; ; gagagagabrye º brye º brye º brye º

gagagagabryev º gabryev º gabryev º gabryev º gabryvebryvebryvebryve; ; ; ; mimimimiararararTu º miTu º miTu º miTu º miararararTviTviTviTvi; ; ; ; wawawawamimimimiZex º waZex º waZex º waZex º wamimimimiZeG º waZeG º waZeG º waZeG º wamimimimiZeGv ZeGv ZeGv ZeGv

º waº waº waº wamimimimiZeGuZeGuZeGuZeGu; ; ; ; Tqu º Tqvi º TquiTqu º Tqvi º TquiTqu º Tqvi º TquiTqu º Tqvi º Tqui; ; ; ; SeSeSeSemitKev º SemitKev º SemitKev º SemitKev º SemimimimititKe º SetitKe º SetitKe º SetitKe º SemitKvemitKvemitKvemitKve; ; ; ;

SemoSemoSemoSemokerkerkerkerbiT º SemobiT º SemobiT º SemobiT º SemokrbiTkrbiTkrbiTkrbiT da sxv. formaTa mravalferovneba Sedegia

mTeli rigi aq ganxorcielebuli analogiisa, bgeris dakargvisa, II

xolmeobiTis moSlisa da zogierTi misi formis wKvetilad gaazre-

bisa da a. S.

sainteresoa dumdumdumdumxarxarxarxar statikuri zmnis II brZanebiTad dudududumenmenmenmen

formis gamoKeneba:

~rqua maT mefeman: ~d u m e n i T, wmidano'' (amirand., 169, 708).

~nurc Sen icini, masTana d u m e n i suldaGebuli'' (arC., I, 9,

54, 1-2).

~d u m e n i n Kovelni xorci kacobrivi da dadegin SiSiT da

krZalulebiT'' (sam. Zegl., II, 149).

III piris brZanebiTi kilos gamosaxatavad II brZanebiTi da II kav-

SirebiTic iseve xSirad enacvleba erTmaneTs, rogorc I brZanebiTi

da I seriis kavSirebiTebi.

~dausrulebel Kavn GmerTman dideba da gamarJueba'' (amirand..,

360, 3); Sdr.: K o s CT, K u n a s H, h K o s R, K v n a s BCEFIQ.

~GmerTman aTas wel a c o c x l e n mefoba Tqueni'' (iqve, 325,

1); Sdr.: a c o c x l o s ADGHMNOQ, a c o c x l n e s BCEIP, g a -

c o c x l o s T FS.

~kualad arGara S e s Z i n e d eseviTarTa Tqmad'' (q. cx., II, 45,

8-9); Sdr.: S e s Z i n o s V.

~ukeTu visme nebavn, dauteven mamuli da w a r m o v e d i n Cem

Tana'' (iqve, 239); Sdr.: w a r m o v i d e n V.


~ukeTu ara nebavs, w a r v e d i n msaxurebad Kaenisa'' (iqve, 239,

3-4); Sdr.: w a r v i d e n Mm.

~igi aqundns maT da i K v n e n Senda erisTavad morCilebasa

queSe naTesavisa Senisa'' (iqve, 204, 1-2); Sdr.: i K u n e d Mm.

zogJer erTmaneTis gverdiTaa gamoKenebuli II brZanebiTi da II

kavSirebiTi, rac naTlad asaxavs am drois viTarebas:

~pirvelad Cuen m i v s c n e T Tavni Cuenni sikudilad, merme

i K a v n neba GmrTisa da man d a i c v a s samwKso T‚si'' (iqve, 321, 8-

9).

~i q m n e s ganzraxva Seni, GmerTman dambadebelman m o a v l i -

n e n angelozi misi Zalad Senda da d a s c e n Kovelni mterni Sen-

ni, d a a m t k i c e n mefoba Seni'' (amirand., 150, 8-10); Sdr.: m o -

v l i n n e s Bdp, m o a v l i n o s D, d a s c n e s AD.

brZanebiTis gamosaxatavad wKvetilis fuZesTan II kavSirebiTis

fuZis Senacvlebas III pirSi f. erTeliSvili imiT xsnis, rom awmKoSi

an momavalSi Sesasrulebeli moqmedebis gadmosacemad warsuli dro-

is fuZe iKo gamoKenebuli (erTeliSvili, 1956, gv. 307). es Senac-

vleba, rogorc literaturaSia aGniSnuli, Zvel qarTulSive iCens

Tavs (kublaSvili, 1952-1953, gv. 149-158). ~erTi sitKviT, ukve Zvel

qarTulSi Cans aGniSnuli ~alogikurobis'' gamosworebis tendencia

da axali qarTulic am gezs mihKveba'' (erTeliSvili, iqve, gv. 308).

am mosazrebis mixedviT, auxsnelia, ratom SemorCa saKrdenad

wKvetilis fuZe brZanebiTi kilos gamosaxatavad II pirs, xolo vnebi-

Ti gvaris (agreTve medio-pasiuri) zmnebis mravlobiT ricxvSi II

pirsac, amaTi II kavSirebiTi wKvetilis mwkrivisagan Zvel qarTulSi

xom mxolod piris niSnebiT gansxvavdeboda (dadadadaeeeemalmalmalmalnesnesnesnes----dadadadaeeeemalmalmalmalnennennennen, , , ,

wawawawavivivividesdesdesdes----wawawawavivivividendendenden), Tanamedrove qarTulSi ki es gansxvavebac moSli-

lia (dadadadaeeeemalmalmalmalnennennennen, , , , wawawawavidvidvidvidnennennennen... saerToa orive mwkrivisaTvis).

vfiqrobT, aq gadamwKveti roli unda eTamaSa II kavSirebiTis

semantikas _ momavali drois gamoxatvis unars. brZanebiTi kiloc

momavalSi Sesasrulebel moqmedebas gulisxmobs da momavali drois

gamosaxatavad ~mowodebulma'' mwkrivma Zalian bunebrivad SeiTvisa

brZanebiTi kilos gadmocemis funqciac.

I da II brZanebiTis Seswavlis Sedegad gamoirkva, rom, miuxeda-

vad maTi formebis arcTu iSviaTad gamoKenebisa, Sua saukuneebSi

ZeglTa enaSi maTi roli sakmaodaa Sesustebuli. amaze migvaniSnebs:


71

1. darGvevebi III subieqturi piris ----nnnn da ----edededed niSanTa xmarebis wesSi:

maTi gamoKeneba II piris formebTan; 2. brZanebiTi kilos funqciis

TxrobiTi da kavSirebiTi kilos mwkrivebze gadanawileba (rac Tana-

medrove qarTulSi ukve nomradaa CamoKalibebuli) da Sesabamisad

brZanebiTisa da kavSirebiTis mwkrivTa urTierTSenacvlebis xSiri

SemTxvevebi rogorc sxvadasxva xelnawerSi, ise erTi winadadebis

farglebSic.1 amis Sedegad warmoqmnili uxerxulobebi: I brZanebiT-

Si ----eeee da ----iiii mwkrivis niSanTa Tanabrad warmodgena, ganurCevlad

zmnis savrcobisa, rogorc II, ise III pirTan; 3. saxelisa da zmnis ri-

cxvSi SeuTanxmebloba.

vfiqrobT, brZanebiTis mwkrivebis Sesusteba, xolo Semdeg da-

kargva Sedegia enaSi ganxorcielebuli iseTi seriozuli Zvrebisa,

rogoricaa: ----dddd da ----oooodddd savrcobian zmnaTa Soris gansxvavebis moSla

da Sedegad I brZanebiTisa da I seriis kavSirebiTis (I kavSirebiTis,

awmKosa da mKofadis kavSirebiTis) II piris gaerTmniSvnelovaneba; III

subieqturi piris ----nnnn da ----edededed niSanTa enaSi arsebuli sxva piris niS-

nebiT Canacvleba; aspeqtis kategoriaSi mimdinare procesebi, romel-

mac, Tavis mxriv, bevri ram Secvala uGlebis sistemaSi rogorc

warmoebis, ise Sinaarsis TvalsazrisiT: moxda mwkrivTa Soris fun-

qciebis gadanawileba, rom aGaraferi vTqvaT mKofadis mwkrivis

CamoKalibebze, I seriis or wred daKofasa da, Sesabamisad, I kavSire-

biTis awmKosa da mKofadis kavSirebiTebad daSlaze. kavSirebiTis

mwkrivebma, romlebic Zvel qarTulSi momavali drois gadmocemis Zi-

riTadi saSualeba iKo, bunebrivad SeiTvisa brZanebiTi kilos gamo-

xatvis funqciac, radgan brZanebiTi kiloc momavalSi Sesasrulebel

moqmedebas gulisxmobs.

1 saSual qarTulSi am funqciiT sxva araerTi mwkrivic gvxvdeba da esec

TavisTavad I da II brZanebiTis moSlis faqts adasturebs. brZanebiTi kilos

gamoxatvis sxva saSualebebze calke statiaSi gveqneba saubari.


lilililiteteteterarararatutututurararara

ererererTeTeTeTeliSliSliSliSvivivivili li li li 1956 1956 1956 1956 _ f. erTeliSvili, ratom iKenebs II brZa-

nebiTi wKvetilis fuZes: Tsu Sr., 61, 1956.

kubkubkubkublaSlaSlaSlaSvivivivili li li li 1952195219521952----1953195319531953 _ k. kublaSvili, brZanebiTi kilos

zogierTi formis Sesaxeb Zvel qarTulSi: al. wulukiZis sax. quTai-

sis ped. inst. Sr., XI, 1952-1953.

wKarowKarowKarowKaroeeeebis Semobis Semobis Semobis SemokleklekleklebabababaTa ganTa ganTa ganTa ganmarmarmarmartetetetebabababa

vefxvefxvefxvefx.:.:.:.: SoTa rusTaveli, vefxistKaosani, teqsti ZiriTadi vari-

antebiT, komentarebiTa da leqsikoniTurT, or tomad, a. SaniZisa

da a. baramiZis redaqciiT, t. I, Tb., 1966.

amiamiamiamirandrandrandrand.:.:.:.: mose xoneli, amirandareJaniani, gamosacemad moamzada,

gamokvleva da leqsikoni daurTo l. aTaneliSvilma, Tb., 1967.

visrvisrvisrvisr.:.:.:.: visramiani, teqsti gamosacemad moamzades, gamokvleva da

leqsikoni daurTes a. gvaxariam da m. Toduam, Tb., 1962.

rurururusudsudsudsud.:.:.:.: rusudaniani, i. abulaZisa da iv. gigineiSvilis redaq-

ciiT, Tb., 1957.

abusabusabusabus. . . . tbtbtbtb.:.:.:.: abuseriZe tbeli, bolok-basilis mSenebloba Su-

artKalSi da abuserisZeTa sagvareuli matiane, gamosca l. musxeliS-

vilma, Tb., 1941.

qqqq. . . . cxcxcxcx...., , , , IIII:::: qarTlis cxovreba, teqsti dadgenili Kvela ZiriTadi

xelnaweris mixedviT s. KauxCiSvilis mier, I, Tb., 1955.

qqqq. . . . cxcxcxcx...., , , , IIIIIIII:::: qarTlis cxovreba, teqsti dadgenili Kvela ZiriTadi

xelnaweris mixedviT s. KauxCiSvilis mier, II, Tb., 1959.

qqqq. . . . cxcxcxcx...., , , , IVIVIVIV:::: qarTlis cxovreba, batoniSvili vaxuSti, aGwera sa-

mefosa saqarTvelosa, teqsti dadgenili Kvela ZiriTadi xelnaweris

mixedviT s. KauxCiSvilis mier, IV, Tb., 1073.

SahSahSahSahnanananamemememe, , , , IIIIIIIIIIII:::: Sah-name, anu mefeTa wignis qarTuli versiebi, III,

teqsti gamosca, gamokvleva da leqsikoni daurTo daviT kobiZem,

Tb., 1974.


73

iadiadiadiad....dddd.:.:.:.: daviT bagrationi, iadagar daudi, gamosacemad moamza-

da, winasitKvaoba, gamokvleva, leqsikoni da komentarebi daurTo

lado kotetiSvilma, Tb., 1985.

kakakakarabrabrabrab...., , , , IIII:::: karabadini, zaza fanaskreteli-ciciSvili, samkurna-

lo wigni, karabadini, I, teqsti moamzada, gamokvlevebi, SeniSvnebi da

leqsikoni daurTo prof. m. Sengeliam, Tb., 1986.

kakakakarabrabrabrab...., , , , IIIIIIII:::: karabadini, zaza fanaskreteli-ciciSvili, samkurna-

lo wigni, karabadini, II, teqsti moamzada, gamokvlevebi, SeniSvnebi

da leqsikoni daurTo prof. m. Sengeliam, Tb., 1989.

arCarCarCarC. . . . IIII:::: arCiliani, TxzulebaTa sruli krebuli or tomad, t. I,

al. baramiZisa da n. berZeniSvilis redaqciiT, tf., 1936.

samsamsamsam. . . . ZeglZeglZeglZegl...., , , , IIII:::: qarTuli samarTlis Zeglebi, t. I, teqstebi gamo-

sca, gamokvleva da leqsikoni daurTo i. doliZem, Tb., 1963.

samsamsamsam. . . . ZeglZeglZeglZegl...., , , , IIIIIIII:::: qarTuli samarTlis Zeglebi, t. II, teqstebi

gamosca, gamokvleva da leqsikoni daurTo i. doliZem, Tb., 1965.

samsamsamsam. . . . ZeglZeglZeglZegl...., , , , IIIIIIIIIIII:::: qarTuli samarTlis Zeglebi, t. III, teqstebi

gamosca, gamokvleva da leqsikoni daurTo i. doliZem, Tb., 1970.

ssss....ssss. . . . orborborborb...., , , , IIIIIIIIIIII:::: sulxan-saba orbeliani, Txzulebani, t. III, gamosa-

cemad moamzada, gamokvleva, SeniSvnebi da leqsikoni daurTo iv. lo-

laSvilma, Tb., 1963.

gugugugurarararamiSvmiSvmiSvmiSv.:.:.:.: daviT guramiSvili, TxzulebaTa sruli krebuli,

teqsti, gamokvleva, leqsikoni al. baramiZisa da s. iordaniSvilis

redaqciiT, daviTiani, Tqmuli guramiSvilis daviTisagan, Tb., 1955.


Ketevan Gigashvili

I and II Imperative Rows in Mid-Georgian language

S u m m a r y

Though the grammatical of I and II imperative were used quite often, the

researches prove that the role of their use was significantly reduced ib Georgian

masterpieces of the mid-centuries. The following cases support the above-mentioned

opinion:

1) Some disorders in the rules of using "-n" and "-ed" markers of the II

subjectives forms.

2) The distribution of Imperative mood functions on the indicative and

subjunctive forms.

3) Didagreement of the noun and the verb with the number.


giorgi gogolaSviligiorgi gogolaSviligiorgi gogolaSviligiorgi gogolaSvili

axali qarTuli saliteraturo enis sakiTxebi1

IIIIIIII. . . . sasasasaeeeenaTnaTnaTnaTmecmecmecmecninininieeeero tenro tenro tenro tenmimimiminonononolololologigigigiis warmoqmnais warmoqmnais warmoqmnais warmoqmna----CamoKalibebaCamoKalibebaCamoKalibebaCamoKalibeba

qarTuli samecniero terminologiis warmoqmna-CamoKalibebas xangrZlivi istoria aqvs. Tumca aq unda gairCes tradiciuli qar-Tuli samecniero dargebi da, ase vTqvaT, aratradiciuli dargebi. tradiciul qarTul dargebs miekuTvneba ZiriTadad humanitaruli dargebi, aratradiciulad ganixileba ZiriTadad sabunebismetKvelo da teqnikuri mecnierebani, Tumca met-naklebad aseTi msJeloba pi-robiTia.

sainteresoa gavixsenoT gelaTis akademiaSi (daarsda 1106 wels gelaTis monasterTan daviT aGmaSeneblis mier) swavleba mi-mdinareobda triviumisa da kvadriumis ciklebis mixedviT.

triviumis ciklis sagnebi iKo: 1. qveKnis saqveKnis saqveKnis saqveKnis sazomzomzomzomlo�lo�lo�lo� (e. i. geometria); 2. riririricxucxucxucxunininini (e. i. ariTmetika); 3. sasasasamumumumuso�so�so�so� (e. i. musika). kvadriumis ciklis sagnebi iKo: 1. fifififilolololososososofiafiafiafia _ a) saqmiTi b) mxedvelobiTi g) ganmsitKuelobiTi 2. riririritotototoririririkakakaka _ a) Tanamzraxvelobisa b) mepaeqrobisa g) dGesaswaulobisa 3. gragragragramamamamatitititikakakaka _ 4. varvarvarvarskvlavskvlavskvlavskvlavTmriTmriTmriTmricxvecxvecxvecxvelolololoba�ba�ba�ba� (e. i. astronomia) (qarT. enc. 3., gv. 36).

1 naSromi Sesrulebulia "Volksvagen-Stiftunf"-is proeqtiT ènobrivi situacia

Tanamedrove saqarTveloSi~.

Â . Â Ï Â Ï Ë À Û Å É Ë É 76

imave epoqis meore saganmanaTleblo da samecniero centrSi, iKalTos akademiaSi, garda msgavsi sagnebisa, iswavlebodao myedmyedmyedmyedlolololo----babababa, kekekekerarararamimimimikakakaka (`mekeceoba~), memememevevevevenanananaxexexexeoooobabababa, meGvimeGvimeGvimeGvineneneneoooobabababa (TavziSvili 1938).

rogorc miuTiTeben, es akademiebi `qarTuli kulturisa da

ganaTlebis mZlavr keras warmoadgenda... kulturis mZlavr kerebad iTvleboda saqarTvelos sazGvrebs gareT daarsebuli saganmanaTleb-lo centrebic, sadac intensiuri mwignobruli da samecniero saqmi-anoba warmoebda... swored am dros Seiqmna mKari tradiciebi sitKva-Ta warmoebisa da Txzvisa~ (GambaSiZe 1986, gv. 90).

samwuxarod, imdroindeli saganmanaTleblo kerebis saswavlo gegmebisa Tu programebis Sesaxeb masalebi naklebad SemogvrCa. Cven ZiriTadad SegviZlia vimsJeloT im samecniero naSromebis mixedviT, romlebic Seiqmna am centrebSi. am centrebSi moGvaweTa originalu-ri Tu naTargmni Zeglebis enis analizma bevri saintereso masala gamoavlina qarTuli samecniero terminologiis istoriisaTvis (KauxCiSvili 1940; SaniZe 1946; kaxaZe 1947; abulaZe 1964; meliqiS-vili 1975 da sxv.).

miuTiTeben imasac, rom bevri im dros Seqmnili termini dGesac ar kargavs mniSvnelobas; es gansakuTrebiT iTqmis filoso-fiaze, istoriul mecnierebebze Tu sxva. enaTmecnierebaSi gamoKene-buli araerTi termini im epoqidan iGebs saTaves: ararararsesesesebibibibiTiTiTiTi, metKvemetKvemetKvemetKve----lelelelebabababa, sibsibsibsibrZnisrZnisrZnisrZnis-memememetyvetyvetyvetyvelelelelebabababa, gogogogoninininieeeeriririri, nivnivnivnivTiTiTiTi, nivnivnivnivTiTiTiTieeeeriririri, susususulilililieeeeriririri, warmowarmowarmowarmoeeeebabababa, msgavmsgavmsgavmsgavsesesesebibibibiTiTiTiTi, moZGvremoZGvremoZGvremoZGvrebabababa, memememecnicnicnicnieeeererererebabababa, sitKvisitKvisitKvisitKvieeeererererebabababa, igiigiigiigiveveveveoooo----babababa, cvacvacvacvalelelelebabababadidididi, momomomoqmeqmeqmeqmededededebibibibiTiTiTiTi, rorororomemememelolololobabababa, rarararaoooodedededenonononobabababa da sxva (Gamba-SiZe 1986, gv. 91). cxadia, im cnebaTa Sinaarsi, romlebic am termi-nebiT aGiniSneba, ar Seesabameba (umetesad) dGevandel viTarebas. Tumca es amJerad ar aris Cveni mizani, es damatebiTi kvlevis saga-nia.

ase rom, filologiur, kerZod ki enaTmecnierul, terminolo-gias qarTul enaSi sakmaod xangrZlivi da saintereso istoria aqvs. Tumca Zveli drois sagramatiko Tu filosofiuri Sromebi nakle-bad SemogvrCa. maT Soris mniSvnelovania me-11 saukunis meore naxev-ris gramatikuli tarqtati `sitKua� arTronTaT‚s~, romelic 1990 wels gamosca m. SaniZem. misi azriT, traqtatis avtori unda iKos arsen iKalToeli. aSkaraa, rom arsen iKalToeli Tavis naSromSi `berZunli arTronebis funqciisa da brunebis mixedviT formacvale-bis gverdiT ganixilavs maT mimarTebas saTanado qarTul formeb-

ÀáÀËÉ ØÀÒÈÖËÉ ÓÀËÉÔÄÒÀÔÖÒÏ ÄÍÉÓ ÓÀÊÉÈáÄÁÉ

77

Tan. am msJelobaSi CvenTvis friad sainteresoa gragragragramamamamatitititikukukukulililili terterterter----mimimiminenenenebibibibi da mamamamaTiTiTiTi warmowarmowarmowarmoeeeebisbisbisbis wewewewesisisisi~ (uTurgaiZe 1999, gv. 11).

rogorc irkveva, ukve sakmaod mkafiod aris SemuSavebuli ter-minTa warmoebis wesi da sakmaod kargad aris CamoKalibebuli sae-naTmecniero terminologia:

`tarqtatSi gamoKenebul terminTagan bevri dGemde SemogvrCa; bunebrivia, maT vxvdebiT me-18 saukunis gramatikebSi; swored maTi saSualebiT gadmoeca me-19 da me-20 saukuneebs es terminebi; ker-Zod: sasasasaxexexexelililili, nanananaTeTeTeTesasasasavivivivi `sqesi~, mimimimicecececemimimimiTiTiTiTi, wowowowodedededebibibibiTiTiTiTi; brunvaTa saxele-bis warmoeba xdeba sawKisTa formebidan warmoqmnili ----iTiTiTiT sufiqsiT: micema _ mimimimicecececemimimimiTiTiTiTi, wodeba _ wowowowodedededebibibibiTiTiTiTi... aqve unda SevniSnoT, rom terminTa warmoebis es Kalibi ufro adrec gvxvdeba qarTul saxel-Ta derivaciaSi~ (uTurgaiZe 1999, gv. 11-12).

miuTiTeben imasac, rom aris SemTxvevebi, roca berZnuli ter-mini pirdapir gadmoaqvT qarTulad, aris SemTxvevebi, roca misi qarTuli SesatKvisi keTdeba (faqtobriv iTargmneba). Cveni SemTxve-visaTvis am Temaze vrclad aGar gavagrZelebT msJelobas... amis Tao-baze arsebobs specialuri literatura (qurcikiZe 1983; rafava 1983; GambaSiZe 1986; focxiSvili 1995; sarJvelaZe 1984 qarosa-niZe 2006 da sxva).

erTs ki aGvniSnavT: `sitKva� arTronTaT‚s~ ar Cans erTaderTi naSromi sagramatiko xasiaTisa im droisaTvis. m. SaniZe aseT daskvnas gvTavazobs: `sitKua� arTronTaT‚s~ aris utKuari sabuTi imisa, rom qarTvelebs XI-XII saukuneebSi marTlac hqondaT gramatikuli lite-ratura; es imasac mowmobs, rom mogviano epoqaSi XVI-XVII saukuneebis mwignobarT win dauxvdaT enaTmecnieruli kvlevis xangrZlivi tra-diciebi. rogorc irkveva, am tradiciaTa CamoKalibebas xels uwKob-da ara somxuri, aramed berZnuli kulturis garemo~ (SaniZe 1990).

amasac aGniSanven: ìs faqti, rom Zveli qarTuli saliteratu-ro ena normebs mtkiced icavs, safuZvels iZleva, vivaraudoT Zvel periodSi garkveuli tipis gramatikis, an normaTa krebulis arsebo-ba~ (sarJvelaZe 1984, gv. 198).

gansakuTrebiT naKofieri iKo XVIII_XIX saukuneebi qarTuli sa-mecniero terminologiis ganviTarebis TvalsazrisiT. am periodSi z. SanSovanidan (`mokle Grammatika qarTulisa enisa, qmnuli zurab SanSovanisagan, 1737 welsa~) moKolebuli araerTi praqtikuli gra-matika Seiqmna. ganusazGvrelia mniSvneloba anton pirvelis gramati-kisa. àntonis gramatika arsebiTad pirveli gramatikaa qarTuli eni-sa, masTan Kvelaze vrceli praqtikul (winaremecnierul) gramtikaTa


Soris, rac ki dGemde dawerila~ (Ciqobava 1965, gv. 90) da mas èmKareba rigi gramatika qarTuli enisa XVIII saukunis ukanasknel me-oTxedSi da XIX saukunis pirvel meoTxedSi~ (iqve, gv. 19). kidev er-Ti Sefaseba: ànton pirvelis `qarTuli Grammatikis~ mniSvneloba ara marto imiT ganisazGvreba, rom es aris pirveli sruli saskolo gramatika, aramed imiTac, rom misi gavlena Semdgomi drois gramati-kosebze didze didi iKo da gramatikli azris ganviTareba saqarTve-loSi srulad ar iqneba warmodgenili, Tu antonis gramatika gamo-wvlilviT ar iqneba Seswavlili~ (babunaSvili 1970, gv. 3).

i. abulaZis TqmiT, `z. SanSovanis `qarTul gramatikas~ mxo-lod istoriuli mniSvneloba aqvs. igi pirveli cdaa qarTuli gra-matikis Sedgenisa~: cda, romelsac zurabis TanamedroveTagani da ax-lo TanamSromeli _ vaxuSti batoniSvili _ samarTlianad uKurebs rogorc `gzas Grammatikisas usruls~ (abulaZe 1940, gv. 158). miu-xedavad imisa, rom z. SanSovanis gramatika somxuri gramatikis mi-xedviT iqmneboda (Ciqobava 1965, gv. 87), masSi aris zogi faseuli dakvirveba, tertertertermimimiminonononolololologigigigiuuuuri siri siri siri siaxaxaxaxlelelele, rac ùcvlelad (anda erTgva-rad cvlili) antonis gramatikaSic iKo Semdeg gamoKenebuli da qar-Tuli enis gramatikaSi damkvidrda (amjamad Znelia imis Tqma, aqedan ra ukve moipoveboda da ra aris z. SanSovanis Seqmnili. sasasasagragragragramamamamatitititi----ko terko terko terko termimimiminenenenebis isbis isbis isbis istotototoria qarria qarria qarria qarTuTuTuTuli enis grali enis grali enis grali enis gramamamamatitititikis iskis iskis iskis istotototoririririas gvaas gvaas gvaas gva----niSniSniSniSnebsnebsnebsnebs. sakiTxs calke Seswavla esayiroeba~ (Ciqobava 1965, gv. 87).

amdenad, antoni garkveulad emKareba winamorbed gramatikosTa (Kovel SemTxvevaSi z. SanSovanis) monapovars, iseve, rogorc z. San-Sovani, ivaraudeba, adrindel gramatikebs qarTuli Tu sxva enebisas: magram mTavari isaa, rom pirvelad qarTul sinamdvileSi antonma Se-Zlo sistemuri saxe mieca, erTgvarad SeeJamebina arsebuli da ganev-rco igi Tavisi ubadlo niyis wKalobiT; faqtobriv, Seeqmna sruli gramatika qarTuli enisa da safuZveli moemzadebina qarTuli enis Semdgomi kvlevisaTvis.

oriode sitKva kvlav antonis gramatikaze. rogorc cnobilia, antonis gramatikis ori varianti arsebobs: pirveli _ 1753 wlisa da meore _ 1767 wlisa. Cveni msJeloba emKareba meore variants, romelic pirvelad r. erisTavma gamosca 1885 wels, xolo meored 1997 wels gamoica; teqsti gamosacemad moamzades e. babunaSvilma, n, goguaZem, l. kiknaZem. leqsikoni daurTo e. babunaSvilma.

Cven swored es TandarTuli leqsikoni gvainteresebs amJerad. es aris gramatikul terminTa mokle leqsikoni, romelSic samasamde terminia ganmartebuli (antoni 1997, gv. 397-406), rogorc gamomce-


79

meli wers, àntonis gramatikul naazrevSi garkvevis gasaadvileb-lad~ (iqve, gv. 7). sagangebo kvlevis gareSe SeuZlebelia antonis mi-er gamoKenebul terminebze msJeloba. KuradGeba unda mivapKroT imas, rom antoni Tavad wers: `da munve rossiasa Sina Kofasa Cems vikiTx‚di elielielielinunununuririririsasasasa da lalalalaTiTiTiTinunununuririririsasasasa da franfranfranfrancicicicisusususulilililisasasasa da itaitaitaitalilililiaaaa----nunununuririririsasasasa da gergergergermamamamanunununulilililisasasasa da rurururususususulilililisasasasa enaTa mecnierad, viTarmed vi-Tarime iKo guari ƒmarebad nawilTa sitK‚saTa da saxelTa maTTa enaTa maT Soris TqmulTa~ (antoni 1997, gv. 9). ase rom, am termin-Tagan romeli aris aGebuli romeli enidan, kalkirebuli Tu Tar-gmnili, mixedviT gakeTebuli Tu Seqmnili, sagangebo kvlevis gareSe amis garkveva Znelia. CvenTvis isaa sagulisxmo, rom antonis gavlena gasdevs mTel XVIII-XIX saukuneebs da, rogorc iTqva, bevri termini antonis mier Seqmnili Tu antonis mier gamoKenebuli dGesac ar kargavs mniSvnelobas, Tumca am terminiT aGniSnuli cneba SeiZleba gansxvavebuli iKos.

magaliTisaTvis, imave mniSvnelobiT ixmareba antonis mier gamoKenebuli terminebi: asoasoasoaso, brZabrZabrZabrZanenenenebibibibiTiTiTiTi, dadadadadedededebibibibiTiTiTiTi (xarisxi), marmarmarmar----cvacvacvacvalililili, namKonamKonamKonamKo, sasasasaxelxelxelxelzmnazmnazmnazmna, sqesqesqesqesisisisi, marmarmarmarcvacvacvacvalililili, qvemqvemqvemqvemdedededebabababarererere, SoSoSoSorisrisrisrisdedededebubububu----lililili, ukuukuukuukuTqmiTqmiTqmiTqmiTiTiTiTi, CveCveCveCvenenenenebebebebeTiTiTiTi (zmnizeda) da sxva...

gansxvavebuli SinaarsiT gamoiKeneba: ararararsesesesebibibibiTiTiTiTi (zmna), aGmaaGmaaGmaaGmatetetete----bibibibiTiTiTiTi, ganuganuganuganusazGvresazGvresazGvresazGvrelililili (sitKva, sqesi...), dawKebidawKebidawKebidawKebiTiTiTiTi (kavSiri), momomomoqmeqmeqmeqme----dedededebibibibiTiTiTiTi (winadadebaSi romelime wevris realurad arseboba), nanananaTeTeTeTesasasasa----oooobibibibiTiTiTiTi (warmoqmnil saxelTa Jgufi), pipipipirorororobibibibiTiTiTiTi (piriani zmna), sasasasazozozozo----gagagagadodododo (qaragmis saxeoba), sqesqesqesqesisisisi (zmnis kilo) da sxva...

xSiria SemTxveva, roca antoni berZnul-romaul terminebs uc-vlelad gadmoiGebs: ipoipoipoipodidididiosososostotototolililili (= garemorTxuli), ipoipoipoipotetetetetitititikakakaka (= TuobiTi sqesi), kankankankanklekleklekledodododobabababa (brZaneba), latlatlatlatriariariaria (qaragmis saxe), okokokok----siasiasiasia (maxvili), proproproprososososodidididiaaaanininini (Tqma), stiGmastiGmastiGmastiGma (wertili), GGGGamamamammimimimi (aso, bge-ra) da sxva; Tumca isic sagulisxmoa, rom zogi am terminTagani si-nonimurad gamoiKeneba: maxmaxmaxmaxvivivivilililili, TqmaTqmaTqmaTqma, asoasoasoaso... ra SemTxvevaSi gamoiKene-ba laTinuri da ra SemTxvevaSi qarTuli, amJerad Zneli saTqmelia, amas sagangebo Zieba unda.

`terminologiuri TvalsazrisiT sruli aGmavloba gamoCenili qarTveli leqsikografis sulxan-saba orbelianis (1658-1725) saxels ukavSirdeba, rodesac mwerlobasTan erTad kvlav aGorZinda CvenSi filosofiuri azrovneba da literatura. misi leqsikoni cnebaTa uCveulo detalizaciisa da mecnieruli gansazGvris TvalsazrisiT dGesac erT-erTi ZiriTadi wKaroa ama Tu im dargis terminebis Se-muSavebis dros~ (GambaSiZe 1986, gv. 92).


gansakuTrebiT intensiuri iKo terminologiuri muSaoba XIX saukuneSi. Cven aq ar vapirebT detalur ganxilvas am muSaobisa, da-vasaxelebT mxolod ZiriTad faqtebs am problemasTan dakavSire-buls, rom saerTo suraTi Seiqmnas, dGevandGevandGevandGevandedededeli vili vili vili viTaTaTaTarererereba saba saba saba saenenenenTaTaTaTa----mecmecmecmecninininieeeero terro terro terro termimimiminonononolololologigigigiiiiisasasasa ra tra ra tra ra tra ra tradidididiciciciciebs emKareebs emKareebs emKareebs emKarebabababa, , , , ra gza gara gza gara gza gara gza gaiiiiaaaara ra ra ra man da ramman da ramman da ramman da ramdedededenad swonad swonad swonad sworad Serad Serad Serad SeiZiZiZiZleleleleba Seba Seba Seba Sefasfasfasfasdes Tades Tades Tades Tananananamedmedmedmedrorororove mdgove mdgove mdgove mdgomamamama----rererereoooobabababa.

roca XIX saukunis terminologiur saqmianobas vexebiT, upirve-

lesad daviT da ioane bagrationebis leqsikografiuli moGvaweoba unda gavixsenoT. isini ara marto agrZeleben winamorbedTa tradi-ciebs (gansakuTrebiT s.-s. orbelianisa), aramed qmnian axali tipis orenovan da mravalenovan leqsikonebs; isini arian pirveli dargob-rivi leqsikonebis avtorebi (quTaTelaZe 1967); didZal terminolo-giur masalas Seicavs ioane bagrationis èqvstomiani (40 000 sitKvis Semcveli) rusul-qarTuli leqsikoni, Sedgenili 1807 wels; masSi Setanilia, erTi mxriT, terminebi codnis iseTi dargebidan, rogoricaa: filosofia, fsiqologia, eTika, logika, iurispruden-cia, miTologia, enaTmecniereba, poetika, ritorika, gramatika, isto-ria da, meore mxriT, soflis meurneobasa da mrewvelobasTan, reli-giur ritualebsa da samxedro ceremonialTan dakavSirebuli sitKvebi, samedicino, botanikuri da zoologiuri terminebi. mxo-lod bunebismetKvelebasTan dakavSirebuli terminebi 5 000-mdea. es TargmniT-ganmartebiTi leqsikoni, romelSic TavmoKrilia didZali dialeqtologiuri masala, Tanamedrove leqsikografiis Tvalsazri-siT did interess iwvevs~ (GambaSiZe 1986, gv. 95). isicaa sagulis-xmo, rom ioane bagrationisTvis xelmisawvdomia ramdenime ena: rusu-li, Turquli, arabuli, sparsuli, somxuri, franguli, laTinuri... es garkveul fass sdebs mis naSroms...

sagangebo Seswavlis sagnad unda iqces samocianelTa termino-logiuri moGvaweoba. aris calkeul avtorTa Sesaxeb arsebul gamo-kvlevebSi amis Taobaze saubari (magaliTad: g. SalamberiZe 1966; S. ZiZiguri 1963 da sxva). magram esaa zGvaSi wveTi, Tu gaviTvaliswi-nebT i. gogebaSvilis, r. erisTavisa da sxvaTa damsaxurebas am sfe-roSi. gansakuTrebiT ki r. erisTavis moGvaweobas, romelic SeiZleba CaiTvalos XIX saukunis II naxevris saqarTveloSi mamamTavrad termi-nologiuri muSaobisa.


81

1882 wels gazeT `droebaSi~ gamoqveKnda, faqtobriv, gancxade-ba: `terminologiis uqonloba abrkolebs rogorc sxvadasxva sa-xelmZGvaneloTa Sedgenas, ise dedaenazedac swavlebas, radgan maswav-leblebs ara aqvT skolaSi saxmarebeli sxvadasxva sagnebis termine-bi, romelnic aucileblad sayiroa skolaSi advilad da Tavisuf-lad swavlis waKvanisaTvis~ (`droeba~, # 225, 1882). am gancxadebis avtorebi iKvnen Tbilisis saxelosno saswavleblis maswavleblebi a. GulaZe da i. mrevliSvili.

KuradGebas mivapKrobT: qarTuli terminologiis uqonloba a) abrkolebs saxelmZGvaneloTa Sedgenas; b) abrkolebs dedaenaze swavlebas da b) xels uSlis swavlis procesis advilad da Tavisuflad

waKvanas. sakiTxi principulad sworadaa dasmuli. iqve terminologiis

erTgvarovnebazec aris KuradGeba gamaxvilebuli: `terminebi gvaqvs, magram gafantulia; sayiroa maTi Sekreba da gamogamogamogamocxacxacxacxadedededeba saKovelba saKovelba saKovelba saKovel----Tao saTao saTao saTao saxxxxmamamamarebrebrebrebladladladlad, rom Kvelgan erTgvari terminebis xmareba iqnes SemoGebuli da ara xelmZGvanelobdes maswavlebeli TavisTavad mo-gonebulis terminebiT~ (iqve).

am gancxadebas sakmaod saintereso gamoxmaureba mohKva. imjamin-deli inteligencia xedavs principul aucileblobas qarTuli ter-minologiis SemuSavebisas; terminTa unificirebis sakiTxi mwvaved daisva: `dGevandlamdis, vinc ki mohkidebda xels, marto Tavis qeif-zed agebda terminebs da amis gamo literaturaSi erTsa da imave sa-gnis saxelad as termins SexvdebiT, romelic revs da ukan aKenebs saqmes~ (`droeba~, # 258, 1887).

1882 wels Seiqmna sagangebo terminologiuri komisia. Tu ram-denad seriozuli iKo es sakiTxi, iqidanac Cans, rom komisiis wevre-bi iKvnen: i. yavyavaZe, a. wereTeli, i. gogebaSvili, i. maCabeli, z. yiyinaZe da sxvani _ komisiis TavmJdomared r. erisTavi aurCeviaT.

gazeT `SromaSi~ gamoqveKnda sxdomis angariSi, sadac saorgani-zacio sakiTxebi ganixileboda; ra principiT unda SeemuSavebinaT terminebi: `r. erisTavi, a. wereTeli da sxvebi moiTxovdnen: 1. Se-vitKoT ra terminebi gvaqvs qarTul enaze, gadavxedoT Zvel wignebs, romlebic axla daviwKebulia, amisTvis sayiroa krebam rig-rigad ga-nixilos Zveli samecniero wignebi, Sekribos Kvela qarTul enaze na-xmari terminebi. 2. is, rac Zvel wignebSi rigianadaa naxmari, ucvle-lad SemovitanoT, 3. urigod naxmari gadavakeToT. 4. terminebi, romlebic Cven enaze srulebiT ar arian naxmari, SemovitanoT sxva


xalxis enidan... amis winaaGmdegni iKvnen: i. yavyavaZe da i. gogebaSvi-li. isini amtkicebdnen, rom: 1. ase wamowKebuli saqme Sors ver wava. SesaZlebelia, CvenTvis sayiro sitKvebi Zvel wignebSi cudad iyos naxmari; 2. umJobesia, kreba Tavidanve Seudges terminebis damuSave-bas da dro ar dahkargos Zveli wignebis CiCqnaSi~ (`Sroma~, # 46, 1882). es vrceli amonaweri imisTvis moviKvaneT, warmodgena Seviq-mnaT im saqmianobaze, romelic gaimarTa XIX saukunis miwuruls. Se-degad damuSavda araerTi mniSvnelovani terminologia. am mxriv fas-daudebelia r. erisTavis moGvaweoba (ix.: iordaniSvili 1968). es periodi terminologiuri kvleva-Ziebisa met KuradGebas imsaxu-rebs... isic sagulisxmoa, rom imdroindeli qarTuli presa did in-teress iCenda am samuSaosadmi da sistematurad aSuqebda (ufro da-wvrilebiT amis Taobaze ix. r. GambaSiZe 1986. iqve SegiZliaT gaec-noT bibliografiasac, imJamad presaSi gamoqvenebuli naSromebisa).

Kovelive aman sakmaod mKari niadagi moumzada XX saukunis terminologiur saqmianobas. Cven amJerad KuradGebas vamaxvilebT enaTmecnierul terminologiaze, Tumca zogJer ar moxerxdeba ase gancalkavebeba _ saerTo problematikidan gamomdinare.

terminologiuri muSaoba gansakuTrebiT farTo xasiaTs iZens

XX saukuneSi. amisaTvis arsebobs xelSemwKobi ramdenime piroba: a) viTardeba mecnierebis sxvadasxva dargi; b) iqmneba erovnuli ganaTlebis sistema; d) fuZndeba sxvadasxva tipis umaGlesi Tu specialuri saswav-

leblebi. rogorc aGniSnavdnen, XX saukunis dasawKisidan Kvela tipis

saswavlebelSi ZiriTadi sagnebi qarTul enaze ikiTxeboda. gansakuT-rebiT universitetis daarsebas aqvs am SemTxvevaSi didi mniSvnelo-ba.

SeimCneva ori mimarTuleba, erTi esaa ZiriTadad 20-ian wleb-Si teqnikuri dargis secialistTa pozicia. XX saukunis meore aT-wleulSi Seiqmna saqarTvelos teqnikuri sazogadoeba, romelmac 1920 wels gamosca `rusul-qarTuli teqnikuri leqsikoni~ (qar-Tul-rusuli da rusul-qarTuli nawili). rogorc aGniSnaven, am leqsikons bevri nakli hqonda. es ar iKo gamowveuli mxolod imiT, rom TiTqmis pirveli cda iKo teqnikuri terminologiuri leqsiko-nis gmocemisa, aq arsebiTi isaa, rom àvavavavtotototorerererebibibibisasasasaTvis mTaTvis mTaTvis mTaTvis mTavavavavari lori lori lori lo----zunzunzunzungi iKo ingi iKo ingi iKo ingi iKo interterterternanananacicicicioooonanananalur terlur terlur terlur terminminminminTaTaTaTa srusrusrusruli uguli uguli uguli ugulelelelebelKofabelKofabelKofabelKofa, , , ,


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KveKveKveKvela terla terla terla termimimimininininisasasasaTvis qarTvis qarTvis qarTvis qarTuTuTuTuli Seli Seli Seli SesasasasattttKKKKvivivivisis dasis dasis dasis daZebZebZebZebnananana.... amitomac iKo, rom saerTaSoriso terminTa qarTuli Targmanebi leqsikonSi xelov-nur xasiaTs atarebda (бензин _ banyvini, кантора _ angarani, депо _ saKudi, комплект _ savsi, монополия _ xoloufleba, термин _ sa-xelsaxi, инструкция _ xelsaZGvano da sxva) (GambaSiZe 1986, gv. 102).

miuTiTeben imasac, rom axal terminTa Seqmnisas àvtorebisa-Tvis xan xalxuri etimologizaciis principi iKo amosavali, xan emo-ciur-eqspresiuli, xan keTilxmovnebisa anu evfonisa, xan ki qarTuli sitKvawarmoebis TvalsazrisiT sruliad gaugebari gza iKo arCeuli (ar iKo gamyvirvale sitKvis Sedgeniloba, misi komponentebi _ Ziri, mawarmoebeli afiqsebi da sxv.). amitomac iKo, rom es formebi fexs ver ikidebda da ena advilad icilebda maT Tavidan~ (GambaSiZe, 1986, gv. 103).

am SemTxvevaSi CvenTvis sainteresoa principi terminologiuri muSaobisa. vukol beriZis azriT, ès leqes leqes leqes leqsisisisikokokokoni warmoni warmoni warmoni warmoiSiSiSiSva rova rova rova rogorc gorc gorc gorc rererereaqaqaqaqciaciaciacia, , , , rorororogorc pagorc pagorc pagorc pasusususuxi TviTmpKroxi TviTmpKroxi TviTmpKroxi TviTmpKrobebebebelurlurlurlur, , , , gagagagamamamamarurururusesesesebebebebeli poli poli poli polilililititititi----kikikikisasasasa~ (beriZe 1952, gv. 30). es Zalze saintereso daskvnaa: saukuno-vanma antiqarTulma politikam, rusifikaciis intensiurma procesma warmoSva es reaqcia. erT-erT avtors am leqsikonisa, giorgi niko-laZes, dGiurSi Cauweria: `me gaqarTulebas, cxadia, gaGma gadavebis mizniT vqadageb, Torem giji xom ara var, rom maTematikas, qimias an fizikas saxelebis Secvlas vupirebde, an movelode Cveni planetis romelime kuTxeSi~ (nikolaZe, mogonebebi; vimowmebT r. GambaSiZis wignidan, gv. 103). am principma ar gaamarTla. es principi gaxda 1921 wels Seqmnili saxelmwifo samecniero sabyos msJelobis sagani. am sabyos faqtobrivi TavmJdomare iKo ivane JavaxiSvili (oficialu-rad moadgile; TavmJdomare iKo ganaTlebis saxalxo komisari d. kan-delaki) (JorbenaZe 1981, gv. 349). ìvane JavaxiSvilis meTaurobiT sa-mecniero sabyo ar zogavda daxarJul dros, energias samecniero terminologiis damuSavebaze. pirvel sam wels 165 sxdoma Caatara samecniero sabyom da Kvelaze didi dro swored samecniero termi-nologiaze muSaobas moandoma. ara marto humanitaruli dargebis terminologia SemuSavda~ (JorbenaZe 1981, gv. 351). Cven amJerad hu-manitaruli, kerZod saenaTmecniero, terminologia gvainteresebs. am TvalsazrisiT sagangebod unda aGiniSnos swored ivane JavaxiSvilis damsaxureba.

Cven saxelmwifo samecniero sabyo vaxseneT. ivane JavaxiSvilis moGvaweoba terminologiuri TvalsazrisiT gacilebiT adre daiwKo. 1938 wels Tbilisis saxelmwifo universitetis 20 wlisTavze i. Ja-


vaxiSvili aGniSnavda: `pirveli, rasac unda miqceoda KuradGeba, es iKo qarTuli kulturis Seswavla; qarTuli kulturis codna mo-gvcemda saSualebas, im Zveli maragis gamosaKeneblad, romelzedac aGmocenebuliKo, Tu gnebavT, aGmdgariKo mkvdreTiT Zveli qarTuli mecniereba _ odesGac mdidari, magram Semdeg dakninebuli. am miz-niT sayiro iKo terminologiis masalebis dagroveba, amasTanave, sa-Sualeba unda hqonoda axalgazrdobas, mecniereba Seeswavla qarTu-lad da msJelobis unari gamoemuSavebina. amisTvis 1907 wels daar-sebuli iKo peterburgSi qarTuli samecniero wre. TiTqos sruli-ad martivi da umniSvnelo ambavia, magram am samecniero wreSi stu-dentebi rom Tavs iKridnen, msJeloba warimarTeboda qarTulad~ (Ja-vaxiSvili 1971, gv. 10).

erT-erTi mizani am wamowKebisa, rogorc iTqva, qarTuli samec-niero terminologiis damuSaveba iKo. ZiriTadad am wreSi humanita-rebi iKvnen, magram, rogorc aGniSnaven, es `wamowKeba martooden hu-manitarul dargebSi mecnieruli terminologiis daxvewa-dawinaure-biT rodi izGudeboda~ (JorbenaZe 1981, gv. 148).

ivane JavaxiSvili ar izGudeboda am wris xelmZGvanelobiT da `1908 wels TbilisSi qarTvel inteligentTa didi Jgufi Sekriba (40 kacamde), sadac qarTuli terminologiis SemuSavebis sakiTxebi daaKena~ (JorbenaZe 1981, gv. 351). i. JavaxiSvili miznad isaxavs qar-Tuli samecniero leqsikonis SemuSavebasa da gamocemas. esaa faqtob-riv terminologiuri leqsikoni. am mizniT 1913 wels i. JavaxiSvils v. beriZis, s. gorgaZis, k. kekeliZisa da a. SaniZis TanaavtorobiT wignaki gamoucia, sadac saubari Kofila ìm did rolze, rac qar-Tuli samecniero leqsikonis Seqmnas SeuZlia Seasrulos~ (JorbenaZe 1981 gv. 351). wignakSi werdnen Turme: ès sayiroa TavadaznaurTa da inteligenciis im gadagvarebuli wreebisaTvis ki ara, romelnic qarTulze mwKralad brZandebian da deda-enis daknineba srulebiTac ar awuxebT imitom, rom piradi keTildGeoba da dawinaureba Sead-gens maTs umTavres sazrunavs, aramed Cveni xalxis da erovnebis im umravlesobisaTvis, romlisTvisac qarTuli winandeburad stiqiu-rad deda-enaa da misi azrovnebisa da grZnobebis erdaderTdi gamo-mxatveli~ (vimowmebT: JavaxiSvili 1921, gv. 351).

ase rom, saukunis dasawKisSi dawKebuli terminologiuri sa-qmianoba warmatebiT gagrZelda 20-ian wlebSi. teqnikuri termino-logiis SemdgeneleTa mTavari lozungi gvaxsovs: Kvelaferi qarTu-lad. i. JavaxiSvili SeniSnavda amis pasuxad, rom `terminebis am xe-lovnuri surogatebis Seswavla ufro Zneli iqneboda, vidre arse-


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buli saerTaSoriso terminebisa~ da sami ZiriTadi principi, aiGes saxelmZGvanelod:

1. rodesac ori terminia, erTi saerTaSoriso da meore qar-Tulad naTargmni, magram uvargisi enis kanonebisa Tu mniSvnelobis TvalsazrisiT, rCeba saerTaSoriso da qarTuli uarKofili unda iKos.

2. rodesac meore qarTuli terminebi wesierad aris nawarmoe-bi da Seefereba cnebas, orive termini rCeba.

3. Tu ramdenime qarTuli terminia, upiratesoba eZleva imas, romelic enis kanonebis TvalsazrisiT wesierad aris nawarmoebi (ix. JorbenaZe 1981, gv. 352-353).

es iKo principebi, romelTa mixedviTac Seiqmna maTematikur terminTa leqsikoni 1925 wels, literaturisa da enaTmecnierebis terminologia _ 1928 wels... Cven es ukanaskneli gvainteresebs, Tumca manamde gvinda SevexoT akaki SaniZis wvlils qarTuli saenaT-mecniero terminologiis SemuSavebisa da daxvewis saqmeSi.

XX saukunis qarTul saenaTmecniero terminologiis SeqmnaSi

ganuzomelia akaki SaniZis roli da mniSvneloba. a. SaniZes principuli damokidebuleba aqvs samecniero termi-

nologiisadmi. igi, cxadia, zedmiwevniT icnobs tradiciul termino-logias, rogorc qarTul enaze arsebuls, ise ucxours. Tavisi moGvaweobis dasawKisSi igi samecniero Sromebs wers rogorc qar-Tul, ise rusul enebze; igi aris TavmJdomare qarTvel studentTa samecniero wrisa peterburgSi da aqtiuri warmomadgeneli iqauri samecniero sazogadoebisa.

a. SaniZis pirveli periodis qarTulenovani da rusulenovani naSromebis Sedareba saSualebas mogvcems davinaxoT misi damokide-buleba samecniero terminologiisadmi. am mxriv gansakuTrebiT mniS-vnelovania misi pirveli monografia _ `subieqturi prefiqsi meore pirisa da obieqturi prefiqsi mesame pirisa qarTul zmnebSi.~ Cven xelTa gvaqvs am monografiis rusuli da qarTuli variantebi. ro-gorc avtori miuTiTebs, rusuli varianti `Субъектный префикс второго лица и объектный третъего в грузинских глаголах~ ibeydeboda ruseTis samecniero akademiis `Материали по Яфетическому языкознанию~ seriaSi. stambaSi Cabarebuli iKo 1915 wels Semodgo-maze, daibeyda sami rveuli, magram wignis damTavreba, sxvadasxva da-brkolebaTa gamo ver moxerxda~ (SaniZe 1981, gv. 530). qarTuli va-


rianti wignad gamoica 1920 wels. imve wels iqna daculi sadoqto-ro disertaciad.

imave periodSi, roca ibeydeba rusuli varianti (1915 w.), pe-terburgSi gamoqveKnebul qarTuli samecniero wris `krebulSi~ daibeyda a. SaniZis qarTulenovani naSromi `qarTuli kiloebi mTa-Si~.

Cven SevecadeT, am aTgverdiani naSromidan amogvewera samecnie-ro terminebi. davinaxeT, rom naSromis `qarTuli saxis~ Seqmnaze Tu rogor zrunavs avtori. terminTa erTi nawili tradiciuli qarTu-li terminebia, adreul naSromebSi dadasturebuli (saxelobiTi, moqmedebiTi, namKo sruli, mKofadi da sxva), Tumca zogJer Secvli-li SinaarsiT, nawili avtoris Seqmnili Cans (wKvilobiTi, ocobiTi, mravalgzisi, Tema da sxva), nawilic _ SedarebiT umniSvnelo _ ucxouri terminia gamoKenebuli (koniuqtivi, prefiqsi, sufiqsi): (naSroms vimowmebT 1981 wlis gamocemidan. rogorc wignis redaq-tori (S. ZiZiguri) miuTiTebs, naSromi `dabeydilia im saxiT, ro-gorc es adreul gamocemebSi iKo... datovebul iqna ZiriTadad im-droindeli terminologiac. mcireodeni Sesworeba Seexo mxolod aSkara Secdomebs, TiTo-orola termins (mag., moTxrobiTi kilo _ TxrobiTi kilo, uGvlileba _ uGleba) da ramdenime orTografias~ (SaniZe 1981, gv. 5-6). am naSromSi (`qarTuli kiloebi mTaSi~) gamoKenebuli terminebisaTvis Tvalis erTi gadavlebac sakmarisia, rom davinaxoT avtoris damokidebuleba am sakiTxebisadmi _ `ramde-nad qarTulia~ igi.

amoGeba xmovnisa (= reduqcia), awmKo, bgera, brunva, brZanebi-Ti, gudamaKruli, dro (1. zmnis dro, 2. mwkrivi), zedsarTavi, Tema (= fuZe), TuSuri, Txovnis kilo, kategoriuli brZanebiTi, kbilismi-eri, kilo, kilokavi, kninobiTi, koniuqtivi, meSveli zmna, micemiTi, micemiTi obieqti, moqmedebiTi brunva, moqmedebiTi zmna, moxeuri, mjGeri, mravalgzisi, mravlobiTi, mKofadi, mxolobiTi, namKo, namKo sruli, namKo usruli, nacvalsaxeli, ocobiTi, prefiqsi, ricxviTi, sadauroba, saxeli (= arsebiTis), saxelobiTi, sufiqsi, uGvlileba, fSauri, fxouri, Kru bgera, Ziri, wKvilobiTi, xevsuruli...

aGvniSneT zemoT, rom am terminebs sxvadasxva kvalifikacia un-da mieces. am etapze Cven gagviyirdeba dazustebiT visaubroT TiTo-euli terminis warmomavlobaze, faqtia isic, rom bevri maTgani a. SaniZis kuTvnilebaa. erTi ki faqtia: TiTqmis Kvela maTgani dGes moqmedi terminia da amaSicaa akaki SaniZis didi damsaxureba. amis Taobaze qvemoTac vitKviT.


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Cven gvindoda am mcire moculobis naSromis magaliTze gveCve-nebina zogadi damokidebuleba a. SaniZisa samecniero terminologii-sadmi. am Temaze oriode sitKvas kvlavac vitKviT: Tu ra mniSvnelo-bas aniyebda akaki SaniZe terminis sizustes, moxerxebulobas (simar-Jves), amis Taobaze sakmaod vrclad msJelobs qarTuli enis `grama-tikis safuZvlebSi~ (SaniZe 1973).

aqve SevniSneT: roca vsaubrobT a. SaniZis damsaxurebaze qar-Tuli samecniero terminologiis Seqmna-damkvidrebis Sesaxeb, Ziri-Tadad vemKarebiT (xelTa gvaqvs) a. SaniZis gramatikis Semdegi gamo-cemebi:

qarTuli enis gramatika _ 1930 Zveli qarTuli ena (saxelmZGvanelo skolebisaTvis _ Zveli

qarTuli ena da literatura) _ 1935 qarTuli gramatikis safuZvlebi, nakveTi I, _ 1942 qarTuli gramatikis safuZvlebi, nakveTi II, _ 1943 qarTuli gramatikis safuZvlebi _ 1953 qarTuli enis gramatika _ 1955 qarTuli enis gramatika _ 1962 qarTuli enis gramatikis safuZvlebi _ 1973. am saxelmZGvaneloTa Sedareba terminologiuri TvalsazrisiT

saintereso suraTs qmnis: a. SaniZe mudmivad xvews, azustebs, sayiro-ebis SemTxvevaSi cvlis termins, amis magaliTebsac moviKvanT qvemoT, manamde ki warmovadgenT vrcel msJelobas mcire komentarebiT.

`cnobilia, rom tradiciulad SemuSavebuli gramatikuli no-menklatura xSirad ar Seefereba saqmis namdvil viTarebas da zog-Jer iseTia, rom pirdapir xels gviSlis movlenis Seswavlisa da sworad Sefasebis saqmeSi. magram arsad tradiciuli terminebi ise xelis SemSleli ar Kofila, rogorc zmnaTa uGlebis dargSi. tra-diciis ugulebelKofa rom SesaZlebeli iKos, sul Sesacvlelia mTe-li kompleqti mwkrivTa saxelebisa. idealuri iqneboda, rom mwkriv-Ta saxelebis darqmevis dros mxedvelobaSi ar KofiliKo miGebuli maTi Semadgeneli elementebi, rogoricaa dro, kilo, gzisoba da sxva, aramed monaxuliKo sruliad neitraluri saxelebi, _ Tundac xelovnuri, romlebic miekuTvneboda ama Tu im mwkrivs; vTqvaT, saxe-lebi darqmeodaT maT xeebis saxelebis mixedviT: arKisa, fiyvisa, na-Zvisa, soyisa, wiflisa, rcxilisa, wablisa, muxisa da sxva (es azri _ `xeebis saxelebi~ _ 1942 wlis gamocemaSi araa, Cndeba 1953 w. _ g. g.), rac arsebiTad erTgvari reforma iqneboda. magram radganac amis SesaZlebloba amjamad ar aris, iseTi xerxi mainc unda iqnes moZebni-


li, rom movlenis arsebiTi mxare ar daiCrdilos~ (SaniZe Tb., 1973, gv. 217).

aqve imasac SevniSnavT, rom terminebad neitraluri saxelebis gamoKenebis upiratesobaze mianiSnebs arn. Ciqobavac: `gaugebrobas agvacilebda nakvTis saxeli struqturuli TvalsazrisiT (ubralo nomeraciis wesiTac ki!), xolo Tu funqciebze daKrdnobiT davaxasi-aTebdiT nakvTs, ZiriTadi funqcia unda gamovKoT da ar vivarau-doT, TiTqos amiT sruli funqciuri daxasiaTeba warmovadgineT~ (Ciqobava 1962, gv. 102).

a. SaniZis zemomoKvanili msJeloba kidev ufro konkretdeba mwkrivTa saxelebis darqmevis SemTxvevisaTvis: `mwkrivebis saxelTa darqmevis dros SeiZleba Semdegi principiT vixelmZGvaneloT: rode-sac mwkrivSi elementTagan marto dro da kilo aris, TxrobiT ki-loian mwkrivebs drois mixedviT davarqvaT saxeli, sxva kiloian mwkrivebs ki _ kiloTa mixedviT. rodesac mwkrivSi droisa da ki-los sxva elementic emateba, maSin saxelis arCevis dros mTavari KuradGeba am damatebul elements mieqces. Tu sadme neitraluri saxeli moiZebneba, tradiciulad SemuSavebuli, is Tavis alagas iq-nes gamoKenebuli... am SemTxvevaSic mwkrivis cneba ar unda avrioT drois an kilos cnebasTan~ (SaniZe, 1973, gv. 217).

faqtobriv, is ori msJeloba aris instruqcia imisaTvis, Tu rogor unda SemuSavdes terminebi, ras unda mieqces KuradGeba. ki-dev erTi msJeloba terminologiuri xasiaTisa: `gaugebrobis Tavidan asacileblad aqve unda ganvacxadoT, rom drodrodrodroisisisis aGsaniSnavad mxo-lod es sami termini gvaqvs gamoKenebuli: exexexexlanlanlanlandedededelililili, , , , warwarwarwarsusususuli li li li da momomomomamamamavavavavalililili.... rac Seexeba aqamomde arsebulebs awawawawmmmmKKKKosososos, , , , namKosnamKosnamKosnamKos da mmmmKKKKooooffffadsadsadsads,,,, isini SeiZleba garkveul mwkrivebs mivakuTvnoT. aqac qar-TulSi amaTgan marto àwmKo~ da `mKofadi~ gvyirdeba. `namKo~ ki SeiZleba sxva enebisTvis gamogvadges~ (SaniZe 1973, gv. 199). aq kidev erT moments mivapKroT KuradGeba: a. SaniZe roca akeTebs arCevans, es arCevani KovelTvis motivirebulia, argumentirebulia. magali-Tad, ganmarteba imisa, Tu ratom amJobina es terminebi: `terminebi awmKoawmKoawmKoawmKo, , , , namKonamKonamKonamKo, , , , mKofamKofamKofamKofadidididi xenlovnuria da anton I-isagan momdinareobs. pirvel or maTgans Camokvecili aqvs bolo marcvali: awawawaw----mKomKomKomKo((((fifififi)))),,,, nananana----mKofmKofmKofmKof(fi). mKofamKofamKofamKofadidididi (mKoobadi, mKobadi) igivea, rac Kofadi, e. i. rac iqneba, rac unda iKos.

aGniSnuli terminebi, xelovnurobis garda, ramdenadme uxer-xulic aris amjamad, radganac àwmKo~-Si awawawaw Zveli mniSvnelobiT aris naxmari: aw _ exla, aw-mKo(fi) _ exla mKofi, magram dGes ter-


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minis pirvel nawils àwisawisawisawis~ ukavSireben, romelsac dasavlur kilo-ebSi sul sxva mniSvneloba aqvs: awi (← awiT) _ amas iqiT, amieri-dan~ (SaniZe 1973, gv. 199).

erTi konkretuli magaliTi. praqtikul gramatikebSi sauGle-beli erTeuli saxelad ZiriTadad drodrodrodro ixmareba, magaliTad, anton-Tan (babunaSvili, 1970, gv. 140). imasac miuTiTeben, rom zogJer jjjjamamamam-sac gamoiKenebs (iqve), z. SanSovanis termins (Ciqobava, 1965, gv. 85). xSir SemTxvevaSi aGreulia dro, kilo, rogorc sakuTriv kategoria Tu sauGlebeli erTeuli. adreul SromebSi, magaliTad, sadoqto-ro disertaciaSi, a. SaniZe gamoiKenebs drosdrosdrosdros, , , , kikikikiloslosloslos: `Tu zemore moKvanil zogad tabulas (II) kerZo SemTxvevebisaTvis vixmarT, e. i. ama Tu im drodrodrodroiiiisasasasa da kikikikilolololosasasasaTvisTvisTvisTvis gamoviKenebT, maSin igi... aseT sa-xes miiGebs~ (SaniZe 1981, gv. 118) da iqve sqemaa mocemuli:

namKo srunamKo srunamKo srunamKo srulis Jgulis Jgulis Jgulis Jgufifififi namKo sruli mKofadi (anu natvr. k.) namKo mravalgziTi brZanebiTi awmKos JguawmKos JguawmKos JguawmKos Jgufifififi awmKo erTgziTi awmKos mravalgziTi namKo usruli brZanebiTi (iqve, gv. 118-120). amave naSromSi drodrodrodro----kikikikilocloclocloc gamoiKeneba: àwmKos Jgufis dro-ki-

loTa formebi ufro naklebad ixmareba~ (iqve, gv. 194). 1930 wlis gramatikaSi sauGlebel erTeuls wevwevwevwevriririri daerqva:

`pirvel seriaSi sami wevwevwevwevriririri icvleba terminiT ririririgi gi gi gi :::: `Kvela piriani forma zmnisa SeiZleba gaiKos aT ririririgadgadgadgad..~ (a. SaniZe 1935, gv. 025). es citataa Zveli qarTuli enis saxelmZGvanelodan, romelic 1934 wels gamovida (Cven davimowmeT meore gamocema); am saxelmZGvanelos V gamocemaSi (1938 w.) avtorma gamoiKena ririririgisgisgisgis sinonimuri sitKva mwkrimwkrimwkrimwkrivi vi vi vi da mwkrimwkrimwkrimwkrivivivivi kategoriad gamocxadda da sabolood damkvid-rda kidec es termini qarTul gramatikaSi. 1941 wels specialuri gamokvlevac mieZGvna am Temas (a. SaniZe 1941), romlis ZiriTadi de-bulebebi Sevida `qarTuli gramatikis safuZvlebSi~, sadac avtori am terminis (mwkrimwkrimwkrimwkrivivivivi) ucxo enebze Targmanis sakiTxzec msJelobs: `sasurveli iqneboda, rom es termini SesuliKo saerTaSoriso grama-tikul terminologiaSi, magram gamartivebuli saxiT, rom sxva erov-nebaTa warmomadgenlebs gauadvildeT maTi gamoTqma. Cemi winadadeba aseTia: rus. скрива (ж. р.), fr. la skrive, germ. die Skrive, ingl. the skrive


(gamoTqvan, rogrc moexerxebaT). amiT saSualeba mogvecema, Tavi da-vaxwioT uxerxulobas bevrgan da gansakuTrebiT semituri enebis zmnebSi, sadac uGlebis formebi uxvad gvaqvs, magram `dro~ xSirad arcki~ (SaniZe 1942, gv. 210). es SeniSvna (da winac, romelSic ter-minis dasabuTeba iKo) gramatikis safuZvlebis momdevno gamocemebSi (1953 da Semdgomi) amoGebulia; gasagebia: terminis moxerxebulobis, saSualo skolis saxelmZGvaneloebisa da avtoris avtoritetis wKalobiT es termini TiTqmis saKovelTaod damkvidrda: SeSeSeSeniSniSniSniSvnavnavnavna:::: am terminis SesatKvisad arn. Ciqobavam ixmara `nakvTi~. ro-

gorc Cans, es termini adrec Kofila gamoKenebuli sauGlebeli erTeulis aGsaniSnavad (ix. kariyaSvili, 1930). arn. Ciqobavas damsaxurebaa is, rom misi skolis enaTmecnierTa SromebSi es termini damkvidrda. aq erTi momentia sagulisxmo: am terminis damkvidrebas axlda cne-bis gansxvavebuli gageba _ arn. Ciqobavas azriT, `nakvTi teqnikuri terminia da miuTiTebs uGvlilebis erTeulze am erTeulis funqciis aGuniSnavad, amitom nakvTi ver iq-neba gramatikuli kategoria (ufunqcio kategoria ar aris kategoria!) iseve, rogorc gramatikul kategorias ar gu-lisxmoben terminebi `bgera~, `marcvali~, `xmovani~, `fuZe~ (Ciqobava 1948, gv. 8). mogexsenebaT, a. SaniZis azriT, mwkrivi gramatikuli kategoriaa. amitomac SemdgomSi ar-Cevani _ mwkrivi Tu nakvTi _ imis Sesabamisad wKdeboda, am cnebis rogor gagebasTan gveqneboda saqme...

kidev erTi konkretuli magaliTi imisa, Tu rogor icvleba termini, rogor xdeba cnebis SinaarsTan misi misadageba.

`qarTuli gramatikis safuZvlebSi~ 1942 wels gaCnda paragra-fi ìntensiobis da~ : `da~ zmniswinis xmarebasTan xSirad dakavSire-bulia moqmedebis intensioba, rac pirdapiri obieqtis simravles gu-lisxmobs; es ki gardamaval zmnasTan aris SesaZlebeli~ (SaniZe 1942, gv. 248). ininininteteteteninininisosososobis dabis dabis dabis da gvxvdeba 1953 da 1955 wlebis gamocemebSi. 1962 wlis `qarTuli enis gramatikaSi~ inininintentententensisisisioooobisbisbisbis nacvlad gaCnda termini `rigrigrigrigririririgogogogobisbisbisbis da~ : `da zmniswSinis xmarebasTan xSirad da-kavSirebulia moqmedebis rigrigoba, rac pirdapiris obieqtis sim-ravles gulisxmobs~ (SaniZe 1961, gv. 153); sabolood, 1973 wlis gamocemaSi damkvidrda termini `TiTiTiTiToToToTooooobisbisbisbis da~: `da zmniswinis xma-rebasTan xSirad dakavSirebulia iseTi moqmedeba, romelic Sesru-lebulia pirdapir obieqtze cal-calke~ (SaniZe 1973, gv. 255). e. i. sami termini enacvleba erTmaneTs: inininintentententensisisisioooobisbisbisbis, , , , rigrigrigrigririririgogogogobisbisbisbis, , , , TiTiTiTiToToToTo----


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oooobisbisbisbis.... cxadia, cnebis SinaarsTan mimarTebiT marJve es ukanaskneli termini ufroa. msgavsi magaliTebis moZieba sxvac SeiZleba. 1930 da 1953 wlebis gramatikebis Sedareba gviCvenebs, rogor icvleba ter-minologia: vnebiTi _ viTarebiTi (brunva), arsobiTi _ arsebiTi (saxeli), klasi _ tipi (brunebis), miTiTebiTi _ CvenebiTi (zmnize-da), litoni _ martivi (fuZe), pirieli _ piriani (forma), zmulo-ba _ moqmedeba da sxva. aris SemTxvevebi, roca qarTuli ucxouriT Caanacvla: mdinareobiTi _ dinamikuri (vnebiTi), mdgomareobiTi _ statikuri (vnebiTi), gza _ kontaqti...

1915 wlis gamokvlevaSi naxmaria termini nanananacvalcvalcvalcvalsasasasaxexexexelililili. 1930 wlis gramatikaSi piris nacvalsaxeli pirpirpirpirTa saTa saTa saTa saxexexexeliTliTliTliT mo-

ixsenieba; 1942 wlis gamocemaSi iKenebs terminis sasasasaxelxelxelxelTnacTnacTnacTnacvavavavalililili, xolo 1953 wels kvlav ubrundeba termins nanananacvalcvalcvalcvalsasasasaxexexexelililili. es kargi magaliTia imisa, Tu ras isaxavs miznad terminologiuri Zieba _ mTavaria sizuste, moxerxebuloba da ara axirebuli TviTmizani ori-ginalurobisa...

`qarTuli enis gramatikis safuZvlebs~ erTvis terminTa saZie-beli, sadac 700-mde terminia warmodgenili. faqtia, rom aq aris erTi nawili tradiciuli saerTaSoriso terminologia, meore nawi-li _ qarTuli tradiciuli terminebi da mesame nawili _ akaki Sa-niZis mier SemoGebuli terminebi. ra SemTxvevaSi iGebs tradiciul ucxour Tu qarTul terminebs da ra SemTxvevaSi qmnis axals, saZie-belia. dasazustebelia da gasarkvevi a. SaniZis mier gamoKenebuli tradiciuli terminis Sinaarsobrivi mimarTeba. TiTqmis Kvela es termini rom dGes damkvidrebulia qarTul sanaTmecniero litera-turaSi, ganpirobebulia im faqtiT, rom a. SaniZis saxelmZGvaneloe-bi skolaSi erTaderTia 30-iani wlebidan moKolebuli (Zveli qar-Tuli ena da literatura gamodis 1934 wlidan; qarTuli enis gra-matika, fonetika, morfologia, sintaqsi. saxelmZGvanelo V-VII klase-bisaTvis, I gamocema _ 1939 w.; 1948 wlidan (IV gamocema) gamodis or wignad _ fonetika-morfologia da sintaqsi); aseve umaGles skolebSi faqtobriv morfologiis erTaderTi saxelmZGvanelo iKo 1930 wlis `gramatika~ da Semdgom `gramatikis safuZvlebi~, da mis safuZvelze gakeTebuli gamocemebi 1955 da 1962 wlebisa.

cxadia, gzadagza araerT avtorTan iKo mcdeloba axali termi-nis SemoGebisa, anda arsebuli terminis Secvlisa, Tumca faqtobriv ver moxerxda am terminTa saKovelTaod damkvidreba.

erTi magaliTi _ mwkrimwkrimwkrimwkrivisvisvisvis mniSvnelobiT nanananakvTiskvTiskvTiskvTis SemoGebis mcdelobisa _ zemoT moviKvaneT.


sxvac aris msgavsi SemTxveva da bevri maTgani _ udavod sain-tereso. vTqvaT, qcevis SemTxvevaSi: arn. Ciqobava Tvlis, rom cnebas-Tan Sesabamisobis TvalsazrisiT ufro marTebuli iqneba vixmaroT terminebi sasasasasusususubibibibieqeqeqeqtotototo (= saTaviso) da sasasasaoooobibibibiqeqeqeqetotototo (= sasxviso). mwkrivis saxelebi: namKonamKonamKonamKo ZiZiZiZiririririTaTaTaTadidididi an namKonamKonamKonamKo srusrusrusrulililili, namKonamKonamKonamKo ususususrurururulililili, SeSeSeSededededegobgobgobgobririririvivivivi an rerererezulzulzulzultatatatatitititivivivivi da sxva... cxadia, Kovel aseT SemoTa-vazebas aqvs obieqturi safuZveli, magram akaki SaniZis mier damkvid-rebul terminebs konkurencias ver uwevs (mizezebi zemoT vTqviT).

meoce saukuneSi qarTuli saenaTmecniero terminologiis

CamoKalibeba-ganviTarebaze roca vsaubrobT, gverds ver avuvliT gi-orgi axvledianis damsaxurebas zogadi enaTmecnierebisa da foneti-kis terminologiis Seqmna-damuSavebaSi. davasaxelebT ramdenime fun-damentalur naSroms; qarTul enaze gamocemuli faqtobriv pirveli saxelmZGvaneloebi zogadi enaTmecnierebisa da zogadi Tu kerZo fonetikis dargSi:

1918 wels gamoica sami nakveTi ènaTmecnierebis Sesavali~; gamocema ganmeorda 1927 wels.

1930 wels gamoica _ `fonetika. I. sametKvelo bgera da wera~ (konspeqti);

1932 wels arn. Ciqobavas TanaavtorobiT gamoica saxelmZGvane-lo ènaTmecnierebis propedevtika da zogadi fonetika~;

gansakuTrebuli Girebulebisa iKo 1938 wels gamocemuli `zogadi da qarTuli enis fonetikis sakiTxebi~; romlis safuZvel-zec 1949 wels gamoica fundamenturi monografia `zogadi foneti-kis safuZvlebi~; romlis meore gamocema gamovida 1966 wels saTau-riT `zogadi fonetikis Sesavali~... faqtobriv, TiTqmis naxevari sa-ukunis manZilze qarTuli umaGlesi saswavleblebisaTvis g. axvledi-anis es wignebi iKo ZiriTadi saxelmZGvaneloebi da rogorc grama-tikis sferoSi a. SaniZis saxelmZGvaneloebi, ise fonetikis dargSi g. axvledianis dasaxelebuli (da ara mxolod eseni) naSromebi gan-sazGvraven am dargis ganviTarebas saqarTveloSi.

sagangebod gvinda jurnal `Cveni mecnierebis~ 1923 wlis meore da mesame nomrebSi gamoqveKnebuli `saenaTmecniero terminologia~. es terminologia ganxiluli da miGebuli iKo Cven mier zemoT ukve xsenebul saqarTvelos saxelmwifo samecniero sabyos mier; daibeyda am sabyos wevris g. axvledianis redaqciiT. swored es masalebi dae-do safuZvlad 1928 wels gamocemul `literaturisa da enaTmecnie-rebis terminologias~ (rusul-qarTuli da qarTul-rusuli). TiTo-


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eul nawilSi 1500-mde terminia mocemuli. cxadia, es ar aris mxo-lod enaTmecnieruli, aris literaturisac, Tumca zogJer ar imiJ-neba (stili, silistika, saxe, forma...), amitom calke enaTmecnieru-lis gamoKofa ar xerxdeba. wignaks aweria: `vamtkiceb. s.s.r. cakTan arsebuli mTavari saterminologio komitetis TavmJdomare f. maxa-raZe~. samwuxarod, am saterminologio komitetis muSaobis Sesaxeb masala ver moviZie, magram, rogorc Cans, es komiteti ganixilavda (Tuki formaluri ar iKo amgvari komiteti) saqarTvelos saxelmwifo samecniero sabyos mier SemuSavebul da miGebul terminologiebs...

faqtia, rom terminologiuri muSaoba gasuli saukunis 20-ian wlebSi saxelmwifoebriv doneze iKo aKvanili.

am terminologiuri leqsikonis ganxilva, imdroindeli saenaT-mecniero literaturis gaTvaliswineba saintereso suraTs warmoa-Cens; kerZod SesaZlebloba gveZleva, warmodgena SeviqmnaT imdroin-del terminTSemoqmedebis principebze. vTqviT zemoT (gv. 10), Tu ra ZiriTadi sami principi aiGo safuZvlad. zog moments davazustebT:

winaswar SevniSnavT: Cvens daskvnebs ar axlavs kategoriuloba imis Taobaze, roca vambobT iTargmna, am leqsikonis Sedgenisas Se-srulda es, Tu iKo aseTi termini da moxda misi misadageba rusul terminTan; es xSir SemTxvevaSi momavali kvleva-Ziebis sagania. piro-biToba Cvens msJelobas, cxadia, axlavs. Cven ufro metad principi gvainteresebs, rogorc CvenSi saenaTmecniero terminologiuri muSa-obis erTi etapi.

vvaraudobT, radganac imjamindeli qarTuli saenaTmecniero sazogadoebis warmomadgenlebs ganaTleba ZiriTadad ruseTis umaGles saswavleblebSi hqondaT miGebuli, maTTvis sabazo samecni-ero ena rusuli iKo; amitomac rusuli enidan xdeboda terminebis gadmoGeba; Tumca es met-naklebad pirobiTia: ucxouri enebi (da maT Soris laTinur-berZnuli) maTTvis aseve xelmisawvdomia. Cven mainc visaubrebT qarTul da rusul terminTa Sesabamisobaze.

a) rusul enaSi gamoKenebuli ucxouri terminebi orgvarad gadmodis qarTulSi: ucxouri saxiTac da qarTuli TargmniTac:

Аккомодация _ akomodacia, Segueba Артикулация _ artikulacia, bgeraTwarmoeba Ассимилация _ asimilacia, damsgavseba Аугмент _ augmenti, namati Аффикс _ afiqsi, sarTi Преффикс _ prefiqsi, TavsarTi Суффикс _ sufiqsi, bolosarTi


Tumca qarTulma variantma fexi ver moikida: Аналогия _ analogia, Tanagvaroba Трифтонг _ samxmovana, trifTongi Дифтонг _ orxmovana, difTongi. Евфемизм _ krZalulsitKvaoba, evfemizmi... aris SemTxvevebi, roca termini rCeba ucxouri, magram qarTu-

li gaformebiT: Жестикуляция _ jestikulacia, jestikuloba. Tumca aseTi warmoeba xelovnur elfers atarebs da ar mkvid-

rdeba. iKo SemTxvevebi, roca ucxouri terminis Targmna, ufro swo-

rad, Zveli terminiT Canacvleba moisurves, magram ar damkvidrda: geminacia _ mrCobloba geminanti _ mrCobeli Tanxmovani... kauzativi _ mizezobrivi... ucxouri terminis gadmoGeba xdeba ori variantiT _ Атрибутивный _ atributuli, saatributo; rogorc Cans, saterminologio komisia aseT SemTxvevaSi arCeva-

nis winaSe aKenebs momxmarebels da drois imedzea... aris SemTxvevebi, roca ucxour termins rusuli sinonimuri

varianti aqvs, qarTulSi ucxouri varianti gadmoaqvT: Аспирация, Придыхание _ aspiracia ucxouri (igulisxmeba berZnul-laTinuri warmomavlobis)

terminebi ZiriTadad gadmoaqvT ucxouradve, Tumca umetes SemTxve-vaSi qarTul SesatKvissac miuweren:

analogia, Tanagvaroba artikulacia, bgeraTwarmoeba. Cveulebriv aseT SemTxvevaSi mkvidrdeba ucxouri, Tumca aris

sapirispiro SemTxvevebic: Адвербиальный, Отглагольный _ adverbali, zmnismieri, nazmnari Адноминальный, Отыменный _ adnominali, saxelismieri, nasaxe-

lari... mkvidrdeba qarTuli termini. aris SemTxvevebi, roca erTaderT variantad gvTavazoben ucxo-

ur termins: hipotaqsi, parataqsi, grafema, fonema, fonetika, formanti... roca rusulSi gvaqvs paraleluri variantebi _ ucxouri da

rusuli, qarTulSic analogiuri viTarebaa:


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Манускрипт, рукопись _ manuskripti, xelTnaweri Орфография, правописание _ orTografia, marTlwera (gavixse-

noT antonTan iKo terminebi _ wesierwera da marTlubnoba) Алфавит, азбука _ alfabeti, anbani... aris SemTxvevebi, roca rusulSi paraleluri variantebia _

ucxouri da rusuli, qarTulSi erTaderTi SesatKvisi aqvs: Нарратив, Повествовательный падеж _ moTxrobiTi brunva. aseTi SemTxvevebicaa, roca ucxours rusuli ori varianti Se-

esabameba, qarTulSi gvaqvs ori _ ucxouri da qarTuli: Лингвистика, языковедение, языкознание _ lingvistika, enaTmec-

niereba. ZiriTadia qarTuli, Tumca 50-iani wlebidan gaaqtiureba xde-

ba ucxouri terminisa _ struqturalizmis SemosvlasTan dakavSire-biT _ lingvistika ZiriTadad struqturalizms daukavSirda.

aris SemTxveva, roca qarTulad gadmoaqvT ucxouric, iZebneba

ramdenime qarTuli SesatKvisic, maT Soris tradiciulic: Артикл, Член _ artikli, nawevari, wilaki, arTroni. Tumca aseTi SemTxveva iSviaTia (oTxi varianti!). aris SemTxvevebi rusuli terminebis orgvari Targmanisa: Придаточное предложение _ Tanawinadadeba, damokidebuli wina-

dadeba Произношение _ warmoTqma, gamoTqma Словоизменение _ sitKvaTcvaleba, sitKvaTcvla Сложное слово _ sitKvarTuli, rTuli sitKva Описательный _ aGweriTi, aGwerilobiTi. mogexsenebaT, sinonimuri variantebi terminologiaSi naklebad-

sagulisxmo ambavia, magram terminologiuri komisia, rogorc Cans, angariSs uwevs imas, es terminebi imjamad mkvidrdeba da roca ar aris mKari argumentebi variantTagan erT-erTis sasargeblod, sTava-zoben orive variants. esec saintereso principuli midgomaa.

Cveulebriv erTi qarTuli variantiT xdeba gadmoGeba: Безличный глагол _ upiro zmna Словообразование _ sitKvaTwarmoeba Ударение _ maxvili Частица _ nawilaki


aris SemTxvevebi, roca erTi da imave rusuli sitKvis Se-satKvisad qarTulSi sxvadasxva sitKva gamoiKena

Косвенный вопрос _ arapirdapiri kiTxva Косвенный падеж _ araswori brunva, Tumca mogvianebiT oriv SemTxvevisaTvis sxva sitKva moiZebna _

iribi. rogorc vxedavT, XX saukunis 20-ian wlebSi terminologiuri

muSaoba enaTmecnierebis sferoSi mKar mecnierul safuZvelze idga. rac mTavaria, es muSaoba iKo intensiuri da Sedegebis (am SemTxveva-Si SemuSavebuli terminebis) danergva _ xdeboda ganuxrelad. ten-dencia aSkara iKo: erov erov erov erovnunununuli meli meli meli mecnicnicnicnieeeerererereba unba unba unba unda Kofida Kofida Kofida KofiliKo mkliKo mkliKo mkliKo mkvidvidvidvidri ri ri ri nanananawiwiwiwili sali sali sali saererererTaTaTaTaSoSoSoSoririririso meso meso meso mecnicnicnicnieeeererererebibibibisasasasa, amitomac faqizad ekidebodnen saerTaSoriso terminebis danergvas, sakuTriv qarTuli terminebis SemuSavebisas. amis konkretuli magaliTi iKo swored XX saukunis qarTvel enaTmecnierTa moGvaweoba.

XX saukunis 50-iani wlebidan CvenSi fexi moikida struqtu-rulma enaTmecnierebam, romelmac, cxadia, siaxlec mravlad Semo-gvTavaza. am TvalsazrisiT ganuzomelia g. mayavarianisa da T. gamKreliZis damoukidebeli (gamKreliZe 1959; mayavariani 1965) Tu erToblivi (gamKreliZe, mayavariani, 1965) naSromebi. swored am ukanasknelis Sesaxeb iTqva: ès aris pirveli naSromi qarTveluri enaTmecnierebis dargidan, dawerili enobrivi analizis struqturu-li meTodebis Tanmimdevruli gamoKenebiT da amdenad _ SesatKvisi lingvisturi mecnierebis ganviTarebis Tanamedrove donisa~ (wereTe-li 1965, gv. 029). am naSromma Seasrula udidesi roli qarTuli enaTmecnierebis Semdgom ganviTarebaSi; Seiqmna mZlavri skola struqturuli lingvistikisa. faqtia, axali samecniero terminolo-gia swored rom Girseuli gagrZeleba iKo tradiciisa. es sakiTxic sagangebo dakvirvebas imsaxurebs.

qarTul enaTmecnierebaSi am etapis saintereso terminologi-ur Ziebad gvesaxeba 1974 wels dastambuli b. qobalavas naSromi `ma-salebi glosematikur terminTa leqsikonisaTvis~ (qobalava 1974). samarTliania avtoris SeniSvna: `sxvadasxva lingvisturi mimdinareo-bebis, skolebis arsebobiT ganpirobebulia specifikuri cnebebisa da Sesabamisi terminebis didi mravalferovneba. amitom TandaTan sul ufro da ufro mwvaved igrZnoba lingvistur terminTa leqsikone-bis sayiroeba~ (qobalava 1974, gv. 104). glosematikuri Teoriis Se-swavla da, miT umetes, am Teoriis mixedviT kvleva-Zieba SeuZlebeli


97

iKo amgvari terminologiuri leqsikonis uqonlobis gamo. avtori imasac miuTiTebs, rom `glosematikis terminologia sakmaod rTu-lia. aq lingvistikaSi saKovelTaod gavrcelebuli terminebis gver-diT, romlebic gamoKenebulia maTi Cveulebrivi mniSvnelobiT (mag.: ablauti, marTva, neqsusi da misT.), gvaqvs specifikuri terminolo-gia. masSi Sedis rogorc enaTmecnierebaSi ukve arsebuli, magram sa-kuTriv glosematikuri mniSvnelobiT gamoKenebuli terminebi (mag., teqsti, ena, relacia, funqcia da misT.), ise sruliad axali termi-nebic (mag., glosema, kenemati da misT.). Cven SevecadeT SeZlebisa-mebr srulad warmogvedgina swored specifikuri glosematikuri terminebi~ (qobalava 1974, gv. 105).

am leqsikonSi sainteresod gveCveneba isic, rom TiToeul ter-minTan miTiTebulia misi daniuri (mogexsenebaT, glosematika miCneu-lia kopenhagenis lingvisturi skolis Teoriad), franguli, ingli-suri, germanuli da rusuli SesatKvisobebi.

sainteresoa is principi, romliTac avtori xelmZGvanelobda glosemitikuri terminebisaTvis qarTuli SesatKvisebis SerCevisas (faqtobriv, es aris tradiciuli midgoma terminologiisadmi):

`1. ucvlelad iqna datovebuli Zv. berZnulis safuZvelze Seq-mnili sakuTriv glosematikuri terminebi (mag., gloglogloglosesesesemamamama, pleplepleplererereremamamama da misT.). Cven SevecadeT mxolod dagvecva berZnuli sitKvebis qar-Tulad gadmocemis tradicia (amitomac berZnulisagan nawarmoebi terminebi gadmocemulia rogorc kekekekenenenenemamamama, , , , kekekekeni ni ni ni da a. S. da ara ro-gorc sesesesenenenenemamamama, , , , seseseseni ni ni ni da a. S.), an aGgvedgina berZnuli forma (fr. lexic _ qarT. leqleqleqleqsisisisisisisisi). aseve ucvlelad iqna datovebuli mravali ucxo-uri, magram qarTul saenaTmecniero an saerTod qarTul samecniero literaturaSi gamoKenebuli terminebi (kakakakatatatatalilililizizizizi, , , , seseseseleqleqleqleqcia cia cia cia da misT.).

2. iseTi SemTxvevebisaTvis, rodesac qarTulSi saTanado ucxo-uri termini ar damkvidrebula, leqsikonSi warmodgenilia an ubra-lod misi Targmani (dan. plan, fr. phlan, ingl. plane, germ. Plan, rus. план _ qarT. sibrtKesibrtKesibrtKesibrtKe) an qarTulis niadagze Seqmnili Sesabamisi terminebi (fr. hétéroplane _ germ. heteroplane _ qarT. nanananairiririrsibrtKivisibrtKivisibrtKivisibrtKivi; dan. konstellation, fr. constellation, ingl. constellation, rus. констелляция _ qarT. Tav Tav Tav Tavsesesesebabababadodododobabababa) (qobalava 1974, gv. 107).

vimeorebT, es aris kargi magaliTi imisa, Tu rorororogor ungor ungor ungor unda moda moda moda mo----xdes traxdes traxdes traxdes tradidididicicicicieeeebis gabis gabis gabis gagrZegrZegrZegrZeleleleleba terba terba terba termimimiminonononolololologigigigiur saur saur saur saqmiqmiqmiqmiaaaanonononobabababaSiSiSiSi. am principebiT aris SemuSavebuli da dadgenili 306 termini. magram, samwuxarod, es tradicia TiTqosda ikargeba.


gasuli saukunis 90-iani wlebidan moKolebuli, gansakuTrebiT bobobobolo aTlo aTlo aTlo aTwlewlewlewleululululSiSiSiSi, , , , srusrusrusrulilililiad ukonad ukonad ukonad ukontrotrotrotrolo galo galo galo gaxda saxda saxda saxda saeeeenaTnaTnaTnaTmecmecmecmecninininieeeero ro ro ro tertertertermimimiminonononolololologigigigiasasasasTan daTan daTan daTan damomomomokikikikidedededebubububulelelelebabababa. enaTmecnierebis axali darge-bis ganviTarebam enaTa struqturuli tipologia da enobrivi uni-versaliebi, teqstis lingvistika, sociolingvistika, kognituri lin-gvistika, fsiqolingvistika, biolingvistika (gamKreliZe, 2003, gv. 399-487) _ sakmaod rTuli problemebi Segviqmna terminologiuri TvalsazrisiT. amas ramdenime piroba aqvs:

a) 90-ian wlebamde savaldebulo iKo, nebismieri terminologi-uri leqsikoni enaTmecnierebis institutis dasturiT gamocemu-liKo. gamomcemlobas ar hqonda ufleba, daestamba terminologiuri leqsikoni amgvari gzis gavlis gareSe;

b) arsebobda qarTuli saliteraturo enis normaTa damdgeni komisia, romelic aseve normatuli xasiaTis enobrivi aqtebis gamo-cemas aqcevda KuradGebas. 90-ian wlebSi saqarTvelos prezidentTan Seiqmna qarTuli enis saxelmwifo komisia, romelsac unda daeregu-lirebina normirebasTan dakavSirebuli enobrivi problemebi, magram am komisiam ver imuSava da dGes aGarc moqmedebs...

Kovelive es qmnis safuZvels terminologiuri qaosisaTvis. imisdamixedviT, Tu romeli enebis Sesaxeb aris saubari, romeli eni-dan moixmobs masalas, romeli enidan imowmebs literaturas, termi-nebic individualuri wesiT gadmoaqvT. ar xdeba terminTa ganmarte-ba, axsna... zogJer erTi da imave cnebis aGsaniSnavad sxvadasxva ter-mini iqna gamoKenebuli anda erTi da imave terminis sxvadasxva for-ma (diskursi, disqorsi...)...

2003 wels gamoica akad. T. gamKreliZis redaqciiT `Teoriuli enaTmecnierebis kursi~ (gamKreliZe 2003), romelsac erTvis sagnob-rivi saZieblebi. SeiZleba iTqvas, rom es aris sitKvani lingvisturi terminologiuri leqsikonisaTvis. vfiqrobT, es SesaZlebloba unda iqnes gamoKenebuli... winaaGmdeg SemTxvevaSi Seqmnili qaosuri mdgo-mareobidan gamosvla ver moxdeba. Tu ramdenad rTulia viTareba da problemebis winaSe dgeba mkiTxveli, Zneli warmosadgeni ar iqneba, Tu ramdenime magaliTs moviKvanT Tanamedrove lingvisturi naSrome-bidan: `moqmedebis saxeobis aGmniSvneli zmnebis (Artionsart) gaerTia-nebam maTi semantikis mixedviT mogvca sxva Jgufi. isini gamoxataven:

1. interatulobas (interative verben) _ ganmeorebad moqmedebas 2. mutatiurobas (mutative verben) _ moqmedebis Secvlas 3. ingresiulobas (ingressive verben) _ moqmedebis fazas 4. duratulobas (darative verben) _ gangrZobiTobas


99

5. egresiulobas (egrassive verben) _ moqmedebis dasrulebulobas 6. ornatiulobas (orative verben) _ ramiT ramis aGyurvas 7. inxoaturobas (inchoative verben) _ mdgomareobis Secvlas 8. atenatiurobas (atenative verben) _ moqmedebis fazebis aGniS-

nvnas~ (bolqvaZe 2005, gv. 58). am SemTxvevaSi sagulisxmo ram aris: ramdenad zustia da swo-

ri qarTuli gamoxatuleba terminisa. mag.: adre iKo gamoKenebuli termini didididiuuuurarararatitititiuuuulililili, gvTavazoben dudududurarararatutututulolololobasbasbasbas; mniSvneloba identuria (gangrZnobiTi), miT umetes, diuratiuli ar damkvidrda misi qarTuli SesatKvisis wKalobiT. anda, gvTavazoben ininininxvaxvaxvaxvativstivstivstivs, iKo adre termini ininininxoxoxoxoaaaatitititivi vi vi vi da misTanani. Tu qarTuli ganmartebe-bi zustia, maSin sayiro iKo Tu ara ucxouri terminis gadmotana da misTanani.

sxva magaliTi: `naSromis mecnieruli siaxlea: 1. inferencisa, rogorc teq-

stis daxurulobasa da Giaobaze dafuZnebuli kognituri procesis kvleva; 2. inferencis, rogorc koherencis erT-erTi gamovlinebis kvleva. implicituri kadaforis gamovlena~...

`naSromi asaxavs teqstis ontiur Tvisebebs~. `referencia _ koheziisa da koherencis arsebobis fundamenti...~ (SaraSeniZe 2006).

anda: `maSasadame, adamianis kognitur-emociuri fsiqosomaturi

mdgomareobis fenomenologiuri eideturi deskrifcia, misi onto-logiis aGwera ganapirobebs adamianis qcevis ganmsazGvrel proto-tipul modelebs (freimebs)~... (sioriZe 2005, gv. 212).

erTi magaliTic: `mTlian teqstSi puantirebis simZime gadata-nilia grafemebze, kerZod maiuskuliT Cawerili koneqtori `rom~, erTi mxriv, teqstis delimitacias axdens; meore mxriv, is danarCen or koneqtorTan erTad teqstis koherentulobas ganapirobebs... da-saxelebuli koneqtoris maiuskuliT gaformebam, bunebrivia, orTog-rafiuli cvlileba ganapiroba; minuskuli `K~ Secvala `S~ maius-kulma~ (qimeriZe 2003, gv. 8).~

msgavsi magaliTebis moKvana SeiZleba gagrZeldes. Cven xelTa gvaqvs bolo aTwleulSi daculi 100-ze meti disertaciis avtore-ferati, samecniero gamocemebis ènaTmecnierebis sakiTxebisa~ nomre-bi da `saenTamecniero Ziebanis~ oci tomi. suraTi namdvilad KuradGebamisaqcevia. iSviaTia SemTxveva terminologiuri kvleva-Zie-bisa am mxriv. Cven gvesmis, rom Tanamderove enaTmecnierebas aqvs Ta-


visi moTxovnebi, magram aseTive moTxovnebi hqonda Tavis droze ne-bismieri epoqis Tanamedrove mecnierebas. xdeboda am moTxovnaTa ga-Tvaliswinebac da qarTuli interesebis dacvac. amis Taobaze zeviT visaubreT.

naklebad (an ar) xdeba tradiciis gaTvaliswineba. Tumca amis sasikeTo magaliTebi dGesacaa _ zemodasaxelebuli `Teoriul enaT-mecnierebis kursi~. cnobilia, rom bgeris warmoqmnis sami fazis aGmniSvneli terminebi qarTuli iqna SemoGebuli da damkvidrebuli, Tumca laTinuric gamoiKeneba: eqskursia _ SemarTva, rekursia _ damarTva da daKovneba. sayiroebam moiTxova da konkretulad xSul-Ta mimarT _xSulTa SemarTvis, xSvis, daKovnebisa da ganxSvis aGmniSvnelad franguli warmoSobis terminebi gadmoitanes: implo-zia, okluzia da eqsplozia (gamKreliZe 2003, gv. 85). amave sa-xelmZGvaneloSi aris araerTi saintereso magaliTi terminTSemoqme-debisa: SeSeSeSewovwovwovwovninininiTi xSuTi xSuTi xSuTi xSulililili, wklawklawklawklapupupupunananana bgerebi (inglisuri clicks-is Se-sabamisi) (gamKreliZe, 2003, gv. 84).

ase rom, aTeuli wlebiT (SeiZleba iTqvas, saukuneobiT) gan-

mtkicebuli tratratratradidididiciaciaciacia saenTamecniero terminologiis gaqarTulebi-sa SeSeSeSebrubrubrubrunenenenebulbulbulbul xaxaxaxasisisisiaTsaTsaTsaTs iGebsiGebsiGebsiGebs. qarTuli enaTmecnierebis ganviTare-bisa da winsvlis erT-erTi piroba qarTuli terminologiis erovnu-li tradiciebis SenarCuneba da ganviTarebacaa.

lilililiteteteterarararatutututurararara abuabuabuabulalalalaZe Ze Ze Ze 1940194019401940 _ i. abulaZe, qarTuli gramatikuli literatu-

ris adrindeli Zeglebi I. z. SanSovani; sax. muz. moambe, X, 1940. abuabuabuabulalalalaZe Ze Ze Ze 1111964964964964 _ i. abulaZe, uZvelesi redaqciebi basili kesa-

rielis èqusTa dGeTa�sa~ da gr. noselis Targmanebisa `kacisa age-bulebisaT‚s~, gamosca, gamokvleva da leqsikoni daurTo i. abulaZem, 1964.

anananantotototoni ni ni ni 1997 1997 1997 1997 _ anton pirveli (bagrationi), qarTuli grama-tika, 1997.

bebebebeririririZe Ze Ze Ze 1952 1952 1952 1952 _ v. beriZe, `mecniereba da teqnika~, 1952. vimow-mebT r. GambaSiZis wignidan (ix. GambaSiZe, 1986).

bolbolbolbolqvaqvaqvaqvaZe Ze Ze Ze 2005 2005 2005 2005 _ m. bolqvaZe, zmnis universaluri da specifi-kuri Taviseburebebi germanulsa da qarTul enaSi: saenaTmecniero Ziebani, XIX, 2005.


101

gamKregamKregamKregamKrelilililiZe Ze Ze Ze 1959 1959 1959 1959 _ T. gamKreliZe, sibilantTa SesatKvisobani da qarTvelur enaTa uZvelesi struqturis zogierTi sakiTxi, 1959.

gamKregamKregamKregamKrelilililiZe Ze Ze Ze 2003 2003 2003 2003 _ T. gamKreliZe, z. kiknaZe, l. Saduri, n. Sengelaia, Teoriuli enaTmecnierebis kursi, 2003.

gamKregamKregamKregamKrelilililiZeZeZeZe, , , , mamamamayayayayavavavavaririririaaaani ni ni ni 1965 1965 1965 1965 _ T. gamKreliZe, g. mayavariani, sonantTa sistema da ablauti qarTvelur enebSi, 1965.

`̀̀̀drodrodrodroeeeebabababa~ ~ ~ ~ _ gazeTi `droeba~. TavTavTavTavziSziSziSziSvivivivili li li li 1938 1938 1938 1938 _ g. TavziSvili, umaGlesi ganaTlebis is-

toriisaTvis saqarTveloSi, nak. I, 1938. ioriorioriordadadadaniSniSniSniSvivivivili li li li 1968 1968 1968 1968 _ l. iordaniSvili, rafiel erisTavis

terminologiuri Sromebi: ike, XVI, 1968. kakakakaririririyaSyaSyaSyaSvivivivili li li li 1930 1930 1930 1930 _ d. kariyaSvili, qarTuli enis gramatika,

etimologia, 1930. kakakakaxaxaxaxaZe Ze Ze Ze 1947 1947 1947 1947 _ m. kaxaZe, basili didi _ equsTa dGeTa�, teqsti

gamosca, gamokvleva da leqsikoni daurTo m. kaxaZem, 1947. mamamamayayayayavavavavaririririaaaani ni ni ni 1965 1965 1965 1965 _ g. mayavariani, saerToqarTveluri konso-

nanturi sistemebi, 1965. memememelilililiqiSqiSqiSqiSvivivivili li li li 1975 1975 1975 1975 _ d. meliqiSvili, ioane petriwis filo-

sofiur SromaTa ena da stili, 1975. rarararafafafafava va va va 1983 1983 1983 1983 _ m. rafava, amonios ermiaCis Txzulebebi qar-

Tul mwerlobaSi. teqsti gamosacemad moamzades m. keyaKmaZem da m. rafavam; gamokvleva, leqsikoni da saZieblebi daurTo m. rafavam, 1983.

sasasasarJverJverJverJvelalalalaZe Ze Ze Ze 1984 1984 1984 1984 _ z. sarJvelaZe, qarTuli saliteraturo enis istoriis Sesavali, 1984.

sisisisiooooririririZe Ze Ze Ze 2005 2005 2005 2005 _ m. sioriZe, adamianis kognitur-emociuri fsi-qologiuri mdgomareobis fenomenologiuri eideturi deskrifcia: saenaTmecniero Ziebani, XIX, 2005.

fofofofocxiScxiScxiScxiSvivivivili li li li 1995 1995 1995 1995 _ a. focxiSvili, qarTuli enaTmecnierebis istoria, 1995.

qarTqarTqarTqarT. . . . encencencenc. . . . 3 3 3 3 _ qarTuli sabyoTa enciklopedia, t. III, 1978. qaqaqaqarorororosasasasaninininiZe Ze Ze Ze 2006 2006 2006 2006 _ l. qarosaniZe, narkvevebi Zveli qarTuli

gramatikul terminTa istoriaSi, 2006. qiqiqiqimemememeririririZeZeZeZe 2003 2003 2003 2003 _ n. qimeriZe, gramatikul-grafikulad puanti-

rebuli teqstebis lingvisturi interpretacia, 2003. qurqurqurqurcicicicikikikikiZe Ze Ze Ze 1983 1983 1983 1983 _ c. qurcikiZe, basili kesarielis `swavlaTa~

efTvime aToneliseuli Targmani, gamosacemad moamzada, gamokvleva da leqsikoni daurTo c. qurcikiZem, 1983.


GamGamGamGambabababaSiSiSiSiZe Ze Ze Ze 1986 1986 1986 1986 _ r. GambaSiZe, qarTuli samecniero termino-logia da misi Sedgenis ZiriTadi principebi, 1986.

KauxKauxKauxKauxCiSCiSCiSCiSvivivivili li li li 1940 1940 1940 1940 _ s. KauxCiSvili, ioane petriwis ena, ioane petriwis wKaroebi: i. petriwis Sromebi, teqsti gamosca, gamokvleva da leqsikoni daurTo s. KauxCiSvilma, 1940.

SaSaSaSalamlamlamlambebebebeririririZe Ze Ze Ze 1966 1966 1966 1966 _ g. SalamberiZe, ilia yavyavaZis ena, 1966. SaSaSaSaninininiZe Ze Ze Ze 1920 1920 1920 1920 _ a. SaniZe, subieqturi prefiqsi meore pirisa da

obieqturi prefiqsi mesame pirisa qarTul zmnaSi, 1920. SaSaSaSaninininiZe Ze Ze Ze 1930 1930 1930 1930 _ a. SaniZe, qarTuli enis gramatika, 1930. SaSaSaSaninininiZe Ze Ze Ze 1941 1941 1941 1941 _ А. Шанидзе, Категория ряда в глаголах: enimkis

moambe, X, 1941. SaSaSaSaninininiZe Ze Ze Ze 1942 1942 1942 1942 _ a. SaniZe, qarTuli gramatikis safuZvlebi, na-

kveTi I, 1942. SaSaSaSaninininiZe Ze Ze Ze 1943 1943 1943 1943 _ a. SaniZe, qarTuli gramatikis safuZvlebi, na-

kveTi II, 1943. SaSaSaSaninininiZe Ze Ze Ze 1953 1953 1953 1953 _ a. SaniZe, qarTuli gramatikis safuZvlebi,

1953. SaSaSaSaninininiZe Ze Ze Ze 1111955 955 955 955 _ a. SaniZe, qarTuli enis gramatika, 1955. SaSaSaSaninininiZe Ze Ze Ze 1962 1962 1962 1962 _ a. SaniZe, qarTuli enis gramatika, 1962. SaSaSaSaninininiZe Ze Ze Ze 1973 1973 1973 1973 _ a. SaniZe, qarTuli gramatikis safuZvlebi,

1973. SaSaSaSaninininiZe Ze Ze Ze 1981 1981 1981 1981 _ a. SaniZe, Txzulebebi, t. II, 1981. mmmm. . . . SaSaSaSannnniiiiZe Ze Ze Ze 1990 1990 1990 1990 _ m. SaniZe, sitKua� arTronTaT‚s _ Zveli qar-

Tuli gramatikuli traqtati, 1990. `̀̀̀SroSroSroSromamamama~ ~ ~ ~ _ gazeTi `Sroma~. CiCiCiCiqoqoqoqobabababava va va va 1948 1948 1948 1948 _ arn. Ciqobava, ergatiuli konstruqciis prob-

lema iberiul-kavkasiur enebSi, I, Tb., 1948. CiCiCiCiqoqoqoqobabababava va va va 1962 1962 1962 1962 _ arn. Ciqobava, qarTuli zmnis nakvTeulTa da-

Jgufebis principisaTvis: ike, XIII, 1962. CiCiCiCiqoqoqoqobabababava va va va 1965 1965 1965 1965 _ arn. Ciqobava, iberiul-kavkasiur enaTa Seswav-

lis istoria, 1965. ZiZiZiZiZiZiZiZiguguguguri ri ri ri 1963 1963 1963 1963 _ ilia yavyavaZe da qarTuli leqsika: mnaTobi,

# 1, 1963. JaJaJaJavavavavaxiSxiSxiSxiSvivivivili li li li 1971 1971 1971 1971 _ i. JavaxiSvili, brZola saqarTveloSi uni-

versitetis daarsebisaTvis: Tsu Sromebi, B 1(138), 1971. JorJorJorJorbebebebenanananaZeZeZeZe, , , , 1981 1981 1981 1981 _ s. JorbenaZe, cxovreba da Gvawli ivane Java-

xiSvilisa, 1981.


103

Georgi Gogolashvili

Issues of Modern Standard Georgian

2. Formation and Development of Technical Terminology

S u m m a r y The technical terminology of the Georgian language has had an interesting

and age-long history. There has survived the Grammar Treaty of the second half of the 11c; gram-

mar was one of the essential subjects at Gelati Academy (12 c ) Anton Bagrationi ‘s worcs (18c) are of great value.

However, only few grammar works have survived. The coinage of technical terminology was of an intensive character at the be-

ginning of the 20c;: at first at St. Petersburg university in the works of Georgian scholars and later at Tbilisi State University. The role of Akaki Shanidze should be particularly stressed. However, in recent years

there has been a tendency of non- motivated substitution of Georgian terms by foreign ones.This reversed process might bring about undesirable results.


lali ezugbaialali ezugbaialali ezugbaialali ezugbaia

uGlebis paradigmatuli tipebi megrulSi

qarTveluri enebis struqturuli analizis saukunovani isto-ria da calkeul sakiTxebTan dakavSirebuli kvlevis Sedegebi saSua-lebas iZleva kompleqsurad ganvixiloT zmnis gramatikuli katego-riebi uGlebis paradigmatuli tipebis mixedviT.

qarTveluri zmnis uGlebis sistemis kvlevisas problematuria zmnuri gramatikuli kategoriebis kvalifikacia uGlebisa da warmo-qmnis kategoriebad, rac gamowveuli iKo enaSi funqciurisa da struqturulis garCevis aucileblobiT. Tumca es ar ewinaaGmdegeba debulebas, rom Koveli sitKvaforma aris gamoxatulebisa da Sinaar-sis planis erToblioba. amitomac Tanamedrove lingvistikaSi struqturalizmis kvaldakval aqtualuri xdeba funqcionalizmi, romlis erT-erTi postulati ase SeiZleba CamoKalibdes: derivacia da fleqsia ar gamoricxavs erTmaneTs; TiToeuli maTgani sitKvaT-qmnadobis kontiniumis ori sxvadasxva mxarea.

cxadia, zmnis piriani formis analizi unda emKarebodes ro-gorc struqturas, aseve morfemaTa funqciasac, rac gramatikuli kategoriebis arss gansazGvravs. qarTuli zmnis gramatikuli kate-goriebis aqaqaqaqtantantantanturturturtur, , , , atatatatriririribubububutul da kotul da kotul da kotul da koneqneqneqneqturturturtur kategoriebad klasi-fikacia iTvaliswinebs zmnuri paradigmis Koveli sitKvaformis, ro-gorc Sinaarsisa da gamoxatulebis erTobliobis, analizs (uTurga-iZe 2002, gv. 84-89). aqtanturi kategoriebi zmnis pirs ukavSirdeba, xolo aqtantTa funqciebis gansxvavebuli kombinirebiT iqmneba ko-neqturi kategoriebi. Sesabamisad, `mwkrivTa mixedviT zmnuri for-macvalebis tipebis gamoKofisTvis sayiroa ererererTdroTdroTdroTdrouuuulad galad galad galad ganinininisasasasa----zzzzGGGGvrosvrosvrosvros gvaris, qcevisa da kauzaciis saxeebi... zmnis formam rom kon-kretuli saxe miiGos, sayiroa ganisazGvros samive koneqturi kate-goria, kerZod, am kategoriaTa konkretuli saxeobebi mocemul zmna-Si, zmnaTa mocemul tipSi. magaliTad: moqmedebiTi gvari, neitralu-ri qceva, uSualo kauzacia _ es ukve iZleva konkretul formebs,

ÖÙËÄÁÉÓ ÐÀÒÀÃÉÂÌÀÔÖËÉ ÔÉÐÄÁÉ ÌÄÂÒÖËÛÉ

105

rogoricaa: wers, aSenebs, kveTs da a. S. amis SemdegGa SeiZleba TiTo-euli maTganis uGleba mwkrivTa mixedviT~ (uTurgaiZe 2002, gv. 81-82).

zemoTqmulidan gamomdinare, uGlebis paradigmatuli tipebi aerTianeben sami saxis paradigmas: 1. mcimcimcimcire pare pare pare pararararadigdigdigdigmasmasmasmas _ esaa koneq-tur kategoriaTa Kvela saxeobis gaTvaliswinebiT Seqmnili paradig-ma. magaliTad, moqmedebiTi gvaris neitraluri kauzaciis neitralu-ri qceva (aaaa----keTkeTkeTkeT----ebebebeb----ssss tipi) da a. S. 2. diddiddiddid papapapararararadigdigdigdigmasmasmasmas, roca amosava-lia romelime koneqturi kategoria da aerTianebs Kvela danarCens. magaliTad, moqmedebiTi gvaris Kvela im qcevisa da kauzativis for-ma, romelic ki mas gaaCnia, vTqvaT, werwerwerwer----ssss tipis SemTxvevaSi wer-s, i-wer-s, u-wer-s, a-wer-s, a-werin-eb-s formaTa paradigmebi; 3. srulsrulsrulsrul papapapararararadigdigdigdigmasmasmasmas _ is moicavs ama Tu im zmnis Kvela gramatikul formas Se-uzGudavad gvaris, qcevis, kauzaciis konkretul saxeobaTa mixedviT.

srul paradigmebSi mcire da did paradigmaTa gaerTianeba em-Kareba aqtiv-pasivis konversiul mimarTebas. rogorc cnobilia, gva-ris kategoriis mixedviT formaTa warmoebis diaqroniuli ierarqia aseTia: mediumi → aqtivi → pasivi. Sesabamisad, gvaris morfologi-uri kategoria Kalibdeba pasivTa gaCenis Semdeg, rac aris mizezi swored vnevnevnevnebibibibiTisTisTisTis markirebisa. cxadia, aqtivi → pasivi mimarTeba konversiis faqtia da is erTnairad damaxasiaTebelia qarTveluri enebis zmnuri sistemisTvis. amave dros kategoriaTa funqcionireba urTierTSepirobebulia _ xdeba garkveuli daSveba an SezGudva, romelTa ganxilva aucilebelia uGlebis sistemis sruli aGwerisa-Tvis. kerZod, kategoriaTa markerebis, morfemebis zGvarze mimdinare fonologiuri procesebi ganapirobeben morfonologiur variantu-lobas, rac ZiriTadad ori mimarTulebiT aisaxeba: a) fuZis cvla, b) morfemaTa cvla.

megrulSi zmnis aqtiv-pasivis uGlebis paradigmebis Sepirispi-reba gamoavlens kidev erT Taviseburebas. paradigmis (I, II, III seria) farglebSi fuZis an Tematuri niSnis cvla aris Sedegi, erTi mxriv, istoriulad dasrulebuli procesis _ ablautisa, meore mxriv, unifikaciisa. cnobilia, rom megrulSi moqmedebiTi gvaris zmna aw-mKoSi KKKKoooovelvelvelvelTvis daTvis daTvis daTvis dairiririrTavsTavsTavsTavs Temis niSans. esenia: ----anananan, , , , ----enenenen, , , , ----unununun, , , , ----ˆnˆnˆnˆn. maTi warmomavloba sxvadasxva zmnaSi gansxvavebulia (Ciqobava 1936, gv. 131_134; l. nadareiSvili 1964; qiria 2000), rac Tavs iCens ki-dec uGlebis paradigmaSi, kerZod, aqtivis (moqmedebiTis) Turmeobi-TebSi, aseve konversiuli pasivis paradigmasa da masdarebSic. SeiZ-leba iTqvas, rom fuZisa da Temis niSnis ganawileba paradigmebSi dakavSirebulia, erTi mxriv, koneqturi kategoriebis urTierTmimar-

Ë . Ä Æ Ö Â Á À É À 106

TebasTan, meore mxriv, fonologiur procesebTan, rac uflebas gvaZ-levs, visaubroT uuuuGGGGlelelelebis mobis mobis mobis morrrrfofofofononononolololologigigigiur tiur tiur tiur tipebpebpebpebzezezeze. tipebis sa-klasifikacio niSnebia:

a) aqtivis kauzatiuri forma: neitraluri, pirveladi, meore-uli;

b) konversiuli pasivis (vnebiTi) Kalibi: prefiqsuli, sufiqsu-ri, uniSno;

g) fuZis struqtura: gaxmovanebuli, gauxmovanebeli (igulis-xmeba awmKosa da wKvetilis saerTo fuZe);

d) masdaruli fuZis mimarTeba paradigmis fuZesTan; e) Temis niSnis ganawileba aqtiv-pasivis paradigmebs Soris.

1. uGlebis tipebis pirvel Jgufs qmnis moqmedebiTi gvaris ne-itraluri kauzaciis zmnebi. rogorc wesi, esaa xmovani prefiqsis ga-reSe warmodgenili TemisniSniani formebi. am JgufSi gamoiKofa Sem-degi tipebi:

1. 1. gaxmovanebuli fuZe, uTemisniSno prefiqsuli vnebiTi; masdari _ uauauaua daboloebiT, romelSic uuuu elementi masdaris mawarmo-ebeli zanuri modelis naSTad SeiZleba miviCnioT. Sdr.: o-gor-u º gor-u-a. aqtivis paradigmaSi Temis niSani awmKo-mKofadSia warmodge-nili, xolo pasivis paradigmaSi _ arsad.

A: gorgorgorgor-un-s èZebs~ do-gor-u `moZebna~ do-u-gor-u(n) `mouZebnia~ P: i-gorgorgorgor-u(n) ìZebneba~ di-gor-u/ˆ `moiZebna~ do-gor-e(n) `moZebnila~

masdari: gorgorgorgor----uuuu----aaaa 1. 2. gauxmovanebeli fuZis mqone; TemisniSniani prefiqsuli

vnebiTi. vnebiTis Temis niSani warmodgenilia masdarSic da aqtivis TurmeobiTSic.

A: dgdgdgdg----unununun-s `dg-am-s~ do-dg-u `da-dg-a~ do-u-dgdgdgdg----umumumum-u(n) `da-u-dgams~ P: i-dgdgdgdg----umumumum-u(n) ìdgmeba~ di-dg-u/ˆ `daidga~ do-dgdgdgdg----umumumum-e(n) `damdgara~ masdari: dgdgdgdg----umumumum-a `(da)dgma~


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1. 3. gauxmovanebeli fuZe; prefiqsuli TemisniSniani vnebiTi; vnebiTis TurmeobiTSi dasturdeba masdariseuli Temis niSani.

A: zzzz----anananan----s `zels~ do-z-u `(mo)zila~ do-u-z-u(n) `(mo)uzelia~ P: i-zzzz----uuuu----afafafaf-u(n) ìzileba~ di-z-u/ˆ `moizila~ do-zzzz----elelelel-e(n) < *do-zzzz----alalalal-e(n) º do-z-e `mozelila~ masdari: zzzz----alalalal-a `{mo}zela~ 1. 4. am tipSi Semodis zmnebi, romelTa masdari specifikuri

warmoebisaa. kerZod, ----iriririr sufiqsiT nawarmoebi masdarebi, romlebic sakmaod mcirericxovania, Tumca megrulisTvis damaxasiaTebeli da im rigisaa, rogoricaa ----alalalal, , , , ----ulululul, , , , ----inininin, , , , ----onononon sufiqsebiT warmoqmnili e. w. pirveladi masdarebi: ‡id‡id‡id‡id----iriririr----iiii,,,, `Kidva~, kiTxkiTxkiTxkiTx----iriririr----iiii `kiTxva~ Sdr.: firTxfirTxfirTxfirTx----inininin----iiii ùferulad gamoiKureba~, burdburdburdburdGGGG----inininin----iiii `burdGuniT lapa-raki~... aGsaniSnavia, rom -ir sufiqss moqmedebiTi gvaris awmKoSi enacvleba -ul sufiqsi, rac qarTulis gavlena Cans. magaliTad, kiTxkiTxkiTxkiTx----iriririr----iiii awmKoSi warmodgenilia Semdegi saxiT: kiTx kiTx kiTx kiTx----ulululul----enenenen----ssss Sdr. kiTxkiTxkiTxkiTx----ulululul----obobobob----ssss.... amave masdars meore paradigmac eqneba, kerZod, kkkkiTxiTxiTxiTx----enenenen----s s s s `h-kiTx-av-s~ zmnisa. amJerad, am tipSi kiTxkiTxkiTxkiTx----ulululul----enenenen----ssss zmnis para-digma gaerTiandeba.

A: kiTxkiTxkiTxkiTx----ulululul----enenenen-s `kiTxulobs~ qi-kiTx-u/ˆ `waikiTxa~ qo-u----kiTxkiTxkiTxkiTx----iriririr-u(n) `waukiTxavs~ P: i-kiTxkiTxkiTxkiTx----iriririr----uuuu-af-u(n) ìkiTxeba~ qi-kiTxir-u/ˆ `wakiTxul iqna~ gegno-kikikikiTxirTxirTxirTxir----afafafaf-e(n) `(gada)kiTxula~ rogorc vxedavT, aqtivis paradigmaSi erTmaneTs enacvleba sami

fuZe: kkkkiiiiTxulTxulTxulTxul----, , , , kiTxkiTxkiTxkiTx----, , , , kiTxkiTxkiTxkiTx----iriririr----.... pasivSi ki gadadis kikikikiTxirTxirTxirTxir- fuZe, romelic -afafafaf Temis niSniT formdeba, gansxvavebiT aqtivis -enenenen sufi-qsisagan.

1. 5. cnobilia, rom zanurSi masdaris erTi Jgufi asaxavs is-toriuli ablautis Sedegebs. rogorc specialur literaturaSi ara erTgzis aGuniSnavT, ablautis procesi megrulSi imgvarive xa-siaTisaa, rogorc qarTulSi (gamKreliZe, mayavariani 1965). erTi mxriv, aqtivis paradigmaSi warmodgenilia iiii gaxmovanebis fuZe: SqiSqiSqiSqi----ritritritrit-, xolo vnebiTis TurmeobiTsa, masdarsa da mimGeobaSi aaaa gaxmo-vanebis fuZe SqiSqiSqiSqiratratratrat----, meore mxriv, vnebiTis paradigmaSi Tavs iCens

Ë . Ä Æ Ö Â Á À É À 108

reducirebuli fuZe SqirtSqirtSqirtSqirt-: rogorc wesi, Temis niSani aqtivis aw-mKoSi daCndeba.

A: SqiSqiSqiSqiritritritrit-un-s àqrobs~ do-Sqirit-u `Caaqro~ do-u-Sqirit-u(n) `Cauqria~ P: SqirtSqirtSqirtSqirt-u(n) `qreba~ do-Sqirt-u/ˆ `Caqra~ do-SqiSqiSqiSqiratratratrat-e(n) `Camqrala~ masdari: SqiSqiSqiSqiratratratrat-a º SqiSqiSqiSqiratratratrat-ua º SqirtSqirtSqirtSqirt-ua 1. 6. am tipSic gaerTiandeba ablauturi zmnebi, magram sxvaoba

Tavs iCens vnebiTis paradigmaSi. gansxvavebiT wina tipis reducire-buli fuZisa, vnebiTis awmKo-wKvetilSi moqmedebiTis iiii gaxmovanebis fuZes enacvleba oooo gaxmovanebis fuZe. magaliTad, yKvid-un-s `wKvets~, yKord-u(n) `wKdeba~. rogorc Cans oooo < vavavava, xolo rrrr elementi fuZeSi ganviTarebulia. aGsaniSnavia, rom yKvyKvyKvyKvidididid- fuZis paralelurad Tavi-suflad gamoiKeneba yKyKyKyKvadvadvadvad- fuZec Sesabamis mwkrivebSi.

A : yKyKyKyKvidvidvidvid-un-s º yKyKyKyKvadvadvadvad-un-s `wKvets~ go-yKvid-u º go-yKvad-u `gawKvita~ go-u-yKvid-u(n) º go-u-yKvad-u(n) `gauwKvetia~ P : yKo{r}d-u(n) `wKdeba~ go-yKo{r}d-u/ˆ `gawKda~ go-yKvid-e(n) º go-yKvad-e(n) `gawKvetila~ masdari: yKyKyKyKvavavavadadadada º yKyKyKyKvivivividadadada `gawKveta~ yKyKyKyKvavavavaduaduaduadua º yKyKyKyKvivivividuaduaduadua 2. uGlebis paradigmebis meore Jgufs warmoadgens pirveladi

kauzaciis zanuri modeliT gaformebuli zmnebi. kerZod, zmnuri fuZis win dgas oooo xmovanprefiqsi, xolo fuZis momdevnod warmodge-nilia Temis niSnebi: -an/-en/-ˆn/-un.

2. 7. am tipSi gaerTiandeba gauxmovanebeli fuZis mqone moqme-debiTi gvaris zmna, romlis konversiuli vnebiTi prefiqsuli warmoebisaa da Temis niSans ar dairTavs.

A : o-rZrZrZrZGGGGanananan-s àZGobs~ da-rZG-u `gaaZGo~ do-u-rZrZrZrZGGGG----afafafaf-u(n) `gauZGia~ P : i-rZrZrZrZGGGG-u(n) `ZGeba~ di-rZG-u/ˆ `gaZGa~ do-rZrZrZrZGGGG-e(n) `gamZGara~


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masdarSi, ra Tqma unda, Tavs iCens A-is TurmeobiTSi dadas-turebuli -af Temis niSani: rZrZrZrZGGGG----afafafaf-a, Tumca -alalalal sufiqsiani formac dasturdeba: rZrZrZrZGGGG----alalalal-a.

2. 8. gaxmovanebuli fuZis mqone moqmedebiTi gvaris zmnebis erTi tipi SeiZleba daxasiaTdes, rogorc meoreuli warmoebis kauz-tivebi, romlebSic daCndeba uuuu sufiqsi, igive istoriuli Temis ni-Sani. esaa e. w. uniSno vnebiTis zmnebi Zvel qarTulSi arsebuli gan-v-tef tipisa, romelic uZvelesi warmoebisaa (mayavariani 1959).

A : o-tibtibtibtib----uuuu-an-s àTbobs~ ga-tib-u `gaaTbo~ go-u-tibtibtibtib----uuuu----afafafaf-u(n) `gauTbia~ P : tibtibtibtib-u(n) `Tbeba~ go-tib-u/ˆ `Tbeba~ go-titititibbbb----afafafaf-e(n) `gamTbara~ masdari: tibtibtibtib----afafafaf----aaaa.... 2. 9. iTvleba, rom d-oniani vnebiTi iSviaTad gamoiKeneba me-

grulSi da isic qarTulis gavleniT Cans gaCenili (Ciqobava 1936, 114). sakuTriv qarTulSic azrTa sxvadasxvaobaa (qavTaraZe 1954, 310-311; mayavariani 1953, 15; nozaZe 2008, 5). Tumca tendencia d-oniani warmoebis gafarToebisa SesamCnevia.

es ufro iTqmis kauzaciis qarTuli modelis mixedviT saxelu-ri fuZeebidan zmnebis warmoebisas: aaaa----yyyyiiiiTarTarTarTar----enenenen----s s s s : : : : yyyyiTiTiTiT----onononon----dddd----uuuu (ix. qv.) zanuri modelis gamoKenebis SemTxvevebi ufro mcirea da amito-mac naklebad TvalSi sacemia doniani vnebiTis formebic:

A : o-rCqinrCqinrCqinrCqin----anananan-s àCens~ ga-rCqin-u `gaaCina~ go-u-rCqin-u(n) `gauCenia~ P : rCqinrCqinrCqinrCqin-d-u(n) `Cndeba~ go-Crqin-d-u/ˆ `gaCnda~ go-rCqin-e(n) `gaCenila~ masdari: (go)-rCqinrCqinrCqinrCqin----aaaa `gaCena~ rogorc vxedavT, am tipis farglebSi Temis niSani mxolod A-

is awmKos mwkrivSi daCndeba, sxva mxriv erTi da igive fuZea warmo-dgenili rogorc zmnaSi, aseve masdarSi.

2. 10. megrulSi arsebobs -in, -on sufiqsiT nawarmoebi e. w. pirveladi masdarebi, romelTagan iwarmoeba zmnis piriani formebi (nadareiSvili 1964, 280). magaliTad, pirpirpirpiryyyyiiiinininini `Tvalis yKeta~ masda-risgan moqmedebiTi gvaris awmKos forma iwarmoeba kauzativis oooo____uuuu ----anananan KalibiT: oooo----pirpirpirpiryyyyinininin----uuuu----anananan----ssss `Tvals daayKets~, Sdr. saSuali gvaris

Ë . Ä Æ Ö Â Á À É À 110

forma: oooo----pirpirpirpiryyyyinininin----anananan----ssss `Tvali aqvs dayKetili~. konversiul d-onian vnebiTSi masdaris fuZeSi cvlileba xdeba: pirpirpirpiryyyyonononon----dddd----uuuu((((nnnn)))) `Tvalda-yKetilia~. igive fuZe gadahKveba wKvetilSic, magram I TurmeobiTSi daCndeba pirveladi masdaris fuZe: gogogogo----pirpirpirpiryyyyinininin----afafafaf----eeee(n) `dayKetila~. maSasadame, calke SeiZleba gamoiKos -in sufiqsiani masdaruli warmoebis meoreuli zmnebis paradigmatuli tipi:

A : o-pirpirpirpiryyyyinininin-u-anananan-s `Tvals dayKets~ ga-piryin-u `Tvali dayKita~ go-u-pirpirpirpiryyyyinininin-uuuu-afafafaf-u(n) `Tvali dauyKetia~ P : pirpirpirpiryyyyonononon-d-u(n) daiyKiteba~ go-piryon-d-u/ˆ `daiyKita~ go-pirpirpirpiryyyyinininin----afafafaf-e(n) `dayKetila~ masdari: pirpirpirpiryyyyiiiinininini, pirpirpirpiryyyyinininin-u-a. 2. 11. gamoiKofa morfonologiuri tipi sonorze daboloebu-

li gaxmovanebuli fuZis mqone zmnisa, romlis konversiuli vnebiTi d-oniani warmoebisaa.

A : o----rgilrgilrgilrgil----uuuu----anananan-s àciebs~ ga-rgil-u `gaacia~ go-u-rgilrgilrgilrgil----uuuu----afafafaf-u(n) `gauciebia~ P : rgirgirgirgi-d-u-(n) < *rgil-d-u(n) `civdeba~ do-rgi-d-u/ˆ `gacivda~ do-rgilrgilrgilrgil----afafafaf-e(n) `gaciebula~ masdarSic -af Temis niSania iseve, ro Agorc - Pisa da -is Tur-

meobiTebSia: rgilrgilrgilrgil----afafafaf----aaaa.... 2. 12. aGsaniSnavia ablauturi fuZeebi, romelTa vnebiTebis

paradigmaSi fonologiuri procesi isea wasuli, rom fuZis SigniT mTeli marcvalia amovardnili:

A : o-sqisqisqisqilidlidlidlid----uuuu-an-s àrCens~ da-sqilid-u `moarCina~ do-u-sqisqisqisqilidlidlidlid----uuuu----afafafaf-u(n) `mourCenia~ P : ssssqidqidqidqid----uuuu(n) `rCeba~ do-sqid-u-/ˆ `morCeba~ do-sqisqisqisqillllaaaadddd----eeee(n) `morCenila~ sqisqisqisqilidlidlidlid fuZis reducirebuli forma iqneboda *sqildsqildsqildsqild, Sdr.:

didididirikrikrikrik ~ dirkdirkdirkdirk, SqiSqiSqiSqiritritritrit ~ SqirtSqirtSqirtSqirt. ----ldldldld bolokiduri mimdevroba ga-martivda da darCa dddd: sqidsqidsqidsqid, Sesabami Asad, _P -Si dasturdeba fuZee-bi: sqisqisqisqilidlidlidlid, , , , sqidsqidsqidsqid < *sqildsqildsqildsqild, , , , sqisqisqisqiladladladlad. es ukanaskneli, rogorc mosa-lodneli iKo, gvxvdeba masdarSic: sqisqisqisqilalalaladadadada `morCena, darCena~.

2. 13. iSviaTad, magram megrulSi dasturdeba -olololol sufiqsiani


111

pirveladi madsarebic, rogoricaa rsirsirsirsiolololol----i i i i `triali, bzriali, Tav-brusxveva~. masdaruli fuZe ucvlelad meordeba moqmedebiTisa da konversiuli vnebiTis paradigmebSi. bunebrivia, rom TurmeobiTebSi daCndeba -af Temis niSani, romelic masdarSic SeiZleba gadavides: momomomo----rsirsirsirsiolololol----afafafaf----aaaa `triali, bzriali...~

A : o-rsirsirsirsiolololol----uuuu-an-s àtrialebs~ da-rsiol-u `daatriala~ do-u-rsirsirsirsiolololol----uuuu----afafafaf-u(n) `dautrialebia~ P : i-rsiol-u(n) `trialdeba~ di-rsiol-u/ˆ `datrialda~ do-rsiol-af-e(n) `datrialebula~ 3. pirveladi kauzaciis zanuri modelis paralelurad megrul-

Si gamoiKeneba qarTuli modeli, ufro metic, nasaxelari zmnebis warmoeba ZiriTadad qarTuli Kalibis mixedviT xdeba, bunebrivia Tematuri niSnis zanuri variantebis gamoKenebiT: a- _ -an/-en/-un/-ˆn.

3. 14. am SemTxvevaSi warmodgenilia gaxmovanebuli fuZis mqone zmnebi, romle Abic -is awmKos garda, Kvela danarCen Temis niSnian formaSi dairTaven -eb Temis niSans, ufro metic, masdaric mTlia-nad qarTuli modelisaa. magaliTad, aaaa----keTkeTkeTkeT----enenenen----ssss àkeTebs~ _ kekekekeTeTeTeTebabababa,,,, aaaa----diddiddiddid----enenenen----ssss àdidebs~ _ ga ga ga ga----diddiddiddid----ebebebeb----aaaa...

A : a-keTkeTkeTkeT----enenenen-s àkeTebs~ ga-keT-u `gaakeTa~ go-u-keTkeTkeTkeT----ebebebeb-u(n) `gaukeTebia~ P : i-keTkeTkeTkeT----ebebebeb-u(n) `keTdeba~ gi-keT-u/ˆ `gakeTda~ ga-keTkeTkeTkeT-ebebebeb-e(n) `gakeTebula~ 3. 15. gansxvavebul tips warmoadgens zmnebi, romelTa masdari

gviCvenebs -ia daboloebas (variantebiT: -iala, -ieba), magaliTad: momomomo----rqiarqiarqiarqia º momomomo----rqirqirqirqi----ebaebaebaeba º momomomorqirqirqirqiaaaalalalala `moqneva~, memememe----rZiarZiarZiarZia º memememe----rZirZirZirZi----ebaebaebaeba... `mice-ma (`SeaZlia~)~... am daboloebis i elementi fuZiseuli Cans, rasac mxars uy Aers -is awmKosa da wKvetilis formebi, sadac es -i aGar daCndeba: i i i i----rqrqrqrq----enenenen----ssss ì-qnev-s~, aaaa----rZrZrZrZ----enenenen----ssss àZlevs~; ; ; ; mimimimi----rqrqrqrq----uuuu `moiqnia~, mimimimi----aaaa----rZrZrZrZ----uuuu `SeaZlia~, Tumca paralelurad dasturdeba -i xmovnianic: mimimimi----rqirqirqirqi----uuuu da mimimimi----aaaa----rZirZirZirZi----uuuu.... vfiqrobT, rom am ukanasknelebSi aGdgeba Tematuri niSnis TanxmovniTi elementi. erTi mxriv, mimimimi----rqirqirqirqi----uuuu < *mimimimi----rqinrqinrqinrqin----uuuu,,,, Sdr., iiii----rqenrqenrqenrqen----ssss ~ *mimimimi----rqinrqinrqinrqin----uuuu, meore mxriv, mimimimi----aaaa----rZirZirZirZi----uuuu < *mimimimi----aaaa----rZinrZinrZinrZin----uuuu, Sdr., aaaa----rZenrZenrZenrZen----ssss ~ *mmmmiiii----aaaa----rZinrZinrZinrZin----uuuu. vfiqrobT, aqac ablautur fu-ZeebTan gvaqvs saqme, miT ufro, rom qarTulSic analogiuri movle-na dasturdeba:

Ë . Ä Æ Ö Â Á À É À 112

i-qnev-s ~ mo-i-qni-a < *mo-i-qniv-a a-Zlev-s ~ Se-a-Zli-a < *Se-a-Zliv-a paradigmatuli tipi ase gamoiKureba: A : a-rZrZrZrZ----enenenen-s º am-rz-en-s àZlevs~ mi-a-rZi-u `misca, miaZlia~ me-u-rZirZirZirZi----ebebebeb----uuuu(n) `miucia, miuZlevia~ P : e-rZi-eb-u(n) èZleva~ qime-rZi-u `mieca, eZlia~ qime-rZi-eb-e(n) `miscemia~ masdari: (me)-rZiarZiarZiarZia, (me)-rZirZirZirZi-eba `micema~ amJerad Cven SemovifargleT neitraluri da pirveladi kauza-

ciis modelebiT. SeiZleba iTqvas, rom Cven mier SemoTavazebuli uG-lebis paradigmatuli tipebi morfonologiuri tipebia. cxadia, fo-nologiur procesebs gverds ver avuqcevT, miT ufro cocxali me-tKvelebis analizisas. am mimarTulebiT kvleva ara erT Tavisebure-bas warmoaCens rogorc zmnuri fuZeebis struqturis, aseve uGle-bis formebis warmoebis TvalsazrisiT.

literaturaliteraturaliteraturaliteratura gamKregamKregamKregamKrelilililiZeZeZeZe, , , , mamamamayayayayavavavavaririririaaaani ni ni ni 1965196519651965 _ T. gamKreliZe, g. mayavariani,

sonantTa sistema da ablauti qarTvelur enebSi, Tb., 1965. mamamamayayayayavavavavaririririaaaani ni ni ni 1959 1959 1959 1959 _ g. mayavariani, ùniSno vnebiTebi~ qarTve-

lur enebSi, qarTvelur enaTa struqturis sakiTxebi, I, Tb., 1959, gv. 101-130.

nanananadadadadarererereiSiSiSiSvivivivili li li li 1964196419641964 _ l. nadareiSvili, masdaris fuZis saki-TxisaTvis zanurSi, `macne~, 6, Tb., 1964.

nonononozazazazaZe Ze Ze Ze 2008200820082008 _ l. nozaZe, qarTvelur enaTa istoriuli mo-rfologiis sakiTxebi, 2008, gv. 26-65.

uTuruTuruTuruTurgagagagaiiiiZe Ze Ze Ze 2002200220022002 _ T. uTurgaiZe, gramatikuli kategoriebisa da maTi urTierTmimarTebisaTvis qarTul zmnaSi, Tb., 2002.

qavqavqavqavTaTaTaTararararaZe Ze Ze Ze 1954195419541954 _ i. qavTaraZe, zmnis ZiriTadi kategoriebis istoriisaTvis Zvel qarTulSi, Tb., 1954.

qiqiqiqiria ria ria ria 2000200020002000 _ y. qiria, Temis niSanTa warmomavlobis sakiTxi megrulSi, saenaTmecniero Ziebani, X, 2000, gv. 79-83.

CiCiCiCiqoqoqoqobabababava va va va 1936193619361936 _ arn. Ciqobava, yanuris gramatikuli analizi, tf., 1936.


113

Lali Ezugbaia

The Paradigmatic Types of the Conjugation in Megrelian

S u m m a r y

In the special literature it was noted several times by Arn. Chikobava, G.

Rogava, G. Machavariani and others that the systematic changes of the grammatical categories of the Kartvelian languages concerns to the conjunction of the verb too. Now we discuss the question about distribution the verbal stems of Megrelian according to the paradigm of the active and its conversional passive. It should be remarked that the conversional relation between active and passive in Megrelian (resp. Laz) and in Georgian is based on the same principles.

In Georgian the distribution of the verbal stem of the active voice has connection with the theme markers. As it is known in the Georgian language there are three types of the verbal stems: 1) with theme marker: er-s “writes”; 2) with theme: a-ḳḳḳḳet-eb-s “makes”, xaṭṭṭṭ-av-s “paints”, dg-am-s “sets”, tl-i-s “carves”, a-ob-s “hews”, -op-s “divides”; 3) suplate with vowel: dreḳḳḳḳ-s – driḳḳḳḳ-a “bend - bent”.

The unification process was carried on the verbal stem of the active voice in Megrelian. As a rule in present the stem is always added by the stem markers: -an, -en, -un, -n. Though their origin is different in the various verbs (Arn. Chikobava, Ch. Kiria). It has been appeared in the paradigm of conjuction, in particular in the I and III imperfect (IV series). More the same thematic stem is attested in the same rows and in the present form of the conversial passive and in the masdar, as well:

dg-un-s “sets” – do-u-dg-um-u(n) “has set” i-dg-um-u “is set” – do-dg-um-e(n) “has been set” dg-um-a “to set” dv-an-s “puts” – do-u-dv-al-u(n) “has put” i-dv-al-u “is put” – do-dv-al-e(n) “has been put” dv-al-a “to put”

Ë . Ä Æ Ö Â Á À É À 114

a-ḳet-en-s “makes” – go-u-ḳet-eb-u(n) “has made” i-ḳet-eb-u “is made” – ga-ḳet-eb-e(n) “has been made” ḳet-eb-a “to make” o-rğv-an-s “throws” – do-rğv-ap-u(n) “has thrown” i-rğv-ap-u “is thrown” – do-rğv-ap-e(n) “has been thrown” rğv-ap-a “to throw” To our observation it is possible to be devided the conversional paradigms of

the active and passive in the types. The model of the passive formation and masdar stem may be served as a criterion. For example, the passive forms those haven’t their markers form the masdar differently as they are various types: ṭṭṭṭib-u(n) “it gets heat” and ṣḳṣḳṣḳṣḳirṭṭṭṭ-u “it is turned off”: ṭṭṭṭib-ap-a “to heat” and ṣḳṣḳṣḳṣḳiraṭṭṭṭ-a (in the last word there is a trace of ablaut. In the first word the theme marker -ap which comes from masdar is represented in the I imperfect of the active and passive: u-ṭṭṭṭib-u-ap-u(n) “is heated”, ṭṭṭṭib-ap-e(n) “has been heated”. In the second word the suplate stem, where the vowel is changed, is represented in the I imperfect: do-u-ṣḳṣḳṣḳṣḳiriṭṭṭṭ-u(n) “has turned off”, do-ṣḳṣḳṣḳṣḳiraṭṭṭṭ-e(n) “has been turned off”).

The work represents fifteen models, though it’s possible to grow their number according to the current phonological changes those take place at the boad of the morpheme.

ØÀÒÈÅÄËÖÒ ÄÍÀÈÀ ÓÔÒÖØÔÖÒÉÓ ÓÀÊÉÈáÄÁÉØÀÒÈÅÄËÖÒ ÄÍÀÈÀ ÓÔÒÖØÔÖÒÉÓ ÓÀÊÉÈáÄÁÉØÀÒÈÅÄËÖÒ ÄÍÀÈÀ ÓÔÒÖØÔÖÒÉÓ ÓÀÊÉÈáÄÁÉØÀÒÈÅÄËÖÒ ÄÍÀÈÀ ÓÔÒÖØÔÖÒÉÓ ÓÀÊÉÈáÄÁÉ. X. 2009. X. 2009. X. 2009. X. 2009

Tamar vaSakiZeTamar vaSakiZeTamar vaSakiZeTamar vaSakiZe

zmnuri da saxeluri koordinatebisaTvis Tanamedrove qarTulSi

martivi winadadebis sintaqsuri meqanizmis axsna koordinaciis

safuZvelze (Zveli qarTulis mixedviT) warmogvidgina arn. Ciqobavam.

winadadeba, qvemdebare, Semasmeneli, damateba _ es cnebebi pir-

velad indoevropul enaTa Seswavlisas CamoKalibda. SesitKvebaTa

zogadi analizi meTodologiuri imanentizmis TvalsazrisiT Semdeg

daskvnebs iZleva: SesitKvebas qmnis umTavresad brunvadi da uGvli-

lebadi sitKva, saxeli da zmna. sitKvaTa sintaqsuri urTierToba

marTvis, SeTanxmebis an mirTvis saxiT warmogvidgeba... winadadeba

aris SesitKveba, marTva-SeTanxmebis safuZvelze agebuli brunvadi da

uGvlilebadi sitKvebisagan; misi nawilebis gansazGvreba iqneboda:

qvemdebare _ zmnis mmarTveli anu mTavari mmarTveli, dominanti, sa-

xeli; Semasmeneli _ qvemdebaris mier marTuli zmna; damateba _ sa-

xelisa Tu zmnis mier marTuli saxeli (arn. Ciqobava, 1968, 231).

martivi winadadebis struqtura-meqanizms Zvel qarTulSi (da,

bunebrivia, Tanamedrove qarTulSic) gansazGvravs zmna. relatiur-

zmniani winadadebis `marTvis adgils iyers koordinacia~ (arn. Ciqo-

bava, iqve).

`koordinacias vuwodebT iseTs rTuls sintaqsur urTierTo-

bas, rodesac zmna marTavs masTan morfologiurad dakavSirebuli

saxelebis, _ MS-isa da MO-is _ brunvebs, saxelni Tavis mxriv mar-

Taven zmnis pirs da iTanxmeben ricxvs. ara gvaqvs oden marTuli

zmna-Semasmeneli, arc oden mmarTveli (zmnisa) saxeli _ qvemdebare,

arc saxeli, marTuli zmnis mier _ damateba (Tu oriode SemTxveva-

Si mainc Cndeba damateba, es imitom, rom wKdeba saxelis morfolo-

giuri kavSiri zmnasTan), aris mxolod koordinatebi: koordinati

T . v a S a k i Z e

116

aris wevri koordinaciisa anu koordinaciaSi monawile sitKva (saxe-

lebi Tu zmna)~ (arn. Ciqobava, iqve, 233).

`koordinati SeiZleba iKos ZiriTadi, didi, mcire da umcire-

si. ZiriTadi koordinatia zmna, mmarTveli masTan morfologiurad

dakavSirebuli saxelebis, MS-isa da MO-is, _ brunvaTa; igia centri

koordinaciisa. saxelebi, _ MS da MO, _ gvevlineba didi, mcire

da umciresi koordinatis rolSi. koordinat-saxelebis aseTi dasa-

fexureba gamoxatavs maTi sintaqsuri Zalis metnaklebobas... didia

is koordinati, romelic marTavs zmnis pirs da iTanxmebs ricxvs;

mcirea is koordinati, romelic marTavs zmnis pirs, magram ar iTan-

xmebs ricxvs; umciresia is koordinati, romelic iTanxmebs zmnis

ricxvs, magram ar marTavs pirs~ (arn. Ciqobava, iqve, 234).

Cven SevecadeT, gveCvenebina martivi winadadebis sintaqsuri me-

qanizmi koordinaciis safuZvelze Tanamedrove qarTulSi: rogor

warmogvidgebian saxeluri koordinatebi sidide-simciris mixedviT

da ra cvlileba moxda am TvalsazrisiT enaSi Zveli qarTulidan

moKolebuli dGemde?

aqve aGvniSnavT, rom sakiTxze msJelobisas ZiriTad koordi-

nats Cven zmnur koordinatsac vuwodebT, xolo morfologiuri su-

bieqtisa da morfologiuri obieqtebis Sesabamis erTeulebs _ saxe-

lur koordinatebs.

Tanamedrove qarTulSi koordinaciis safuZvelze sintaqsuri

meqanizmis axsna sayiroebs ori umTavresi sakiTxis analizs: 1. rogo-

ria ZiriTadi koordinati _ rogorc mmarTveli (anu ra saxis sin-

taqsuri urTierToba mKardeba zmnur koordinatsa da masTan dakav-

Sirebul saxelebs _ morfologiur subieqtsa da morfologiur

obieqtebs _ Soris ZiriTadi koordinatis mier maTi marTvis Tval-

sazrisiT); 2. rogoria ZiriTadi koordinati _ rogorc marTuli,

maSasadame, rogor imarTvis igi morfologiuri subieqtisa da mo-

rfologiuri obieqtebis mier Tanamedrove qarTulSi da ra xarisxi-

Taa warmodgenili saxelur koordinatTa sintaqsuri Zala zmnur

koordinatSi maTi asaxvis TvalsazrisiT.

Tanamedrove qarTulSi martivi winadadebis zmnuri koordina-

ti SeiZleba iKos: a) orpiriani gardamavali (aSenebs kaci saxls), b)

sampiriani (uSenebs mama Svils saxls), g) orpiriani medioaqtivi

zmnuri da saxeluri koordinatebisaTvis...

117

(hpatronobs mama Svils), d) orpiriani gardauvali (emaleba Svili

mamas), e) erTpiriani medioaqtivi (cxovrobs kaci).

zmnaTa am tipebs Seesabameba martivi winadadebis saxeebic. sin-

taqsuri meqanizmis TvalsazrisiT maT Soris mniSvnelovani sxvaobaa.

arn. Ciqobavas sintaqsuri Teoriis mixedviT, zmna ZiriTadi ko-

ordinati SeiZleba iKos relatiurzmnian winadadebebTan, radgan am

SemTxvevebSi igi (zmna) imarTvis saxeluri koordinatebis mier pir-

Si da eTanxmeba maT ricxvis mixedviT, agreTve Tavad marTavs saxe-

lur koordinatebs brunvaSi. absolutur-gardauvalzmniani winada-

debis zmna ki Semasmenelia; igi marTulia MS-is mier pirSi, agreTve

SeTanxmebulia ricxvis mixedviT, magram Tavad ver marTavs saxels

brunvaSi. absolutur-gardauvalzmniani winadadebis MS saxelobiTi

brunvis formiT warmogvidgeba dro-kiloTa samsave JgufSi. amis

gamo MS qvemdebarea (dominanti), zmna ki _ Semasmeneli (arn. Ciqoba-

va, iqve).

Tu zmnis mier saxelTa marTvis analizisas gadamwKvetad miviC-

nevT saxelis brunvis formis cvlas dro-kiloTa Jgufebis mixedviT,

maSin zmna ZiriTad koordinatad mogvevlineba mxolod relatiur-

gardamavalzmnian winadadebaSi (wers kaci werils, dawera kacma we-

rili, dauweria kacs werili; swers mama Svils werils, miswera ma-

mam Svils werili, miuweria mamas SvilisTvis werili...), xolo, Tu

zmnis mier saxelTa marTvis dros amosavlad davsaxavT zmnisgan ori

saxelis sxvadasxva brunvaSi marTvas (ise, rom saxelebma brunva ar

Seicvalon dro-kiloTa Jgufebis mixedviT), maSin zmna relatiur-

gardauvalzmnian winadadebaSic ZiriTad koordinatad warmogvidgeba

(emaleba Svili mamas, daemala Svili mamas, damalvia Svili mamas),

Sdr.: mwifdeba vaSli, damwifda vaSli, damwifebula vaSli.

ZiriTadi koordinatis mier saxelur koordinatTa marTvis

ramdenime tipi gamoiKofa Tanamedrove qarTulSi (iseve, rogorc

ZvelSi): 1. zmnuri koordinatis mier saxelur koordinatTa marTva

orsaxelian relatiur-gardamavalzmnian winadadebaSi, roca morfo-

logiuri subieqti imarTvis saxelobiT da moTxrobiT brunvebSi,

xolo morfologiuri obieqti _ micemiTsa da saxelobiTSi dro-ki-

loTa seriebis mixedviT (wers kaci werils, dawera kacma werili,

dauweria kacs werili); 2. zmnuri koordinatis mier saxelur koor-

dinatTa marTva samsaxelian relatiur-gardamavalzmnian winadadeba-

T . v a S a k i Z e

118

Si, roca morfologiuri subieqti imarTvis saxelobiT da moTxro-

biT brunvebSi, brunvacvalebadi morfologiuri obieqti _ micemiT-

sa da saxelobiTSi, xolo brunvaucvleli morfologiuri obieqti

micemiTi brunvis formiT warmogvidgeba dro-kiloTa IIII da IIIIIIII Jgufis

nakvTebTan, IIIIIIIIIIII JgufSi ki Tandebulian saxelad moiqceva (swers mama

Svils werils, miswera mamam Svils werili, miuweria mamas Svilis-

Tvis werili); 3. zmnuri koordinatis mier saxelur koordinatTa

marTva im tipis winadadebaSi, romelsac ZiriTad koordinatad

warmodgenili aqvs orpiriani medioaqtivi (hpatronobs mama Svils,

upatrona mamam Svils,); 4. zmnuri koordinatis mier saxelur koor-

dinatTa marTva relatiur-gardauvalzmnian winadadebaSi, roca

zmnasTan dakavSirebulia ori saxeli, morfologiuri subieqti da

morfologiuri obieqti, da orive erTi da imave brunvis formiT

(MS saxelobiTiT, xolo MO _ micemiTiT) warmogvidgeba dro-ki-

loTa samsave JgufSi (emaleba Svili mamas, daemala Svili mamas, da-

malvia Svili mamas); 5. ZiriTadi koordinatis mier saxeluri koor-

dinatis marTva im tipis winadadebaSi, romelsac zmnur koordina-

tad warmodgenili aqvs erTpiriani medioaqtivi (cxovrobs kaci,

icxovra kacma...).

rac Seexeba absolutur-gardauvalzmnian winadadebas, rogorc

zemoT iTqva, am SemTxvevaSi zmna marTulia MS-is mier pirSi, agreT-

ve SeTanxmebulia ricxvis mixedviT, magram Tavad ver marTavs saxels

brunvaSi (arn. Ciqobava, iqve).

rogoria ZiriTadi koordinati _ rogorc marTuli da ro-

gor warmogvidgebian saxeluri koordinatebi (morfologiuri subi-

eqti da morfologiuri obieqtebi) mmarTvelis funqciiT?

aGsaniSnavia, rom Tanamedrove qarTulSi (iseve, rogorc Zvel-

Si) morfologiuri subieqtisa da morfologiuri obieqtebis piri

Tu ricxvi xan niSnebiTaa warmodgenili zmnaSi (m-xatav-s is me, m-xa-

tav-en isini me, gv-xatav-s is Cven, gv-xatav-en isini Cven...), xan _ nu-

liT (g-xatav-∅-T is Tqven, ∅-∅-xatav Sen mas, ∅-∅-∅-uxatav Sen mas mas...). bunebrivia, pirTa Kvela dasaSveb kombinaciaSi Znelad moipo-

veba iseTi piri, romelic KovelTvis asaxulia zmnaSi.

arn. Ciqobavas, a. SaniZis, T. uTurgaiZis, T. gamKreliZisa da

sxvaTa naSromebSi garCeulia piris niSanTa kombinirebis sakiTxebi.


119

samecniero literaturis mixedviT, me-3 pirdapir obieqtur

pirs sakuTari niSani ara aqvs zmnaSi. saliteraturo enis normebic

am Tvalsazriss emKareba.

aGsaniSnavia, rom Zveli qarTulis awmKosa da misi fuZisagan

nawarmoeb mwkrivTa formebSi mesame pirdapiri obieqturi piri sis-

temebr aris gamoxatuli. T. uTurgaiZe aGniSnavs, rom a. SaniZis mi-

er gamoKofili `qadagebs~ da `hKofs~ tipis zmnebi warmoadgenen

mxolod morfonologiuri cvlilebis mixedviT gansxvavebul Jgu-

febs: am zmnebs me-3 pirdapiri obieqturi piri an hhhh prefiqsiT aqvs

gamoxatuli, an misi alomorfebiT _ /ssss-/ winaenismier TanxmovanTa

win, xolo /∅∅∅∅/ mosalodnelia Kvela SemTxvevaSi, roca zmna uprever-boa. Tu zmna preverbiania, me-3 pirdapiri obieqturi piris niSani

KovelTvis Tavis adgilzea Zvel qarTulSi (rogorc xanmeti, ise hae-

meti da momdevno xanis teqstebSi), maSasadame, ar arsebobs safuZve-

li, rom IIII seriis formebSi uarvKoT O3-is niSnad ssss- an hhhh- prefiqsi

xanmet da haemet, xolo hhhh- ∼ ssss- ∼ ∅∅∅∅ _ momdevno xanis ZeglebSi (uTurgaiZe, 2002, 22).

T. gamKreliZis varaudiTac, pirdapiri obieqtis niSani mesame

pirSi igive unda KofiliKo, rac iribisa (amave pirSi) _ xxxx-, magram

Zvel qarTulSi mkvlevari mas ukve dakargulad miiCnevs irib obi-

eqtTan SedarebiT naklebi `simZlavris~ gamo (T. gamKreliZe, 1979,

46).

pirdapiri obieqtis piri da ricxvi Zvel qarTulSi gamoxatu-

lia subieqtis pirisa da ricxvis markirebis principiT: pirsa da

ricxvs Tav-TavianTi aGmniSvnelebi aqvT, magaliTad: Se-m-i-pKr-n-aºSe-

gu-i-pKr-n-a (Cuen), Se-g-i-pKr-n-a (Tquen), Se-x-i-pKr-n-a (igini). maSasa-

dame, orpiriani zmnebi pirdapir obieqts gamoxataven pirSic da ri-

cxvSic (T. uTurgaiZe, iqve, 26).

aqve aGvniSnavT, rom Tanamedrove qarTulis zog dialeqtsa

Tu mwerlis enaSi (garkveul poziciebSi) SeimCneva me-3 pirdapiri

obieqturi piris mravlobiTobis aGmniSvneli -TTTT sufiqsi (mag., papapapapam pam pam pam

dadadadalalalalaxaT SvixaT SvixaT SvixaT SviliSliSliSliSvivivivilelelelebibibibi) (i. kiknaZe, 1983, 75-88).

rac Seexeba pirvel da meore subieqtur pirebs. specialuri

literaturidan cnobilia, rom pirveli subieqturi piris niSani

warmodgenilia me-3 obieqtur pirTan (Se-x-u-ab-T, mi-v-s-were-T), mag-

ram ara gvaqvs O2-sTan (g-xatav, g-abam); me-2 subieqturi piris niSani

T . v a S a k i Z e

120

ar aris warmodgenili O1-Tan (m-xatav, m-abam). kombinaciaSi _ S2O3

mxolod erTi piris niSani gvaqvs fonologiuri mizezis gamo. maTi

niSnebi materialurad identuria. qarTuli enisTvis ki fonetiku-

rad identur morfemaTa kombinacia arabunebrivia. amitom TxrobiT

kiloSi erT-erTi piris niSani nulovani alomorfiT iqneba warmo-

dgenili. (me) mo-m-were-T da (Sen) mo-g-were-T formebSi -TTTT subieq-

tis mravlobiTobis niSania. unda vifiqroT, subieqturi prefiqsebis

gauCinareba morfonologiuri mizeziT xdeba. am azrs isic ganamtki-

cebs, rom vvvv- gvxvdeba O3-sTan kombinaciaSi (maSasadame, mosalodneli

OiKo 2-sTanac; S2-is prefiqsi agreTve savaraudebelia O1-Tan). aseve

rekonstruirdeba S1O2 pirTa kombinacia vvvv-gggg (*vvvv----gggg----werwerwerwer, *vvvv----gggg----xaxaxaxatavtavtavtav...).

/vvvv/ fonologiurad dauSvebelia /gggg/-s win, unda vivaraudoT, rom /vvvv/

prefiqsis dakargva am formebSi misi gaCenis simultanuri procesia,

e. i. KovelTvis da Kvela safexurze enis ganviTarebisa am poziciaSi

nulovani alomorfi ivaraudeba. amgvaradve rekonstruirdeba S2O1

formebi (*(*(*(*momomomo----mmmm----xxxx----wewewewerererere, , , , dadadada----mmmm----xxxx----xaxaxaxatetetete...)...)...)...), romelTa S2-is niSani am pozi-

ciaSi nuliT aris warmodgenili, rac agreTve Sepirobebulia fono-

logiurad (mo-m-∅-were, da-m-∅-xate...). ar arsebobs struqturuli SezGudva, romelic Zveli qarTulis subieqtur da obieqtur niSan-

Ta kombinacias meoreulad migvaCnevinebs prefiqsul Tanamimdevroba-

Si. aqve ikveTeba pirTa markirebis mkafio suraTi maTi urTierTkom-

binirebis fonze: zog kombinaciaSi pirebi warmodgenili arian mate-

rialurad, zogan ki _ nulovani alomorfebiT, romlebic Sepirobe-

bulia fonologiurad. naTqvami Tanabrad exeba subieqtur da orive

saxis obieqtur pirebs (T. uTurgaiZe, iqve, 36-38).

qvemoT warmovadgenT orpiriani gardamavali da gardauvali

zmnebis saxelur koordinatebs pirTa kombinaciebis gaTvaliswinebiT

(awmKos mwkrivis mixedviT):

O1dir S3

m-xatav-s is me

m-xatav-en isini me MS _ didi koordinati

gv-xatav-s is Cven MO _ didi koordinati

gv-xatav-en isini Cven


121

O2dir S2

popopopotentententenciciciciuuuurad sarad sarad sarad salitlitlitlit. . . . enis mienis mienis mienis mixedxedxedxedviTviTviTviT

m-Ø-xatav Sen me m-xatav Sen me (MS zmnaSi materialurad

ar aisaxeba)

m-Ø-xatav-T Tqven me m-xatav-T Tqven me (MS _ umciresi

koordinati)

gv-Ø-xatav Sen Cven gv-xatav Sen Cven (MS zmnaSi materia-

lurad ar aisaxeba)

gv-Ø-xatav-T Tqven Cven gv-xatav-T Tqven Cven (MS _ umciresi

koordinati)

MS _ didi koordinati MO _ didi koordinati

MO _ didi koordinati

S1 O2dir


Ø-g-xatav me Sen g-xatav me Sen (MS zmnaSi materialurad

ar aisaxeba)

Ø-g-xatav-T Cven Sen g-xatav-T Cven Sen (MS _ umciresi koor-

dinati)

Ø-g-xatav-T me Tqven g-xatav-T me Tqven (MS zmnaSi materialu-

rad ar aisaxeba, MO _ didi

koordinati)

Ø-g-xatav-T-Ø Cven Tqven g-xatav-T Cven Tqven (MS _ umciresi

MS _ didi koordinati koordinati, MO _ mcire

MO _ didi koordinati koordinati)

O2dir S3


g-xatav-s is Sen g-xatav-s is Sen

g-xatav-en isini Sen g-xatav-en isini Sen

g-xatav-Ø-T is Tqven g-xatav-T is Tqven (MS zmnaSi materia-

lurad ar aisaxeba, MO _ didi koor-

dinati)

T . v a S a k i Z e

122

g-xatav-en-Ø isini Tqven g-xatav-en isini Tqven (MO _ mcire

koordinati)

MS _ didi koordinati MS _ didi koordinati


S1O3dir

popopopotentententenciciciciuuuurad rad rad rad sa sa sa salitlitlitlit. . . . enis mienis mienis mienis mixedxedxedxedviTviTviTviT

v-Ø-xatav me mas v-xatav me mas

v-Ø-xatav-T Cven mas v-xatav-T Cven mas

v-Ø-xatav-Ø me maT v-xatav me maT

v-Ø-xatav-T-Ø Cven maT v-xatav-T Cven maT


MO _ didi koordinati MO _ damateba

S2 O3dir

popopopotentententenciciciciuuuurad rad rad rad sasasasalitlitlitlit. . . . enis mienis mienis mienis mixedxedxedxedviTviTviTviT

Ø-Ø-xatav Sen mas xatav Sen mas (MS zmnaSi materialurad

ar aisaxeba)

Ø-Ø-xatav-T Tqven mas xatav-T Tqven mas (MS _ umciresi koor-

dinati)

Ø-Ø-xatav-Ø Sen maT xatav Sen maT (MS zmnaSi materialurad

ar aisaxeba)

Ø-Ø-xatav-T-Ø Tqven maT xatav-T Tqven maT (MS _ umciresi koor-

dinati)

MS _ didi koordinati MO _ damateba


S3 O3dir

po po po potentententenciciciciuuuurad sarad sarad sarad salitlitlitlit. . . . enis mienis mienis mienis mixedxedxedxedviTviTviTviT

Ø-xatav-s is mas xatav-s is mas

Ø-xatav-en isini mas xatav-en isini mas

Ø-xatav-s-Ø is maT xatav-s is maT

Ø-xatav-en-Ø isini maT xatav-en isini maT


123



O1ind S3

m-ezrdeb-a is me

m-ezrdebi-an isini me MS _ didi koordinati

gv-ezrdeb-a is Cven MO _ didi koordinati

gv-ezrdebi-an isini Cven

O1 indS2

po po po potentententenciciciciuuuurad sarad sarad sarad salitlitlitlit. . . . enis mienis mienis mienis mixedxedxedxedviT viT viT viT

m-Ø-ezrdebi Sen me m-ezrdebi Sen me (MS zmnaSi materialurad

ar aisaxeba)

m-Ø-ezrdebi-T Tqven me m-ezrdebi-T Tqven me (MS _ umciresi ko-

ordinati)

gv-Ø-ezrdebi Sen Cven gv-ezrdebi Sen Cven (MS zmnaSi materialurad

ar aisaxeba)

gv-Ø-ezrdebi-T Tqven Cven gv-ezrdebi-T Tqven Cven (MS _ umciresi

koordinati)

MS _ didi koordinati MO _ didi koordinati


O2ind S1

popopopotentententenciciciciuuuurarararad sad sad sad salitlitlitlit. . . . enis mienis mienis mienis mixedxedxedxedviTviTviTviT

Ø-g-ezrdebi me Sen g-ezrdebi me Sen (MS zmnaSi materialu-

rad ar aisaxeba)

Ø-g-ezrdebi-T Cven Sen g-ezrdebi-T Cven Sen (MS _ umciresi

koordinati)

Ø-g-ezrdebi-T me Tqven g-ezrdebi-T me Tqven (MS zmnaSi materia-

lurad ar aisaxeba; MO _ didi

koordinati)

Ø-g-ezrdebi-T-Ø Cven Tqven g-ezrdebi-T Cven Tqven (MS _ umciresi

koordinati, MO _ mcire koordinati)

MS _ didi koordinati


T . v a S a k i Z e

124

O2

ind S3 po po po potentententenciciciciuuuurad rad rad rad sasasasalitlitlitlit. . . . enis mienis mienis mienis mixedxedxedxedviTviTviTviT

g-ezrdeb-a is Sen g-ezrdeb-a is Sen

g-ezrdebi-an isini Sen g-ezrdebi-an isini Sen

g-ezrdeb-a-T is Tqven g-ezrdeb-a-T is Tqven

g-ezrdebi-an-Ø isini Tqven g-ezrdebi-an isini Tqven


MO _ didi koordinati MO _ didi koordinati

O2indp S1

p-is SemTxvevaSi MO _ mcire koor-

dinati

S1O3ind

popopopotentententenciciciciuuuuradradradrad sasasasalitlitlitlit. . . . enis mienis mienis mienis mixedxedxedxedviTviTviTviT

v-Ø-ezrdebi me mas v-ezrdebi me mas

v-Ø-ezrdebi-T Cven mas v-ezrdebi-T Cven mas

v-Ø-ezrdebi-Ø me maT v-ezrdebi me maT

v-Ø-ezrebi-T-Ø Cven maT v-ezrdebi-T Cven maT



S2O3ind


Ø-Ø-ezrdebi Sen mas ezrdebi Sen mas (MS zmnaSi materia-

lurad ar aisaxeba)

Ø-Ø-ezrdebi-T Tqven mas ezrdebi-T Tqven mas (MS _ umciresi

koordinati)

Ø-Ø-ezrdebi-Ø Sen maT ezrdebi Sen maT (MS zmnaSi materialu-

rad ar aisaxeba)

Ø-Ø-ezrdebi-T-Ø Tqven maT ezrdebi-T Tqven maT (MS _ umciresi

koordinati)

MS _ didi koordinati MO _ damateba



125

S3 O3 ind

po po po potentententenciciciciuuuurad rad rad rad sasasasalitlitlitlit. . . . enis mienis mienis mienis mixedxedxedxedviTviTviTviT

Ø-ezrdeb-a is mas ezrdeba is mas

Ø-ezrdebi-an isini mas ezrdebi-an isini mas

Ø-ezrdeb-a-Ø is maT ezrdeb-a (an ezrdeba-T) is maT

Ø-ezrdebi-an-Ø isini maT ezrdebi-an isini maT


MO _ didi koordinati MO _ umciresi koordinati an damateba

nulovani alomorfebis gaTvaliswinebiT, morfologiuri subi-

eqtica da morfologiuri obieqtebic did koordinatebad mogvevli-

neba, maSasadame, relatiurzmniani martivi winadadebis wevrebad

gveqneba: zmnuri koordinati, morfologiuri subieqtis Sesabamisi

saxeluri koordinati da brunvacvalebadi Tu brunvaucvleli mo-

rfologiuri obieqtebis Sesabamisi saxeluri koordinatebi. zemoT-

qmulis mixedviT, relatiurzmniani martivi winadadeba warmoadgens

zmnur da saxelur koordinatTa SesitKvebas.

Tanamedrove saliteraturo qarTulis monacemebis gaTvaliswi-

nebiT, relatiur-gardamavalzmniani winadadebis morfologiuri su-

bieqti SeiZleba iKos rogorc didi (v-xatav-T Cven mas), ise umcire-

si (gv-xatav-T Tqven Cven, g-xatav-T Cven Sen) koordinati. morfolo-

giuri obieqti ki warmogvidgeba did (g-xatav-T me Tqven) an mcire

(g-xatav-T Cven Tqven) koordinatad, agreTve _ damatebad (v-xatav me

mas, v-xatav me maT). relatiur-gardauvalzmniani winadadebis morfo-

logiuri subieqti SeiZleba iKos aseve didi (v-ezrdebi me mas, v-ez-

rdebi-T Cven mas) an umciresi (g-ezrdebi-T Cven Sen) koordinati,

xolo morfologiuri obieqti gvevlineba did (m-ezrdeb-a is me, gv-

ezrdeb-a is Cven) da mcire (g-ezrdebi-T Cven Tqven) koordinatad an

damatebad (v-ezrdebi me mas, v-ezrdebi me maT).

Tanamedrove saliteraturo qarTulis monacemebis gaTvaliswi-

nebiT, martivi winadadebis wevrebad warmogvidgebian: ZiriTadi ko-

ordinati (zmnuri koordinati) da saxeluri koordinatebi (am Se-

mTxvevaSi ukve _ didi, mcire an umciresi), gveqneba damatebac.

T . v a S a k i Z e

126


gamKregamKregamKregamKrelilililiZe Ze Ze Ze 1979197919791979 _ T. gamKreliZe, zmnis `pirianoba~ da `va-

lentoba~, saenaTmecniero krebuli, Tb., 1979.

uTuruTuruTuruTurgagagagaiiiiZeZeZeZe 2002 2002 2002 2002 _ T. uTurgaiZe, gramatikuli kategoriebisa

da maTi urTierTmimarTebisaTvis qarTul zmnaSi, Tb., 2002.

kikkikkikkiknanananaZe Ze Ze Ze 1983198319831983 _ i. kiknaZe, mesame piris obieqtis mravlobiTo-

bis gamoxatvisaTvis saliteraturo qarTulSi dialeqtebTan mimar-

TebiT, saenaTmecniero Ziebani, Tsu, 1983.

CiCiCiCiqoqoqoqobabababava va va va 1968196819681968 _ arn. Ciqobava, martivi winadadebis problema

qarTulSi, Tb., 1968.

Tamar Vashakidze

Towards the verbal and nominal coordinatives in the modern Georgian

S u m m a r y

Explanation of syntactic mechanism needs an analysis of two main questions

on the basis of coordination of the modern Georgian: 1) how is a main coordinative,

as a governer or what kind of syntactic relation is between a verbal coordinative (or

a basic coordinative) and a noun connected with it – MS and MO – from the

viewpoint of their governing (according to cases), 2) how is a main coordinative as a

governing, i. e. how it is governed by a morphological subject and a morphological

objects and what is the degree of a syntactic power of nominal coordinatives in a

verbal coordinative from the viewpoint of their reflecting (denoting).

In the work a syntactic mechanism of a two-personal sentence with a relative

verb is analized according to above mentioned. In the modern Georgian a

morphological subject and a morphological object are big coordinatives taking into

account zero allomorphs of personal markers.


rusudan ioselianirusudan ioselianirusudan ioselianirusudan ioseliani

kodoris (resp. dalis) xeobis eTnolingvisturi

xasiaTis komentarebi

dalis xeobidan qvemo qarTlSi iZulebiT gadaadgilebul mo-

saxleobaSi Cawerili teqstebi (metKvelebis nimuSebi) friad mniS-vnelovania ara marto calsaxad lingvisturi, aramed eTnolingvis-turi TvalsazrisiTac. am masalebSi daculia saintereso monacemebi dalis svaneTis mosaxleobis Kofisa da kulturis, wes-Cveulebebisa da maTi urTierTobis Sesaxeb mezobel kuTxeebTan. uaGresad mdida-ri masalidan KuradGebas SevaCerebT zogierT aspeqtze.

dalis xeobisa da zogadad afxazeTis uZvelesi mosaxleobis sa-kiTxi didi xania mecnier-mkvlevarTa interesis sagans warmoadgens. damkvidrebuli TvalsazrisiT, aq odiTganve mosaxleobdnen qarTve-luri tomebi, maT Soris svanebi. sainteresoa, rom am movlenis xsov-na kargad aris Semonaxuli dGevandeli mosaxleobis istoriul me-xsierebaSi, rasac Sesabamisi toponimebic adastureben. mTxrobelTa TqmiT, `dali odiTganve svanebis samosaxlo Kofila, amitomac mas svanuri saxeli `ÃðËÉð ÔæÉÁ" _ `dalis xeoba hqvia~. maTive TqmiT, dalis xeobis mosaxleoba samJer Kofila amowKvetili, Tumca iq isev saxldebodnen zemo svaneTidan gadasuli svanebi swored imitom, rom Tavis mkvidr samosaxlod miaCndaT:

erTi SexedviT es umniSvnelo faqti sinamdvileSi metad mniS-vnelovania _ Cans, rom mosaxleobis eTnofsiqologiaSi mkvidrad aris gamJdari afxazeTis, rogorc mSobliuri, odiTganve sakuTari kuTxis aGqma da gaazreba, rasac saukuneebi syirdeba, mokle droSi aseTi cnobierebis CamoKalibeba SeuZlebelia:

ÛæðÍáðÍ ËðËÆÉÂêËÃ ÄãÙÀ ÄÓÙéÒÃÀ ÌðÂ ÃðËÈÄ, ÄÒÄ ÃðË ÄÒ ËÉ ÛæÀÍÒÄÛ, ËÉ ÍÀÛæÀÍ É ÑÀáÄÎ ÉæÀÍÙÏ áÄÑáðÍ ÀËÀÓ ÃðËÉð ÔæÉÁ _ ÛæÀÍÒÄ ÍÀÑÀáæ.

r . i o s e l i a n i

128

`svaneTidan sacxovreblad imitom midioda Kvela dalis xeoba-Si (`dal-s-ken"), rom dalis xeoba (`dali rom") aris svanebis, aris nasvanari da saxelic uZvelesi droidan erqva amas dalis xeoba _ svanebis darqmeuli (`danarqmevi")."

aranakleb sainteresoa xeobis saxelwodeba `ÃðË". dali svanu-ri miTologiis erT-erTi umTavresi figuraa, nadirobis qalGmerTi, nadirTa da monadireTa mfarveli. xalxis warmodgeniT dali ulama-zesi oqrosTmiani qalia (ÃðË, aqedan ÃðËíÃ _ ToJina), romelic kldeSi, gamoqvabulSi, cxovrobs. igi monadireebisagan irCevs Kvela-ze Zliersa Tu gamorCeuls da saKvarlad gaixdis, Galatis SemTxve-vaSi ki Gupavs mas.

dalis aseTi gaazreba gvxvdeba zemo da qvemo svaneTSic; am mo-nacemebiT sruli analogia dasturdeba kodoris xeobaSic, Tumca aGsaniSnavia is faqtic, rom winamdebare masalis mixedviT, dalis xe-obaSi TiTqmis bolomde Cans SemorCenili qalGmerTTan dakavSirebu-li rwmena misi urTierTobisa monadireebTan.

teqstebSi saintereso masalaa warmodgenili dalis xeobis to-ponimikasTan dakavSirebiT. cnobilia, rom geografiul saxelTa cvlilebas didi dro syirdeba da misi ZiriTadi nawili TiTqmis ucvlelad inaxeba xolme. miuxedavad mcxovreb eTnosTa cvalebado-bisa, axalmosuli xalxi, ZiriTadad, inaxavs misi winamorbedisgan ama Tu im adgilisTvis Serqmeul saxelebs.

dalis xeobis toponimebidan masalaSi dafiqsirebulia omari-Sali, ÍðÌÛÉáæ, ÏÁÖÒÙæÀÍ, ÀàÀ×ÀÒÀ, ÂæÀÍÃÒÀ... am toponimebis Ziri-Tadi nawili, TvalnaTliv Cans, rom svanuria.

sainteresoa omariSalis saxelwodeba, romliTac mas moixsenie-ben adgilobrivi mcxovreblebi:

ÎÀËÝÖÍëÓÂÀ ÄãÙÀ áÀÎÛáÀ, ÄÒÄ ÓÀÊÍéÒÀ É ÂæÀÍÃÒéËÀ ÉÔÚÖÁðËá É ÄÜÉ ÍÄÓÂÀ ËÉ ÀË ÓÏ×ÄË.

ìalcunesga" imitom hqvia, rom saknara da gvandrala uerTde-bian erTmaneTs (`tKupdebian") da imaT Sorisaa (`Sua aris") es sofe-li."

dalis xeobidan iZulebiT gadaadgilebul mosaxleobaSi Cawe-rili teqstebidan kargad Cans maTi wes-Cveulebebis erTianoba da-narCen svaneTTan. Tu davakvirdebiT maT metKvelebas, specifikuri saxis (sameurneo, religiuri, xalxuri samarTlis da a. S.) termino-logias, aGmoCndeba, rom isini, ZiriTadad, ganuKofelni arian zemo da qvemo svaneTis mosaxleobisagan, Tumca meti siaxlove zemo sva-neTTan SeiniSneba.

kodoris (resp. dalis) xeobis eTnolingvisturi...

129

erTiani tradiciisa da wes-Cveulebebis arseboba dalis xeoba-sa da danarCen svaneTSi kargad Cans: samgloviaro, samonadireo, sa-dGesaswaulo, xalxuri samarTlisa da sxv. CveulebebSi. KuradGebas gavamaxvilebT mxolod ZiriTad aspeqtebze:

iseve, rogorc zemo svaneTSi, dalis xeobaSic scodniaT da-krZalvis dGes qaqaqaqabababababisbisbisbis gamocxoba. es aris puri, romelic imdeni ca-li cxveboda, ramdeni mimsvlelic iKo qelexSi.

ËÀÛÃÙæÀË ËÀÃÄÙ ØÀÁðÁ áÄÊæÄÓ ÀÈáæÉóÍ ÜìÓ ÌêÒÄÌÉ ØÖÍÑÉ. `gasvenebis dGes qababi unda Sexvedroda Kvelas adamianis (`ka-

cis") sulze." tradiciis Tanaxmad `qababi~ Tanasoflelebs saxlSi unda wae-

GoT imdeni cali, ramdeni sulic cxovrobda oJaxSi, ToTo bavSvis CaTvliT. puris ar waGeba maspinZlis SeuracKofad iTvleboda, vina-idan xalxis rwmeniT, Kovelive es micvalebulis sulisTvis keTdebo-da. mdidari oJaxebi `qababs~ erT sulze sam cals acxobdnen da ise arigebdnen sofelSi; aGsaniSnavia, rom `qababi" saukeTeso xarisxis fqvilisgan unda gamomcxvariKo, misi gamocxoba qerisa da yvavis fqvilisgan ar SeiZleboda.

qababi iKo didi zomis mrgvali puri, gverdebze ukeTdeboda ornamenti, magram ranairi iKo es ornamenti da ras gamosaxavda, mTxroblebs ar axsovT, zogierTi maTganis TqmiT es SeiZleboda Ko-filiKo Jvari... (ioseliani, 2005, 149). sulxan-sabas ganmartebiT, qa-babi saukeTeso fqvilis èrTgvari namcxvaria." saqarTvelos sxva ku-TxeebSi aseTi saxelwodebis puri ar gvxvdeba (Tanamedrove eTnogra-fiuli masaliT).

rac Seexeba dalis svaneTis zemoaGniSnul teqstebSi dafiqsi-rebul sabrZolo-saomar tradiciebs, ikveTeba msgavseba ara marto danarCen svaneTTan, aramed mTlianad saqarTvelos mTianeTTan.

es pirvel rigSi gamoixateba brZolaSi aucilebel, urTier-Tdamokidebulebis raindul normebSi, rac saerTo iKo mTeli kavka-siisaTvis. kodoruli metKvelebis amsaxvel teqstebSi amis erT-erTi saukeTeso magaliTia dafiqsirebuli, rogor eficebian mtrebi er-TmaneTs Zmebad, maspinZeli mosaklavad gametebuli Zmobilis sisxls saxlSi ar daGvris, mas gareT gaiKvans da isev moZmeebs Caabarebs. aseTi urTierTobis naTeli magaliTia, agreTve, kodorel mTqmelTa teqstebSi damowmebuli informacia _ rogor qmnian Crdilo kavka-sielebi leqss da rogor gadascemen Taobebs erT-erT svani meomaris Sesaxeb:


130

ÜÖ ÄãÂæðÒ ÏËÓðÊæÒÄËÉá ÆÏÒÁÄØÉÛ ÍÀÌÀÒÂæÛ ÓÀæðÒ, ÄÒÄ ËÄØÓ ÏÈÉÎÒÀá. ÄãÉ ÄÜÀÍÙÏ ËÀÙÒÀËÃ ÏáÓÚÀá.

ìse gakvirvebiaT (`gakvirvebulan") zorbeqis saqcieliT (`na-vargiT") savebi, rom leqsi dauweriaT. is mere simGerad gadauqcevi-aT (`gaukeTebiaT").”

aGniSnuli teqstebis safuZvelze kargad ikveTeba erTi uZve-lesi plasti mTis mosaxleobis Kofisa, rasac `mekobreoba", anu sva-nurad ËÀÙëÛÂêËÈÄ ËìÆÉ (`wasarTmevad svla") ewodeba. es adaTi gulisxmobda Crdilo kavkasiaSi gadasvlas da iqidan saqonlis Jogis wamosxmas. dalis xeobeli mTxrobelis mier sruliad samarTlianad aris movlena Sefasebuli:

ãæÉÍðËÃ ÛæÀÍÉÓÂÀ É ÃðËÉÓÂÀ áðÌÈØæÄÍÀá ÓÀæÈÄ ËÉÆÉ _ ØÉËÉÌÂÄÍÏË

ËÀÙÄÛÂÉÈÄ. ÀËÉÓ ËÉØæÈÄÒ ÃÄÌÄ áðÛáÄÍÀ, ÌÄÂàÄ ËÉÌÀÒÂæ ËéÌðÒ ÓðàÉÒÏ. ÀËÉ ËÄÛÂæÉÒÃ ÄÜØÀÓ ÃÄÌÄÂ áðÁÑÄÍÀá.

`Zvelad svaneTSi da dalis xeobaSi (`dalSi") sCveodaT Crdi-lo kavkasiaSi (`saveT-s-ken") wasvla _ saqonlis (`suldgmulis") wa-sarTmevad. amas qurdoba ar erqva (`rqmevia"), didi (`gamZle") moxer-xeba Kofila sayiro. es sircxvilad maSin ar iTvleboda."

es ar iKo KaCaGoba, iq wasvla da saqonlis gadmoKvana vajkaco-bas niSnavda, `ËÀÙÄÛÂÉÈÄ mxolod rCeuli vajkacebi dadiodnen." es tradiciulad saqarTvelos mTisTvis iKo damaxasiaTebeli.

saqonlis Tu sxva simdidris wasarTmevad wasvla samamaco sa-qmed moCans `svanuri poeziis" nimuSebSi, aq uamrav magaliTs Sexvde-biT im gmirebis qeba-didebisa, romlebic Crdilo kavkasiaSi am miz-niT gadadiodnen. unda SevniSnoT, rom aq gasakviri araferia. Sua da gvian SuasaukuneebSi e. w. `mekobreoba~ samamaco zned iTvleboda mTels dasavleT evropaSic, metic es raindisTvis aucilebel maxasi-aTebels warmoadgenda.

sainteresoa, rom `wasarTmevad" anu `samekobreod" saqarTve-los sxva kuTxeebSi wasvlis faqtebi ar fiqsirdeba xalxur poezia-Si. aq arcerTi SemTxvevac ar aris dadasturebuli imisa, rom vajka-cad da gmirad iKos moxseniebuli romelime mezobel qarTul kuTxe-Si wasarTmevad wasuli adamiani. Cveni azriT es aspeqti saintereso daskvnis safuZvels iZleva _ `wasarTmevad" wasvla, rasac ZiriTadad Crdilo kavkasiaSi hqonda adgili, mezobel, araqarTul kuTxeze ga-vlenisa da upiratesobis damKarebas isaxavda miznad.

Cveni TvalsazrisiT, sitKvebi `memememe----gobgobgobgob----arararar----iiii" > `memememe----kobkobkobkob----arararar----iiii" > `memememe----kobkobkobkob----rrrr----eeee" erTi da imave fuZidanaa wamomdgari, rac kavSirs, erTad


131

Kofnas niSnavda (Sdr. xevs. `me-kop-ar-i"), amas kargad adasturebs svanuri masalac `ÊÏÐðÒ" _ Gilebi, anu erTmaneTTan Sekvra.

amdenad, is uZvelesi plasti, roca CrdilokavkasiaSi saqonlis wasarTmevad wasvla vajkacobas niSnavda, mTel saqarTvelos mTianeT-sa da dalis xeobaSic dasturdeba.

kodorel mcxovrebTa KofaSi, saanalizo teqstebis mixedviT, aseve dadasturda garkveuli gansxvaveba danarCen svaneTTan mimarTe-baSi, rac cxadia, megrelebTan da afxazebTan axlo mezoblobiT aris gamowveuli. es gansxvaveba ZiriTadad, sameurneo KofasTan da-kavSirebiT SeimCneva.

pirvel rigSi, Cveni azriG, es gamoixateba mTxroblis mier sa-kuTari garemomcveli, ekologiuri samKaros SefasebaSi. is miuTi-Tebs:

ÀÌÑÉ ÂÀÒ ÌÉáÀ É ÌÀÁÑÀ, ÄÒÄ ÌÉÛÂÖ ÓÏ×ÄËÈÀÍ äÀÄÒ ÃÄÌÄ ðÒÉ. ÀÌÄ ÖÛáæêÒ áêÒ ËÖÐÖÒÔìÍÄ ËÀáæðÛ, àÀËÉÛ, ËÄÂÂéÁìÛ É ÞÖÙæÀÍÄÛ ÍÀäðæ äÀÄÒðË.

àse vici da mgonia, rom Cemi soflisTana haeri arsad aris. aq erTmaneTsaa Sereuli mTis, mdinaris (`yalis"), fiyvnaris da zGvi-dan monaberi (`monaGwevi") haeri (`haerebi")."

gansxvaveba dasturdeba agreTve sameurneo KofaSic; aq warmo-dgenilia Kvelis damuSavebisa da Senaxvis sxvadasxva wesebi; Kvelis Sebolva svaneTisTvis ar iKo damaxasiaTebeli, dalis xeobaSi ki es wesi gavrcelebuli Cans. rac Seexeba axali Kvelisa da `waqas" sa-mkurnalod gamoKenebas, es zemo svaneTSic dasturdeba.

gansakuTrebiT aGsaniSnavia informacia, romelsac Seicaven da-lis xeobis mcxovreblebTan Cawerili teqstebi; esaa svanebisa da afxazebis urTierTobasTan dakavSirebuli sakiTxebi.

gasakviri ar aris, rom am teqstebSi mxolod kargi urTierTo-baa asaxuli. Cans, rogor xSiria naTesauri kavSirebi svanebsa da afxazebs Soris; maT kargi samezoblo urTierTobebi aqvT. erTmane-Tis gareSe purs ar yamen. mTxrobels miTiTebuli aqvs isic, rom afxazi axalgazrdebi maT oJaxSi Goris dakvlisas aucilebeli stum-rebi iKvnen, oGond isini sTxovdnen, ar gaemxilaT ufrosebTan, rom maT Goris xorci Seyames.

erTi saintereso faqtia aGwerili mTxroblis mier: afxazebma qorwilis gadaxda Cveneburad daiwKes, TeTri fatiT morTes sapa-tarZlo, manamde ki patarZals Sav nayers Camoafarebdnen xolme Tav-ze da kuTxeSi mimalavdneno.


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msgavseba Cans svanebsa da afxazebs Soris garkveul dGeebSi sa-xlidan nivTisa Tu saymelis ar gacemis wesSi. mTxrobeli aGniSnavs, rom es oJaxi, romelsac futkari hKavda, orSabaT dGes araviTar Se-mTxvevaSi ar gascemda oJaxidan arafers; aseve sCveviaT maTTan mcxov-reb afxazebs, romelnic orSabaTs arafers ar gamogatandnen saxli-dan. ukidures SemTxvevaSi, sanacvlod unda migetana raime Zvirfasi nivTi. aseTi wesi dasturdeba danarCen svaneTSic. mag: akrZalul dGeebSi Tu mawvnis deda dagyirdeboda da mezobels gamoarTmevdi, sanacvlod aucileblad unda migetana imave odenobis rZe, rac bara-qis oJaxSi darCenas niSnavda.

amrigad, kodoris (resp. dalis) xeobidan iZulebiT gadaadgi-lebul pirebTan Cawerili masala fasdaudebelia eTnolingvisturi da eTnografiuli TvalsazrisiTac.

literaturaliteraturaliteraturaliteratura ioseliani ioseliani ioseliani ioseliani 2005200520052005 _ x. ioseliani, stumarmaspinZlobis tradicia

svaneTSi, Tb., 2005, 149.

Rusudan Ioseliani

Ethnolinguistic commentaries of Kodori (resp. Dali) gorge

S u m m a r y

The texts recorded in the population compulsory moved from Dali gorge to

Lower Karti are noteworthy not only from linguistic, but from ethnolingustic view-point. Interesting data of life, culture and, customs of the population of Dali gorge and its relation with neighbouring regions is preserved in these materials.

According to the viewpoint existing in the special literature, the Kartvelian tribes lived on the territory of Abkhazia from the ancient time, the remembrance rf which is well preserved in the historical memory of present population, which is at-tested by the corresponding toponyms. According to narrators, Dali was a living pla-


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ce of Svan from old times, owning to what it is called `d�lia t…ibd�lia t…ibd�lia t…ibd�lia t…ib~ _ "Gorge of Dali".

Similarities and differences of wedding and mourning custons and traditions among the population of Dali gorge and other Svanian one are well manifested in the mentioned material.

Relation between the population of Dali gorge and Abkhazians is especially noteworthy. As it is shown from the mentioned material, as a result of long-time uni-tied live, some influenes took place, which are also reflected in wedding and mour-ning customs and traditions.


cicino kvantalianicicino kvantalianicicino kvantalianicicino kvantaliani

isev termin kaTalikosis Taobaze

am sakiTxis irgvliv Zalian bevri dawerila da albaT kidev

bevri daiwereba. am terminiT Cveni daintereseba gamoiwvia bolo wlebSi qarTul presasa Tu sasuliero gamocemebSi am formis dawe-rilobis aGrevam: iwereba rogorc kakakakaTaTaTaTalilililikokokokosisisisi, aseve kakakakaToToToTolilililikoskoskoskos forma.

saKuradGeboa, rom Tanamedrove qarTuli saliteraturo enis normiT sworia da unda iwerebodes kakakakaTaTaTaTalilililikoskoskoskos forma (Tofuria, gigineiSvili, 1998, 311).

ver vitKviT, rom dGes kakakakaToToToTolilililikoskoskoskos forma gabatonebulia an didi sixSiriT gamoiKeneba, magram aSkaraa misi damkvidrebis mcde-loba. amas xsnian kakakakaToToToTolilililikoskoskoskos da kakakakaToToToTolilililikekekeke formebis igiveobiT. mi-aCniaT, rom es ori forma Tu erTi warmomavlobisaa, unda iwerebo-des oooo xmovani da ara ---- a a a a. amitom sworia kakakakaTTTToooolilililikokokokosisisisi.

samecniero literaturaSi kakakakaTaTaTaTalilililikokokokosissississis Sesaxeb msJelobisas aaaa /oooo xmovanTa monacvleobaze KuradGeba ar aris gamaxvilebuli. qar-TulSi kakakakaToToToTolilililikekekeke forma, ra Tqma unda, Semosulia Tavdapirveli mniSvnelobiT.

sulxan-saba orbelianis ganmartebiT kakakakaToToToTolilililikekekeke niSnavs: `saKovelTao, gina sazogado, udidesi da udidebulesi, saerTo Kve-lasaTvis~ (orbeliani, 1991, 346).

kakakakaTaTaTaTalilililikokokokosisisisi qegl-is ganmartebiT miCneulia berZnul nasesxo-bad da ganmartebulia rogorc `qarTul, (agreTve) somxur eklesia-Si sasuliero piris (patriarqis) wodebuleba~ (qegl-I, 1986, 258). e.i. kakakakaTaTaTaTalilililikkkkoooosisisisi aGmosavleTis eklesiis mGvdelmTavarTa titulia. cnobilia, rom am eklesiebma avtokefalia (damoukidebloba) antio-qiis eklesiisagan miiGes.

ra xmovani iKo fuZeSi: aaaa Tu oooo? amis Sesaxeb umetesad samecni-ero literaturaSi araferia naTqvami. imdenad aSkaraa am sitKvebis saerTo warmomavloba, rom masze KuradGebas arc amaxvileben, mxo-


135

lod aris informacia kakakakaToToToTolilililikekekeke, , , , kakakakaTaTaTaTalilililikoskoskoskos formebis berZnuli-dan nasesxobis, ----osososos daboloebis Sesaxeb(ix. danelia, 1983,67; sarJve-laZe,1997, 191; SaniZe, 1997,56; JorbenaZe,1997,56).

kakakakaTaTaTaTalilililikozkozkozkoz formas werda iv. JavaxiSvili: `kakakakaTaTaTaTalilililikokokokozizizizi episko-posTa mTavari iKo da saqarTvelos eklesiis uzenaesi, gamge da meu-fe~ (JavaxiSvili,1984, 17). `Tu winaT qarTvelTa eklesiis mamamTava-ri martivad `qarTlis kakakakaTaTaTaTalilililikokokokozadzadzadzad da mTavarepiskoposad iwodebo-da, meTerTmete saukunis damdegs igi `qarTlis kakakakaTaTaTaTalilililikozkozkozkoz-patpatpatpatririririarararar----qisqisqisqis~ saxels atarebda~ (iqve,18).

sainteresoa, rogori viTareba iKo istoriulad? erTi Sexed-viT TiTqos Cans, rom uZvelesi forma iKo kakakakaToToToTolilililikkkkoooosisisisi da mere, axal qarTulSi gaCnda paraleluri _ kakakakaTaTaTaTalilililikokokokosisisisi, magram sinamdvi-le sul sxva aGmoCnda.

Cven SevecadeT es sakiTxi Segveswavla sasuliero da saero mwerlobis nimuSebiT, magram es sakmarisad ar miviCnieT da Seviswav-leT saistorio Txzulebebic.

aGmoCnda, rom uZveles ZeglebSi Tavidanve damkvidrda kakakakaTaTaTaTa----lilililikoskoskoskos forma. Zveli qarTuli ZiriTadad cnobs mxolod aaaa----Ti ga-formebul termin kakakakaTaTaTaTalilililikosskosskosskoss.

kakakakaTaTaTaTalilililikozkozkozkoz forma aris gamoKenebuli ucnobi avtoris Txzule-ba èvstaTi mcxeTelis wamebaSi~: `rajams amxedrdeboda marzapani igi, aGdges mTavarni qarTlisani da samoel qarTlisa kakakakaTaTaTaTalilililikokokokozizizizi da grigol qarTlisa mamasaxlisi da arSuSa qarTlis pitiaxSi da sxvani sefewulni~ (qarTuli mwerloba, 1987,256).

kakakakaTaTaTaTalilililikoz koz koz koz formas iKenebs ioane sabanisZe àbos wamebaSi~: `me, samoel qristes mier qarTlisa kakakakaTaTaTaTalilililikokokokozizizizi, , , , ufalsa iovanes sabanis Zesa, sulierad Svilsa wmidisa kaTolike eklesiisasa da saKvarelsa Cvensa, locviT uflisa mier mogikiTxav~ (qarTuli mwerloba, I,1987,441).

giorgi merCule `grigol xanZTelis cxovrebaSi~ iKenebs kakakakaTaTaTaTa----lilililikozkozkozkoz/ / / / kaTalikoskaTalikoskaTalikoskaTalikos formas:~da sanatreli ese arseni kakakakaTaTaTaTalilililikokokokozi zi zi zi da efrem episkoposi movidian xilvad moZGvrisa Tvisisa mamisa grigo-lisasa. aramed Zveli xanZTisa eklesia� arsen kakakakaTaTaTaTalilililikoskoskoskosmanmanmanman akurTxa~ (qarTuli mwerloba,1987,590).

giorgi mTawmindeli ìovanes da efTvimes cxovrebaSi~ kakakakaTaTaTaTalililili----kozkozkozkoz formas iKenebs: `mas dGesa Sina iKo vinme kakakakaTaTaTaTalilililikokokokozizizizi Tesalo-nikes, saGmrTo� da sulieri megobari mamaTa CvenTa�~ (qarTuli mwerloba, II,1987,29).

c . k v a n t a l i a n i

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kakakakaToToToTolilililikos kos kos kos forma dasturdeba mxolod daviT aGmaSeneblis anderZSi (1125w.) da ruis-urbnisis ZeglisweraSi (1105w.). daviT aGmaSeneblis anderZi: `gibrZanebs da mogaxsenebs mefeTa mefe daviT dGeTa Sina sikvdilisa da soflis gansvlisa Cem mier, undoisa da uGirsisa, mlocvelisa maTisa berisa piriTa, Tqven KovelTa dide-bulTa da warCinebulTa samefoisa misisaiTa kakakakaToToToTolilililikoskoskoskosTaTaTaTa, episko-posTa, erisTavTa da KovelTa SewKalebulTa~ (qarTuli mwerloba, II, 1987w. 213).

Zegliswera: `kakakakaToToToTolilililikokokokosisisisisa sa sa sa da episkoposTagan xorepiskoposi sJulisa da saGmrToTa wignTa mecnieri gamoirCeoda mGvdeli anu diakoni arsen iKalToeli (qarTuli mwerloba, II, 1987,w.).

kakakakaToToToTolilililikos kos kos kos formis gamoKenebis mxolod es ori gamonaklisi gvxvdeba. orive erT epoqas ekuTvnis. SemdgomSi mxolod anton kaTa-likosi werda kakakakaToToToTolilililikos kos kos kos formas da misi gavleniT aqa-iq gamoCnde-boda paraleluri daweriloba.

saistorio TxzulebebSic TiTqmis Kvelgan dasturdeba kakakakaTaTaTaTa----lilililikokokokosisisisi an kakakakaTaTaTaTalilililikoz koz koz koz forma.

JuanSeri: `da antioqielma patriarqman akurTxna Tormetni episkoposni da petre kakakakaTaTaTaTalilililikokokokosadsadsadsad~(qarTlis cxovreba, 1955, 198).

mokvda kakakakaTaTaTaTalilililikokokokossssiiii evlavioz da manve mefeman dasua kakakakaTaTaTaTalilililikokokoko----ssssiiii makari (qarTlis cxovreba, 1955, 235). makari kaTalikosi iKo VI saukunis moGvawe.

XI saukunis istorikosi sumbat daviTis-Ze wers kakakakaTaTaTaTalilililikos kos kos kos formas: `mas jamsa kakakakaTaTaTaTalilililikokokokosi si si si iKo mcxeTas samoel~ (qarTlis cxov-reba, 1955, 347).

basili ezosmoZGvari, `cxovreba mefeT-mefisa Tamarisi~: ` da mefe Tamari moiqca samcxes. da movida oZraxes. da moicala locvad da marxvad da iKo winaSe missa Teodore, qarTlisa kakakakaTaTaTaTalilililikokokokosisisisi, ka-ci wminda da saxieri~(qarTuli mwerloba, 1988, 400).

daviT aGmaSeneblis istorikosi: `gardaicvala kakakakaTaTaTaTalilililikokokokozi zi zi zi ga-briel safareli da daJda kkkkaaaaTaTaTaTalilililikokokokozad zad zad zad ioane~ (qarTlis cxovreba, 1955, 326).

ìstoria da azmani SaravandedTani~: `pirvelad gardacvaleba-sa qarTlisa kakakakaTaTaTaTalilililikokokokosisisisissssaaaa, yKondidelisa da mwignobarT-uxucesisa miqael mirianis Zisa... brZana damtkicebad yKondidlad da mwigno-barT-uxucesad da vazirad antoni, gazrdili mamisa maTisa~ (qar-Tlis cxovreba, 1959, 32).

leonti mroveli, `matiane qarTlisa~: `maSin wariKvanes igi (Teodosi) ficiTa da simtkiciTa, romliTa efucnes winaSe suetsa


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cxovelsa kakakakaTaTaTaTalilililikokokokosisisisi, mGvdel-moZGvarni da didebulni Kovelni~ (qarTlis cxovreba, 1955, 271).

jamTaaGmwereli kakakakaTaTaTaTalilililikoskoskoskos formas adasturebs: àmiT gansue-nebasa Sina mKofman (laSa giorgim) ara ineba qorwineba colisa. amisTvis Sekrbes kakakakaTaTaTaTalilililikoskoskoskosnininini, episkoposni da vazirni~(qarTlis cxovreba, 1959, 156).

axali qarTlis cxovreba, I teqsti: beri egnataSvili iKenebs kakakakaTaTaTaTalilililikozkozkozkoz formas: `da iKo kakakakaTaTaTaTalilililikokokokozizizizi elioz da miicvala kakakakaTaTaTaTa----lilililikokokokozizizizi elioz da daJda mis wil kakakakaTaTaTaTalilililikokokokozizizizi giorgi~ (qarTlis cxovreba, 1959, 351).

axali qarTlis cxovreba, II teqsti: `da mokuda kakakakaTaTaTaTalilililikokokokozizizizi Teodore da daJda kakakakaTaTaTaTalilililikokokokozizizizi Sio~ (qarTlis cxovreba, 1959, 473).

axali qarTlis cxovreba, III teqsti: `jamsa amas Jda kakakakaTaTaTaTalilililikokokoko----zizizizi melqisedek, Zma mefisa daviTisa~ (qarTlis cxovreba, 1959, 493).

vaxuSti, aGwera samefosa saqarTvelosa: àm miqels sweren qar-Tlis eklesiis mematianeni kakakakaTaTaTaTalilililikokokokozadzadzadzad~ (qarTlis cxovreba, 1973, 101).

`mxilvelni didebulni, kakakakaTaTaTaTalilililikozkozkozkoznininini, episkopozni etKodnen (laSa-giorgis) ara-Kofad esreT~ (qarTlis cxovreba, 1973, 198).

rogorc vnaxeT, Kvelgan aris kakakakaTaTaTaTalilililikokokokosisisisi forma. es tradicia gagrZelda mogviano xanis ZeglebSic. istorikosebi Tu mwerlebi er-Txmad werdnen kakakakaTaTaTaTalilililikoskoskoskos an kakakakaTaTaTaTalilililikozkozkozkoz formas. KvelasaTvis nacno-bia da Kvelas axsovs akaki wereTlis `Tornike erisTavi~:

`Sedi martoa kakakakaTaTaTaTalilililikokokokosisisisi, nu egulebi iq did krebasa~.

konstantine gamsaxurdiac ki, romelic cdilobda Zveli for-mebi aGedgina, iKenebda kakakakaTaTaTaTalilililikoskoskoskos formas, radgan Zveli qarTuli kakakakaToToToTolilililikoskoskoskos formas faqtobrivad ar icnobs.

ra moxda, ratom Semovida qarTulSi es sitKva aaaa xmovniT, ga-urkvevelia. faqti erTia, kakakakaToToToTolilililikoskoskoskos formis nacvlad, Tavidanve da-mkvidrda kakakakaTaTaTaTalilililikokokokosisisisi. iqneb enam gaaqarTula, qarTulisaTvis ufro bunebrivi gaxada berZnuli sitKva? aseTi ram enaSi xdeba. iqneb ori oooo, fuZiseuli da mawarmoeblis, ver Tanaarsebobda? iqneb aaaa xmovan-mac Tavisi wvlili Seitana oooo-s nacvlad aaaa-s damkvidrebaSi? faqti erTia, uZveles ZeglebSi erTmaneTis gverdiT gamoiKeneboda kakakakaTaTaTaTalililili----kokokokosisisisi da kakakakaToToToTolilililikekekeke formebic (Sdr. zemoT damowmebuli àbos wame-ba~).


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Tu fuZiseuli aaaa xmovani imoqmedebda oooo xmovanze, maSin ratom ar Seicvala o ao ao ao a-d kakakakaToToToTolilililikekekeke formaSi? ufro safiqrebelia, rom si-fiqsiseulma oooo xmovanma ganapiroba es cvlileba. moxda disimilacia.

am ramdenime wlis win am sakiTxis irgvliv `literaturuli saqarTvelos~ furclebze gaimarTa erTgvari polemika. mweralma re-vaz JafariZem gamoaqveKna statia da Semdeg mas upasuxa Tamar mesxma.

revaz JafariZem kakakakaToToToTolilililikos kos kos kos formas àxalSemoGebuli saekle-sio termini~ uwoda da miiCnia, rom is `sruliad umarTebulod ix-mareba, radgan mas arc xalxuri tradicia da arc istoriuli lite-ratura ar adasturebs~ (JafariZe, 1990). r. JafariZe miiCnevs, rom `qarTlis cxovrebis Tanaxmad, `Koveli drois saqarTveloSi, mas Sem-deg, rac misma marTlmadidebelma qarTulma erovnulma eklesiam av-tokefalia, anu damoukidebloba moipova, am eklesiis meTaurs, sa-yeTmpKrobels, kakakakaTaTaTaTalilililikokokokosisisisi, , , , kakakakaTaTaTaTalilililikoskoskoskos-patpatpatpatririririararararqiqiqiqi ewodeba da ara kaaaaToToToTolilililikokokokosisisisi da kakakakaToToToTolilililikoskoskoskos----patpatpatpatririririararararqiqiqiqi~~~~ (JafariZe, 1990).

Tamar mesxma, piriqiT, kakakakaToToToTolilililikoskoskoskos forma miiCnia upiratesad. man zedmiwevniT axsna am terminis warmomavloba: `termini `kakakakaToToToTolililili----kokokokosisisisi~ momdinareobs berZnuli sitKvidan, ufro zustad, samboloki-duriani zedsarTavi saxelidan _ `kakakakaToToToTolilililikoskoskoskos~, `kakakakaToToToTolilililikekekeke,,,,~~~~ `̀̀̀kakakakaToToToTo----lilililikonkonkonkon,~ rac niSnavs saKovelTaos, sazogados~ (mesxi, 1990). T. mesxi aGniSnavs, rom `berZnul enaSi Kovel zedsarTav saxels artiklis darTvis SemTxvevaSi aqvs arsebiTi saxelis funqcia. aqedan gamomdi-nare, ò kao kao kao kaToToToTolilililikoskoskoskos, anu kakakakaToToToTolilililikokokokosisisisi aris umTavresi aGmosavle-Tis avtokefalur eklesiaSi Semaval mGvdelmTavrebs Soris, am ek-lesiis meTauri~ (mesxi, 1990).

T. mesxis azriT, `termin kakakakaToToToTolilililikokokokosissississis xSiri xmareba da er-Tgvari damkvidrebac ki am bolo dros... aris swori formis aGdge-na.~ is miiCnevs, rom forma kakakakaTaTaTaTalilililikokokokosisisisi fonetikuri asimilaciis Se-degia. uZveles xelnawerebSi ki orive forma gamoiKeneboda. misi va-raudiT, es ukavSirdeba qristianobis aGmosavleTisa da dasavleTis, anu marTlmadidebel da kaTolikur eklesiebad (1054w.) gaTiSvas. amis Semdeg mieniya upiratesoba kakakakaTaTaTaTalilililikoskoskoskos formas, rom Tavidan ae-cilebinaT kakakakaToToToTolilililikokokokosissississis kakakakaToToToTolilililikeskeskeskesTanTanTanTan msgavsebiT gamowveuli gau-gebroba. rac Seexeba r. JafariZis mier damowmebul `qarTlis cxov-rebas~, misi uZvelesi xelnawerebi XV-XVIII saukuneebs ganekuTvneba (mesxi, 1990).

T. mesxis azriT, `swori forma gaxlavT kakakakaToToToTolilililikokokokosisisisi,,,, magram kakakakaTaTaTaTalilililikoskoskoskos dawerilobas CvenSi iseTi dadi tradicia aqvs, rom isic inarCunebs arsebobis uflebas~ (mesxi, 1990).


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vfiqrobT, rom kaTalikos forma araTu inarCunebs arsebobis uflebas, aramed qarTuli sinamdvilisaTvis ufro swori formaa. berZnuli daweriloba rom kakakakaToToToTolilililikokokokosiasiasiasia,,,, ar niSnavs imas, rom qar-TulSic maincdamainc zustad iseTive daweriloba unda Semosu-liKo. arcTu iSviaTia iseTi SemTxvevebi, rom berZnuli daweriloba qarTulSi sxvagvarad mkvidrdeba. amis magaliTia fresfresfresfreskokokoko,,,, romelic qarTulSi fresfresfresfreskadkadkadkad damkvidrda, fsalfsalfsalfsalmomomomonininini, romelic CvenSi fsalfsalfsalfsalmumumumu----nisnisnisnis saxiT Semovida. neli maxaraZis azriT, `fsalmuni imdenad daka-nonebuli formaa qarTulSi, rom berZnulis SesatKvisi swori for-ma zogJer Secdomad miiCneva mkvlevarTa mier~ (maxaraZe, 1978, 16).

n. maxaraZe miuTiTebs, rom `fsalmon fuZis es sitKva aqa-iq ma-Sinac gvxvdeba qarTul ZeglebSi~ (iqve).

zustad aseve SeiZleba iTqvas kakakakaToToToTolilililikokokokosissississis Sesaxebac. kakakakaToToToTolililili----koskoskoskos forma namdvilad àqa-iq~ gvxvdeba qarTul ZeglebSi. imis gamo, rom sworia berZnuli fsalfsalfsalfsalmonmonmonmon forma, xom aravis mouva azrad ca-dos da Secvalos dakanonebuli, tradiciuli fsalfsalfsalfsalmunmunmunmun forma. aseve dakanonebulia qarTulSi kakakakaTaTaTaTalilililikoskoskoskos formac.

saeyvod gveCveneba, rom kkkkaaaaTaTaTaTalilililikoskoskoskos formis damkvidreba ukav-Sirdebodes qristianuli eklesiis marTlmadidebel da kaTolikur eklesiebad gaTiSvas. Tuki `kakakakaToToToTolilililikokokokosis kasis kasis kasis kaToToToTolilililikeskeskeskesTanTanTanTan esodeni msgavsebiT warmoqmnili gaugebrobis~ Tavidan asacileblad gaCnda kakakakaTaTaTaTalilililikoskoskoskos forma, ratom ar Seicvala TviTon kakakakaToToToTolilililike ke ke ke forma, ro-melic met gaugebrobas qmnis. `mrwamsSi~ xom pirdapir weria: èrTi, wmida kakakakaToToToTolilililikekekeke samociqulo eklesia?~

gaugebrobas am sakiTxSi gaucnobierebeli adamianisaTvis kakakakaToToToTo----lilililikekekeke forma ufro qmnis. Tu es cvlileba XI saukunidan moxda, swo-ri iqneboda kakakakaToToToTolilililikekekeke SecvliliKo da ara _ kakakakaToToToTolilililikokokokosisisisi. Tanac kakakakaTaTaTaTalilililikoskoskoskos forma xom mxolod `qarTlis cxovrebis~ xelnawerebSi ar aris? rogorc zemoT vnaxeT, uZvelesi sasuliero literaturac am formas adasturebs. marTlac, safiqrebelia, rom Tavidanve, roca qarTulma eklesiam damoukidebloba miiGo da kakakakaTaTaTaTalilililikokokokosisisisi daJda qarTlSi, eklesiis meTaurs kakakakaTaTaTaTalilililikokokokosisisisi ewoda (ix. r. JafariZe).

zemoT damowmebuli masalidan gamomdinare, SegviZlia vTqvaT, rom realuri suraTi aseTia: Seswavlilma wKaroebma aCvena, rom Zvel qarTulSic da, ra Tqma unda, axal qarTulSic norma iKo kakakaka----TaTaTaTalilililikokokokosisisisi. vfiqrobT, unda SenarCundes es tradicia. xelovnurad xeli ar unda SevuSaloT mis arsebobas da ZaldatanebiT ar unda vecadoT kakakakaToToToTolilililikoskoskoskos formis damkvidrebas. Tu ena daamkvidrebs para-lelur formebs, amas xels ver SevuSliT. aqedan gamomdinare,


140

vfiqrobT, kakakakaToToToTolilililikoskoskoskos formasac aqvs arsebobis ufleba da normi-Tac da tradiciiT dadgenili kakakakaTaTaTaTalilililikoskoskoskos formis gverdiT SeiZleba paralelurad misi gamoKenebac.

lilililiteteteterarararatutututurararara dadadadanenenenelialialialia,,,, 1111983983983983 _ k. danelia, qarTuli samwerlobo enis isto-

riis sakiTxebi, Tb. 1983. ToToToTofufufufuriariariaria, , , , gigigigigigigigineneneneiSiSiSiSvivivivilililili,,,,1998199819981998 _ v.Tofuria, iv. gigineiSvili,

qarTuli enis orTografiuli leqsikoni, Tb., 1998. mamamamaxaxaxaxararararaZeZeZeZe, , , , 1978197819781978 _ n. maxaraZe, bizantiuri berZnulis warmo-

Tqmis sakiTxebi, Tb. 1978. memememesxisxisxisxi, , , , 1990199019901990 _ T. mesxi, `kaTolikosi~, literaturuli saqar-

Tvelo, 1990., #22, 1 ivnisi. ororororbebebebelilililiaaaanininini, , , , 1991199119911991 _ sulxan-saba orbeliani, leqsikoni qarTu-

li, I, Tb. 1991. sasasasarJverJverJverJvellllaaaaZeZeZeZe, , , , 1984198419841984 _ z. sarJvelaZe, qarTuli saliteraturo

enis istoriis Sesavali, Tb., 1984. qeglqeglqeglqegl----iiii, , , , 1986198619861986 _ qarTuli enis ganmartebiTi leqsikoni, er-

Ttomeuli, Tb., 1986. SaSaSaSaninininiZeZeZeZe, , , , 1972197219721972 _ ak. SaniZe, etlTa da SvidTa mnaTobTaTvis,

Tb. 1972. JaJaJaJavavavavaxiSxiSxiSxiSvivivivilililili, , , , 1984198419841984 _ i. JavaxiSvili, Txzulebani, t. VII, Tb.

1984. JaJaJaJafafafafaririririZeZeZeZe, , , , 1990199019901990 _ r. JafariZe, `kaTolikosi~ Tu `kaTaliko-

si?~, literaturuli saqarTvelo, 1990., # VII, 16 Tebervali. JorJorJorJorbebebebenanananaZeZeZeZe,,,,1997199719971997 _ b. JorbenaZe, ena da kultura, Tb. 1997. wKaroebiwKaroebiwKaroebiwKaroebi qarTlis cxovrebaqarTlis cxovrebaqarTlis cxovrebaqarTlis cxovreba,,,,1955195519551955 _ qarTlis cxovreba, I, Tb., 1955. qarTlis cxovrebaqarTlis cxovrebaqarTlis cxovrebaqarTlis cxovreba, , , , 1959195919591959 _ qarTlis cxovreba, II, Tb., 1959. qarTlis cxovrebaqarTlis cxovrebaqarTlis cxovrebaqarTlis cxovreba, , , , 1973197319731973 _ qarTlis cxovreba, IV, Tb., 1973. qarTuli mwerlobaqarTuli mwerlobaqarTuli mwerlobaqarTuli mwerloba,,,,1987198719871987 _ qarTuli mwerloba, II, Tb., 1987. Cveni saunJeCveni saunJeCveni saunJeCveni saunJe, , , , 1960196019601960 _ Cveni saunJe, VII, Tb., 1960.


141

Tsitsino Kvantaliani

Agin Towards the Issue on a Term ḳḳḳḳataliḳḳḳḳos

S u m m a r y

The mixed spelling forms of ḳḳḳḳataliḳḳḳḳos _ _ _ _ ḳḳḳḳataliḳḳḳḳos and ḳḳḳḳatoliḳḳḳḳos are found in a Georgian press as well as in ecclesiastical publishing.

We studied this issue on the material of ecclesiastical and secular writings. Historical works are also analized.

It was proved, that from the beginning a form ḳḳḳḳataliḳḳḳḳos was rooted in the ancient monuments, which was borrowed from Greece and was formed from an adjective with three suffixes – ḳḳḳḳatoliḳḳḳḳos, ḳḳḳḳatoliḳḳḳḳ, ḳḳḳḳatoliḳḳḳḳon with the meaning of “universal” (T. Meskhi).

But this borrowing from Greece form was rooted in Georgian as ḳḳḳḳataliḳḳḳḳos. What it occured? Why this word gained vocalism with a sound a? If a vowel

could influence on o, then why o was not changed into a in the form ḳḳḳḳatoliḳḳḳḳ? We suppose, that this alternation is conditioned by a suffixal vowel o. In the present case dissimilation took place.

The analysed sources showed, that in Old- and, naturally in New Georgian ḳḳḳḳataliḳḳḳḳos was a standard form. If two parallel forms were fixed in a language, we can not prevent this process. Therefore, using of the forms ḳḳḳḳataliḳḳḳḳos and ḳḳḳḳatoliḳḳḳḳos is admitted.


qeqeqeqeTeTeTeTevan marvan marvan marvan margigigigiaaaanininini----susususubabababariririri

mirTva da Tandebuliani formebi kodorisa da

enguris xeobaTa svanurSi

mirTva srulmniSvnelovan sitKvaTa iseTi SekavSirebaa winada-

debaSi, roca `wamKvani sitKva damokidebuls Sinaarsobliv ikavSi-rebs ise, rom amas raime gramatikuli gamoxatuleba ar axlavs~ (kva-yaZe 1966: 22).

xSirad rTulia zGvris dadeba marTvasa da mirTvas Soris, gansakuTrebiT Tandebuliani formisa da moqmedebiTi brunvis Se-mTxvevaSi; `mokla TofiT~, `wavida fexiT~ tipis formebSi Tu da-vuSvebT, rom mxolod es brunvaa SesaZlebeli, maSin marTvaa, magram, radgan cnobilia, rom erTpiriani zmna marTvis unaris gareSea, mo-cemul magaliTebSi mirTva daiSveba-~o _ aGniSnavs v. Tofuria. Tan-debuliani brunva idiomatur gamoTqmaSi `xelSi aqvs~ SeiZleba Se-icvalos formiT `xelT aqvs~. aqedan gamomdinare, `qarTulSi mar-Tulia zmnizeda da Tandebuliani saxeli Kvela SemTxvevaSi, mimrTve-li ki, uwinares Kovlisa, zmna (Semasmeneli) da nazmnari saxeli (iq-neba is gansazGvreba Tu winadadebis sxva wevri~ (Tofuria 2002: 277-278).

v. Tofurias azriT, `svanuri da qarTuli TiTqmis ar gansxvav-debian erTmaneTisagan sintaqsur sakiTxebSi~ (Tofuria 2002: 254). principuli gansxvaveba arc mirTvis SemTxvevaSia, Tumca SeimCneva, rom winadadebis wevrTa Soris Sinaarsoblivi kavSirisaTvis svanurs ufro meti SesaZleblobebi aqvs, vidre Tanamedrove saliteraturo qarTuls, rac, ZiriTadad, mirTul sitKvaTa mravalferovnebas ukav-Sirdeba.

svanur enaSi, sxva qarTvelur enaTa msgavsad, gvaqvs pirveladi da nawarmoebi zmnizedebi, romlebic winadadebaSi, ZiriTadad, gare-moebebad gvevlinebian da mierTvian zmnas an nazmnar saxels.

pirvelad zmnizedebSi tradiciulad vgulisxmobT iseT leqse-

mirTva da Tandebuliani formebi kodorisa da...

143

mebs, sadac Zireul da afiqsur morfemaTa gamoKofa SeuZlebelia. aseTebi SedarebiT mcirea: ÁêÆÉ àmaGam~, ÌéáðÒ `xval~, ØðÌ `gareT~, ÖÛÃÉË1 `farulad, malulad~ da a. S.

\aGniSnuli Jgufis zmnizedebi Cvens xelT arsebul masalaSi mxolod drois, adgilisa da viTarebis garemoebebad dadasturda; rogorc Cans, maT ara aqvT an naklebad aqvT moqmedebis miznisa Tu mizezis gamoxatvis unari, rasac, ZiriTadad, brunvis niSani an Tan-debuli iGebs Tavis Tavze:

ÌéáðÒ ËÉ×ÀÍÄÓ ÉÜÏá _ `áÅÀË ÓÀÊÖÒÈáÓ (ÃÀ-×ÄÍ-ÀÓ) ÀÊÄÈÄÁÄÍ~; ØðÌ ÂÖÍ ÖÜáÀ _ `ÂÀÒÄÈ ÞÀËÉÀÍ ßÅÉÌÃÀ~; ÓÂÉÌÈÄØÀ âÄÃÍÉæ ÈÖÒÌÄ ËÄÍÀ É ÀÌÄÜÖ ÉßÄÃÖÒÀËá ÖÛÃÉË ãÉ É

ÌÉÜÀ ÃÉ _ `ÌÑÀÅÄ ßÚÀËÈÀÍ ÂÀÌÏÃÉÏÃÀ ÈÖÒÌÄ ËÄÍÀ ÃÀ ÉØ ÍÀáÖËÏÁÃÍÄÍ ÄÒÈÌÀÍÄÈÓ ÌÀËÖËÀÃ ÈÅÉÈÏÍ ÃÀ ÃÄÃÀÌÉÓÉ~.

SedarebiT mravalricxovania meore Jgufi, sadac gaerTianebu-lia brunvaSi gaqvavebuli zmnizedebi, Tandebuliani formebi da `sa-kuTriv zmnizedaTa mawarmoebelafiqsianebi~ (oniani 1998: 276).

brunvaTagan gamoKenebulia: micemiTi _ ÄÜØÀ-Ó `ÌÀÛÉÍ~: ÄÜØÀÓ (< Ä-ã-ÛÀ-Ó) ÊËÀÓÓ ÏáÁÉÍ ËÉÛÃðÁ

_ `ÌÀÛÉÍ ÓÊÏËÀÛÉ(`ÊËÀÓ-Ó~) ÃÀÅÉßÚÄ ÌÖÛÀÏÁÀ~; ÍÄÁÏÆ-Ó `ÓÀÙÀÌÏÓ~: ÙÖÍðÒ ÍÄÁÏÆÓ ÃÄÌÄÂ ÀÍÙÒÉá ÓÂÀ _ áÁÏÄÁÉ

ÓÀÙÀÌÏÓ ÀÒ (ÛÄ)ÁÒÖÍÃÄÁÉÀÍ~; ÍÀÂÆ-À `ÊÅÉÒÀÓ~: À×áÆðÒÓ ËÉËàðË ÄÜÑÉ áðÌÈØæÀá, ÄÒÄ ÌÈÄËÉ

ÍÀÂÆÀ ÊÉËÉá _ `À×áÀÆÄÁÓ ÉÓÄÈÉ (`ÉÓÄ") ÊÉÅÉËÉ ÓÜÅÄÅÉÀÈ, ÒÏÌ ÌÈÄË ÊÅÉÒÀÓ ÊÉÅÉÀÍ~.

viTarebiTi _ ãæÉÍÀË-Ã `ÞÅÄËÀÃ~: ãæÉÍÀËÃ ×ÄÒÌÀ áðÚÄÍÀá ÀÌÄÜÖ ËÉÍÈæÉÓÂÀ _ ÞÅÄËÀÃ ×ÄÒÌÀ äÚÏËÉÀÈ ÀØ ÆÀÌÈÀÒÛÉ~;

ÖÒäÀ-Ã `ÖÈÄÍÉÀ~: áÏáæÒÀ ÌÖáæÁÄ Ñ’ÀÍïÂðÍ ÖÒäÀÃ _ `ÖÌÝÒÏÓÉ ÞÌÀ ÀÃÂÀ ÖÈÄÍÉÀ~;

ÙæÄÛÂÃ `ÖÊÀÍ~: ÏÓÈáÄÐ ÙæÄÛÂÃ, ØÏÒÈÄ _ ÛÄÔÒÉÀËÃÀ ÖÊÀÍ, ÓÀáËÉÓÊÄÍ~.

ÌÏÛÃ `ÓáÅÀÂÅÀÒÀÃ~: ÂæÀÍÃÒêËÄ ÒðÃÉÏ ÌÏÛÃ ÀÂÝáðÃÃÀ~ _ ÂÅÀÍÃÒÀËÄÁÉÓ ÒÀÃÉÏ ÓáÅÀÂÅÀÒÀÃ ÀÝáÀÃÄÁÃÀ~.

1 am zmnizedis pirveladoba saeyvod gveCveneba, SesaZloa SidSidSidSid zmnisagan nawarmoebi negatiuri mimGeoba iKos (Sid Sid Sid Sid `SeiZleba~, ufro metad ki àr ikrZaleba~; gamoiKeneba mxolod tabuirebasTan, rwmenasTan an crurwmenasTan dakavSirebul konteqstebSi). uSdil uSdil uSdil uSdil < < < < * * * * uuuu----SidSidSidSid----il il il il (i. CantlaZe -il il il il sufiqss namKo drois mimGeobis mawarmoebelad miiCnevs texenilatexenilatexenilatexenila, , , , sedenila sedenila sedenila sedenila tipis arqaul zmnebSi). Sdr. uuuu----SdSdSdSd----a a a a qali, romelsac garkveuli mizeziT ekrZaleba wminda adgilTan urTierToba; Zv. qarT. `krZalulad sivltola�~ _ gaparva...

q . m a r g i a n i - s u b a r i

144

ÀÓÄÅÄÀ: ÂæðÌÉ-Ã `ÞÀËÉÀÍ~ (`ÌÞÉÌÄÃ~), áÏËÀ-Ì-Ã `ÝÖÃÀÃ~, áÏÜÀ-Ì-Ã `ÊÀÒÂÀÃ~, ÖÛÃÉË-Ã `ÌÀËÖËÀÃ" ÃÀ ÓáÅÀ.

moqmedebiTi _ ËëÈÛæ `ÙÀÌÉÈ~: ËëÈÛæ ÌÀÓðÒÃ ÊæÀÒÄÌ ËðÓæ _ `ÙÀÌÉÈ ÞÀËÉÀÍ ÚÉÍÀÅÃÀ~.

al. oniani gamoKofs afiqsebs, `romlebic mxolod zmnizedebSi dasturdeba: -ÉÍ: ÓÂæÄÁ-ÉÍ `ßÉÍ~, æÄÛÂ-ÉÍ `ÖÊÀÍ~, ÀÛáæ-ÉÍ `ÄÒÈáÄË~; áÉ-: ÄÜ-áÉ `Ö×ÒÏ ÉØÉÈ~, ÑÑÑÑÉ-áÉ `Ö×ÒÏ ÆÄÅÉÈ~; -Í: äÀÌ-Í É ÍðÁÏÆ-Í `ÃÉËÉÃÀÍ

ÓÀÙÀÌÏÌÃÄ~, Tumca n. mari da v. Tofuria -nnnn-s micemiTi brunvis Zvel formantad miiCneven da mas gugugugu----nnnn `Zalian~ zmnisarTSic gamoKofen; igive iTqmis -inininin’is Sesaxebac, romelic zogierT mkvlevars (n. mari, v. Tofuria, T. SaraZeniZe, m. qaldani, z. yumburiZe, i. CantlaZe) naTe-saobiTis morfema hgonia. rac Seexeba -xixixixi formants, is dasturdeba ganusazGvrelobiT nacvalsaxelSic: ÎÄÒ-áÉ < ÎðÒ-áÉ `zogi~.

winadadebaSi es zmnizedebi, ZiriTadad, droisa da adgilis ga-remoebis funqciiT gvxvdeba.

mirTvis specifikuroba svanurSi ZiriTadad mainc Tandebulian mirTuls ukavSirdeba, vinaidan Tavad Tandebulia svanurSi rTuli. erTi mxriv gvaqvs martivi Tandebulebi -ÑÑÑÑÉÉÉÉ `ÆÄ~, -ÜÖ `ØÅÄÛ, ØÅÄÌÏÈ~, -{É}ÓÂÀ `ÛÉ~, -ØÀ `ÂÀÅËÉÈ, через~, -ÈÄ `ÊÄÍ~, -áðÍ `ÂÀÍ~, -ÌéÚ `ÈÀÍ~, -ÙÀ `ÈÅÉÓ, ÂÀÌÏ~, -ÙÏ `ÛÄÌÃÄÂ~, meore mxriv _ rTuli Tandebulebi: -ÈëÓÂÀ, -ÈÄØÀ, -ÈÄÑÉ, -ÈÄÜÖ, -áðÍØÀ, -áðÍÉÓÂÀ, -áðÍÑÉ, -áðÍÜÖ (Tofuria 2002: 204).

i. CantlaZis azriT, Tavdapirvelad Kovelgvari saxeli loka-luri mniSvnelobiT gamoKenebisas oden fuZiT iKo warmodgenili, xolo mimarTebani sivrceSi gadmoicemoda zmnis preverbis saSuale-biT, romlis erT-erTi ZiriTadi da wamKvani funqcia adgilmKofobi-sa da mimarTulebis aGniSvnaa. Semdgom es mimarTebebi saxelebSic aisaxa. mkvlevari fiqrobs, rom lokalur mimarTebaTa gramatikuli gamosaxvis ganviTarebis pirvelsa da meore safexurebze moqmedebis adgili da mimarTuleba erTmaneTisagan gamiJnuli ar aris, isini warmodgenilia pirvel SemTxvevaSi zmnis preverbSi, xolo meore Se-mTxvevaSi _ rogorc zmnis preverbSi, ise saxelis micemiT-viTarebi-Ti brunvis formaSi. am doneze micemiT-viTarebiTi erTi brunvaa, magram TandaTanobiT misi funqciebi danawevrda, zogadidan ufro konkretuli mniSvnelobis gamoxatva gaxda SesaZlebeli da micemiTs ZiriTadad daukavSirda adgilmdebareobis aGniSvna, xolo viTare-biTs _ mimarTulebisa. Tavdapirvelad isini am funqciebs asruleb-dnen martivi formebiT, uTandebulod. Semdeg TandaTanobiT sayiro gaxda adgilmdebareobis gamomxatveli Tandebulebis darTva saxelis


145

micemiTi brunvis formazec. es Tandebulebi materialurad zmnis preverbebis identuria.

diferenciaciis Semdeg zmnasTan igive preverbebi darCa, roca sagangebod iKo xazgasmuli moqmedebis swored adgilmdebareoba, xo-lo mimarTulebis aGsaniSnavad saxels daerTo sruliad sxva (-TeTeTeTe, , , , ----xenxenxenxen) Tandebulebi.

saboloo safexuri orTandebulian formebs Seicavs; masSi er-Tdrouladaa asaxuli moqmedebis mimarTulebaca da adgilic, amgva-rad, lokalur mimarTebaTa gramatikuli gamosaxvis ganviTarebis gza svanurSi oTxsafexuriani sistemaa: a) saxelis oden fuZe; b) mice-miT-viTarebiTi brunva Sesabamisi ----nnnn, , , , ----dddd, , , , ----ssss, , , , ----æ formantebiT; g) sa-xelis erT- da d) orTandebuliani formebi (CantlaZe 1974: 101-104).

sintaqsuri urTierTobis TvalsazrisiT, rogorc martivi, ise rTuli Tandebulebi saxelebs ukavSirdeba garkveul brunvaSi. qar-Tulisgan gansxvavebiT, svanurSi Tandebulebi erTvis mxolod or brunvas _ micemiTsa da naTesaobiTs, Tumca Kvela Tandebuls SeuZ-lia saxelebi orsave brunvaSi marTos. marTvis garda, Tandebuls ekisreba sxvadasxva saxis urTierTobis Cveneba. rogorc aGiniSna, man SeiZleba gamoxatos mdgomareoba sivrceSi an mimarTuleba. n. abesaZe Tandebulebs svanurSi swored am niSniT aJgufebs da aGniSnavs, rom -ÑÉ, -ÜÖ, -{É}ÓÂÀ, -ÌéÚ da sxva TandebulebisaTvis ZiriTadia mdgomare-obis gamoxatva, xolo -ÈÄ da -áðÍ TandebulebisaTvis _ mimarTule-bis Cveneba (abesaZe 1955: 284).

Tandebulebi svanurSi funqciurad ufro datvirTulia, vid-re Tanamedrove saliteraturo qarTulSi. i. CantlaZe aGniSnavs, rom è. w. windebul-Tandebuliani saxelebi ufro konkretulad mi-uTiTeben ama Tu im adgilze; ase magaliTad: ÄãÀ ÊÉÍÜáÜÖ ÀÈáæÉÃ ìs kiserSi moxvda~ imas niSnavs, rom usaTuod SigniT, qveviT, siGrmeSi xdeba moqmedeba; `ÊÉÍÜáÑÉ~ aucileblad zemodan, garedan moxvedraze migviTiTebs, maSin, rodesac `ÊÉÍÜáÓ ÀÈáæÉÃ~ ufro zogadi mniSvne-lobisaa, daunawevrebelia _ `ze~-sac SeesatKviseba da `Si~-sac (Ca-ntlaZe 1971: 132).

vinaidan -ÑÉ (-ÑìÍ)Tandebuli, upirveles Kovlisa, gviCvenebs adgils, sagnis adgilmKofobas zedapirze, amitomac ----jjjji i i i Tandebulia-ni sitKva winadadebaSi xSirad adgilis garemoebaa:

ÔíÁ ËéÂ ÈÀÍðÙÑÉ, ÍëÓÂÀ ÊÏãðÒÉÓÂÀ (bz.) _ `tba dgas uGeluGeluGeluGeltetetete----xilxilxilxilzezezeze, , , , Sua kldeebSi~;

ÌÀËæÓ ÛÖÊæÑÉ ÌÄÈáæðÒ ËÀááæÉÃÃÀ (bq.) _~melas gzagzagzagzaze ze ze ze monadi-re Sexvda~.


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amavdroulad -Ñi i i i Tandebuliani formebi gvxvdeba drois gare-moebadac:

ÖÜáÀÑÉ ÓÂÀ ÙéÒÃÀá ËÀÓéÌÃ ÄÜáÀæ (bq.) _ ` ` ` ` wviwviwviwvimis dros mis dros mis dros mis dros ((((`̀̀̀wviwviwviwvimamamama----zezezeze~~~~)))) Sediodnen (Tavis) Sesafareblad iq~.

ÌÉÛÂÖ Ïãðá ÌÉßÉÓÞæÒÀÑÉ ËðÓæ ÂÀÃÀÓáËÄÁÖË ÄÜáÀæ (bz.) _ `Cemi oJaxi mimimimiwiswiswiswisZvris dros Zvris dros Zvris dros Zvris dros ((((`̀̀̀mimimimiwiswiswiswisZvraZvraZvraZvrazezezeze~~~~) ) ) ) iKo iq gadasaxlebuli~.

{ÌÉÛÂÏÌÖÓ} ËÄÌÄÓÂÉÛ ËÀÛæÀÌÑÉ ÄÒæÀËÄ ÁðÜÓ áÏÊæÀÍÄ (bq.) _ `mamaCems cececececxlis dacxlis dacxlis dacxlis danTenTenTenTebis dros bis dros bis dros bis dros ((((`̀̀̀sasasasanaTnaTnaTnaTzezezeze~~~~) ) ) ) viGaca qvas ugdebs~.

----Ñi i i i Tandebuliani saxeli SesaZloa mogvevlinos miznis garemo-ebis funqciiTac:

ÄãÀ ËÉÈæÒì ÁÄÃÑÉ ËðÓæ ÒÖÓÄÈÈÄ ÌÄÜÃÄ (bz.) _~is sais sais sais saswavswavswavswavlebleblebleb----lad lad lad lad ((((`̀̀̀swavswavswavswavlis bedlis bedlis bedlis bedzezezeze~~~~) ) ) ) iKo ruseTSi wasuli~.

-ÌéÚ Tandebulis Sesaxeb v. Tofuria aGniSnavs, rom ìgi gamo-xatavs Tanaobas, adgilis mxriv, erTadmKofobas, udris qarTul -Tan Tan Tan Tan Tandebuls da nanaTesaobiTari micemiTis formas~ (Tofuria 2002: 203). n. abesaZis ganmartebiT, -ÌéÚ Tandebuli ufro rusul у winde-buls SeesatKviseba: у соседей (abesaZe 1955: 287).

-ÌéÚ varianti zemosvanurSi gamoiKeneba, xolo laSxur da len-texur dialeqtebSi gvxvdeba misi asimilirebuli -ÌÏÚ forma. sagu-lisxmoa, rom es ukanaskneli kodoris mosaxleobis metKvelebaSic davadastureT, Tumca iq qvemosvanebi ar cxovroben. rogorc Cans, m m m m Tanxmovnis gavlena anaptiqsur é xmovanze erTmaneTisgan damoukideb-lad ganxorcielda cxeniswKlisa da kodoris xeobis svanurSi.

ÌÉÛÂÖ ËÀÚæÒÀ ËÀâæÒÀÌéÚ ËéÂÃÀ (bz.) _ `Cemi sawoli fanfanfanfanJaJaJaJa----rasrasrasrasTanTanTanTan idga~;

ÃÏÌÁðÎ ËðÓÐÀÌÏÚ ÄÓáæÉÃÃÀá ÓðæÉðÒ (bq.) _ `dombas gadagadagadagadasaxsaxsaxsaxvevvevvevvev----Tan Tan Tan Tan daxvdnen savebi~;

ÌÖÛÂæÒÉ Ü’ÏÈÚæÉÍÀá Äã ËÄÈ ÌÉÍÄÛÌéÚ, ØÏÒÓ (bq.) _ `stumari dauwveniaT im Games TaTaTaTavivivivisassassassas, saxlSi~.

magram amavdroulad balszemour kiloSi -ÌéÚ qarTul -mde mde mde mde Tandebulis semantikasac iTavsebs:

ÐËÀÔÏÊ Ø’óÃÈáÉ× ÈëÒðËÌéÚ ÍÉÜæðÒÜîÍ _ `cxvirsaxoci gadai-fara TvaTvaTvaTvalelelelebabababamde mde mde mde saxeze;

ÂæÉÒÀÁóËÌéÚ æÄÈ áêÃá ËéäÄ _~TiTqmis gvigvigvigvirarararabebebebebabababamdemdemdemde moaGwies (`hqondaT moGweuli~);

ÉÁéÒÂÉëËá, ÉÁéÒÂÉëËá É Ñ’ÄÓÈæð× ØÖÈîËðÒÌéÚ, ÉÁéÒÂÉëËá É... Ñ’ÄÓÈæð× ËêÒÔÚÀÌéÚ _ `yidaoben, yidaoben da Caeflo (`Caimala~) muxmuxmuxmuxlelelelebabababamdemdemdemde, yidaoben da... Caeflo wewewewelalalalamde mde mde mde ((((`̀̀̀sasasasaqamqamqamqamrerereremdemdemdemde~~~~).).).).

-ÌéÚ Tandebuliani saxeli Kvela SemTxvevaSi adgilis garemoe-


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baa winadadebaSi. mimarTulebis gamomxatvel martiv Tandbul -TeTeTeTe-s qarTulSi

Kvelaze metad -ken ken ken ken Seesabameba: decdecdecdec----Te Te Te Te `cisken~, mimimimiCeSCeSCeSCeS----Te Te Te Te `misken~..., Tumca esadageba -ze ze ze ze da -Si Si Si Si Tandebuliani formebic:

ÌÄÈáæÎðÒÃ ãðàæ Ñ’ÀÃÎÄ ÊÏãÈÄ (bz.) _~ monadirem Jayvi aitana kldekldekldekldezezezeze~;

ÁÄ×ÛæÃ ÆÄØ ÓÂ’êÃÎÄ ØÏÒÈÄ (bz.) _ `bavSvma SeSa Seitana sasasasaxlxlxlxl----SiSiSiSi~.

-Te Te Te Te Tandebuliani saxeli winadadebaSi umetesad adgilis gare-moebaa, Tumca mKofadis mimGeobaze darTvisas is Seesabameba qar-Tuli viTarebiT brunvaSi dasmuli mimGeobis semantikas da asru-lebs miznis garemoebis rols; i. CantlaZe aGniSnavs, rom `Tanamed-rove svanurSi miwevniToba-mimarTulebis gamomxatvel viTarebiTs xSirad enacvleba ----Te Te Te Te (`-ken~, `-mde~) -xen xen xen xen (`-gan~) Tandebulebi. Kve-laze xSirad -dddd////----TeTeTeTe monacvleoba gvaqvs im SemTxvevaSi, roca raime moqmedebis mizania gamoxatuli (CantlaZe 1971: 141-142); moviKvanT magaliTebs:

ÄãÉ ËÀÓéÍãðæÈÄ ËéÌðÒ ÌÄâÃÄ ÃðËÈÄ (bz.) _ is dadadadasaTsaTsaTsaTvavavavalilililieeeerebrebrebreb----lad lad lad lad Kofila mosuli dalSi;

ËÀáÜÏæêËÈÄ ÌÄâÃÄ ÌêÒÄ Ñ’ÀãßÀáæÄÃ (bz.) _ sa sa sa samkurmkurmkurmkurnanananalod lod lod lod (`gamogamogamogamosasasasakekekekeTebTebTebTebladladladlad~~~~) ) ) ) mosuli kaci SegawuxeT;

ÌÉÛÂÖ ËÀáæÁÀ ÄÓÙéÒÃÀá ËðÒÌÉÍêËÈÄ É ËÀÜÀÑÖÍêËÈÄ (bz.) `Cemi Zmebi midiodnen [cxenebis] dadadadasasasasayeyeyeyeradradradrad da da da da sa sa sa saJiJiJiJiririririTod Tod Tod Tod ((((`̀̀̀sasasasacxecxecxecxenanananaodododod~~~~).).).).

-áðÍ Tandebulic mimarTulebas aGniSnavs, magram ara miaxloe-bas, aramed daSorebas, mocilebas da qarTulSi mas moqmedebiTi brunvis formas darTuli -ÂÀÍ Seesabameba:

`ÃÄÝáðÍ ÌêÌÂæÄÛ ÛéÃÍÉ (bz.) _ `cicicicidan dan dan dan araferi iKreba~. -ÙÀ Tandebuliani zmnizeda an saxeli, konteqstis mixedviT, xan

miznis garemoebaa, xanac mizezisa: ÀÌÙÀ àmitom~, àmisTvis; ÄãÙÀ ìmi-tom~, ìmisTvis~...

ÌÀËÀÔÙÀ ÀÜÀÃ ÀÌÆÖ ãæÄÃÉÀÈÄ (bq.) _ `siKvasiKvasiKvasiKvarurururulis gamo lis gamo lis gamo lis gamo wavida ase Sors~.

v. Tofuria aGniSnavs, rom `Tandebuliani brunva saliteratu-ro qarTulsa da mTel rig dialeqtebSi meore Tandebuls ar dair-Tavs da brunvebSi ar icvleba. calke dgas -gan gan gan gan Tandebuliani naTe-saobiTi, romelic ibrunvis: kac-Ta-gan-i, kac-Ta-gan-ma...~ (Tofuria 1940: 328). rTuli Tandebuli qarTvelur enaTagan mxolod svanurs axasiaTebs. svanuri enisaTvis sruliad bunebrivia ororororTanTanTanTandedededebubububulilililiaaaani ni ni ni formebi. amgvar warmoebas paralelebi moeZebneba Tanamedrove qar-


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Tuli mTis dialeqtebsa da zogierT sxva iberiul-kavkasiur enaSi (CantlaZe 1998 :161).

svanurSi rTuli Tandebulebi miiGeba mdgomareobisa da mimar-Tulebis maCvenebel TandebulTa kombinaciiT: -ÈëÓÂÀ, -ÈÄØÀ, -ÈÄÑÉ, -ÈÄÜÖ, -áðÍØÀ, -áðÍÉÓÂÀ, -áðÍÑÉ ÃÀ -áðÍÜÖ.

amrigad, rTul TandebulebSi erTdrouladaa aGniSnuli Jer mimarTuleba, Semdeg ki mdgomareoba, romelSic aGmoCndeba sagani moqmedebis damTavrebis Semdeg; amasTan, Cveulebrivi movlenaa Tande-buliani saxelis xelmeored brunebac. Kovelive es ki ganapirobebs svanurSi Tandebulebis gamoKenebis farTo SesaZleblobebs, rac, Ta-vis mxriv, iwvevs mirTul formaTa simravles, nairgvarobasa da sir-Tulesac qarTulTan SedarebiT:

ÃÄÛÏÌÀ ÀÍÙéÒÃÀ ÍÉÛÂÄ ÊÀÒðæ-Èë-ÎÓÂÀ ÖÜáÄ (bq.) _ àrasdros Camodioda Cvens kakakakaravravravravSi Si Si Si ((((`̀̀̀kakakakaravravravrav----{{{{ssss}}}}----kenkenkenken----SiSiSiSi~~~~) ) ) ) wvima;

ÀË ÔÏÁð ËÉßÄÃÙÀ ÂÀÒ áÀãÄÛ ÊËÖáÏÒÉ ÈÀÍðÙ-ÈÄ-ÑÉ ËìÆÉ (bz.) _ `mxolod am tbis sanaxavadac Girs qluxoris uGeluGeluGeluGeltetetetexilxilxilxilze ze ze ze ((((`̀̀̀uGeluGeluGeluGeltetetetexilxilxilxil----{{{{ssss}}}}----kenkenkenken--------SiSiSiSi~~~~) ) ) ) asvla;

ÚæÉÑÄ-ÐÄÒÛæÃÀ Ü’ÏÌÛÚÄÃÄËÉ ÂÉÌ-ÈÄ-ÜÖ (bq.) _ `gul-GviZli (`GviZl-filtvi~) Camovardnila mimimimiwawawawaze ze ze ze ((((`̀̀̀mimimimiwawawawa----{{{{ssss}}}}----kenkenkenken----SiSiSiSi~~~~).).).).

ÁÄ×ÛæéÃ ËÉÒäóËÈÄ ÓÂ’êÈäÎÄ ÀË ÓÀÚÃðÒ-Èë-ÓÂÀ (bz.) _ `bavSvma gamTeniisken (gamTenias) miaGwia am saKdrsaKdrsaKdrsaKdr----aaaa----mde mde mde mde ((((`̀̀̀saKdarsaKdarsaKdarsaKdar----{{{{ssss}}}}----kenkenkenken----SiSiSiSi~~~~)))).

SeiZleba martivi Tandebulis Semcvelma zmnizedam xelmeored dairTos igive elementi da Semdeg rTuli Tandebuli:

ÜÖ-ØÀ-ØÀ áÏÜÀ æÄÒ áÏÍáÀ (bq.) _ `qveS kargi miwa utnevia~. msgavsi formebi calkemdgomi Tandebulis funqciiT daerTvis

saxels da gamoxatavs Sesabamisi Sinaarsis garemoebas: ÝÉÝæ ËÀÚæÒÀ ÜÖ-ØÀ-ØÀ-ÈÄ-ÎÓÂÀ ðÈÝéÚÄÒðÍ (bq.) _ `kata

ÓÀßÏËØÅÄÛ SeZvra~. xSiria Tandebuliani saxelis xelmeored brunebis SemTxvevebi;

`saxelTa rogorc erT, ise orTandebulian formas SeiZleba daer-Tos naTesaobiTi brunvis niSani. Tandebulian saxelebs moepoveba agreTve nanaTesaobiTari viTarebiTis formebic~ (CantlaZe 1998: 164-165):

ÀËÉ ÓÏáÖÌáÄÍÉÓÂðÛ (<* ÓÏáÖÌ-Ó-áÄÍ-ÉÓÂÀ-ÉÛ) ÁÉØæ ËÉ (bq.) _ ès sosososoxuxuxuxumimimimidan dan dan dan ((((`̀̀̀sosososoxumxumxumxum----{{{{ssss}}}}----gangangangan----SiSiSiSi----isisisis~~~~) ) ) ) monaberi qaria~.

ãæÉÍÄË ÍÉÊÏËÏÆÏÁÀÑÉÛÃ (< `ÍÉÊÏËÏÆÏÁÀ-ÑÉ-ÉÛ-Ã~) áæÉÌÀÒÀËÃ (bq.) _ `Zveli (stiliT) ninininikokokokololololozozozozobisbisbisbisTvis Tvis Tvis Tvis ((((`̀̀̀ninininikokokokololololozozozozo----babababa----{{{{ssss}}}}----zezezeze----isisisis----{{{{aaaa}}}}dddd)))) vemzadebodiT~.


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msgavsi movlena a. SaniZes dadasturebuli aqvs mTis kiloebSi, sadac `gvxvdeba rTuli forma, romelsac ori brunvis mniSvneloba aqvs _ sadaobiTisa da gamosvliTisa; sadaobiTis formas erTvis mo-qmedebiTis -iT iT iT iT (gamosvliTis funqciiT) da gvaqvs daboloebani ----zezezeze----iTiTiTiT, , , , ----SiSiSiSiiT iT iT iT ((((----CiCiCiCiiTiTiTiT):):):):

`stumari Cven gviqvian sxva sosososofefefefellllSiSiSiSiiT iT iT iT masuls~; `cxenzeiT ar Camomxdara...~ (SaniZe 1973: 77).

specialur literaturaSi `pirobis garemoebis~ cneba Semoi-tana l. kvayaZem. qarTul enaSi mas `gamoxatavs sitKvaTa SekavSireba (da ara calke sitKva): orive SemTxvevaSi daGupva eloda Sorenas~ (kvayaZe 1966: 155);

moKvanili magaliTi svanurad ase gamoiKureba: ÄØÃÀÛæÑÉ âÀÝÀ áÀÃ ÁÀÝÓ ÛÏÒÄÍÀÓ.

rogorc aGmoCnda, svanurSi swored erTi sitKviT gamoixata piroba da ara SesitKvebiT. amdenad pirobis garemoebis gamoxatva am enaSi xelmeored nabruneb Tandebulian formebs SeuZliaT:

ÀÌ-ÑÉ-Û-ÑÉ ÌðÂ ËÀÂÀÓ áÄÂÍÉ (bq.) _ àseT SemTxvevaSi (à-mmmm-{is}-ze-is-ze~) Kvelaferi mogvardeba (`gzas < sa-dgdgdgdg-am-s e-dgdgdgdg-m-eb-a~);

ÌéáÒ-ÉÛ-ÑÉ-Û-Ã áÏÍÊÉ ÂæÀÒ ËÄÌÀÒÄË (bq.) _ `xvalis [xval wa-svlis... xval Tu mivdivarT, im] SemTxvevaSi (`xval-is-ze-is-{a}d~) uf-ro male unda movemzadoT;

ÀËÀÓ ÄÓÄÒ ÌÄÒÌÀ-ÑìÍ-ðÛ-Ã ÜæðÃÍðÝáÉ (bz.) _ àmas sxva drois-Tvis (`memememeoooorererere----ssss----zezezeze----isisisis----{{{{aaaa}}}}dddd~) davimaxsovrebo~.

SeiZleba mogveCvenos, rom erTi qarTuli Tandebuliani for-mis ramdenime sxvadasxva TandebuliT gadmocema svanurSi mxolod pa-ralelizaciaa da ara aucilebloba, magram sinamdvileSi konteqstis semantikis gamosaxatavad maT sakmaod zustad aqvT gansazGvruli Tav-Tavisi moqmedebis areali da Jer sintagmaSi, Semdeg ki winadade-baSi garkveul semantikur niuanss ganapirobeben. magaliTad:

ËéÝÈ’ÀÃÓÊÉÍÄ _ `wKalSi gadaxta (`gadavarda < ì-sksksksk-up-a~), Sdr.

ËéÝÈÄÎÓÂ’ÀÃÓÊÉÍÄ _ `wKalSi (SigniT) Caxta~; zogJer Tandebuliani forma materialurad identur windebu-

lian (jijijiji, , , , CuCuCuCu, , , , isisisisgagagaga, , , , qaqaqaqa) zmna-Semasmenels (an nazmnar saxels) mierTvis: ËéÝÈÄÎÓÂÀ ÓÂ’ÀÃÓÊÉÍÄ _ `wKalSi Caxta~; aseT SemTxvevaSi faqti ufro kategoriul jGeradobas iZens.

i. CantlaZis azriT, erTi da imave elementis gamoKeneba zmnasTanac da saxelTanac windebul-Tandebulis rolSi SedarebiT merminde-lia. Tavdapirvelad amgvari elementi sruliad sakmarisi iKo erT-


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erT maTganTan. orsave SemTxvevaSi maTi erTdrouli darTvis sayi-roeba gamowveuli iKo ama Tu im adgilisa an mimarTulebis kidev me-ti intensivobiT gamoxatvisaTvis, lokalizaciis xazgasmisaTvis. ama-ze ori garemoeba migviTiTebs Jer erTi is, rom adgilmdebareobis aGniSvnisaTvis sruliad sakmarisia zmnis preverbi, saxelze misi da-rTva aGaraa aucilebeli, ris Sedegadac erT da orTandebuliani formebi SeiZleba Tavisuflad Seenacvlon erTmaneTs. meore mxriv, isicaa saKuradGebo, rom Tanamedrove cocxal metKvelebaSi adgil-mdebareobis aGmniSvneli preverbi Tu Tandebuli ramdenJerme SeiZ-leba ganmeordes winadadebaSi. mkvlevris azriT, Kvelaferi es imaze miuTiTebs, rom svanuri preverb-Tandebulebis ganviTarebis adreul safexurze SesitKvebaSi sruliad sakmarisi iqneboda erT-erTi maT-ganis, kerZod, preverbis arsebobac da cal- da, gansakuTrebiT, or-Tandebuliani formebi SedarebiT gviandeli warmonaqmnebia (Cantla-Ze 1971: 133; 1974: 103).

l. ezugbaia gamoTqvams varauds, rom SesaZloa zanur zmnaSi zmniswinTa saxiT ufro arqaul viTarebasTan gvqondes saqme, roca `zmniswini, rogorc sivrciTi orientiri mTavari tipologiuri ka-tegoria iKo. xolo mas Semdeg, rac Tandebulisa da zmnizedis sis-tema CamoKalibda qarTulSi, zmniswins SerCa mxolod gezis funqcia, mogvianebiT ki orientaciis kategoriac gamoeKo. Sesabamisad, qar-TulSi CamoKalibda Tandebulebisa da zmnizedebis damoukidebeli sistemebi, xolo zanurSi es procesi Seferxda~ (ezugbaia 2007: 108).

specialur literaturaSi gamoTqmul mosazrebebs qarTvelur enaTa sistemaSi zmniswinTa pirveladobisa da arqauli damoukideb-lobis Sesaxeb mxars uyers svanurSi preverbTa mier natvirTi zogi-erTi sintaqsuri funqcia;

qarTul enaSi zogJer zmnis pirian formasTan uTandebulo moqmedebiTis formiT misive sawKisia dakavSirebuli, rac specialur literaturaSi paronomaziis saxeliT aris cnobili:

`yayayayamiTmiTmiTmiT isini vera syamen, smiTsmiTsmiTsmiT isini veGara smen, ra kacebi arian?!~ mkvlevarTa nawili aseT gamoTqmebSi sawKisis moqmedebiT brun-

vas ubralo damatebad miiCnevs (a. SaniZe, l. kvayaZe); sapirispiro TvalsazrisiT, paronomazia erT cnebas gamoxatavs da ìs sintaqsu-rad sxva araferia, Tu ara Sedgenili Semasmeneli~ (wereTeli 1954: 461).

svanurSic msgavs gamoTqmebSi sawKisis moqmedebiTi brunva mo-nawileobs:


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ËðÓÊÍÏÛæ ÓÂ’ÀÃÓÊÉÍÄ ËéÝÈÄ, ÌÀÒÄ Ø’ðÍÔÉáá _ ~gadaxtomiT ki gadaxta wKalSi, magram gamoiKvanes(`gamoabrunes~);

Tumca ufro bunebrivi viTarebiTi brunvisa da -áðÍ/-áÄÍ Tande-buliani formebia:

ËÄ-ÓÊ-Í-À-Ã ÓÂ’ÀÃÓÊÉÍÄ ËéÝÈÄ... ËÉ-ÓÊ-Í-Ä-áÄÍ ÓÂ’ÀÃÓÊÉÍÄ... rogorc vxedavT, qarTulSi paronomaziul SesitKvebaSi saw-

Kisi moqmedebiTi brunvis formiT marTulia, svanurSi ki aseT gamo-TqmebSic mimimimirTvaarTvaarTvaarTvaa. ufro metic, paronomaziul gamoTqmebSi sawKisis (uTandebulos Tu Tandebulianis) CarTva svanurSi aucilebeli ar aris. aGniSnuli Sinaarsi bunebrivad gamoixateba jijijiji, , , , CuCuCuCu, , , , isisisisgagagaga, , , , qa qa qa qa elementebis SesitKvebaSi damoukideblad CarTviT:

ËéØðÜ ÊÏãÈÄÑÉ ÑÉ Ñ’ÀÜðÃ, ÌÀÒÄ ÜÖ ÃÄÛ ÀÍÔðá _ _ _ _ `dayrili klde-ze [asvliT] ki avida, magram ver Camobrunda~;

ÄãÍÄÌ ÜÖ ÜæÀÛÃÉáæ... ìman [damarxviT] damarxa...~ ÌéÊéËÌðáÉÃ ÊÀËÌÀá ØÀ ØÀ×ÉÛæÃ, ÌÀÒÄ ÌÀÓðÒÃ ÀÈÔÊðËÁéÍ _ `me-

Tevzem (`mokalmaxem~) Tevzi (`kalmaxi~) [gaSvebiT] ki gauSva, magram Zalian daenana~.

q. genebaSvili msgavsi formebis Sesaxeb aGniSnavs, rom ànalo-giuri gamonaTqvamebi akrZalulia Tanamedrove qarTuli salitera-turo enis normebiT,... svanuric cdilobs, Tavidan aicilos rTuli sintaqsuri konstruqcia misi Semqmneli ZiriTadi komponentis gamo-tovebiT da winadadebaSi navaraudevi azri naTeli gaxados zmniswin-ze aqcentirebiT~ (genebaSvili 1997:23). Cveni azriT, msgavs situaci-aSi saKuradGebo is faqtia, rom svanurSi preverbs Seswevs Zala Se-cvalos, Tavis Tavze aiGos mTeli sintagmis semantikuri datvirTva; amitom, preverbTa arqauli damoukideblobis gaTvaliswinebiT, vfiqrobT, rom zemoT aGniSnuli gamoTqmebic svanurSi arqaulia, pirveladia da ara gamartivebisken swrafvis an elifsiis Sedegi.

q. genebaSvilis azriT, `rodesac e. w. windebul-Tandebuli gvxvdeba erTi da imave winadadebis (an misi romelime wevris) TavSic da boloSic (æÏÁðÛÉÍ ÜÖ É ÜÖ ÌÀÁæÒÄÍÀ ÀË ËÀáæÉÓÂÀ _ `xSirad SemomGamebia am mTaSi~; ÆÖÒÏËóË áæóÉÍ ÑÉ É ÑÉ áÄÂÍÉá ÈáÖÌÑÉ ÌÀÌàÉÒðÎ ÁÏ×ÛðÒÓ _ `qalebi bevrJer daadgebian Tavze zarmac bav-Svebs~; ØÀ É ØÀ áÄËÊÉ _ `waawKdeba~...), `meoreul preverbTa~ gameore-bas gansazGvravs moyarbebuli intensivoba lokalizaciisa an situa-ciis gamZafreba (eqspresiuloba)~ (genebaSvili 1997:24). SevniSnavT, rom mocemul SemTxvevebSi windebul-Tandebulbi ubralod ki ar me-ordebian, aramed erTi maTgani (rigiT pirveli) dairTavs -i i i i (-c) na-wilaks, romelic ganapirobebs swored intensivobas; gaZlierebiTi -


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c(a) nawilaki zmnas Tanamedrove saliteraturo qarTulSi ar daer-Tvis: `Tu winadadebaSi ramdenime Semasmenelia, TiToeul maTgans ga-Zlierebis mizniT kikikikidec dec dec dec ((((kikikikidedededevacvacvacvac) ) ) ) unda: `kombaini kidec mkis da ki-dec lewavs~ SaniZe 1973:611). svanurSi am SemTxvevaSic zmniswini met damoukideblobas iCens; Sesabamisad, q. genebaSvilis mier moKva-nili ilustraciebis daweriloba da ganmarteba aseT saxes miiGebs:

æÏÁðÛÉÍ ÜÖÉ ÜÖ ÌðÁæÒÄÍÀ ÀË ËÀáæÉÓÂÀ _ ` zogJer damGamebia (Sdr. ÓÂÀ ÌðÁæÒÄÍÀ `SemomGamebia~) kidec am mTaSi~.

ÑÉÉ ÑÉ áÄÂÍÉá ÈáÖÌÑÉ _~daadgebian kidec Tavze~; ØÀÉ ØÀ áÄËÊÉ _ `waawKdeba kidevac (`qec waawKdeba~).

eqspresiuloba gamoxatulia maSinac, roca iiii (`da~) kavSiri Ca-erTvis damoukideblad naxmar preverbsa da amave preverbian zmna-Se-masmenels Soris, oGond aseT SemTxvevaSi aqcenti mimarTulebazea da ara Tavad moqmedebaze:

ÑÉ É ÑÉ ÂÀÒ ÄÓÙÒÉ _ `sul zeviT da zeviT midis~; ÓÂÀ É ÓÂÀ áÏÈÒéËÄ _ ùyers da uyers~ (Sdr. ÓÂÀÉ ÓÂÀ

áÏÈÒéËÄ _ `{mo}uyers kidevac~). sagulisxmoa isic, rom aGniSnuli elementebi preverbis rol-

Si oden qarTuli `-c~-s SesatKvisi -iiii nawilakis darTviT svanurSi Tavis zmna-Semasmenels drois garemoebiT damokidebul winadadebad aqceven; Sdr. sgsgsgsg''''aCadaCadaCadaCad `Sevida~ _ sgai aCad sgai aCad sgai aCad sgai aCad `rogorc ki Sevida, Sevi-da Tu ara...~

ÑÉ ËðáÛÚÀÃ `gaaxsenda~ _ ÑÉÎ ËðáÛÚÀÃ `rogorc ki gaaxsenda, gaaxsenda Tu ara...~

----jijijiji, , , , ----CuCuCuCu, , , , ----isisisisgagagaga, , , , ----qa qa qa qa elementebis aGniSnuli funqciebi, vfiq-robT, kidev erTxel adasturebs istoriulad maT damoukideblobas; dGes ki maTi roli SesitKvebaSi, ZiriTadad, semantikuri aqcentua-ciaa.

miuxedavad imisa, rom zemosvaneTidan kodoris xeobaSi gadasax-lebul svanTa metKveleba interferenciiT xasiaTdeba, sintaqsis sa-kiTxebSi aq gansakuTrebuli Taviseburebebi ar SeimCneva. SeiZleba iTqvas, rom Tandebulebis gamoKenebis farTo SesaZlebloba, meoreu-li zmnizedebis mravalferovneba da enis konservatiuloba, gamoxa-tuli Zveli viTarebis amsaxveli uTandebulo formebis SemonaxviT, ganapirobebs svanuri enis dialeqtebSi semantikuri niuansebis mo-qnilad gamoxatvis potencials da afarToebs mirTvis areals, rad-ganac igi swored Sinaarsobliv kavSirs gulisxmobs sintagmis wevr-Ta Soris da ara formalurs.


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abesaZe abesaZe abesaZe abesaZe 1955195519551955 _ n. abesaZe, Tandebulebi svanurSi, Tbilisis stalinis saxelobis saxelmwifo universitetis studentTa samecnie-ro Sromebis krebuli N7, Tbilisi, 1955.

genebaSvili genebaSvili genebaSvili genebaSvili 1997199719971997 _ q. genebaSvili, mikolas palmaitisi sva-nur preverbTa Sesaxeb, sulxan-saba orbelianis saxelobis Tbilisis saxelmwifo universitetis qarTuli enis kaTedris Sromebi, 3, Tbi-lisi, 1997.

ezugbaia ezugbaia ezugbaia ezugbaia 2007200720072007----2008200820082008 _ l. ezugbaia, sivrcis tipologia me-grul-lazur zmniswinTa mixedviT, lingvokulturologiuri Ziebani, baTumi, 2007-2008.

Tofuria Tofuria Tofuria Tofuria 1919191940404040 _ v. Tofuria, brunebis sistemisaTvis lakur enaSi, saq. saxelmwifo muzeumis moambe, X-B, tfilisi, 1940.

Tofuria Tofuria Tofuria Tofuria 2002200220022002 _ v. Tofuria, Sromebi, II, Tbilisi, 2002. kvayaZe kvayaZe kvayaZe kvayaZe 1966196619661966 _ l. kvayaZe, Tanamedrove qarTuli enis sintaqsi,

Tbilisi, 1966. oniani oniani oniani oniani 1998199819981998 _ al. oniani, svanuri ena, Tbilisi, 1998. SaniZe SaniZe SaniZe SaniZe 1973197319731973 _ a. SaniZe, qarTuli gramatikis safuZvlebi, Tbi-

lisi, 1973. CantlaZe CantlaZe CantlaZe CantlaZe 1971197119711971 _ i. CantlaZe, sazogado da geografiul sa-

xelTagan momdinare adgilis zmnisarTebi svanurSi, saq. ssr mecnie-rebaTa akademiis macne, enisa da literaturis seria, 3, Tbilisi, 1971.

CantlaZe CantlaZe CantlaZe CantlaZe 1974197419741974 _ i. CantlaZe, lokalur mimarTebaTa gramati-kuli gamosaxvisaTvis svanurSi, Tsu Sromebi N151-152, Tbilisi, 1974.

CantlaZe CantlaZe CantlaZe CantlaZe 1998199819981998 _ i. CantlaZe, qarTvelologiuri Ziebani, Tbi-lisi, 1998.

wereTeli wereTeli wereTeli wereTeli 1954195419541954 _ k. wereTeli, paronomazia qarTulSi, ike, t. VI, Tbilisi, 1954.


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Ketevan Margiani-Subari

One of the Interrelations and Postpositional Forms in the Kodori and Enguri Gorges’ Svan

S u m m a r y

“In Georgian an adverb and a postpositional noun are interrelatives in all cases, a

verb (predicative) and a deverbative noun are first of all interrelating” (V. Topuria). The principle is analogous in Svan, but a wide possibility of using postpositions,

varities of secondary (formed) adverbs and conservatism of a language, expressed through the preserving the forms without postposition reflecting an old situation – conditions a large phonetical of flexibly reflecting of semantic nuances in a language and widens the areal of interrelation as it implies just essential connection among the members of syntagma.


vaxtang mavaxtang mavaxtang mavaxtang maGGGGraZeraZeraZeraZe

guram bedoSvili _

qarTuli onomastikonis mkvlevari

onomatologiis mecnieruli kvlevis gareSe verc erTi qveKnis istoriuli warsulis safuZvliani Seswavla ver ganviTardeba. to-ponimikuri leqsika mkvlevris xelSi is saimedo lingvisturi berke-tia, romlis swori analiziTac SesaZlebeli xdeba ama Tu im qveKnis istoriuli da istoriamdeli xanis mosaxleobis Kofa-cxovrebis, adaT-wesebis safuZvliani da Kovelmxrivi kvleva.

aseve aqtualuri Seswavlis obieqtia da did mniSvnelobas iZens qarTuli gvarsaxelebis warmoeba, gavrcelebuloba, maTi eti-mologia. aqedan vlindeba eris didi warsuli da tradiciebi.

swored am friad mamuliSvilur, saintereso da sapasuxismgeb-lo sferos miuZGvna Tavisi xangrZlivi da naKofieri moGvaweoba ba-tonma guram bedoSvilma.

mecnieris interesebis sfero Zalze mravalferovani da mrav-lismetKvelia. saqarTvelos tomTa Sida migracia, qarTuli toponi-mika da eTnologiur sakiTxTa aspeqti, hidronimTa warmoeba, para-leluri geografiuli saxelebis warmoeba, saqonlis momTabareobas-Tan dakavSirebuli leqsika, dileqturi leqsikisa da mikrotoponi-miis urTierToba, rTulfuZiani qarTuli geografiuli saxelebis gamartivebis tendenciis sakiTxebi, toponimika, rogorc saistorio wKaro, sadaurobis saxelebisagan warmoqmnili gvarebi, toponimebi-dan momdinare gvarebis warmoeba... es aris Zalze arasruli sia im kvlevebisa, romelsac mecni-erma moGvaweobis udidesi nawili miu-ZGvna.

b-n. g. bedoSvils gansakuTrebuli Sroma da Zalisxmeva aqvs Ca-debuli erwo-TaneTis toponimiis kvlevaSi... fexdafex aqvs Semovli-li mTeli regioni. Cawerili aqvs Koveli, Tundac mcire obieqtis saxelwodeba, iqneba es oikonimi Tu nasoflari, xevi Tu seri, veli

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Tu bogiri... aGwerili aqvs obieqtis daxasiaTeba, rac Zalze mniS-vnelovania geografiuli saxelisa Tu qveKnis istoriisTvis. mkvleva-ri ar gaurbis xalxis mier Seqmnil etimologiaTa moxmobas, zogJer marTlac miamitur gaazrianebas, Semdeg ki, Tavis mecnierulad dasa-buTebul da SeJerebul varaudebs gamoTqvams.

aseve kolosaluri Sromaa Cadebuli mis fasdaudebel naSrom-Si `qarTul toponimTa ganmartebiT-etimologiuri leqsikoni~. Ta-mamad SeiZleba iTqvas, rom es naSromi ara marto toponimiiT dain-teresebuli specialistis samagido wignad iTvleba, aramed saqar-Tvelos istoriis, eTnografiis, geografiisa da Tundac moKvaruli mkiTxvelisTvisac mimzidveli da sasiamovno sakiTxavi gaxda. b-n z.yumburiZis aqamde Zalze popularul wignebs: `ra gqvia Sen~ da `dedaena qarTuli~ samarTlianad daumSvena mxari. leqsikonSi ganxi-luli, gaanalizebuli da etimologizebulia TiTqmis Kvela metna-klebad cnobili mikro- da makrotoponimi, moxmobilia sakiTxTan da-kavSirebuli sxva mecnierTa mosazrebebi da msJelobebi. zog SemTxve-vaSi ki, bundovanebisa da utKuari faqtebis arqonisas, Cveuli Tav-mdablobiT acxadebs, rom sakiTxi damatebiT kvlevas sayiroebs.

mecnieri ar kmaKofildeba mxolod Tavis mopovebul masalas. cdilobs Koveli geografiuli saxeli, misi warmoSoba Tu adrinde-li mdgomareoba ramdenime informatorTan SeaJeros. amis naTeli dadasturebaa monografiebis: èrwo-TianeTis toponimiisa~ da `qar-Tul toponimTa ganmartebiT-etimologiuri leqsikonis~ boloSi darTuli informatorTa vrceli sia.

aGsaniSnavia, rom b-ni g.bedoSvili, miuxedavad imisa, rom misi msJelobebi mkacr mecnierul CarCoebs ar scildeba, KovelTvis cdi-lobs ara kategoriuli, Seuvali toniT ganacxados Tavisi mtkicebu-lebebis marTebuloba, aramed Semoifarglos Semdegi frazebiT: `Cve-ni varaudiT~, `Cveni mosazrebiT~, `Cveni azriT~, `SesaZlebe-lia~, àmrigad vivaraudoT~, magram sayiroebis SemTxvevaSi, ra Tqma unda, taqtis farglebSi, ar erideba dabeJiTebiT, magram piruTvneelad, obieqturad warmoaCinos daSvebuli uneblie Tu faqtobrivi Secdo-mebi.

b-n g. bedoSvils gamyvirvale, TiTqosda ukve aSkara msJelo-bebSi Seaqvs safuZvliani eyvi da Zalze iolad asabuTebs Tavis mo-sazrebebs. amis saSualebas ki mkvlevars aZlevs enisa da dialetebis siGrmiseuli codna, obieqturi analizis unari, enisaadmi TandaKo-lili utKuari alGo, GvTivboZebuli niyi, didi SromismoKvareoba

guram bedoSvili _ qarTuli onomastikis mkvlevari

157

da saqmisadmi keTilsindisieri, miukerZoebeli, pasuxismgeblobiT mi-dgoma.

mxolod ramdenime magaliTis dasaxelebiT SemovifarglebiT: toponim mcxemcxemcxemcxeTasTasTasTas araerTi cnobili mecnieris kalami Seexo.

Kvela am kvlevas, bunebrivia, sakmaod argumentirebuli dasabuTebebi axlda, magram mkvlevari ar daakmaKofila arsebulma warmodgenilma mtkicebulebebma, ar moerida ukve dmuSavebul sakiTxs da toponimis axsnis sxva gzis Ziebas Seudga. Koveli varaudisa Tu msJelobis da-wvrilebiTi, CaGrmavebuli analiziTa da gamoricxvis meTodiT mivi-da daskvnamde, rom SeuZlebeli iKo eTnikuri Sinaarsis sitKvis -TaTaTaTa sufiqsiT ewarmoebina toponimi. mecnieris azriT, mcxemcxemcxemcxeTaTaTaTa ara eTno-nimis, aramed mmmm----kckckckc----eeee//mmmm----xcxcxcxc-e e e e sitKvasTan -Ta Ta Ta Ta sufiqsis darTviTaa warmo-qmnili, iseve, rogorc momomomogugugugu----TaTaTaTa,,,, berberberber----TaTaTaTa, , , , bzabzabzabza----TaTaTaTa,,,, momomomo----wawawawamemememe----TaTaTaTa, , , , vanvanvanvan----TaTaTaTa, , , , anananangegegegeloslosloslos----TaTaTaTa...

munmunmunmunJJJJaaaaxexexexevavavava. msgavsfuZiani geografiuli saxelebi gvxvdeba fSav-sa da xevSi, duSeTis raionSi: munmunmunmunJJJJaaaa, , , , munmunmunmunJJJJis dais dais dais dababababalililili, , , , munmunmunmunJJJJaTaTaTaTgogogogorararara, , , , munmunmunmunJJJJa goa goa goa gorararara,,,, munmunmunmunJJJJaTaTaTaTwwwwKKKKaaaarorororo............ mumumumuJJJJaTkaaTkaaTkaaTkariririri, , , , mumumumuJJJJaTaTaTaTgogogogoriririri... `muJa da munJa fuZeebis identuroba aSkaraa: erTica da meorec mineralur wKals, veZas, mlaSob adgils niSnavs. amis miuxedavad, zogJer mu mu mu muJJJJaaaa-s hidro-nimul fuZed miiCneven, munmunmunmunJJJJaaaa-s ki /munmunmunmunJJJJaTaTaTaTgogogogorararara, , , , munmunmunmunJJJJeeeebisbisbisbis wwwwKKKKaaaarorororo,,,, munmunmunmun----JJJJeeeebis bis bis bis yyyyaaaala la la la / adamianebisagan momdinare toponimTa rigSi ganixila-ven.~ mecnierma gamoarkvia, rom muJa fuZe mjave mineralur wKaros, veZawKaroiani adgilis aGsaniSnavad dasturdeba CaCneT-inguSeTis teritoriazec.

laSlaSlaSlaSkakakakariririri, , , , laSlaSlaSlaSkakakakaras xeras xeras xeras xevivivivi, , , , laSlaSlaSlaSkakakakarasrasrasrasxexexexevisvisvisvis. . . . wKaro damkvidrebu-li iKo mosazreba, rom es toponimebi mcenare laSqarasTan an war-mrTuli xanis `laSqrobis~ salocavTanaa dakavSirebuli. mecnieris mosazrebiT, es toponimebi isev mlaSe, veZa wKaroebs ukavSirdeba `mlaSe kari~.

duxduxduxduxtetetetelulululuriririri. sasaZovre mindvrebis saxelebad gvxvdeba Kazbegis ramdenime sofelSi. am toponimze specialistebs Sinaarsisa da warmomavlobis Sesaxeb mosazreba ar gamouTqvamT.

b-ni g.bedoSvilis varaudiT, toponimi duxteluri /doxtelu-ri/ CaCnur-inguSuri enobrivi samKaros kuTvnilebaa. duxduxduxdux////////iuxiuxiuxiux sof-lis meurneobis, mesaqonleobis dargis terminia da msxvilfexa sa-qonlis `qveda saZovari zonis~ aGsaniSnavad ixmareba. Semdeg veinaxu-ri /CaCnur-inguSur/ toponimiaSic gavrcelebuli -tetetete sufiqsi daer-Tvis, rac qarTul `zemo nawils~, `Tavs~, `goraks~... miesadageba da askvnis, rom mikrotoponimi duxduxduxdux----tetetete----llll----urururur----iiii: msxvilfexa saqonlis sa-

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saZovre mamulebis zemoT, Tavze~, adgili, romelic msxvilfexa sa-qonlis zemoT mdebareobs~...

mkvlevari miiCnevs, rom toponimi unda SeeqmnaT inguSeTidan gadmoKvanil /daqiravebul/ mwKemsebs...

iuiuiuiuxoxoxoxo. am patara soflis saxelwodebas uxvTan, siuxvesTan akav-Sirebdnen. mecnieris dasabuTebiT, es toponimic CrdiloeTkavkasie-li mezoblebis _ inguSebis enobrivi faqtia iuxiuxiuxiux Ziridan momdinare.

rkorkorkorkonininini. istoriuli sofeli /amjamad nasoflari/kaspis raionSi specialur literaturaSi damkvidrebulia mosazreba, rom rkorkorkorkonininini ge-ografiuli nomenia, romelSic obieqtis pirobiTi /ufunqcio/ sim-ravlea gadmocemuli ////----nnnn---- sufiqsis meSveobiT/: rkorkorkorkonininini.... sxvagvari Tvalsazrisis mixedviT, SesaZleblad aris miCneuli rkonrkonrkonrkon-Si -onononon su-fiqsis ga-moKofa: krkkrkkrkkrk----onononon// // // // rkrkrkrk----onononon----i... Tu am mosazrebas gaviziarebT, krkkrkkrkkrk----onononon----I I I I // // // // rkrkrkrk----onononon-I unda gavigoT rogorc `muxian-I~, `mux-nar-I~.

mecnieri Tvlis, rom rkorkorkorko da aqedan nawarmoebi rkonrkonrkonrkon----iiii muxa si-tKvis sinonimad ar unda aGviqvaT. rogorc Cans, sitKva rko enaSi damoukideblad ixmareboda da igi vazis dablari JiSis aGmniSvnel sitKvad gamoiKeneboda. safiqrebelia, rom rkoni dakavSirebuli iKos vazis kulturasTan: `rko venaxi~, adgili, sadac rkos JiSis vazi xa-robs~. g.bedoSvili miiCnevs, rom sitKva `muxa~ qarTul toponimiaSi ZvelTaganve SeuzGudavad moqmedebda da amjamadac moqmedebs. da bo-los daaskvnis: aqac upiratesoba muxas hqonia miniyebuli da ara na-Kofis aGmniSvnel rko sitKvas.

araerTi msgavsi SemTxvevis moxmoba SeiZleboda. b-ni g. bedoSvili xangrZlivi drois ganmavlobaSi agrovebda

qarTul gvarebs istoriul wKaroebsa Tu werilobiT ZeglebSi, jur-nal-gazeTebSi. didi ZalisxmeviT moipova saqarTvelos Kvela raioni-dan mosaxleobis aGweris monacemebi. uzarmazari masala dalagebu-li, bevri maTganis safuZvliani analizi da etimologiac Catarebu-li aqvs.

leqsikonis saxis es naSromi dGis sinaTles elis da misi me-cnieruli Girebuleba da popularoba eyvs srulebiTac ar iwvevs.

minda gavixseno erTi SemTxveva: enaTmecnierebis institutis samecniero sabyos sxdomas eswreboda saqarTvelos mecnierebaTa aka-demiis prezidenti, akademikosi a. TavxeliZe. b-nma g. bedoSvilma mo-kled isaubra qarTul gvarebze, maT warmoebaze, gavrcelebulobaze da bolos daasaxela qarTul gvarTa soliduri raodenoba. b-nma albert TavxeliZem eyvi gamoTqva, aGniSna, rom SeuZlebelia amdeni qarTuli gvari arsebobdeso da da\asaxela konkretulad _ xuTi

guram bedoSvili _ qarTuli onomastikis mkvlevari

159

aTasi Tu iqnebao. b-nma g. bedoSvilma, miuxedavad Tavisi moridebu-lobisa, rbili xasiaTisa, prezidents ar dauTmo da uTxra, mxolod magdeni gvaris matarebeli aGaravin ariso.

b-n bedoSvils onomastikaSi gamozrdili hKavs ramdenime maZi-ebeli da aspiranti, romlebic xelmZGvanelisTvis damaxasiaTebeli keTilsindisierebiT, SromismoKvareobiTa da siKvaruliT axla ukve damoukideblad agrZeleben TavianT saqmianobas.

mecnieri didi xania, Jer pionerTa da Semdgom moswavleTa sa-saxlis qarTuli enis wris mecadineobebsa da, gansakuTrebiT, sesie-bis muSaobas eswreba da kurirebs. mouclelobisa da datvirTulo-bis miuxedavad, KovelTvis axerxebs wris wevrebis Sesrulebuli na-muSevrebis gacnobasa da Sefasebas. sistematurad eswreba am Gonis-Ziebebs, saocari KuradGebiTa da moTminebiT usmens moswavleebis moxsenebebsa Tu msJelobebs. daufaravi aGtacebiT uqebs bavSvebs na-Sroms da misTvis damaxasiaTebeli mokrZalebiT, delikaturobiT, ke-TilganwKobiT, magram KovelTvis obieqturobiT, zedmiwevniT gasage-bad, dasabuTebulad awvdis friad faseul SeniSvnebs.

SeuZlebelia gverdi avuaroT da ar aGvniSnoT, rom b-n g. be-doSvilis samecniero naSromebis ena daxvewili, sada, laGi da mrav-lismetKvelia. ar aris samecniero stilisaTvis damaxasiaTebveli gadatvirTuli SablonebiT, StampebiT, Tu fuyi mravalsitKvaobiT.

rac Seexeba b-n g.bedoSvilis, rogorc mwerlisa da Semoqme-dis moGvaweobas, es calke aranakleb mnisvnelovani, wonadi da Gire-buli mxarea misi mravalmxrivi da mravlismTqmeli GvTivkurTxeuli niyierebisa, razec, albaT, kidev bevri iTqmeba da daiwereba, Cven ki Tavs uflebas mivcemT, gamovTqvaT mokrZalebuli azri b-ni guram be-doSvilis sul axlaxan gamocemuli ànanuruli moTxrobebis~ erT-erTi umSvenieresi beletristuli nimuSidan `zGapari arasodes mTavrdeba~, romelic mweralma q-n ana kalandaZes miuZGvna, amona-rids movuxmoT:

`_me rom vinmem mkiTxos, wuTisofeli ra ariso, vetKodi: ra aris da bedisweris Zafze acmuli wlebis krialosani-meTqi! im bedis Zafma drois uTavbolo brunvas, GvTisave SewevniT Tu gauZlo, ma-Sin kacs GmerTTan samduravic araferi gqonia!.. isic unda vTqva: na-mdvil sicocxles maSin edeba fasi, roca adamiani Tavis wuTiso-fels Cacma-daxurvisa da yama-smaze fiqrSi ki ar Camolevs, aramed erT did saocnebos daisaxvs da dGecismar im nanatris axdenas moax-mars!..~

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moTxrobis mTavari gmiris es sitKvebi naTlad metKvelebs me-cnierisa da Semoqmedis cxovrebiseul kredosa da mwerlur diapa-zonze.

vusurvebT baton gurams, kidev didxans emoGvaweos orive mu-zis samsaxurSi.

Vakhtang Maghradze

Curam Bedoshvili – a Researcher of Georgian Onomastics

S u m m a r y

Guram Bedoshvili intensively and productiovely works in Georgian

onomastics. The main objects of the research are: toponyms, people first names and their history. During many years G. Bedoshvili has created many valuable and very important works.


nanananana mana mana mana mayayayayavavavavaririririaaaanininini

leqsema gagania-s warmomavlobisaTvis

Tanamedrove qarTul sasaubro metKvelebaSi dasturdeba zed-

sarTavi saxeli ,,gagania~. es sitKva qarTuli enis ganmartebiT leqsikonSi ganmartebu-

lia Semdegnairad: gagania (saub.) metismetad cxeli. gagania zafxu-li; gagania sicxe _ papanaqeba. (qegl, 77,3).

amjamad, zedsarTavi saxeli ,,gagania~ xSirad ixmareba gadatani-Ti mniSvnelobiTac. mag.: ,,gagania gamocdebi~, ,,gagania mitingi~, ,,ga-gania arCevnebi~... aGniSnul SesitKvebas mravlad waawKdebiT Tana-medrove beydur Tu eleqtronul mediaSi.

es leqsema zedsarTav saxelad axali naqcevi unda iKos. ufro Zveli viTarebis mixedviT igi arsebiTi saxeli Cans.

sxvadasxva saxelTa zedsarTavis funqciiT gamoKeneba qarTuli-saTvis niSandoblivia: Sdr.: zGva xalxi, ori Tvali oTaxi, erTi xe-li tansacmeli da sxv.

qvemo imerulSi aris wKevlis aseTi formula: ,,Sen mogekida cecxli da gagania~... gurulSi dasturdeba ,,gegenia~ forma amave formulaSi (cnoba gurulis Sesaxeb mogvawoda qalbatonma l. niko-laiSvilma, madloba mas amisaTvis). cxadia, aq aGniSnul orsave Se-mTxvevaSi sitKva ,,gagania~ arsebiTi saxelia. misi Tavdapirveli mniS-vnelobac ,,cecxli~ unda KofiliKo.

Cven vfiqrobT, rom semantema ,,gagania~ momdinareobs ebrauli sitKvisagan gegegegeeeeena na na na ---- ge ge ge gehehehehenomnomnomnom, romelic, Tavis mxriv, niSnavs JoJoxeTs, cecxls. (Sapiro, 1963) savaraudod, es sitKva qarTvelur enobriv samKaroSi wminda werilis Targmnis Semdeg unda gavrcelebuliKo.

,,Tanamdeb ars igi geheniasa mas cecxlisasa~(mT; 5,22), ,,xel-ewi-febis STagdebad geheniasa~ (l. 12,5). (abulaZe, 1973)

sagulisxmoa, rom am sitKvis ganmartebas ver vxvdebiT sabas-Tan, ar aris es sitKva arc ,,vefxistKaosanSi~.

,,SemipKres, wamomiKvanes xel-fexs momidves genia.

n . m a y a v a r i a n i

162

gardmomatares asi mTa, mindori cxra imdenia.~ (Zv. qarT. lit. qrest., 1999,399, d. guramiSvili, ,,daviTiani~). qarTuli literaturis qrestomaTiaSi ,,genia~ ganmartebulia,

rogorc ,,geena, JoJoxeTis cecxli~. ,,genia (saub.) igivea, rac geena~ _ axsnilia qarTuli enis gan-

martebiT leqsikonSi. cnobilia, rom am sitKvidanve iGebs saTaves laTinuri genia

(laT.) _ udidesi SemoqmedebiTi niyi. xalxis genia, SemoqmedebiTi genia da sxv.; geniosi _ geniiT daJildoebuli pirovneba; geniosoba _ geniosis Tviseba; geniosuri _ geniosis damaxasiaTebeli, _ genia-luri. (qegl, 148,1)...

,,geena~ n. CubinaSvilis leqsikonSi ganmartebulia, rogorc ,,adgili JoJoxeTisa cecxliT satanJveli codvilTa~ (mat. 5,22; 29, 10,28,18,9) rus. геена, berZ. gegegegeeeeenananana, (CubinaSvili, Tb., 1961).

d. CubinSvili ki ase xsnis aGniSnul sitKvas: ,,geena _ arab. Janama, JoJoxeTis adgili, sadac cecxli mTebarea satanJvelad cod-vilTa~ rus. геена, ад.

berZnuli gegegegeeeeenananana-ад ,место вечного мучения, в пер. мука (еврейское слово), ase ganmartavs vaismani (vaismani, 1991, 265)

rogori viTarebaa am leqsemis gavrcelebulobis TvalsazrisiT megrulsa da svanurSi?

megrulSi aris leqsema ,,genia~ Kovelgvari fonitikuri cvli-lebis gareSe: _ daCxiri do genia montebuli _ ,,cecxl da genia mokidebuli~... (es cnoba mogvawoda vaja Sengeliam, risTvisac mad-lobas movaxsenebT mas).

svanuri: _ gHrgHy ,,JoJoxeTi~ m. Cuxuas azriT, svanuris JoJo-xeTi gadataniT semantikas asaxavs: mduGare > cecxli > JoJoxeTi. Sdr.: ebrauli geena ,,JoJoxeTi, cecxli~.

mkvlevars problemurad esaxeba svanuri ekvivalentis forma-luri mxaris identifikacia da fiqrobs, rom: _ ,,Tanamedrove gHrgHy qarTuli kow- Ziris SesatKvisi *koy- arqeformis redupli-cirebul saxeobas warmogvidgens, es ukanaskneli Tavdapirvelad gamjGerebiT *goy-s mogvcemda, saidanac fuZis gaorkecebiT Jer go-goy-s, xolo Semdeg gHrgHy -s miviGebdiT. svanurSi fuZis gaorkece-biT miGweul iqna sitKvis eqspresiuli mxaris gaZliereba.~ (Cuxua, 2000-2003,89).

Tumca, svanurSi am mniSvnelobiT ,,gegen~ leqsikuri erTeulic dasturdeba.

leqsema gagania-s warmomavlobisaTvis

163

Cveni mosazrebiT, qarTuli: genia, gegenia, gagania, megruli ge-nia da svanuri gHrgHy º gegen unda momdinareobdes erTi saerTo wKarodan. es wKaroa ebrauli sitKva _ geenia ,,JoJoxeTi, cecxli~.

axla rac Seexeba sitKvis sesxebis fonetikur mxares. rogor unda migveGo gehenia º geeniadan gagania?

rogorc zemoTac aGvniSneT, Cven vfiqrobT, rom es sitKva wminda werilis Targmnis Semdeg unda gavrcelebuliKo qarTvelur enobriv samKaroSi. qarTul sametKvelo enaSi da zogJer naTargmn teqstebSic leqsema imTaviTve h- bgeris gareSe gvxvdeba, vfiqrobT, es bgera aGniSnuli sitKvidan adreve gauCinarda, rasac xeli albaT im garemoebamac SeuwKo, rom h- bgera imave ebraulSi ar gamoiTqmo-da, dGesac ar gamoiTqmis da warmoadgens grZeli L xmovnis saKrden naxevarxmovans, (es infomacia mogvawoda qalbatonma lali biniaSvil-ma, risTvisac did madlobas vuxdiT mas).

ar Cans h bgera arc berZnulSi, rusulsa da laTinurSi. ,,geenadan~ Tavdapirvelad unda migveGo ,,genia~, rogorc am

sitKvas xmarobs daviT guramiSvili. xolo Semdgom intensivobisa-Tvis, fuZis gaorkecebiT *gengenia > gegenia, n bgeris CavardniT, rac dasturdeba gurulSi, romlisganac mogvianebiT miviGeT gagania. e > a bgeraTmonacvleoba qarTulisaTvis ucxo araa, Sdr.: bebo > babo, nena > nana, ferxi > farxi...

Cvens mosazrebas mxars uyers svanuris viTarebac (redupli-cirebuli Ziri), sadac procesi analogiurad unda warmarTuliKo, ris Sedegadac miviGeT gHrgHy imave mniSvnelobiT.

amrigad, amjamad Tanamedrove qarTul sasaubro metKvelebaSi zedsarTav saxelad xmarebuli ,,gagania~ unda momdinareobdes ebrau-li sitKvisagan gehenia º geenia. Zvel qarTulSi, qarTuli enis dia-leqtebSi, megrulsa da svanurSi es leqsema arsebiTi saxelia.


abuabuabuabulalalalaZeZeZeZe, , , , 1973197319731973 _ i. abulaZe, Zveli qarTuli enis leqsikoni, Tb., 1973

vavavavaisisisismamamamanininini, , , , 1991199119911991 _А. Д. Вайсман, Греческо-русский словаръ, 1991 qeglqeglqeglqegl, , , , 1986198619861986 _ qarTuli enis ganmartebiTi leqsikoni, Tb.,

1986. . ZvZvZvZv. . . . qarTqarTqarTqarT. . . . litlitlitlit. . . . qrestqrestqrestqrest...., , , , 1999199919991999 _ qarTuli literaturis qres-

tomaTia, Tb., 1999.

n . m a y a v a r i a n i

164

nikolaiSvilnikolaiSvilnikolaiSvilnikolaiSviliiii,,,, 19 19 19 1987878787 _ e. nikolaiSvili, ike XXVI, Tb., 1987. SaSaSaSapipipipirorororo, , , , 1963196319631963 _ Ф. Л. Шапиро, Иврит-русский словаръ, М., 1963. CuCuCuCubibibibinaSnaSnaSnaSvivivivilililili, , , , 1984198419841984 _ d. CubinaSvili, qarTul-rusuli leqsi-

koni, Tb., 1984. CuCuCuCubibibibinaSnaSnaSnaSvivivivilililili, , , , 1961196119611961 _ n. CubinaSvili, qarTuli leqsikoni, Tb.,

1961 CuCuCuCuxuaxuaxuaxua, , , , 2000200020002000----2003200320032003 _ m. Cuxua, qarTvelur ena-kiloTa Sedare-

biTi leqsikoni, Tb., 2000-2003.

Nana Matchavariani

Towards the Origination of the Lexeme gagania

S u m m a r y

An attribute gagania – “extreme hot” which must originally be a noun is

evidenced in the modern Georgian colloquial speech. The article deals with the viewpoint that this semanteme comes from the Hebrew

word gehenia, geenia – “the hell, fire”.

ØÀÒÈÅÄËÖÒ ÄÍÀÈÀ ØÀÒÈÅÄËÖÒ ÄÍÀÈÀ ØÀÒÈÅÄËÖÒ ÄÍÀÈÀ ØÀÒÈÅÄËÖÒ ÄÍÀÈÀ ÓÔÒÖØÔÖÒÉÓ ÓÀÊÉÈáÄÁÉÓÔÒÖØÔÖÒÉÓ ÓÀÊÉÈáÄÁÉÓÔÒÖØÔÖÒÉÓ ÓÀÊÉÈáÄÁÉÓÔÒÖØÔÖÒÉÓ ÓÀÊÉÈáÄÁÉ. X. 2009. X. 2009. X. 2009. X. 2009

ninininiko oTiko oTiko oTiko oTinaSnaSnaSnaSvivivivilililili

qsnis xeobis (saerisTaos) ramdenime

toponimis lokalizaciisaTvis

geografiuli saxelebi gansakuTrebul sistemebs qmnian enaSi

da maTi Seswavla enaTmecnieruli principebiT Seswavlas sayiroebs. es gulisxmobs toponimebis warmoebis saSualebaTa analizs, sazoga-do saxelebTan maTi mimarTebis dadgenas. toponimi _ geografiuli obieqti enobrivi faqtia, romelic adgens enis dialeqtebisa da mo-naTesave enebis istorias. garda amisa, irkveva bevri sitKvis etimo-logia da sitKvawarmoebis saSualebani.

am problemis gamosarkvevad sayiroa istoriis, arqeologiis, eTnografiis, folkloris, istoriuli geografiis monacemebi. Tavis mxriv, mecnierebis Kvela es dargi xSirad eKrdnoba toponomastikur kvleva-Ziebis Sedegebs.

davadgineT ramdenime toponomis lokalizacia qsnis xeobaSi.

qveqveqveqvenifnifnifnifnenenenevivivivi

XIII saukunis Sua xnidan, roca saqarTvelos politikuri Zlie-

reba qveiTdeba, samefo daiSala qarTlis, kaxeTis, imereTis samefoe-bad, samTavroebad, romlebsac sakuTari teritoria, cixe-simagre, ek-lesia-monastrebi hqondaT da laSqaric hKavdaT. Sida qarTlSi XIII saukunis SuaxanebSi qsnis zemo welze Cndeba cxraZmisxevis saeris-Tao da wKaroebis CvenebiT am dros erisTavebad qvenifnevelebi ari-an.

sofel largvisis samxreTiT, oTx kilometrze qsnis marJvena mxareze, qsans erTvis xevi, romelsac adgilobrivi mkvidrni ìfnis-xevs~ uwodeben. am adgilebSi aris nasaxlarebi, Tavdasacavi kompleq-sis nangrevebi, romlebsac xalbegaans uwodeben, adre mcxovrebi xa-

n . o T i n a S v i l i

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libegaSvilebis gvaris xalxis mixedviT. swored es adgilebia adrin-deli qvenifnevi.

qsnis erisTavTa sagvareulo matianis ,,Zegli erisTavis~ mixed-viT (daiwera XIII_XIV saukuneTa miJnaze) qsnis xeobis xelisufalni dauflebulan largvissa da qvenifnevs. amave matianis mixedviT, mefe ,,daviT merve brZoda isrols, qoloTsa da qvenifnevs~ da zogierTi Zlieri cixe, maT Soris qvenifnevisa ver aiGo. iqve vkiTxulobT, rom qsnis erisTavi Salva aSenebs ,,tfiluriTa wesiTa darbazovans, quenifnevs, qvenifnevel virSeliZem ,,aGaSena quenifnevs eklesia da darbazovani did-didi da Suenieri~.

qsnis xeobis aGwerisas vaxuSti batoniSvili qvenifnevs ar asa-xelebs da arc Tavis rukaze aGniSnavs, etKoba mis dros nangre-vabsGa warmoadgenda. qvenifnevis lokalizaciaSi germaneli mecnie-ris iohan-anton giuldenStetisa da ione batoniSvilis aGwera-mona-cemebi gvexmareba. germaneli mecnieri wers: ,,saZeguridan karga erTi saaTis Semdeg gaviareT Zveli sasaxle qvenifne (qvenifnevi) qsnis da-savleT mxareze, sadac adre iKo erisTavis rezidencia. is dgas cica-bo mTis Sua adgilas, 1/4 saaTis Semdeg, mivediT mdinareze da davi-naxeT sofeli saqoreTi qsnis dasavleT napirze. kidev 1/4 saaTis Semdeg gadavediT xis xidiT qsanze da mivediT largvisis cixeSi an-da monasterSi, romelic mdebareobs qsnis marJvena napirze mdinare yurTas qsanTan Serevis adgilas~. rogorc vxedavT, qvenifnevi lar-gvisis samxreTiTaa naxevari saaTis savalze. ionae batoniSvilis mi-xedviT, ,,biblia daesaxla adgilsa wodebulsa qvenafnevs, romelic aw iwodeba ifnevad~.

qvenifnevi, rogorc erisTavTa rezidencia, Tavis droze warmo-adgenda Zlier gamagrebul cixe-simagres da nagebobaTa rTul kom-pleqss. amjamad qvenifnevis miwiszeda nagebobebis naSTebi cudadaa Semonaxuli, magram Tu iq gaTxrebi moxda, Zalze bevr saidumloebas aexdeba farda. Kvelaze kargadaa Semonaxuli cixis kompleqsis Crdi-loeTi nawilis mxare, romelic mSeneblobis xarisxiT Zalze Zvelia.

qsnis xeobis xelisufalni atarebdnen TavianTi samKofeli ad-gilis saxelwodebas-qvenifnevelsa da largvels. amiT aixsneba is ga-reomeba, rom maT mier gacemul istoriul sabuTebSi qvenifnevi, largveli saxelis mniSvnelobiT aris mocemuli, zogan ki adgilisa da gvaris gagebiT.

Sua saukuneebSi saqarTveloSi xSir SemTxvevaSi gvars ar ata-rebdnen da feodaluri aristokratia atarebda samflobelos sa-xelwodebas (axalcixeli, maCabeli, vayeli, orbeli), agreTve samoxe-

qsnis xeobis (serisTaos) ramdenime toponimis...

167

leo saxelwodebas (erisTavi, aTabagi, amilaxvari). aseve iKo qvenif-nevelTa magaliTze, romelTac saxelovani furclebi Caweres saqar-Tvelos istoriis mateaneSi.

memememeriariariaria

mdinare meJudas marJvena Senakadi merias wKali gamodis orbo-

Zalas mTis masividan da xeoba erTob ulamazesia, romelic sakulto Zeglebis siuxviT gamoirCeva, bevria nasaxlarebic.

vaxuSti bagrationi isrolis xevis aGwerisas aGniSnavs: ,,aSaturT kars quemoT erTvis meJudas dasavlidam meris xevi, gamo-dis benderis mTas~.

mecniers rukazedac aqvs datanili merias xeoba da sakulto Zeglic aqvs aGniSnuli. nageboba taZris tipis darbazuli eklesiaa, romelic Jer kidev kargad aris Semonaxuli. merias eklesiis orna-mentuli qvebi saqarTvelos xelovnebis saxelmwifo muzeumSia dacu-li.

merias eklesiis odnav dasavleTiT vakeze nasoflari Jer kidev ikiTxeba da rogorc sofel meJvrisxevSi, aqedan migrirebuli fsiti-Zeebisagan CaviwereT. maT winaprebs merias xeobaSi ucxovriaT da ax-lac midian religiur dGeobaze.

fsitiZeebis Stogvarebia mixa-an-i da elizbara-an-i da es Zveli gvaris xalxi ricxvovnobiT ar gamoirCeva.

TviT sitKva meres etimologia gaxsnilia qarTveli mecnierebis mier da igi terminTa iseT Jgufs miekuTvneba, romelic wKlis moqme-debiT warmomdgaria da xevis, xeobis an niadagis damaxasiaTebeli da aGmniSvnelia.

sulxan-saba meres ganmartavs, rogorc ,,wKlis piri naKofieri~, Zvelad yalad ixmareboda, magram am cnebis aGsaniSnavad termini me-rec ixmareboda. mere saqarTveloSi ramdenime adgilas gvxvdeba da isev sabas ganmartebiT ,,meedani sxvaTa enaa, qarTulad mere mindori da fori mqviano~.

qarTulis enis dialeqtebSi mere KovelTvis vake adgilebs ar ewodeba, is gamoiKenebioda mxolod wKlis sanapiroze mdebare adgi-lebisaTvis.

profesori zurab yumburiZe Tavis mSvenier wignSi ,,ra gqvian Sen?~ aGniSnavs, rom mere vake adgilebia, magaliTad mohKavs _ mere-vi, mereTi, meria, mariosi.

n . o T i n a S v i l i

168

aweaweaweawerisrisrisrisxexexexevi vi vi vi _ _ _ _ awawawawrisrisrisrisxexexexevivivivi awerisxevi _ awrisxevi mdebareobs patara liaxvis zemo welze

da sxva dasaxleba amjamad soflis iqiT aGar aris. werilobiT wKaroebSi sofeli awrisxevi pirvelad XIV sauku-

nis pirvel naxevarSi gvxvdeba. gvxvdeba awerevis formiTac. ,,Zegli erisTavTa~ asaxelebs sofel awrisxevs, rogorc qsnis

erisTavTa sakuTrebas. XVIII saukuneebSi sexnia CxeiZem da papuna orbelianma mniSvne-

lovani cnobebi Semogvinaxes. s. CxeiZe wers: ,,nadirSaxma daaqcia cixe gorisa, qalaqs Tabo-

ri, gausiva Jari aragvis erisTavs barZims, oTxi aTasi zemo qarTls, oTxi aTasi sacicianos. awerisxevs qveiT daatKveves, daswves zemo qarTlisa~...

awerisxevs asaxelebs vaxuSti bagrationi da didi cixis Semdeg msJelobs. dasaxleba mdebareobda patara liaxvis marJvena mxares, ci-xis dasavleTiT, axla ki sofeli cixis CrdiloeTiT lokalizdeba.

odesGac awerisxevi didi sofeli Kofila 1860 wlis kamera-luri aGweriT awrisxevSi Tormeti gvarisani saxlebulan: askilaSvi-li, inauri, mariamiZe, kubaSvili, qisiSvili, buTxuzi, buJiaSvili, slevonaSvili, bibilaSvili, Sermadini, qedaSvili, gabilaSvili (cen-traluri arqivi, fondi 254).

morigi 1886 wlis aGweris Sedegad awrisxevSi 39 komli iri-cxeboda 287 mcxovrebiT. magaliTad, im dros GvTiso grigolis Ze mariamiZis oJaxSi 10 kaci da 9 qali iricxeboda, iakob inauris oJax-Si 8 kaci da 15 qali.

axla awrisxevSi 12 komliGa saxlobs da Kvela askilaSvilia, barad darCenilebi ki xSirad adian religiur dGeobaze da swored maTgan da maTi STamomavlebidan CaviwereT toponomastikuri da eT-nografiuli masalebi.

qsnis xeobis (serisTaos) ramdenime toponimis...

169


TsuTsuTsuTsu. . . . SrSrSrSr. . . . grgrgrgr. . . . 1951 1951 1951 1951 wwww _ Tbilisis sax. un. Sromebi, t 45, Tb. mmmmaaaakakakakalalalalaTia Tia Tia Tia 1968196819681968 _ s. makalaTia, qsnis xeoba, Tb. memememesxia sxia sxia sxia 1954195419541954 _ S. mesxia, Zegli erisTavTa, masalebi saqarTve-

losa da kavkasiis istoriisaTvis, Tb. JJJJororororbebebebenanananaZe Ze Ze Ze 1993199319931993 _ b. JorbenaZe, onomastikuri, gulan, Tb. vavavavaxuSxuSxuSxuStitititi, , , , 1895189518951895 _ vaxuSti batoniSvili, saq. geografia, II wig-

ni, Tbilisi, 1895 w. JJJJaaaavavavavaxiSxiSxiSxiSvivivivili ili ili ili i, , , , 1967 1967 1967 1967 _ iv. JavaxiSvili, saq. ekonomikuri isto-

riis Zeglebi, wigni I, Tb, 1967.

Niko Otinashvili

Towards the Localization of Some Toponyms of the Ksani Gorge (Saeristao)

S u m m a r y

Many toponyms units are attested in the Georgian historical sources.

Bringing to light of these units is an ungent task. With this goal it is essential the mutual agreement of history, ethnography, archeology, toponymic research. We established the localization of some geographical names on the basis of the sources of the Ksani gorge.


mamamamaririririne osne osne osne osaaaaZeZeZeZe, , , , ninininino dano dano dano daTeTeTeTeSiSiSiSiZeZeZeZe

daniSnulebis konfiqsTa sitKvamawarmoebeli

funqciebi qarTul tarminologiaSi

derivaciuli sitKvawarmoeba enis leqsikuri fondis erT-erTi

gamamdidrebeli saSualebaa. bunebrivia, es procesi ufro metad aq-

tiurdeba terminologiaSi. termini brunebadi sitKvaa da swored

derivaciuli afiqsebi qmnian ZiriTad terminologiur semantikur

Jgufebs. cnobilia, rom afiqsebis darTviT terminis, rogorc leqsi-

kuri erTeulis, cnebiTi mniSvneloba icvleba. daniSnuleba-kuTvnilebis aGmniSvneli terminebi erT-erT Kve-

laze produqtiul Jgufs warmoadgens terminTa sistemaSi. maT sxva-

dasxva afiqsi aformebs qarTulSi, Cven mxolod sa_e da sa_o kon-

fiqsiT nawarmoeb terminebs gamovKofT. araerTi samecniero naSromi mieZGvna am afiqsTa semantikur da

struqturul Jgufebs. magram, miuxedavad amisa, saliteraturo si-

tKvawarmoebaSi Jer kidev arsebobs bundovaneba am konfiqsTa erTma-

neTisagan morfologiur-semantikuri gamiJvnisas. msgavsi problema

terminTa gaformebis drosac i

Cens Tavs, magram am konfiqsTa darTvis garkveuli tendencia

aq ufro metad SeiZleba gamoikveTos. sa_e konfiqsis xmareba enaSi sa_o-sTan SedarebiT SezGuduli

Cans. rogorc SeniSnaven, sa-o konfiqsi daerTvis TiTqmis Kovelgvar

saxels: arsebiTebs, zedsarTavebs, aseve zmnisarTebs, nawilakebs, sa-

xelzmnebs, warmoqmnil da rTulfuZian saxelebs. sa-e afiqsi Zalze

iSviaTad daerTvis rTul fuZes, nawarmoebsa da ucxo warmomavlo-

bis saxelebs (m. tuskia, 2004, gv. 87). Cveulebriv, enaSi sa-o da sa-e konfiqsebi erTsa da imave fu-

Zes ar daerTvian, magram iSiaTad, mainc vxvdebiT am afiqsebiT na-

daniSnulebis konfiqsTa sitKvawarmoebuli funqciebi...

171

warmoeb identuri Sinaarsis saxelebs: sanaGme _ sanaGmo, savizite

_ savizito, sakoqse _ sakoqso. aseTi dubletebi zogJer paralelu-

rad ixmareba sxvadasxva teminologiur leqsikonSi. Cans, rom erTnai-

ri formebis gamiJvna yirs. zogJer, qarTuli enis ganmartebiT leq-

sikonSi romelime formas aqvs miniyebuli upiratesoba, radgan is

literaturaSia damowmebuli. enaSi iseTi SemTxvevebic dasturdeba, rodesac erTsa da imave

fuZeze sa-e da sa-o konfiqsTa darTvisas semantikurad gansxvavebu-

li saxelebi miiGeba. aq SesaZlebelia ori SemTxveva gamoiKos: 1. am konfiqsebiT nawarmoeb terminebs Soris gansxvavebas gana-

pirobebs msazGvrel _ sazGvrulis semantika: saabreSume adgili _

saabreშumo iaraGi; saalbome qaGaldi _ saalbomo formati. 2. erTi da imave fuZis sa-e da sa-o konfiqsebiT gaformebas

ganapirobebs romelime enidan, magaliTad, rusulidan Targmnisas

zusti SesatKvisis moZiebis sayiroeba: sanomre _ номерник, სანომრო -

номерный; samoqlone _ заклепочный, samoqlono _ клепальный; saKa-

libe _ формовочный, saKalibo _ ополубочный, sahaere _ поддувало,

sahaero _ воздушный da a. S. sa-e da sa-o konfiqsTa funqciur ganmasxvaveblad miCneulia

TviT am afiqsTa sxvadasxvaoba. varaudoben, rom sa-e afiqsebis Tav-

dapirveli funqcia iKo mxolod daniSnulebis gamoxatva, sa-o-si ki

_ gankuTvneba (T. zurabiSvili, 1961, 154.). sa-o da sa-e konfiqsTa Sepirispirebas morfosemantikuri sa-

fuZveli udevs. magram zogJer maTi distribucia ver aixsneba si-

tKvis mniSvnelobiT da verc fuZe gansazGvravs am konfiqsTa xmare-

bis SemTxvevebs. saerTod yirs sakuTriv enobrivi faqtorebiT maTi

xmarebis normaTa dazusteba. sa-e da sa-o konfiqsebi daniSnulebisa da kuTvnilebis gamo-

mxatveli mawarmoeblebia. sa-o-s damatebiT Tvisebis gamoxatvac SeuZ-

lia. terminologiur sistemaSi am konfiqsTagan ufro produqtiu-

lia sa-o. is daerTvis rogorc qarTul leqsikur erTeulebs, ise

ucxo warmomavlobis saxelebs. ucxo warmomavlobis saxelTagan da-

erTvis mxolod arsebiT saxelebs da ar gvxvdeba nasesxeb zedsarTa-

ul saxelebTan.

m . o s a Z e , n . d a T e S i Z e

172

saanalizo masalam SesaZlebloba mogvca, gamogveKo am konfiq-

sebiT nawarmoeb terminTa zogierTi morfologiur-semantikuri Jgu-

fi: 1. sa-o konfiqsi daerTvis:

a) profesiis aGmniSvnel terminebs, romlebic mimGeobebisgan

iwarmoeba mxazveli _ samxazvelo; mxarSavi _ samxarSao;

damSleli _ sadamSlelo; ganmfuTveli _ saganmfuTvelo;

gamomyreli _ sagamomyrelo; gamomwveli _ sagamomwvelo;

gadamkvreli _ sagadamkvrelo; amwKobi _ saamwKobo;

amfeTqebeli _ saamfeTqeblo; mzareuli _ samzareulo;

amkinZavi _ saamkinZao; mSenebeli _ samSeneblo;

mKvinTavi _ samKvinTao; mrecxavi _ samrecxao;

mmarTveli _ sammarTveloda sxv. b) saxelebs, romlebic Tavisi semantikiT miuTiTeben ama Tu im

saqmianobaze, profesiaze:

Kasabi _ saKasbo; baKali _ sabaKlo;

feiqari _ safeiqro; durgali _ sadurglo;

zeinkali _ sazeinklo; dalaqi _ sadalaqo;

xarati _ saxarato da sxv. 3) me_e da me_ur_iT nawarmoeb xelobis aGmniSvnel termi-

nebs, Tumca maTi ricxvi Zalian mcirea: meTune _ sameTuneo. moZiebul masalaSi erTaderTi SemTxveva dafiqsirda, rodesac

me_ur-iT nawarmoeb profesiis aGmniSvnel termins sa_e konfiqsi

daerTvis: mececxluri _ samececxlure. am afiqsebiT gaformebuli terminebi mniSvnelobiT gamoxataven

ama Tu im saqmianobisaTvis, profesiisaTvis gankuTvnil saxelosnoe-

bs, dawesebulebas an saswavlebels. b) sa_o konfiqsi daerTvis rogorc qarTul, aseve ucxofuZi-

an kompozitebs. gamoiKofa ori Kalibi: 1. rodesac kompozitis meore komponents aformebs sa_o:

xanZarsawinaGo; avtosaremonto;

eleqtrosaizolacio; mexsawinaGo;

koroziasawinaGo; milsaSemduGeblo;

Termosaizolacio; Tvalsaxarato;

wKalsadawneo; eleqtrosamontajo;


173

Tevzsarewao; 2. sa_o daerTvis mTlianad rTul fuZes:

samTamadno; samimosvlo;

sadGeGamiso; sauGeltexilo;

sazonaTSoriso; saangarSgebo;

sazeganakveTo; sagareubno;

saTvalTvalo; saraionTSoriso;

samTamaSvelo; samTamadno;

samiwaTmoqmedo; saliTografio;

saradiolokacio; satelegrafo. sa_e konfiqsi Zalze iSviaTad daerTvis kompozitebs. saanali-

zo masalaSi mxolod ramdenime SemTxveva dasturdeba: winaGsapire;

sapirwone; saqvesarTule; saTiTistre. zemoaGniSnul formebs, umetesad, mxolod daniSnulebis seman-

tika aqvT.

g) sa_o mawarmoebeli krebiTi saxelebis fuZeebisagan awarmo-

ebs axal terminebs, romlebic aGniSnaven adamianTa erTobas, simrav-

les.

xalxi _ saxalxo; gundi _ sagundo;

eri _ saero; Jari _ saJaro;

Jgufi _ saJgufo; nadi _ sanado;

mamiTadi _ samamiTado da sxv. d) zedsarTavi saxelis fuZisgan sa_o konfiqsi iSviaTad awar-

moebs axal terminebs: Savi_saSavo; sufTa_sasufTao; maGlivi_sa-

maGlivo; moxmobil formebs zogadad xelovnurobis ieri dahkravT, mag-

ram terminologiur sitKvawarmoebaSi es Cveulebrivi procesia. e) sa_o daerTvis saxelzmnebs:

mimoxilva _ samimoxilvo; dazGveva _ sadazGvevo;

datvirTva _ sadatvirTvo; dawneva _ sadawneo;

aGricxva _ saaGricxvo; svla _ sasvlo;

gasavali _ sagasavlo; laparaki _ salaparako; sa_e konfiqsi ZiriTadad saxelTagan awarmoebs daniSnulebisa

da gankuTvnebis terminebs: sabaTqaSe; saboTle; saTofe; savele; saa-


174

nalizo masalam SesaZlebloba mogvca, gamogveKo sa_e konfiqsiT ga-

formebul terminTa morfologiur_semantikuri Jgufebi.

es konfiqsi aformebs terminebs, romlebic gamoxataven:

a) sagnis saTavss an adgils (sasilose, saCaie, sapudre);

b) sagnis damamzadebel masalas (saasfalte (naxSiri), sagobe-

lene (rifsi), samartene (Gumeli), saavtomate (foladi);

d) adgils, sadac mzaddeba raime sagani (sakabele qarxana, sa-

koqse Gumeli, saparkete saamqro). gansakuTrebiT saintereso suraTs gviCvenebs sa_e da sa_o

konfiqsebi ucxo fuZeebze darTvisas. sa_o konfiqsi iseve funqcionirebs ucxo warmomavlobis fu-

ZeebTan, rogorc qarTulTan. warmoebis principebi ZiriTadad mi-

sdevs rogorc saliteraturo qarTulSi moqmed wesebs, aseve Cven

mier gamoKofil semantikur Jgufebs. terminologiur sitKvawarmoebaSi sa_o konfiqsiT nawarmoebi

zedsarTavebi xSirad mniSvnelobiT emTxveva _ur(ul) sufiqsian

formebs, iZens _ur(ul) sufiqsis mazedsarTavebel Tvisebas. amito-

maa, rom sa_o da _ur(-ul) afiqsiani formebi xSirad erTmaneTis

paralelurad, sinonimuri mniSvnelobiT gvxvdeba sxvadasxva dargob-

riv leqsikonebSi: sakulminacio wertili _ kulminaciuri wertili;

sainduqcio koyi _ induqciuri koyi; sainercio starteri _ iner-

ciuli starteri; safaceco dafa _ facecuri dafa; sareproduqcio

fena _ reproduqciuli fena. amgvari sinonimuri formebis garda

enaSi zogJer mcdaradaa damkvidrebuli -ur sufiqsiani warmoeba. es

is SemTxvevebia, roca -ur sufiqsiani zedsarTavi Tvisebas aGniSnavs

da ara daniSnulebas. swored amitomac musikaluri skola Secvala

samusiko skolam da sportuli maGazia _ sasporto maGaziam. sa_o da sa_e konfiqsTa distribucia ucxo warmomavlobis sa-

xelebTan rTulia. qarTul fuZeebTan sitKvaTa am afiqsebiT gafor-

meba xSirad semantikuri faqtoriTaa Sepirobebuli, ucxo sitKvis

Sinaarsi ki aZnelebs sa_o da sa_e konfiqsTa ganawilebas. zog Se-

mTxvevaSi ucxo warmomavlobis fuZesTan sa_o da sa_e konfiqsTa

ganawilebis ZiriTadi safuZveli sitKvis fuZis gaformebaa. gamoikve-

Ta, rom sa_o konfiqsi daerTvis _ia-ze da cia-ze daboloebul sa-

xelebs da am poziciaSi mas arasodes Seenacvleba sa_e: saaviacio;

saproeqcio; sakancelario; sailustracio; saimperio; sainventariza-


175

cio; sakanalizacio; sakvalifikacio; saeskalacio; salokacio; sako-

leqcio; sakalkulacio; sadotacio; sakompensacio... sa_e konfiqss, romelic, Cveulebriv, gamoxatavs mxolod da-

niSnulebasa da gankuTvnebas, terminologiaSic igive funqcia akis-

ria, imisda miuxedvad, ucxo warmomavlobisaa termini Tu ara. is

ucxo warmomavlobis saxelebTan SedarebiT iSviaTad ixmareba. ter-

minologiur leqsikonebSi fiqsirebuli masalis mixedviT, sa_e kon-

fiqsis xmarebis SemTxvevebis ori Jgufi gamoiKofa: 1. fuZes awarmoebs mxolod sa_e konfiqsi: saavtomate (saavtomate foladi); sabalone (sabalone mili);

saasfalte (saasfalte naxSiri); sabombe (sabombe liuki); sabroSure

(sabroSure nemsi); sabuqsire (sabuqsire Keli); samartene (samartene

aguri); saSpale (saSpale amonayeri); samikrofone (samikrofone mi-

li); sasilose (sasilose koSki) da sxv. 2. fuZes awarmoebs sa_e da sa_o-c (e. i. gvaqvs paraleluri

warmoeba). saalbome _ saalbomo (saalbome qaGaldi da saalbomo forma-

ti); sabalaste _ sabalasto (sabalaste fila da sabalasto mina-

revi) sabandaje _ sabandajo (sabandaje foladi da sabandajo rkina) sabuqsire _ sabuqsiro (sabuqsire signali da sabuqsiro sawe-

vari) sakabele _sakabelo (sakabele qarxana da sakabelo televizia) sakalibre _sakalibro (sakalibre saamqro da sakalibro rgo-

li) amgvarad, terminologiaSi pirveli qveJgufis terminebSi sa_e

konfiqsi aGniSnavs daniSnulebas (saavtomate _ niSnavs avtomatisa-

Tvis gankuTvnils). magram isini SesaZlebelia sa-o-Tic iKos damkvid-

rebuli saliteraturo qarTulSi. magaliTad, qarTuli enis ganmar-

tebiT leqsikonSi es zedsarTavi swored saavtomato formiT gvxvde-

ba. aseve, termini sabroSure qarTuli enis ganmartebiT leqsikonSi

sabroSuro formiTaa warmodgenili. amgvari paraleluri formebi

enaSi iwvevs merKeobas saerTod sa_e da sa_o konfiqsebis xmarebi-

sas.


176

meore qveJgufSi Semavali terminebi paraleluri warmoebiT

dasturdeba ara Tu sxvadasxva, aramed erTsa da imave terminologi-

aSic, am SemTxvevaSi SeuZlebelia gansxvavebul semantikaze saubari.

sa_e da sa_o konfiqsebi erTmaneTs enacvleba erTsa da imave sa-

zGvrulTanac, magaliTad,sakoqso Gumeli da sakoqse Gumeli. ra

Tqma unda, amgvar SemTxvevebSi SeuZlebelia semantikuri diferencia-

ciis Zieba. miuxedavad aGniSnuli siyrelisa da sirTuleebisa, romlebic

saanalizo masalaSi igrZnoba, uTuod dgeba sakiTxi maTi funqciur-

semantikuri Taviseburebebis gamokveTisa, radganac terminologiaSi

xelovnuri Carevis ufro meti SesaZlebloba arsebobs da afiqsTa

semantikis gamiJvnac xerxdeba. Tumca enis ganviTarebis am etapze

yirs gansxvavebuli sitKvawarmoebis zogadi kriteriumebis daZebna. dGeisaTvis ucxo warmomavlobis saxelebTan sa_o da sa_e

konfiqsebiT gaformebul terminTa semantikuri sxvaoba mainc gabun-

dovanebulia. amis mizezi albaT fuZis ucxo warmomavloba unda

iKos. saliteraturo qarTulSi ki, diferenciaciis tendencia ufro

SesamCnevia. mniSvnelobaTa sxvaoba erTi da imave fuZisagan nawarmo-

eb saxelebTan mjGavndeba. sacolo niSnavs, vajs, romelic qorwinebis

asakisaa, sacole _ qals, romelic colad unda iTxovos vajma (b.

JorbenaZe, m. kobaiZe, m. beriZe, 1988). sa_o konfiqsi ucxo warmomavlobis sitKvebSi SedarebiT na-

klebad ixmareba daniSnulebis funqciiT. mis amosaval funqciad

terminologiaSi unda vivaraudoT Tvisebis gamoxatva, adieqtivacia.

aqedan gamomdinare, sa_o konfiqsiT warmodgenil ucxo fuZes ar

unda Seenacvlos sa_e konfiqsi, magram paralelur formebad mainc

dasturdeba sanoto(niSani) da sanote(niSani). ra Tqma unda, zed-

sarTavi saxeli gaformebuli unda iKos mxolod sa_o konfiqsiT,

radgan zedsarTavi sanoto gamoxatavs niSnis Tvisebas, sanote ki Se-

saZlebelia iKos specialuri sadgami an CanTa notebisaTvis. amgvarad, sa_o konfiqsis sitKvawarmoebiTi unari qarTulSi

didia. ucxo warmomavlobis saxelebze darTuli es konfiqsi xSirad

enacvleba _ur(-ul) sufiqsian formebs (musikaluri _ samusiko),

magram sayiroa am formaTa semantikuri diferenciaciis safuZvelze

dazustdes maTi gamoKenebis sazGvrebi. aqve daismis naTesaobiTbrun-

vian formebTan mimarTebac, radgan naTesaobiTi brunvis formiT


177

warmodgenili ucxo warmomavlobis saxeli SeiZleba iKos sa_o an

_ur(-ul) afiqsian saxelTa sinonimuri forma. umeteswilad ki,

formaTa sxvaoba semantikur diferenciacias iwvevs da maTi urTier-

TCanacvleba SesitKvebaSi SeuZlebelia (mag., filologiis fakulte-

ti,filologiuri gamokvleva, safilologo saqme; musikis maswavlebe-

li, musikaluri niyi, samusiko skola). amgvar SesitKvebebSi afiqsTa

sxvadasxvaoba mkveTrad gamiJnavs semantikasac. roca naTesaobiTSi da-

smuli msazGvreli kuTvnilebis aGmniSvnelia, mas ver Seenacvleba

sa_o an _ur(-ul) afiqsiani formebi (sportis ostati da ara

sportuli ostati an sasporto ostati). sa_o konfiqsian da _ur(-ul) sufiqsian formebs Tavisi seman-

tikuri arealebi aqvs. sa_o konfiqsi upiratesad gamoiKeneba daniS-

nulebis gamosaxatavad. aseTi Sinaarsis gamosaxatavad _ur(-ul) su-

fiqsiani warmoeba ar gvxvdeba. rodesac sayiroa gamoixatos ara da-

niSnuleba da gankuTvneba, aramed warmomavloba da Tviseba risame,

maSin ucxo warmomavlobis fuZe gaformebulia _ur(-ul) sufiqsiT.

Sdr. iaponuri firma, iaponuri gamokvlevebi, teqnikuri progresi. enaSi SesaZlebelia erTi da imave fuZeze darTuli sa_o da

_ur(-ul) afiqsiani formebi mniSvnelobiT erTmaneTs faravdnen, e.i.

isini garkveul SesitKvebebSi sinonimebs warmoadgendnen. Sdr. sade-

rivacio afiqsi da derivaciuli afiqsi. SesitKvebebSi saderivacio

da derivaciuli sinonimebia, vinaidan sadervacio aris forma, rome-

lic daniSnulebis gamomxatvelia, magram imavdroulad mas Tvisebis

aGniSvnac SeuZlia(saderivacio afiqsi gamoxatavs imave mniSvnelo-

bas _ rasac derivaciuli). dasasrul, unda SevniSnoT erTi saKuradGebo movlena, rome-

lic swored terminologiur sitKvawarmoebaSi dafiqsirda.ufro

Zvel terminologiebSi ucxo sitKvebSi Tvisebis gamoxatva sa_e kon-

fiqsiT TiTqmis uTanabrdeboda sa_o-s. es faqti migvaniSnebs, rom

am afiqsTa Tavdapirveli funqcia mainc ucxo fuZis adaptaciaa. ga-

qarTulebis procesi da am afiqsTa funqciebis gadanawileba ki Se-

mdgom xdeba. axal terminologiebSi ki, ufro ikveTeba sa_o-s upi-

ratesoba Tvisebis aGmniSvnel ucxo fuZeebSi.


178


zurabiSvili zurabiSvili zurabiSvili zurabiSvili 1961196119611961 _ T. zurabiSvili, `toponimikis Seswavli-

saTvis~, qarTvelur enaTa struqturis sakiTxebi, t. II, 1961.

GambaSiZe GambaSiZe GambaSiZe GambaSiZe 1984198419841984 _ r. GambaSiZe, `profesiis aGmniSvnel termin-

Ta warmoebis zogi sakiTxi~, qarTuli sitKvis kulturis sakiTxebi,

wigni VI, Tb., 1984.

tuskiatuskiatuskiatuskia, , , , 2004200420042004 _ m. tuskia, `saxelTa afiqsuri warmoeba axal

saliteraquro qarTulsa da dialeqtebSi, Tb., 2004, Tb., un., gamo-

mcemloba.

teqnikuri terminologia _ 1935, 1942, 1957, 1977.

radioteqnikis terminologia _ 1947, 1966.

soflis meurneobis terminologia _ 1959.

t. eleqtrowevis terminologia _ 1965.

sazGvao terminologia _ 1985.

geofizikis terminologia _ 1986.

ekonomikuri da demografiuli terminologia _ 2001.

botanikuri leqsikoni _ 1961.

frinvelebis nomenklaturuli terminologia _ 1973.

Marine Osadze, Nino Dateshidze

Word-Formative Functions of Confixes of Designation in Georgian Terminology

S u m m a r y

Terms, denoting designation and attribution represent one of the most

productive groups in the system of terminology. They are formed by various affixes

in Georgian language. The terms, formed by sa-e and sa-o are viewed in the article.

Morphological-semantic delimitation of these confixes in literary Georgian

represents problem. In terminology system certain trends are more clearly seen,

although similar problems appear in regard to terms too. In particular, these affixes


179

are attached to one and the same root and form names of identical content, as well as

semantically different entities.

Morphological-semantic group of terms, formed by these confixes are

represented in this article.

Picture of special interest is displayed by sa-e sa-o confixes in the case of

adding to foreign roots. Confix sa-o is used with the function of designation in the

words of foreign origin relatively seldom, addiactivation should be considered its

core function.

Confix sa-e is used in foreign words relatively seldom and mainly denotes

designation and attribution, but the cases of parallel formation by sa-o are also

encountered, indicating to the process of initial function of these affixes, adaptation

of foreign roots, process of Georgianization.


medea saGlianimedea saGlianimedea saGlianimedea saGliani, , , , elisabed gazdelianielisabed gazdelianielisabed gazdelianielisabed gazdeliani

svanuri enis laSxur da balsqvemour dialeqtTa

interferenciis erTi kerZo SemTxvevisaTvis kodoris

(resp. dalis) xeobaSi

ÀÒÍ. ÜÉØÏÁÀÅÀÓ ÄÍÀÈÌÄÝÍÉÄÒÄÁÉÓ ÉÍÓÔÉÔÖÔÉÓ ÓÅÀÍÖÒÉ ÄÍÉÓ ÛÄÌÓßÀÅ-

ËÄËÉ ãÂÖ×É (Ä. ÂÀÆÃÄËÉÀÍÉ, Ò. àÊÀÃÖÀ, Ì. ÓÀÙËÉÀÍÉ, Ø. ÌÀÒÂÉÀÍÉ-ÓÖÁÀÒÉ,

Ø. ÌÀÒÂÉÀÍÉ, Ò. ÉÏÓÄËÉÀÍÉ) ÐÒÏ×. É. ÜÀÍÔËÀÞÉÓ áÄËÌÞÙÅÀÍÄËÏÁÉÈ ÖÊÅÄ

ÒÀÌÃÄÍÉÌÄ ßÄËÉÀ ÉÊÅËÄÅÓ ÓÅÀÍÖÒÉ ÄÍÉÓ ÈÉÈØÌÉÓ ÛÄÖÓßÀÅËÄË ÖÁÀÍÓ _

ÊÏÃÏÒÉÓ (resp. ÃÀËÉÓ) áÄÏÁÉÓ ÌÄÔÚÅÄËÄÁÀÓ ÆÄÌÏÓÅÀÍÖÒ ÃÉÀËÄØÔÈÀ ÌÏÍÀ-

ÝÄÌÄÁÉÓ ÌÉáÄÃÅÉÈ, ÒÏÌÄËÉÝ, ÞÉÒÉÈÀÃÀÃ, ÉÍÔÄÒ×ÄÒÄÍÝÉÖËÉ ÌÏÅËÄÍÄÁÉÈ

ÛÄÌÏÉ×ÀÒÂËÄÁÀ.

ÊÏÃÏÒÖË ÔÄØÓÔÄÁÆÄ ÌÖÛÀÏÁÉÓ ÐÄÒÉÏÃÛÉ ÜÅÄÍÉ ÂÀÍÓÀÊÖÈÒÄÁÖËÉ

ÚÖÒÀÃÙÄÁÀ ÌÉÉØÝÉÀ ÀÌÀÅÄ ÀÒÄÀËÛÉ, ÊÄÒÞÏÃ, ÓÏ×ÄË ÂÅÀÍÃÒÀÛÉ, ÌÝáÏÅÒÄÁÉ

ËÀÛáÄËÉ ÒÄÓÐÏÃÄÍÔÉÓ1, ÊÏÃÏÒÄËÉ ÁÀËÓØÅÄÌÏÄËÄÁÉÓ, ÂÖãÄãÉÀÍÄÁÉÓ,

ÒÞËÉÓ, ÏÒÌÏÝÉ ßËÉÓ ÉÒÌÀ ÊÏàÁÉÀÍÉÓ, ÌÄÔÚÅÄËÄÁÉÓ ÈÀÅÉÓÄÁÖÒÄÁÄÁÌÀ, ÒÏ-

ÌÄËÌÀÝ ÓÀÛÖÀËÄÁÀ ÌÏÂÅÝÀ ÂÀÌÏÂÅÄÅËÉÍÀ ÉÍÔÄÒ×ÄÒÄÍÝÉÖËÉ ÌÏÅËÄÍÄÁÉ

ÉÓÄÈ ÃÀÛÏÒÄÁÖË ÃÉÀËÄØÔÄÁÓ ÛÏÒÉÓ, ÒÏÂÏÒÉÝÀÀ ËÀÛáÖÒÉ ÃÀ ÁÀËÓØÅÄÌÏ-

ÖÒÉ. ÌÈØÌÄËÉ, ÒÏÂÏÒÝ ÖÊÅÄ ÉÈØÅÀ, ßÀÒÌÏÛÏÁÉÈ ËÀÛáÄËÉÀ. ÉÂÉ 1997

ßËÉÃÀÍ (Ä. É. ÀÈÉ ßËÉÓ ÂÀÍÌÀÅËÏÁÀÛÉ) ÝáÏÅÒÏÁÓ ÊÏÃÏÒÉÓ (resp. ÃÀËÉÓ)

áÄÏÁÀÛÉ ÁÀËÓØÅÄÌÏÄËÈÀ ÂÀÒÄÌÏÝÅÀÛÉ, ÒÀÌÀÝ ÌÍÉÛÅÍÄËÏÅÀÍÉ ÂÀÅËÄÍÀ ÌÏÀá-

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ÒÞÉÓ ÂÀÒÄÛÄ ÀÒ ßÀÒÌÏÈØÅÀÌÓ.

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×ÏÒÌÀÓÀÝ ÉÚÄÍÄÁÓ.


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ÐËÄØÓÈÀ ÛÄÌÃÄÂ ÊÏÌÁÉÍÀÝÉÄÁÓ ÉÞËÄÅÉÀÍ ÓÅÀÍÖÒÛÉ: É+É, É+Ï, À+Ä, À+Ï.

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(ØÀËÃÀÍÉ 1953, 196), ÈÖÌÝÀ É+É ÊÏÌÐËÄØÓÉÓ ÄËÉÆÉÉÓ ÛÄÌÈáÅÄÅÄÁÉÝ ÂÀÌÏ-

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ÌÀÉÍÝ ÓÀÂÒÞÍÏÁÉÀ.

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ÈÉÈØÌÉÓ ÓÖË ÀÒ ÀáÀÓÉÀÈÄÁÓ. ÆÄÌÏÓÅÀÍÖÒÉÓ áÌÏÅÀÍÈÀ ×ÛÅÉÍÅÉÄÒ ÛÄÌÀÒ-

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áÌÏÅÍÄÁÉ ÌÏÖÃÉÓ (ÑÙÄÍÔÉ 1949, 123-125). ÄÓ ÌÏÅËÄÍÀ ÍÀÓÄÓáÄÁÉ ÌÀÓÀËÉÓ

ÀÍÀËÉÆÉÈÀÝ ÃÀÃÀÓÔÖÒÄÁÖËÉÀ (ÓÀÙËÉÀÍÉ 2008, 196-211).

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ÅÄÒÝ ÄÒÈ ÃÉÀËÄØÔÛÉ ÅÄÒ ÃÀÅÀÃÀÓÔÖÒÄÈ. Å. ÈÏ×ÖÒÉÀÓÀ ÃÀ Ì. ØÀËÃÀÍÉÓ

`ÓÅÀÍÖÒ ËÄØÓÉÊÏÍÛÉ" ÌÉÓ ÛÄÓÀÔÚÅÉÓÀÃ ÂÅáÅÃÄÁÀ ÛÄÌÃÄÂÉ ×ÏÒÌÄÁÉ:

ÄÜéÍÙíÍ, ÄÜÖÍÙíÍ (ÁÆ., ËÛá.)1, ÄÜÖÍÙÏ, ÄãéÍÙæÄ, ÄãØÀÍÙæÄ|ÄÜØÀÍÙæÄ

(ÁØ.), ÄÜÀÍÙÏ (ËÍÔ.) `ÛÄÌÃÄÂ, ÉÌÉÓ ÛÄÌÃÄÂ". Å×ÉØÒÏÁÈ, ÄÓ ÀÒÉÓ ÌÈØÌÄËÉÓ

ÌÉÄÒ ÛÄØÌÍÉËÉ, ËÀÛáÖÒ-ÊÏÃÏÒÖË ÃÉÀËÄØÔÈÀ ÛÄÒÄÅÀ-ÛÄãÅÀÒÄÁÉÓ ÛÄÃÄÂ-

ÀÃ ÌÉÙÄÁÖËÉ, ÉÍÔÄÒ×ÄÒÄÍÝÉÖËÉ ×ÏÒÌÀ, ÒÏÌÄËÉÝ, ÌÉÓÉ ÀÆÒÉÈ, ÄÜéÍÙíÍ,

ÄÜÖÍÙíÍ ×ÏÒÌÀÈÀ ÛÄÌÏÊËÄÁÖËÉ ÅÀÒÉÀÍÔÉÀ.

Â) ËÀÛáÄËÉ ÒÄÓÐÏÃÄÍÔÉÓ ÌÄÔÚÅÄËÄÁÀÛÉ áÛÉÒÉÀ ÁÀËÓØÅÄÌÏÖÒÉ ÌÄ-

ÔÚÅÄËÄÁÉÓÈÅÉÓ ÁÖÍÄÁÒÉÅÉ ÉÓÂÀ|ÓÂÀ `ÛÉ" ÈÀÍÃÄÁÖËÉÀÍÉ (ÀÃÂÉËÉÓ ÂÀÒÄÌÏ-

ÄÁÉÓ ×ÖÍØÝÉÉÈ) ×ÏÒÌÄÁÉÓ ÂÀÌÏÚÄÍÄÁÉÓ ÛÄÌÈáÅÄÅÄÁÉ, ÌÀÂ.: ÀÌëÓÂÀ `ÀÌÀÛÉ",

ÄÜÄÎÓÂÀ `ÉÌÀÛÉ", ÖÍÉæÄÒÓÉÔÄÔÉÓÂÀ `ÖÍÉÅÄÒÓÉÔÄÔÛÉ", ÊËÀÓÉÓÂÀ `ÊËÀÓ-

ÛÉ", ÓÏ×ÄËÉÓÂÀ `ÓÏ×ÄËÛÉ", ÂæÀÒÉÓÂÀ `ÂÅÀÒÛÉ", ÌéÃêÎÓÂÀÎ `ÉÌÀÛÉÝ", ÞÉ-

ÒÉÓÂÀ `ÞÉÒÛÉ", ÄÊËÄÓÉêÎÓÂÀ `ÄÊËÄÓÉÀÛÉ" ÃÀ À. Û., ÍÀÝÅËÀÃ ËÀÛáÖÒÉ:

ÀÌëÎÓÀ, ÄÜëÎÓÀ, ÖÍÉæÄÒÓÉÔÄÔÉÓÀ, ÊËÀÓÉÓÀ, ÓÏ×ÄËÉÓÀ, ÂæÀÒÉÓÀ, ÌéÃ-

êÎÓÀÎ, ÞÉÒÉÓÀ, ÄÊËÄÓÉêÎÓÀ. ÌÈØÌÄËÉ ÈÉÈØÌÉÓ ÚÅÄËÂÀÍ ÁÀËÓØÅÄÌÏÖÒ ÉÓ-

ÂÀ|ÓÂÀ ÈÀÍÃÄÁÖËÄÁÓ áÌÀÒÏÁÓ ÃÀ ÀÒÀ ÌÉÓÉ ÃÉÀËÄØÔÉÓÈÅÉÓ Ö×ÒÏ ÁÖÍÄÁ-

ÒÉÅ Â ÈÀÍáÌÏÅÀÍÃÀÊÀÒÂÖË ÉÓÀ'Ó.

ÆÄÌÏÜÀÌÏÈÅËÉË ÉÓÂÀ|ÓÂÀ `ÛÉ" ÈÀÍÃÄÁÖËÉÀÍ ×ÏÒÌÀÈÀÂÀÍ ÆÏÂÉ ÉÍ-

ÔÄÒ×ÄÒÄÍÝÉÖËÉÀ, ÄÓÄÍÉÀ: ÀÌëÓÂÀ, ÂæÀÒÉÓÂÀ, ÌéÃêÎÓÂÀÎ, ÄÊËÄÓÉêÎÓÂÀ.

ÀÌÒÉÂÀÃ:

1. ÊÏÃÏÒÖË ÔÄØÓÔÄÁÆÄ ÌÖÛÀÏÁÉÓ ÐÄÒÉÏÃÛÉ ÜÅÄÍÉ ÂÀÍÓÀÊÖÈÒÄÁÖËÉ

ÚÖÒÀÃÙÄÁÀ ÌÉÉØÝÉÀ ÀÌÀÅÄ ÀÒÄÀËÛÉ, ÊÄÒÞÏÃ, ÓÏ×ÄË ÂÅÀÍÃÒÀÛÉ, ÌÝáÏÅÒÄÁÉ

ËÀÛáÄËÉ ÒÄÓÐÏÃÄÍÔÉÓ, ÊÏÃÏÒÄËÉ ÁÀËÓØÅÄÌÏÄËÄÁÉÓ, ÂÖãÄãÉÀÍÄÁÉÓ,

ÒÞËÉÓ, ÏÒÌÏÝÉ ßËÉÓ ÉÒÌÀ ÊÏàÁÉÀÍÉÓ, ÌÄÔÚÅÄËÄÁÉÓ ÈÀÅÉÓÄÁÖÒÄÁÄÁÌÀ, ÒÏ-

ÌÄËÌÀÝ ÓÀÛÖÀËÄÁÀ ÌÏÂÅÝÀ ÂÀÌÏÂÅÄÅËÉÍÀ ÉÍÔÄÒ×ÄÒÄÍÝÉÖËÉ ÌÏÅËÄÍÄÁÉ

ÉÓÄÈ ÃÀÛÏÒÄÁÖË ÃÉÀËÄØÔÄÁÓ ÛÏÒÉÓ, ÒÏÂÏÒÉÝÀÀ ËÀÛáÖÒÉ ÃÀ ÁÀËÓØÅÄÌÏ-

ÖÒÉ. ÌÉÓÌÀ ÀÈÉ ßËÉÓ ÂÀÍÌÀÅËÏÁÀÛÉ ÁÀËÓØÅÄÌÏÄËÈÀ ÂÀÒÄÌÏÝÅÀÛÉ ÈÀÍÀ-

ÝáÏÅÒÄÁÀÌ, ÒÏÂÏÒÝ ÅÍÀáÄÈ, ÌÍÉÛÅÍÄËÏÅÀÍÉ ÂÀÅËÄÍÀ ÌÏÀáÃÉÍÀ ÌÉÓ ÌÄÔÚÅÄ-

1 ËÀÛáÄËÉ ÍÀÔÀËÉÀ ÏÍÉÀÍÉÓ ÌÄÔÚÅÄËÄÁÀÛÉ ÖÂÒÞÄËáÌÏÅÍÏ (ÄÜÀÍÙÏ) ËÄØÓÄÌÀÝ

ÃÀÅÀ×ÉØÓÉÒÄÈ, ÈÖÌÝÀ ÉÒÌÀ ÊÏàÁÉÀÍÉÓ ÌÉÄÒ ÂÀÌÏÚÄÍÄÁÖËÉ ÄÜáÏ ×ÏÒÌÀ ÌÉÓÈÅÉÓ ÓÒÖËÉÀÃ

ÖÝáÏ ÀÙÌÏÜÍÃÀ.


193

ËÄÁÀÆÄ. ÄÓ ÂÀÅËÄÍÀ ÊÉ, ÜÅÄÍÉ ÃÀÊÅÉÒÅÄÁÉÈ, ÀÉÓÀáÀ ÒÏÂÏÒÝ ËÄØÓÉÊÀÆÄ, ÀÓÄ-

ÅÄ ×ÏÍÄÔÉÊÀ-ÌÏÒ×ÏËÏÂÉÀ-ÓÉÍÔÀØÓÆÄÝ.

ÛÄÅÍÉÛ.: ÖÍÃÀ ÉÈØÅÀÓ, ÒÏÌ ÄÓ ÀÒÉÓ ÐÉÒÅÄËÉ ÝÃÀ ËÀÛáÖÒ-ÊÏÃÏÒÖ-

ËÉ (resp. ÁÀËÓØÅÄÌÏÖÒÉ) ÉÍÔÄÒ×ÄÒÄÍÝÉÉÓ ÛÄÓßÀÅËÉÓÀ, ÅÉÍÀÉÃÀÍ ÀØÀÌÃÄ

áÄËÉ ÀÒ ÌÉÂÅÉßÅÃÄÁÏÃÀ ÊÏÃÏÒÉÓ (resp. ÃÀËÉÓ) áÄÏÁÀÛÉ ÌÝáÏÅÒÄÁÉ ÓáÅÀ

ËÀÛáÄËÉ (ÀÍ ÈÖÍÃÀÝ ËÄÍÔÄáÄËÉ) ÌÈØÌÄËÉÓ ÌÄÔÚÅÄËÄÁÉÓ ÍÉÌÖÛÄÁÆÄ.

2. ÖÐÉÒÅÄËÄÓ ÚÏÅËÉÓÀ, ÜÅÄÍÉ ÂÀÍÓÀÊÖÈÒÄÁÖËÉ ÚÖÒÀÃÙÄÁÀ ÌÉÉØÝÉÀ

ËÄØÓÉÊÀÌ, ÒÏÌÄËÆÄ ÃÀÊÅÉÒÅÄÁÀÌÀÝ ÍÀÈËÀÃ ÃÀÂÅÀÍÀáÀ, ÒÏÌ ÈÀÅÉÓ ÃÒÏÆÄ

ÄÝÄÒÉÃÀÍ ÊÏÃÏÒÉÓ áÄÏÁÀÛÉ ÜÀÓÀáËÄÁÖË ÂÖãÄãÉÀÍÈÀ ËÀÛáÄËÉ ÒÞËÉÓ ÉÒÌÀ

ÊÏàÁÉÀÍÉÓ ÌÄÔÚÅÄËÄÁÀÛÉ ÌÉÓÈÅÉÓ ÜÅÄÖËÄÁÒÉÅÉ ËÄØÓÉÊÖÒÉ ÄÒÈÄÖËÄÁÉÓ ÐÀ-

ÒÀËÄËÖÒÀÃ ÞÀËÉÀÍ áÛÉÒÀÃ ÉÓÌÉÓ ÁÀËÓØÅÄÌÏÖÒÉ ËÄØÓÄÌÄÁÉÝ, ÒÏÌËÄÁÉÝ

ÓÒÖËÉÀÃ ÁÖÍÄÁÒÉÅÀÃ ÂÀÌÏÉÚÖÒÄÁÉÀÍ.

3. ËÀÛáÄËÉ ÒÄÓÐÏÃÄÍÔÉÓ ÌÄÔÚÅÄËÄÁÀÛÉ, ÜÅÄÍÃÀ ÂÀÓÀÊÅÉÒÀÃ, ÄÒÈÉ

ßÉÍÀÃÀÃÄÁÀÝ ÊÉ ÀÒ ÀÙÌÏÜÍÃÀ ÉÓÄÈÉ, ÒÏÌÄËÉÝ ÁÀËÓØÅÄÌÏÖÒÉÓ ÂÀÅËÄÍÀÓ

ÀÒ ÂÀÍÉÝÃÉÃÄÓ. ÈÉÈØÌÉÓ ÚÅÄËÀ ßÉÍÀÃÀÃÄÁÀ ÉÍÔÄÒ×ÄÒÄÍÝÉÖËÉ ÀÙÌÏÜÍÃÀ.

4. ÀÒÀÄÒÈÉ ÓÀÉÍÔÄÒÄÓÏ ÓÐÄÝÉ×ÉÊÖÒÉ ×ÏÍÏËÏÂÉÖÒÉ ÈÖ ÌÏÒ×Ï-

ÓÉÍÔÀØÓÖÒÉ ÌÏÅËÄÍÀ ÃÀÃÀÓÔÖÒÃÀ ËÀÛáÄËÉ ÒÄÓÐÏÃÄÍÔÉÓ ÌÄÔÚÅÄËÄÁÀÛÉ.

5. ÉÒÌÀ ÊÏàÁÉÀÍÉÓ ÈÉÈØÌÉÓ ÍÀáÄÅÀÒÓÀÀÈÉÀÍ ÃÉÀËÏÂÛÉ ÐÀËÀÔÀËÖÒÉ

À áÌÏÅÍÉÓ ßÀÒÌÏÈØÌÉÓ ÄÒÈÀÃÄÒÈÉ ÛÄÌÈáÅÄÅÀÝ ÃÀÅÀ×ÉØÓÉÒÄÈ: æðÎ, ÃÉÀ!

`ÅÀÉ, ÃÄÃÀ"! (ÛÃÒ. ËÛá. æÀÎ, ÃÄÃÄ!), ÒÀÝ ÜÅÄÍÈÅÉÓ ÌÏÖËÏÃÍÄËÉ ÀÙÌÏ-

ÜÍÃÀ ÌÉÓÉ ÓÀÀÒÔÉÊÖËÀÝÉÏ ÁÀÆÉÓÉÃÀÍ ÂÀÌÏÌÃÉÍÀÒÄ.

6. ÒÀÝ ÛÄÄáÄÁÀ ÉÓÄÈ ÒÈÖË ×ÏÍÏËÏÂÉÖÒ ÌÏÅËÄÍÀÓ, ÒÏÂÏÒÉÝÀÀ

áÌÏÅÀÍÈÀ ÓÉÂÒÞÄ, ÜÅÄÍÉ ÒÄÓÐÏÃÄÍÔÉÓ ÓÀÀÒÔÉÊÖËÀÝÉÏ ÁÀÆÉÓÉÓÈÅÉÓ ÓÒÖ-

ËÉÀÃ ÁÖÍÄÁÒÉÅÉ ÃÀ Ö×ÒÏ ÌÀÒÔÉÅÉÀ, ÀÌÉÔÏÌÀÝ ÉÂÉ áÛÉÒÀÃ ÖÌÀÒÈÄÁÖËÏ-

ÃÀÝ áÌÀÒÏÁÓ ÂÒÞÄË áÌÏÅÍÄÁÓ, ÀÌÁÏÁÓ ÉØ, ÓÀÃÀÝ ÓáÅÀ ËÀÛáÄËÉ ÒÄÓÐÏÃÄÍ-

ÔÉÓ ÌÄÔÚÅÄËÄÁÀÛÉ ÀÒ ×ÉØÓÉÒÃÄÁÀ ÃÀ ÓÀÊÌÀÏÃ áÛÉÒÀÃ ÊÏÃÏÒÖË ÁÀË-

ÓØÅÄÌÏÖÒ ËÄØÓÉÊÖÒ ÄÒÈÄÖËÄÁÛÉÝ ÀÂÒÞÄËÄÁÓ áÌÏÅÍÄÁÓ, ÒÀÝ ÌÛÏÁËÉÖÒÉ

ÌÄÔÚÅÄËÄÁÉÓ ÂÀÅËÄÍÉÓ ÛÄÃÄÂÉÀ. ÈÖÌÝÀ áÛÉÒ ÛÄÌÈáÅÄÅÀÛÉ ÉØ ÖÂÖËÄÁÄË-

ÚÏ×Ó, ÓÀÃÀÝ ÉÓ ÓÀàÉÒÏÀ. ÒÀÙÀ ÈØÌÀ ÖÍÃÀ, ÄÓÄÝ ÁÀËÓØÅÄÌÏÖÒÉÓ ÂÀÅËÄÍÀÓ

ÖÍÃÀ ÌÉÄßÄÒÏÓ.

7. ÌÏÒ×ÏËÏÂÉÉÃÀÍ ÂÀÍÓÀÊÖÈÒÄÁÉÈ ÓÀÉÍÔÄÒÄÓÏ ÀÙÌÏÜÍÃÀ ÄØÓÊËÖ-

ÆÉÅÉÓ Í- ÐÒÄ×ÉØÓÉÀÍÉ (Í-ÄÚëÃÃÀ `ÂÅÚÀÅÃÀ") ×ÏÒÌÉÓ ÂÀÌÏÚÄÍÄÁÉÓ ÛÄÌÈáÅÄÅÀ,

ÒÀÝ ÁÀËÓØÅÄÌÏÖÒÈÀÍ ÛÄÒÄÅÀ-ÛÄãÅÀÒÄÁÉÓ ÍÉÀÃÀÂÆÄ ÖÍÃÀ ÀÉáÓÍÀÓ.

8. ÊÏÃÏÒÄËÉ ËÀÛáÄËÉÓ ÌÄÔÚÅÄËÄÁÀÛÉ ÛÄÅÍÉÛÍÄÈ ÓÀáÄËÈÀ ÌÒÀÅËÏ-

ÁÉÈÉ ÒÉÝáÅÉÓ ÌÀßÀÒÌÏÄÁÄËÉ ÓÖ×ÉØÓÄÁÉÓ ÀÙÒÄÅÀ. ÌÈØÌÄËÉ ÌÒÀÅËÏÁÉÈ ÒÉ-


194

ÝáÅÛÉ áÀÍ ËÀÛáÖÒÉ ÃÉÀËÄØÔÉÓÈÅÉÓ ÃÀÌÀáÀÓÉÀÈÄÁÄË -ëË ÓÖ×ÉØÓÓ ÉÚÄÍÄÁÓ,

áÀÍÀÝ ÁÀËÓØÅÄÌÏÖÒ -ÏË'Ó.

9. ÉÍÔÄÒ×ÄÒÄÍÝÉÀÌ, ÒÏÂÏÒÝ ÂÀÌÏÊÅËÄÅÀÌ ÀÜÅÄÍÀ, ÂÒÀÌÀÔÉÊÉÓ ÚÅÄËÀ

ÖÁÀÍÆÄ ÉÜÉÍÀ ÈÀÅÉ ÃÀ ÌÀÈ ÛÏÒÉÓ ÍÀÝÅÀËÓÀáÄËÄÁÛÉÝ.

10. ÉÒÌÀ ÊÏàÁÉÀÍÉÓ ÌÄÔÚÅÄËÄÁÀÛÉ ÃÀÃÀÓÔÖÒÃÀ ÀÒÀÄÒÈÉ ÉÓÄÈÉ ÉÍ-

ÔÄÒ×ÄÒÄÍÝÉÖËÉ ÆÌÍÖÒÉ ×ÏÒÌÀ, ÒÏÌÄËÉÝ ÈÀÍÀÌÄÃÒÏÅÄ ÁÀËÓØÅÄÌÏÖÒÉ

ÈÖ ËÀÛáÖÒÉ ÃÉÀËÄØÔÉÓÈÅÉÓ, ÌÀÒÈÀËÉÀ, ÀÒÀÁÖÍÄÁÒÉÅÉ ÀÙÌÏÜÍÃÀ, ÈÖÌÝÀ

ÓÀ×ÉØÒÄÁÄËÉÀ ÉÓÉÝ, ÒÏÌ ÁÄÅÒ ÛÄÌÈáÅÄÅÀÛÉ ÛÄÓÀÞËÏÀ ÀÒØÀÖË ×ÏÒÌÄÁÈÀ-

ÍÀÝ ÂÅØÏÍÃÄÓ ÓÀØÌÄ.

11. ÒÀ ÈØÌÀ ÖÍÃÀ, ÝÅËÉËÄÁÄÁÉ ÛÄÉÍÉÛÍÄÁÀ ÓÉÍÔÀØÓÉÓ ÃÀÒÂÛÉÝ.

Å×ÉØÒÏÁÈ, ËÀÛáÖÒ-ÊÏÃÏÒÖËÉ ÉÍÔÄÒ×ÄÒÄÍÝÉÉÓ ÄÒÈ ÊÄÒÞÏ ÛÄ-

ÌÈáÅÄÅÀÆÄ ÃÀÊÅÉÒÅÄÁÀÌ ÓÀÊÌÀÏÃ ÓÀÉÍÔÄÒÄÓÏ ÛÄÃÄÂÄÁÉ ÌÏÂÅÝÀ ÒÏÂÏÒÝ

ËÄØÓÉÊÖÒÉ, ÀÓÄÅÄ ×ÏÍÄÔÉÊÀ-ÌÏÒ×ÏËÏÂÉÀ-ÓÉÍÔÀØÓÉÓ ÈÅÀËÓÀÆÒÉÓÉÈÀÝ.

ËÉÔÄÒÀÔÖÒÀ

ÈÏ×ÖÒÉÀ 1967 _ Å. ÈÏ×ÖÒÉÀ, ÛÒÏÌÄÁÉ I, ÓÅÀÍÖÒÉ ÄÍÀ I, ÆÌÍÀ,

ÈÁ.,1967.

ÌÀÒÂÉÀÍÉ-ÓÖÁÀÒÉ 2008 _ Ø. ÌÀÒÂÉÀÍÉ-ÓÖÁÀÒÉ, ÈÖÒÌÄÏÁÉÈÈÀ ßÀÒÌÏ-

ÄÁÀ ÄÍÂÖÒÉÓÀ ÃÀ ÊÏÃÏÒÉÓ áÄÏÁÀÈÀ ÌÏÓÀáËÄÏÁÉÓ ÌÄÔÚÅÄËÄÁÀÛÉ, ÊÀÅÊÀÓÉÏ-

ËÏÂÈÀ II ÓÀÄÒÈÀÛÏÒÉÓÏ ÓÉÌÐÏÆÉÖÌÉÓ ÌÀÓÀËÄÁÉ, ÈÁ., 2008.

ÌÀÒÂÉÀÍÉ-ÓÖÁÀÒÉ 2008 _ Ø. ÌÀÒÂÉÀÍÉ-ÓÖÁÀÒÉ, ÆÄÌÏÓÅÀÍÖÒ ÃÉÀËÄØÔ-

ÈÀ ÌÏÒ×ÏÓÉÍÔÀØÓÖÒÉ ÀÍÀËÉÆÉÓ ÆÏÂÉ ÀÓÐÄØÔÉ (ÄÍÂÖÒÉÓÀ ÃÀ ÊÏÃÏÒÉÓ áÄ-

ÏÁÀÈÀ ÌÏÓÀáËÄÏÁÉÓ ÌÄÔÚÅÄËÄÁÉÓ ÌÉáÄÃÅÉÈ), ×ÉËÏËÏÂÉÉÓ ÌÄÝÍÉÄÒÄÁÀÈÀ

ÃÏØÔÏÒÉÓ ÀÊÀÃÄÌÉÖÒÉ áÀÒÉÓáÉÓ ÌÏÓÀÐÏÅÄÁËÀÃ ßÀÒÌÏÃÂÄÍÉËÉ ÃÉÓÄÒÔÀ-

ÝÉÉÓ ÌÀÝÍÄ, ÈÁ., 2008.

ÑÙÄÍÔÉ 1949 _ Ó. ÑÙÄÍÔÉ, ÓÅÀÍÖÒÉ ÄÍÉÓ ×ÏÍÄÔÉÊÉÓ ÞÉÒÉÈÀÃÉ ÓÀÊÉ-

ÈáÄÁÉ, ÈÁ., 1949.

ÓÀÙËÉÀÍÉ 2008 _ Ì. ÓÀÙËÉÀÍÉ, áÌÏÅÀÍÈÀ ÛÄÌÀÒÈÅÀ ÃÀ ÌÉÓÉ ÓÀáÄÄÁÉ

ÓÅÀÍÖÒÉ ÄÍÉÓ ÍÀÓÄÓáÄÁ ×ÖÞÄÄÁÛÉ, ÈÁ., 2008.

ÓÀÙËÉÀÍÉ 2001 _ Ì. ÓÀÙËÉÀÍÉ, ÄËÉÆÉÀ ÓÅÀÍÖÒ ÄÍÀÛÉ, ÊÀÅÊÀÓÉÉÓ ÌÀÝ-

ÍÄ, ÈÁ., 2001.

ÓÀÙËÉÀÍÉ 2008 _ Ì. ÓÀÙËÉÀÍÉ, ÒÈÖËÉ ÄËÉÆÉÖÒÉ ÊÏÍÓÔÒÖØÝÉÄÁÉ

ÓÅÀÍÖÒÛÉ (ÓÅÀÍÖÒÉ ÄÍÉÓ ØÒÄÓÔÏÌÀÈÉÉÓ ÌÉáÄÃÅÉÈ), ÉÊÄ, XXXVI, ÈÁ., 2008.


195

ØÀËÃÀÍÉ 1953 _ Ì. ØÀËÃÀÍÉ, ÄËÉÆÉÀ ÓÅÀÍÖÒ ÄÍÀÛÉ, ÉÊÄ, Ô. V, ÈÁ.,

1953.

ÜÀÍÔËÀÞÄ 2007 _ É. ÜÀÍÔËÀÞÄ, áÌÏÅÀÍÈÀ ÓÉÂÒÞÄ ÒÏÂÏÒÝ ÉÍÔÄÒ×Ä-

ÒÄÍÝÉÖËÉ ÌÏÅËÄÍÀ ÊÏÃÏÒÉÓ (resp. ÃÀËÉÓ) áÄÏÁÀÛÉ ÂÀÃÀÓÀáËÄÁÖË ÁÀË-

ÓØÅÄÌÏÄËÈÀ ÌÄÔÚÅÄËÄÁÀÛÉ, ÀÒÍ. ÜÉØÏÁÀÅÀÓ ÓÀÊÉÈáÀÅÄÁÉ, XVIII, ÈÁ., 2007.

Medea Sagliani, Elisabed Gazdeliani

Towards One Case of Interference of the Lashkhian

and Low-Bal Dialects of Svan in the Kodori (resp. Dali) Gorge

S u m m a r y

During the working period on the Kodorian texts, our attention was called by

the speech peculiarities of 40 year old Lashkhian Irma Kotchbiani – living in the

village Gvandra, a sister-in-law of the Kodorian Low-Bal Gujejians. These

peculiarities gave us possibility to manifest the interferensive phenomena between

such distant dialects like Lashkhian and Low-Bal. Her living in surrounding of

Low-Bals for 10 years influenced on her speech. According to our observation, this

influence was reflected in vocabulary as well as in phonetics, morphology, syntax.

It can be noted, that it is the first attempt of researching the Lashkhian-

Kodorian (resp. Low-Bal) interference, as up today we could not obtain the speech

models of other Lashkhian (or Lentekhian) narrators living in the Kodori (resp. Dali)

gorge. We believe, that the observation on one case of Lashkhian-Kodorian

interference gave us very noteworthy outcomes from the viewpoint of vocabulary as

well as phonetics, morphology, syntax.


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nargiza surmavanargiza surmavanargiza surmavanargiza surmava

samxrul-qarTuli metKvelebis leqsikidan:

xoSxoSxoSxoS nawilaki

Tanamedrove qarTulSi xom xom xom xom kiTxviTi nawilakia, romlis daniS-

nulebaa, gamoxatos: a) SekiTxvis dros dadastureba (funqciurad igivea, rac àki~); b) uarKofiT nawilakebTan (ar, ver, aravin) _ da-eyveba (xom ar mosula?); g) uarKofiT konstruqciebSi _ Txovna (xom ver metKviT?).

SeniSnulia, rom Tanamedrove qarTulSi gamoKenebis sixSiriT xomxomxomxom nawilaki kiTxviT nawilakebs Soris pirvel adgilze dgas (S. af-ridoniZe 1987, gv. 83). sainteresoa, rom Zvel qarTul samwerlobo Zeglebis enaSi es nawilaki ar gvxvdeba. ar gvaqvs igi `vefxistKaosan-Sic~. amis dasturia simfonia-leqsikonebi (i. imnaiSvili, 1986; ve-fxistKaosnis simfonia, 1973).

magram SeuZlebeli araa, rom is arsebuliKo saubrul metKve-lebaSi. am mxriv, saKuradGebod gveCveneba n. CubinaSvilis ganmarte-ba: `xomxomxomxom zmniszeda, mdabiurad mniSvneli warTqmisa dasturad; me xom vnaxe ese da es, ведь, т. е. ведай, знаешь. // ukuTqmiTTa zmnaTa Tana hniSnavs kiTxvasa naculad aaaa? xom ar ginaxavs? xom ar mosula? ли?~ (n. CubinaSvili, 1861). am ganmartebidan sainteresoa ori momen-ti: erTi, rom leqsikonis Semdgeneli xom nawilaks mdabiur metKve-lebas ganakuTvnebs da meore, rom Zvel qarTulSi xom nawilakis funqciur eqvivalentad -aaaa kiTxviT nawilaks asaxelebs.

a. SaniZe xom nawilaks warmomavlobis mixedviT ukavSirebs ho/xo migebiT dadasturebiT nawilaks: xom<ho-m, xo<ho (a. SaniZe, 1973, gv. 609). igi arafers ambobs -m (ho-m) elementis Sesaxeb. isGa dagvrCenia vivaraudoT, -mmmm -memememe nawilakis naSTia, romelic Zvel qarTulSi xSirad Cndeba kiTxviT winadadebebSi, ris gamoc kiTxviT nawilakad aris cnobili. kiTxviT winadadebaSi me nawilaki xSirad daerToda kavSirs, nawilaks, gvxvdeboda kombinaciaSi kiTxviT -a na-

samxrul-qarTuli metKvelebis leqsikidan...

197

wilakTan erTadac (-mea ) (z. sarJvelaZe, 1997, gv. 160). me nawilaki gvevlineba sxva nawilakebis Semadgenladac: -mca, arame (arames Sesa-xeb ix. T. KauxCiSvili, 1946, gv. 283). mosalodnelia, rom nawilakebi _ arame da xom erTi modeliT iKos nawarmoebi: ara+me, ho+me > hom > xom .

aGsaniSnavia, rom Zvel qarTulSi ar Cans arc mtkicebiTi hohohoho nawilaki. iq am funqcias hehehehe asrulebs. (iKavn sitKua� Tqueni he _ he da ara _ ara. maTes saxareba 5. 37). aris he nawilakisagan nawarmoe-bi sitKva heheheheoooobabababa�� `dadastureba~ (z. sarJvelaZe, 1997, gv.578). sul-xan-sabas leqsikonSi vkiTxulobT: `hohohohoooooba hba hba hba hYYYY-s Tqma~. gvinda aqve aGvniSnoT, rom es he dGemdea Semonaxuli ayarulsa da sxva sa-mxrul kiloebSi nawilakis he�da/heda-s saxiT, romelic ixmareba, rogorc sitKvis masala, SewKvetili Txrobis gagrZelebisas, Sdr. `hoda~. SesaZlebelia Segvxvdes da nawilakis gareSec: he�/e�. sainte-resoa, rom mesxur kiloSi he nawilaki amjamadac gamoiKeneba migebi-Ti dadasturebiTi nawilakis funqciiT (informacia amis Sesaxeb mo-gvawoda marine beriZem), igi gvaqvs ingilourSic.

ho/xo nawilaks qarTuli warmoSobisad Tvlis h. fogti (h. fogti, 1961, gv. 13).

amrigad, saenaTmecniero literaturaze daKrdnobiT, SeiZleba iTqvas, rom: xom naxom naxom naxom nawiwiwiwilalalalaki qarki qarki qarki qarTuTuTuTuli enobli enobli enobli enobririririvi warmovi warmovi warmovi warmonaqnaqnaqnaqmniamniamniamnia; ; ; ; nanananawarwarwarwar----momomomoeeeebia hobia hobia hobia ho////xo daxo daxo daxo dadasdasdasdastutututurerererebiT nabiT nabiT nabiT nawiwiwiwilaklaklaklakze ze ze ze ––––memememe----s das das das darTrTrTrTviTviTviTviT; ; ; ; sasasasalilililiteteteterararara----tutututuro enaro enaro enaro enaSi SemoSi SemoSi SemoSi Semosusususulia salia salia salia saububububrurururuli metKveli metKveli metKveli metKvelelelelebibibibidandandandan.

dialeqtebSi SesaZlebelia Segvxvdes xom nawilakis variantebi: xoxoxoxo, xoxoxoxomamamama (aGmosavlur-qarTul kiloebSi: xoma xedavT!), xoxoxoxomemememe (zog dasavlur-qarTul dialeqtSi, mag., imerulsa da leCxumurSi ixmare-ba CakiTxvis dros: waxveli xome?); xuxuxuxuarararar////xvar xvar xvar xvar (<xom ar. dasavlursa da samxreT dasavlur kiloebSi: mesxursa da JavaxurSi, ayarulSi...). (b. JorbenaZe, m. kobaiZe, m. beriZe, morfemebis leqsikoni, 1988, gv.: 473-475).

ayarulSi, iseve rogorc sxva samxrul kiloebSi, sakmaod xSi-rad xom nawilakis oooo xmovani momdevno labialuri sonantis gavle-niT u-Si gadadis da viGebT xum fonetikur nairsaxeobas.

samecniero literaturaSi Seswavlilia sitKvaTganlageba xom kiTxviTi nawilakis Semcveli winadadebisa saliteraturo qarTulSi (S. afridoniZe, 1987). KuradGebas gavamaxvilebT CvenTvis saintereso zogierT momentze: a) xom nawilaks winadadebaSi SeiZleba eyiros Tvkiduri, Sua an bolokiduri pozicia. b) zmnasTan sintagmaSi Sema-vali nawilaki mudam prepoziciulia (kontaqturad an distanciu-

n . s u r m a v a

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rad) zmna-Semasmenlis mimarT. g) bolokidura an Semasmenlis momdev-no poziciaSi mdgomi xom nawilaki mTel winadadebas ganekuTvneba da misgan sasveni niSniTac gamoiKofa. (Cveni azriT, es is poziciaa, roca aGniSnuli kiTxviTi nawilaki funqciurad Zlier uaxlovdeba Sesabamis migebiT dadasturebiT nawilaks. n. s.). d) xom nawilaki uSualod uZGvis win uarKofiT nawilakebs, uarKofiT nacvalsaxe-lebsa da uarKofiT zmnisarTebs, romlebic Tavis mxriv uSualod win uZGvian Semasmenlebs. magram SeiniSneba iseTi SemTxvevebi, roca xom nawilaks Tavis adgilas ar aTavseben. darGveva wminda stilis-tikuri xasiaTisaa da mas maxvilis araswori gadanacvleba iwvevs. (iqve, gv.: 83-84).

SeiZleba iTqvas, rom samxruli metKveleba xom nawilakis gamoKenebisas sitKvaTganlagebis TvalsazrisiT raime arsebiT Tavise-burebas ar avlens, garda imisa, rom dialeqtur metKvelebaSi syar-bobs SemTxvevebi, roca xom nawilaki Tavis `kuTvnil~ adgilas ar dgas. magaliTad: `yama xom sircxvili araa, go!~

ayarulSi, nigalis, imerxevisa da mayaxlis metKvelebaSi xom/xum variantebis paralelurad SesaZloa Segvxvdes xoSxoSxoSxoS forma. raki fonetikuri cvla xoS<xom qarTul niadagze SeuZleblad Ca-vTvaleT, imTaviTve davuSviT, rom saqme gvaqvs nasesxobasTan, Tanac iseT nasesxobasTan, romelic bgerobriv Zlier hgavs Sesabamis qar-Tul sitKvas.

gamoKenebis TvalsazrisiT xoS arafriT gansxvavdeba xom nawi-lakisagan. xom-is msgavsad igi SeiZleba Segvxvdes winadadebaSi Tavki-dur, Sua da bolokidur poziciebSi, Sediodes zmnasTan, maT Soris zmnis uarKofiT formasTan, sintagmatur kavSirSi an miemarTebodes mTlianad winadadebas.

vidre saamiso nimuSebs davasaxelebdeT, gvinda aGvniSnoT, rom ayarul kiloSi amjamad xoSxoSxoSxoS forma SedarebiT iSviaTia. SeiZle-ba Segvxvdes upiratesad ufrosi Tobis metKvelebaSi an im ayarelTa metKvelebaSi, romelTac Turquli dialeqturi metKveleba dGemde SemounaxavT. aseTi oJaxebi SeiZleba Segvxvdes xulos raionSi Sema-val soflebSi: danisparauli, bako, Txilvana. magaliTad, gasul wels davadastureT danisparauleli bilingvi qalis - guliko miqe-laZe-SavaZis metKvelebaSi, romelmac agvixsna, rom am sitKvas es mniSneloba TurqulSic (anu im dialeqtSi, romelsac igi flobs) aqvso. qvemoT motanili nimuSebi ayaruli da ayaris farglebSi Se-mavali mayaxluri da kirnaT-maradiduli metKvelebisa Cawerilia Zi-riTadad gasuli saukunis 50-ian wlebSi m. cincaZisa da S. najaraZis


199

mier. rac Seexeba samxruli metKvelebis danarCen ubnebs _ imerxevs, TurqeTis mayaxelsa da nigals -xoSxoSxoSxoS nawilaki dGesac Cveulebrivad ixmareba xomxomxomxom-is paralelurad.

nimuSebi: `xoS giTxari?~ (mayax. sof. zeda CxutuneTi); ìm kacma xoS ar uTxra, rom amual �erze gaq ildizio!~ (m.

cincaZe, 1998, gv. 317); ès heqia arali, marTla gadamxTa, Tqven ar de?JerefT

xoS?~(iqve, gv. 320); `moxarSili iymeba, ise xoS ara?~(iqve, gv. 320); `ras mGeroben geignaØna, Tvara ise arafeli arØali xoS!~ (iqve,

gv. 324); àm TuTunebma, amnebma, gaxmeba-da! agze wvima ar mova xoS?~ (iq-

ve, 325) `qazima�s gogo xoS ar xar?~ (iqve, gv. 325); `ficari xoS ar vaxevief?~ (m. cincaZe, xelnaweri masalebi, ma-

yax. sof. qedqedi); `hidam mobZandiT Tqven, xulidam xoS ar CamobZandiT?~ (S. ni-

jaraZe, qarTuli dialeqtologia, xulo, gv. 396); `baGanam meiTxua da var xoS ver vetKodi? xoS ver gavawKen-

di?~ (Cveni masala, sof. danisparauli); `xoS mogitane?~(Cv. sof. danisparauli); `me xoS kaci ar var, ratonØna Segcxves?~ (m. faGava, imerxevi,

sof. bazgireTi); `SarSan xoS ar Cimixma Kana?~ (m. faGava, imerxevi, sof. xevwru-

li); `vicode, vitKode. xoS fuli ar minda, dagaweriebdi, codva

xoS ar ari, madlia~ (iqve, imerxevi, sof. virekani); `matli Senze didi xoS ar ari, gearos _ wevdes~ (iqve, imerxe-

vi, ustamisi). amrigad ueyvelia, rom xoS xoS xoS xoS Turqulis gziT damkvidrebuli na-

sesxobaa, igi Turquli da qarTuli enebis interferenciuli urTi-erTgavlenis Sedegia, dakavSirebulia bilingvizmsa da bilingvTa metKvelebaSi kodebis (ufro zustad, subkodebis Serevis proces-Tan). cnobilia, rom im bilingvTa metKvelebaSi, romlebic kargad floben orsav enas Tu am enaTa dialeqtur qvesistemas, anu enobriv kodsa Tu subkods, avtomaturad xdeba erTi kodidan (subkodidan) meoreze gadarTva. rac gamoixateba imaSi, rom bilingvi erT enaze saubrisas CaurTavs meore enis fragmentebs frazeologizmebis, mo-

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daluri sitKvebis, Sorisdebulebis, nawilakebis saxiT. sesxebas ad-vilad emorCileba funqcionaluri leqsika, formaucvleli sitKvebi, maT Soris nawilakebi. samxrul metKvelebaSi am tipis nasesxebi leq-sika sakmaod moipoveba: hem, meger, megem, gerCeq, ama, iSte, goiam, aJaf... da misT.

axla oriode sitKviT Turquli hoş leqsemis Sesaxeb. igi sparsuli warmoSobis sitKvaa. sxvaTa Soris, gvxvdeba sasaubro qar-TulSic, qarTuli enis ganmartebiT leqsikonSi (rvatomeuli) vki-TxulobT: `xoxoxoxoSiSiSiSi (spar. xoSi `sixaruli~, `siamovneba~) vulg. survi-li, ndoma, jini~. aGsaniSnavia, rom ayarulSi amgvari, ase vTqvaT, jargonuli gamoKeneba am sitKvas ar aqvs. magram gvxvdeba frazeolo-giur nasesxobaSi _ xoS geldun (misalmebis formula) (S. nijaraZe, 1971, gv. 439).

Turquli salit. enis leqsikonebis mixedviT, (Магазаник Д. А., 1945. Турецко-русский словарь, 1977. l. ClaiZe, 2001; o. memiSi, 1999) hoş sitKva aGniSnavs `sasiamovno, mimzidveli, kargi~, gamoiKeneba zedsarTavisa da zmnisarTis funqciiT. aqvs nawilakis Tu Sorisde-bulis funqciac, niSnavs: `kargi, erTi!, keTili! dae! mag., hoş gelmese de olur ya! kargi erTi, SeiZleba sulac ar movides!~ (l. ClaiZe, 2001).

aGniSnul leqsikonebSi ar Cans, rom hoş-i xom nawilakis fun-qciuri SesatKvisi iKos. Tumca isic unda gaviTvaliswinoT, rom na-wilakis adekvaturad Targmna Znelia, miTumetes xom nawilakisa, ro-melsac sxvadasxva funqciuri niuansebi aqvs, gamoxatavs erT SemTxve-vaSi dadasturebas, sxva SemTxvevaSi _ daeyvebas an Txovnas. mosa-lodnelia, rom sxva enebSi misi pirdapiri eqvivalenti arc iKos da am nawilakisaTvis damaxasiaTebeli niuansebi sxvadasxva saSualebebiT gadmoicemodes.

o. memiSi Tavis leqsikonSi xom nawilakis Turqul SesatKvise-bad asaxelebs ki, ya: `Sen xom icnob mas _ onu taniyorsun ya~.

amrigad, iqmneba STabeydileba, rom Turqul saliteraturo enaSi hoş sitKvas xom nawilakis adekvaturi funqcia ar aqvs. magram SesaZloa, am funqciis matarebeli iKos igi dialeqtur metKvelebaSi!

cnobilia, rom Turquli enis dialeqtebs Soris Taviseburebe-biT gamoirCevian aGmosavlur-anatoliuri da, gansakuTrebiT, Crdi-lo-aGmosavluri (Savi zGvis sanapiroebisa) kiloebi, anu samxrul-qarTuli metKvelebis sakontaqto kiloebi.

am mxriv sainteresoa murad Sahinis `mayaxluri leqsikonis~ monacemebi. murad Sahini TurqeTis mayaxlis mkvidria, dainteresebu-


201

li mSobliuri dialeqtiTa da folkloriT. man misi leqsikoni eleqtronulad, internetiT gaavrcela. (Cven igi mogvawoda m. faGavam risTvisac, madlobas vuxdiT). m. Sahinis leqsikonSi vkiTxu-lobT: `xomxomxomxom : hoş. xom ise ar ari : hoş öyle degil~.

sxvasTan (CvenTvis xelmisawvdomi wKaroebis mixedviT), Turqu-li hoş nawilaki rom qarTuli `xom~-is pirdapiri SesatKvisi iKos, ver davadastureT.

Cveni varaudiT, samxrul-qarTul metKvelebaSi Turqulma hoş nawilakma damatebiTi funqciebi SeiZina xom nawilakis gavleniT. am procesSi garkveuli roli Seasrula maTma bgerobrivma msgavsebam. arc imas gamovricxavT, rom im Turqul dialeqtSi, romelzec sa-mxreTeli qarTvelebi urTierToben erTmaneTSi, analogiuri movle-na gvqondes: aqac hoş sitKvas funqcia unda gaefarTovebina xom nawi-lakis analogiiT.

Sereuli orenovnebis SemTxvevaSi, romelsac adgili aqvs enaTa TviTSeswavlis pirobebSi, orive ena molaparakis cnobierebaSi Kalibdeba kategoriaTa erT sistemad imgvarad, rom nebismier ele-ments moepoveba Tavisi uSualo eqvivalenti meore enaSi. am dros enobrivi interferencia progresirdeba: viGebT Sinaarsis erT plans da or gamoxatulebiTs. xoS nawilakis SemTxvevaSic msgavsi procesia savaraudo.

amrigad, samxrul-qarTul metKvelebaSi xomxomxomxom nawilakis parale-lurad dadastureba masalobrivad da funqciurad msgavsi Turquli nasesxobisa _ xoSxoSxoSxoS, , , , warmoadgens enaTa interferenciuli urTier-Tgavlenis saintereso SemTxvevas.

lilililiteteteterarararatutututurararara afridoniZe afridoniZe afridoniZe afridoniZe 1987198719871987 _ S. afridoniZe, nawilakebis ganlageba `zo-

gad kiTxvebSi~, ike, t. 26-e, Tb., 1987. Turqul-qarTuli leqsikoni, Semdgeneli l. ClaiZe, stamboli,

2001. imnaiSvili imnaiSvili imnaiSvili imnaiSvili 1973197319731973 _ i. imnaiSvili, `qarTuli oTxTavis simfo-

nia leqsikoni~, Tb. 1986; vefxistKaosnis simfonia, Tb. 1973). memiSiSi memiSiSi memiSiSi memiSiSi 1999199919991999 _ o. memiSi, leqsikoni qarTul-Turquli, Tur-

qul-qarTuli, Tb., 1999. nijaraZe nijaraZe nijaraZe nijaraZe 1971197119711971 _ S. nijaraZe, qarTuli enis ayaruli dialeq-

ti. leqsika, baTumi, 1971.

n . s u r m a v a

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sarJvelaZesarJvelaZesarJvelaZesarJvelaZe 1997199719971997 _ z. sarJvelaZe, Zveli qarTuli ena, Tb., 1997. fogti fogti fogti fogti 1961196119611961 _ h. fogti, qarTuli enis fonematuri struqtu-

ra, Tb., 1961. KauxCiSvili KauxCiSvili KauxCiSvili KauxCiSvili 1946194619461946 _ T. KauxCiSvili, zogi nawilakisa da kav-

Siris mniSvnelobisaTvis Zvel qarTulSi, ike t. 1, Tb., 1946. SaniZe SaniZe SaniZe SaniZe 1973197319731973 _ a. SaniZe, qarTuli enis gramatikis safuZvle-

bi, Tb., 1973. CubinaSvili CubinaSvili CubinaSvili CubinaSvili 1961196119611961 _ n. CubinaSvili, qarTuli leqsikoni, Tb.,

1961. cicicicincaZe ncaZe ncaZe ncaZe 1997199719971997 _ m. cincaZe, ayaruli teqstebi, qarTvelur ena-

Ta struqturis sakiTxebi, Tb., 1997. JorbenaZeJorbenaZeJorbenaZeJorbenaZe, , , , kobaiZekobaiZekobaiZekobaiZe, , , , beriZe beriZe beriZe beriZe 1988198819881988 _ b. JorbenaZe, m. kobaiZe, m.

beriZe, morfemebis leqsikoni, Tb., 1988. magazaniki magazaniki magazaniki magazaniki 1945194519451945 _ Магазаник Д. А., Турецко-русский словарь,

москва, 1945. Турецко-русский словарь, москва, 1977.

Nargiza Surmava

From Southern Georgian Speech Vocabulary: xoš /khosh/ particle

S u m m a ry

The particle xom /khom/ can occur phonetically changed in the form of xum

/khum/ variant in the southern speech. In parallel with xom/xum khom/khum forms xoš /khosh/ form occurs in some speeches – in Acharian, Nigal, Imer-Khevian and Machakhelian speeches.

The phonetic changing xoš>xom /khosh>khom/ is impossible in Georgian, which makes us to think that it is borrowing.

It is clear that the word “hoş” in the dialect speech of Turkish is used with the function of xom particle; e.g: The Machakhelian expression “xom ase ar ari” /khom ase ar ari/ in Turkish dialect it sounds as the following: hoş öyle değil (Murad Shahin, “Machakhlian Dictionary, Electronic Version”)

Thus, the evidence of materially and functionally similar Turkish Borrowing xoš /khosh/ in parallel with xom /khom/ particle is a noteworthy case in mixing of speech codes on the bilingualism ground.

qarTvelur enaTa struqturis sakiTxebiqarTvelur enaTa struqturis sakiTxebiqarTvelur enaTa struqturis sakiTxebiqarTvelur enaTa struqturis sakiTxebi. . . . X. . . . 2009200920092009

murmurmurmurman suman suman suman suxiSxiSxiSxiSvivivivilililili

gardamavlobis sakiTxi rTul zmnebSi (Zveli qarTulis mixedviT)

`Zveli qarTuli enis gramatikis~ kursSi a. SaniZe asaxelebs

ramdenime erTvalentian zmnas, romelTac brunvacvalebadi qvemdeba-re SeewKobaT (ì v n e b s kaci _ i v no kacman; d ai Z i n e b s igi _ d a -i Z i n a man; i x ar e b s mama� _ i x ar a mamaman da misT.~) da Semdegi saxis SeniSvnas akeTebs: aseT zmnebs SeiZleba pirobiT naxevrad gardamavali vuwodoTo (SaniZe, 1976, 59). amgvari pirobiTobis da-SvebiT irGveva gardamavlobis, rogorc sintaqsuri kategoriis, gan-sazGvris Tanmimdevruloba, romelic CvenSi a. SaniZem daamkvidra da rac zmnur SesitKvebaSi, brunvacvalebad qvemdebaresTan erTad, au-cileblad gulisxmobs brunvacvalebadi pirdapiri damatebis arsebo-basac (SaniZe, I, 1942, 183, 185).

amave `naxevrad gardamaval~ zmnaTa rigSi ganixileba zogi rTuli, erT- da orvalentiani, zmnac: n aT el - iGo man, n aT el -sc a man mas, T a v - uKo man mas... romlebic SesitKvebaSi pirdapir obieqts ar iCenen.

rogorc vxedavT, a. SaniZe kvlav daubrunda TiTqos ukve mivi-wKebul `naxevrad gardamavali~ zmnebis sakiTxs da sayirod miiCnia gadaesinJa gardamavlobis gramatikuli Sinaarsis ganmsazGvreli is kriteriumi, romelic Tavad CamoaKaliba da romlis arsic ase gani-marteboda:

oden brunvacvalebadi qvemdebare da sxva morfologiur-sin-taqsuri niSnebi zmnaTa garkveuli Jgufisa, `romlebic anaTesavebs maT gardamaval zmnebTan, migviTiTeben martooden maTs istoriaze~ (SaniZe, 1942, I, 187). sinqronul yrilSi aseTi zmnebi gardauval zmnaTa rigebSi ganixileba.

amdenad, brunvacvalebadi qvemdebaris mqone erT- da orvalen-tiani zmnebi, romelTac SesitKvebaSi ar (an, aGar) eZebnebaT pirda-piri damateba, gardauvali zmnebia. aseTia S e x ed a man mas, miuxeda-

m . s u x i S v i l i

204

vad istoriuli morfologiis faqtobrivi Cvenebisa (Se-xed-n-a), pir-dapiri damatebis odindel arsebobas rom adasturebs, aseTebia: mtkvarman g ard amox eTq a (moqceva� qarTlisa�, 777), `da m i i m ar -T a koltman man kldiT kerZo zGuasa~ (mark., 5,13 adiSiT); gulma ar mouTmi n a ; monadirem irems sd i a ; kamaTma didxans g a st a n a ; SuaGamem moata n a ; aleqsandrem Telavs g a sw i a ; `dareJanma asadgo-mad w a moiw i a ~ (i. yavy.); gzaSi Tovlma mog v a swro ; wvimam g ad a -iGo da misT. (SaniZe, 1942, I, 187).

gardauval zmnebad iKo kvalificirebuli a. SaniZis mier is rTuli zmnebic (ƒ m a - Ko , G aGad - Ko ) `sadac sitKvas, romelic warmoSobiT pirdapiri obieqtia (ƒƒƒƒmamamama, , , , GGGGaaaaGGGGadadadad) dakarguli aqvs damou-kidebeli sitKvis mniSvneloba da erT cnebas qmnis zmnasTan erTad (SaniZe, 1942, II, 289), e.i. SesitKvebaSi pirdapiri damateba ar gamo-vlindeba.

a. SaniZem es argumentebi sakmarisad miiCnia imisTvis, rom ua-reKo samecniero mimoqcevaSi (1930 w. `qarTuli enis gramatikaSi~) mis mier Semotanili termini `naxevrad gardamavali zmnebi brunvac-valebadqvemdebariani da pirdapiri damatebis armqone erT- an orva-lentian zmnaTa dasaxasiaTeblad: àmiT moxsnilia sakiTxi `naxevrad gardamavlobis~ Sesaxeb~ _ SeniSnavda mkvlevari da terminis dato-vebis marTebulobas mxolod teqnikuri mosazrebiTGa amarTlebda (SaniZe, 1942, I, 1871).

a.SaniZis mier kvlav SemoTavazebuli koreqtivi, marTalia, ar-Gvevs gardamavlobis sintaqsuri kategoriis gansazGvris erTmniSvne-lovnobas (gardamavalia zmna, romelsac SesitKvebaSi pirdapiri da-mateba eZebneba), magram ufro adekvaturad aGwers enis faqts: brun-vacvalebaqvemdebariani, magram pirdapiri damatebis armqone: i v n e b s igi _ i v no man, n aT el - sc e m s igi mas _ n aT el - sc a man mas... da brunvaucvlelqvemdebariani: d a sc xreb i s igi _ d asc xra igi da misT., gardamavlobis TvalsazrisiT, aseve, sxva morfologiur-sin-taqsuri Tu semantikuri maxasiaTeblebiT, identurni ver iqnebian.

isic unda gaviTvaliswinoT, rom a. SaniZis mier `Zveli qarTu-li enis gramatikaSi~ dasaxelebuli `naxevrad gardamavali~ zmnebi (da msgavsi sintaqsis bevri sxva zmnac) Zvel qarTulSi pirdapir da-matebasac igueben: v i v noT vnevnevnevnebabababa�� igi misi (sin. 258, 32-33); d a i Z i -n e s ZiZiZiZilililili maTi (fs. 75a6); i x ar a eg‚pteman gamogamogamogamoslvaslvaslvaslva�� maTi (fs. 104a38)...

aseTsave sintaqsur aramdgradobas pirdapiri damatebis qona-arqonis TvalsazrisiT gviCvenebs, rogorc amas zemoTac vnaxavT, zo-

gardamavlobis sakiTxi rTul zmnebSi

205

gierTi rTuli zmnac. amdenad, aseT SemTxvevebs sxvagvari, faqtis swori interpretaciis Sesabamisi, kvalifikacia unda mieces. termini `naxevradgardamavali~ _ brunvacvalebadqvemdebariani da pirdapiri damatebis armqone _ zmnebi aseT SemTxvevebs ar miesadageba. is mxo-lod faqtis diaqroniul interpretacias afiqsirebs.

rac Seexeba zogadad rTul zmnebs, _ am zmnaTa warmoeba, Se-madgeneli saxeluri (saxelebi da uformo sitKvebi) da zmnuri kom-ponentebi, am komponentTa wKoba da leqsikur-semantikuri mTliano-ba, raoba da struqtura, uGleba, saTanado gramatikuli kategorie-bi, sintaqsuri labiluroba, msgavseba-gansxvaveba rTul zmnasa da Sedgenil Semasmenels Soris, paraleluri organuli warmoebebi, terminis sakiTxi (aGweriTi, kompoziti, rTuli zmnebi), aseve, rTu-li zmnebis mniSvneloba qarTuli zmnis istoriisa da, kerZod, gardamavlobis kategoriisaTvis, sakmaod dawvrilebiTaa Seswavlili (SaniZe, 1942, I, 183-189; II, 289-295; 1976, 125-128; babunaSvili, 1951, 21-22; m. mrevliSvili, 1958, 3-14; TevzaZe, 1959, 13, 397-409; 1959, 14, 185-191; 1960, 190-201; osiZe, 1960, 267-273; i. imnaiSvili, 1957, 639-648; i. imnaiSvili, v. imnaiSvili, 1996, 521-558; sarJvelaZe, 1984, 139; da-nelia, 1998, 525-533; vaSakiZe, 1993; v. boederi, 2002, 4, 80-97...).

am samecniero literaturis gaTvaliswinebiT, rTuli zmnebis ZiriTadi maxasiaTeblebia:

Sinaarsis mixedviT _ erTcnebianoba formis mixedviT _ 1. orkomponentianoba: saxeladi nawili an formaucvleli si-

tKva + zmna (Kofa, cema, Geba, qmna, geba, deba da misT.); 2. saxeladi nawili pirvel adgilzea da uSualod erwKmis

zmnas; 3. saxeladi nawili fuZis saxiTaa warmodgenili, iSviaTad _

micemiTi brunvis formiT; 4. micemiTi brunvis formas ar daerTvis emfatikuri xmovani; 5. zmnuri nawili uzmniswinod aris warmodgenili. gardamavlobis TvalsazrisiT mniSvnelovania iseTi rTuli

zmnebi, romelTa pirvel komponentad formacvalebadi sitKvebi (sa-xelebi) igulisxmeba.

aseTi rTuli zmna SeiZleba gardamavalic iKos (SesitKvebaSi pirdapir obieqts uCvenebdes): w m i nd a - Ko man igi, S euracx -Ko man igi, krul- Ko man igi... da gardauvalic: s ircx ‚l-u C s , ƒ el -e w if e b i s , Z al-uc ... mas [igi] _ rTuli fuZis Semadgeneli zmnu-ri komponentis gramatikuli kvalifikaciis Sesabamisad: e.i. Tu


206

rTuli zmnis zmnuri komponenti gardamavali zmnaa (Ko , sc a , iGo . . . ) rTuli zmnac gardamavali unda iKos, magram, zmnis grama-tikul statusTan erTad, garkveuli mniSvneloba eniyeba saxeluri komponentis gramatikul da semantikur raobasac: Tu rTuli zmnis saxelur komponentad warmodgenilia zedsarTavi saxeli, mimGeoba, zmnizeda _ saTanado rTul gardamaval zmnaTa pirianoba sruladaa realizebuli (SaniZe, 1976, 125):

w m id a - K v e s tatatataZaZaZaZariririri uflisa� (M, II nSt. 29,17)∗. man s ircx ‚leul- K v n e s Kovelni mtermtermtermternininini Cuenni (fs. 107,

14a). m z a - Ko sasasasagzagzagzagzalililili gzisa misT‚s saukuno�sa (m. sw. 249,3)∗. anu sasasasamfsunmfsunmfsunmfsun Zlieri vin u Zle v el Ko? ara marxvaman-a, rom-

liTa miudga mucelsa dedisasa? (swavlaTa, 5, 2). marxva�... momomomonanananazonzonzonzonTaTaTaTa w m id a - h Kofs , mmmmGGGGdeldeldeldelTaTaTaTa srul- h Kofs

(swavlaTa, 5, 12). gansxvavebuli viTareba gvaqvs im SemTxvevebSi, roca rTul

zmnebSi gardamavali (aseve, gardauvali) zmnuri komponentebis win arsebiTi saxeli an sawKisi dgas: aseT rTul zmnebs SesitKvebaSi Zi-riTadad ar uCanT pirdapiri damateba: G aGad - Ko man, lx i n eb a -Ko man, T v al -uKo man mas, n aT el - sc a man mas, d e v n a - uKo man mas da a.S. (Sesabamisad, gardauval rTul zmnebs SesitKvebaSi akli-aT qvemdebare: ƒ el - ew if eb i s mas, Z al -uc mas...).

gamonaklisebi, roca amgvari Sedgenilobis (arsebiTi saxeli an sawKisi + zmna) rTul zmnebs (gardamavals Tu gardauvals) naklul-Tan erTad sruli SesitKvebac, an mxolod sruli SesitKveba udas-turdebaT, srul da arasrul SesitKvebaTa uwinaresoba _ Semdgo-madobis sakiTxs wamoyrian:

ƒ el - K v e s gamocda� misi (m. cx. 234, r)∗. ƒ el - v K a v aGvsebad misgan yuryelisaca (m. cx. 423 V)∗. guli s x m a -hKavT ese Koveli (m. 13, 51 E). da aravin iKo, romelmanca guli sx m a - Ko misT‚s (msaJ. III, 26). unda moklva� misi da verara� ƒ el - i w if a (mr. 6, 19 DE). Sdr.: C unda moklva� misi da ver ƒ els - iw if ebd a. ƒ m a - h K v e n Cem zeda sitKuani Senni, romelni mesmnes (ezek. 35,

13g).

∗ varskvlaviani ilustraciebi damowmebulia i. abulaZis `Zveli qarTuli enis

leqsikonis~ mixedviT.


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ƒ m a - v K a vT uflisa mimarT, da ismina ufalman ƒmisa Cuenisa� (ricxv. X, 16 S).

varsqen u v ar - Ko yeSmariti GmerTi (SuS. 134, 2). u v ar - Ko sara da Tqua (Sesaqm. 18, 15). ukueTu Z i e b a - v Ko sisxli misi, da mesaJos usamarTlod, rame-

Tu me amovswK‚den igini (bal. 128, 18). xolo netarman mamaman grigol Z i e b a - Ko gulsmodgined da

pova adgili keTili (xanZT. 210, 32). da aGTqum a - Ko moqmedTa maT mimarT TiTo� satiri dGisa

(m. 20, 2 C). ufalman GmerTman aGTqum a - Ko Tquenda mimarT, aGTquma�

xorivs Sina (II sJ. 5,1 Gb). ase rom, arsebiTi saxelis an sawKisis dasma rTuli zmnis saxe-

lur komponentad KovelTvis ver iqneba imis piroba, rom saTanado rTuli zmnebi gardamavlobis TvalsazrisiT maTive zmnuri komponen-tis (Ko man igi, iGo man igi, sc a man mas igi...) gramatikuli sta-tusis SesatKvisad mogvevlinebian.

rogorc Cans, da es samecniero literaturidanac cnobilia, am rigis rTul zmnebTan amosavali viTareba G aGad - Ko (man) tipis zmnebma Semogvinaxes, romelTa saxeluri fuZe (GaGad-) zmnasTanaa SerwKmuli da, Sesabamisad, rTuli zmnis leqsikuri mniSvneloba sa-xeluri fuZis _ potenciuri pirdapiri damatebis _ mniSvnelobi-Taa gansazGvruli, e.i. saxeluri mniSvnelobis gazmnaveba xdeba, Sdr., saba: G aGad - Ko _ GaGadeba qmna...

amdenad, pirdapiri damatebis CarTva sintaqsSi aseT SemTxve-vebSi yarbia, magram gamoricxuli ar aris; mag., Zvel qarTulSi ar dasturdeba konstruqcia GaGad - Ko GGGGaaaaGGGGaaaadedededebabababa�� Tumca gvaqvs sxva paraleluri (pirdapiri damatebiT da mis gareSe) sintaqsuri kon-struqciebi: dro - Ko man || dro - Ko man drodrodrodroeeeebabababa��::::

anu fucos fici droebiT, anu dro - Kos Tavisa T‚sisaT‚s (ricxv. XXX, 3 S).

...anu dro - Kos drodrodrodroeeeebabababa�� saxlsa Sina mamisa T‚sisasa (ricxv. XXX, 4-5, S).

aseve, gramatikuli pleonazmis STabeydilebas tovebs aseTi tipis konstruqciebi:

Surs - i g ebd SuSuSuSurisrisrisrisgegegegebabababasasasasa ZeTa israelisaTasa madiamelTagan (ricxv. XXXI, 2, B) _ Sdr., variantuli wakiTxva: Surs - i g e bd Su-risgebad madiamelTasa.


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Sur - i g e SuSuSuSurisrisrisrisgegegegebabababa�� ZeTa israelisaTa� madianitelTagan (ricxv. XXXI, 2 G).

msgavsi semantikisaa Zvel qarTulSi martivi Ko gardamavali zmnisa da masTan pirdapiri damatebis funqciiT SewKobili rTuli sawKisis _ Suri sg e b a� sintaqsuri wKvili:

Kos SuSuSuSuris geris geris geris gebabababa�� maTT‚s adre (l. 18, 8). da v Ko SuSuSuSurisrisrisrisgegegegebabababa�� (ezek. 30, 14ag). zog SemTxvevaSi cxadad Cans, rom pirdapiri damatebis warmo-

Cena rTul zmnebis SesitKvebaSi zmnuri semantikis gadaazrianebis Sedegia; mag.: ƒ el - Kofa rTuli zmnis amosavali mniSvnelobaa `xe-lis mokideba~, sxva mniSvnelobebi _ `dawKeba~, `keTeba~ (abulaZe, 1973, sarJvelaZe, 2001) meoreulia, Sdr., axal qarTulSi moh k i -d e b s _ grdm. xels moavlebs, xels Casyidebs... da frazeologiuri gamoTqma xels moxels moxels moxels mohkihkihkihkidebsdebsdebsdebs, gadat. x els m i h Kofs , d aiw K eb s , S e -udg e b a qegl V. es meoreuli semantika (`dawKeba~, `keTeba~) ara marto iguebs pirdapiri damatebis CarTvas SesitKvebaSi, aramed moi-Txovs kidec. Tumca Zvel qarTulSi am zmnasTan sruli, pirdapirda-matebiani SesitKveba iSviaTia. aseve, ƒ el - i w if a man, ƒ el - e w if e -b i s mas rTul zmnaTa amosavali mniSvnelobaa `xelis gawvdena~: saxe-luri nawili rTuli zmnisa (ƒel-), gardamavlobis Sesabamisad, erT SemTxvevaSi pirdapiri damatebis funqciiTaa SerwKmuli zmnasTan (ƒ el - i w if a man), meore SemTxvevaSi _ qvemdebaris funqciiT (ƒ el -ew if e b i s mas); SerwKmis Sedegad, es sintaqsuri erTeulebi Sesi-tKvebaSi araa warmodgenili, Tumca am rTuli zmnis gadataniTi mniS-vnelobebi `SeZleba~, ùfleba~, `gabedva~ (TevzaZe, 1959, 402, abulaZe, 1973; SaniZe, 1976, 128; sarJvelaZe, 2001) aseT SesaZleblobas ar gamoricxavs: herode hemtera mas da unda moklva� misi da ver ƒ els -iw if ebd a (mr. 6, 19 C) _Sdr.: verara� ƒ el - iw if a DE.

vervis ƒ el - ew if eboda warslva� mier gziT (m. 8, 28 DE). C vervin SemZlebel iKo warslvad mier gziT. semantikuri cvlilebisaTvis Sdr.: axali qarTulis frazeo-

logiuri gamoTqma xexexexeli mili mili mili miuwuwuwuwvdevdevdevdebabababa gadat. SeZlebs miswvdes, moaxer-xebs (qegl V).

gvaqvs iseTi SemTxvevebic, rodesac rTuli zmnis arsebiTi sa-xeliT warmodgenili saxeluri nawili wrfelobiT brunvaSi ara pirdapiri damatebis, aramed viTarebis garemoebis funqciiT erwKmis zmnas da rTul zmnas gardaqceviTobis Sinaarsi aqvs. aseT SesitKve-baSi Cans pirdapiri damatebac:

Tquen, ƒelmwifeni, ufalg K v n a GmerTman (xanZT. 211, 31).


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da mas Kovelsa zeda uf al- Ko igi (ag, 1, 42). gardaqceviTobis semantikis matarebeli aseTi rTuli zmnebia

Zv. qarTulSi s p a s alar - g Ko , mon a ster - Ko , zGude - Ko , q a -la q - Ko . . . (vaSakiZe, 1993, 25). z. sarJvelaZe `sitKvis konaSi~ imow-mebs gardaqceviTobis Sinaarsis rTul zmnebs: c xo v ar - Kofa� `cxvrad qceva~. ƒ id - Kofa� `xidad qceva~, ƒ elmwif e - Kofa� `ga-mefeba~, gamgeblad qceva (gaufroseba) da sxv. (sarJvelaZe, 2001).

gardaqceviTobis Sinaarsis rTuli zmna ukve xanmet teqstSi dasturdeba, esaa m ef e - Kofa :

x∼ i∼Â gulisxma Ko r∼ movidodes wartacebad misa r∼amca m ef e K v e s igi. ganxeSora da warvida igi x∼ marto� (I, 6, 15 xanm.). oTxTavis Satberduli xelnaweris variantebSi rTuli zmnis magiv-rad SesitKvebaa warmodgenili _ saxeluri nawilis postpoziciiT wrfelobiT brunvaSi:

ra�Tamca K v e s igi memememefefefefe (i. 6, 15 DE), E-Si: mefY; DE variant-Si wrfelobiTSi dasmuli pirdapiri damateba viTarebis garemoebis funqcias asrulebs da SesitKvebaSi pirdapiri damatebac gvaqvs (i g i nacvalsaxeliT) C variantSi (adiSurSi) pirdapiri damateba aGaraa da pirdapiri damatebis funqciiT ukve memememeuuuufefefefe (DE-s mefe) Ca-enacvleba: ra�Tamca Ku e s memememeuuuufefefefe (I, 6, 15 C).

xanmet teqstebSi wrfelobiTis formis viTarebis garemoebis funqciiT gamoKenebis sxva SemTxvevac gvxvdeba:

xiKos saxli Cemi saxlsaxlsaxlsaxl salocvel. x∼Tq∼n x K a vT igi ququququabababab ava-zakTa (l. 19, 46 xanm.).

Satberduli xelnawerebis mixedviT C-Si isev wrfelobiTi gvaqvs: xolo Tquen hKavT igi ququququabababab avazakTa, xolo DE-Si wrfelobiTs ukve viTarebiTi brunvis forma cvlis: xolo Tquen hKavT igi ququququaaaabadbadbadbad avazakTa. es Senacvleba wrfelobiTi brunvis mier viTarebis garemoe-bis funqciis TandaTan dakargvas mianiSnebs (danelia, 1998, 527).

aqedan ki is daskvna unda gakeTdes, rom r T u l i z m n e -b i s v a l e n t o b a s (pirianobas), resp. g a r d a m a v l o b a -s a c, z m n u r i n a w i l i s v a l e n t o b i s g a r d a, s a x e -l u r i n a w i l i s s i n t a q s u r i f u n q c i a c a p i r o -b e b s (da ara mxolod am komponentis morfologiur-semantikuri raoba: arsebiTia, zedsarTavi, sawKisi Tu mimGeoba). gardamaval zmnebTan pirdapiri damatebis funqciiT (gardauvalebTan _ qvemde-baris funqciiT) SerwKmuli arsebiTi saxelebi saTanado SesitKve-bebSi pirdapir damatebas (gardauvalebSi _ qvemdebares) aGar gaiCe-


210

nen; aseve: iribi damatebis funqciiT zmnasTan SerwKmuli saxeli Se-sitKvebaSi irib damatebas aGar aCvenebs: Ju ars - acua man igi.

sxvagvari sintaqsuri viTareba (ƒ m a - Ko sitKua�, ƒ el - Ko ga-mocda�...) rTuli zmnis amosavali semantikis Semdgomi gadaazriane-bis Sedegi Cans.

amdenad, bunebrivia, rom am konteqstSi dgeba rTuli zmnebis mimarTebis sakiTxi saTanado zmnur SesitKvebebTan.

Zvel qarTulSi, ukve xanmeti Zeglebidan, erTmaneTis gverdiT Tanaarseboben rogorc rTuli zmnebi, aseve mniSvnelobiT maTi far-di zmnuri SesitKvebebi (sintaqsuri wKvilebi):

locv a - Ko / / / / Ko loc loc loc locvavavava��:::: locv a - K a v , viTarca gnebavs (flkt. 159, 29)∗. Sdr: gamoucxade mas, ra�Tamca locv a - Ko CemT‚s da aGdga

beri da Ko CemT‚s loclocloclocvavavava�� (kim. I, 25, 28 C; ix. TevzaZe, 1959, 13, 3392).

w K alob a - Ko / / / / Ko w w w wKKKKaaaalolololobabababa��:::: ixila eri mravali da w K alob a - Ko maT zeda (mrk. 6, 34 C). romelman Ko wwwwKKKKaaaalolololobabababa�� mis Tana (l. 10, 37 xanm.). s it Kua - Ko / Ko sisisisittttKKKKuauauaua��: Semdgomad mravlisa jamisa movida ufali igi maT monaTa� da

s itKua - Ko maT monaTa Tana (m. 25, 19, DE). C redaqciaSi: da Ko sisisisittttKKKKuauauaua maT Tana (sqolioSi: s itKua� - Ko DE).

oTxTavis efT‚me da giorgi mTawmindelebis redaqciebis mixed-viT sitKua�-Ko ikiTxeba.

k eT il- g i Kos / kekekekeTilTilTilTilsasasasa xuKofdiT : gakurTxos Sen da k eTil - g i Kos da gangamravlos Sen uf-

ro�s mamaTa SenTa (II sJ. XXX-5 BDES). kekekekeTilTilTilTilsasasasa xuKofdiT moZuleTa TquenTa (l. 6, 27 xanm.). oTxTavis Satberdul E da C redaqciebSi zmnuri SesitKvebis

saxeluri nawili aseve emfatikuri -a niSniTaa gavrcobili: kekekekeTilTilTilTilsasasasa uKofdiT moZuleTa TquenTa (l. 6, 27). D redaqciaSi emfatikuri aaaa saxels aGar axlavs: k eT ils

uKofdiT . lx i n eb a - h KofdeT , lx i n eb a - h KoT / Kos lxilxilxilxinenenenebabababa��:::: ra�Ta lx i n eb a - h KofdeT maTT‚s winaSe GmrTisa (levit. X,

17 OSB). G. ra�Ta... lx i n eb a - h KoT misT‚s winaSe uflisa. Semwe eKos da Kos lxilxilxilxinenenenebabababa�� (i. - e., 45, 15). mox ed v a - Ko / momomomoxedxedxedxedvavavava�� Kos :


211

mox ed v a - Ko mospolvad Kuedreba� Cemi (l. 1, 25 xanm.). moxedviT mox ed v a Kos Tquen zeda ufalman (dab. 30, 24).∗ momomomoxedxedxedxedvavavava�� miT orTave Kos ufalman (0 ig. sol. 20, 13).∗ aGTqum a - Ko / h Kof aaaaGGGGTquTquTquTqumamamamasasasasa:::: ufalman GmerTman aGTqum a - Ko Tquenda mimarT, aaaaGGGGTquTquTquTqumamamama��

xorivs Sina (II sJ. 5, 1 Gb). rameTu ara amisT‚s h Kof aaaaGGGGTquTquTquTqumamamamasasasasa, Tumca maSin miec, aramed

ra�Tamca aw Tana-warhƒed (swavlaTa, 93, 25). br Zola - K v e s / K v e s brZobrZobrZobrZolalalala�� || K v e s brZobrZobrZobrZolalalala:::: br Zola - K v e s Tqvendami (G isu n. 24, 11). da K v e s brZobrZobrZobrZolalalala�� balakis Tana (Sesaqm. 0, XIV, 2, CB K v e s

brZola). s itKua s xug eb n / sisisisittttKKKKuuuuaaaasasasasa ug eb n , sisisisittttKKKKuauauaua�� m i xugoT : Koveli, romeli mefed xitK‚ian Tavsa T‚ssa, s it Kua s xu -

g e b n keisarsa (i. 19, 12 xanm.). oTxTavis Satberdul DE redaqciaSi: s itKua s ug e b n kei-

sarsa (i. 19, 12 DE). oTxTavis efT‚me da giorgi mTawmindelebis redaqciebSi saTa-

nado adgilas aseve `s itKua s ug e b n keisarsa~ (i. 19.12 aTon.) dasturdeba, oGond G sxvagvar wakiTxvas iZleva: sisisisittttKKKKuuuuaaaasasasasa ug eb n _ romelic SesitKvebas warmoadgens da ara rTul zmnas (rTuli zmnis saxeluri nawili emfatikur aaaa-s ar dairTavs).

ra Tqma unda, SesitKveba gvaqvs im SemTxvevaSic, roca zmnuri nawili zmniswiniania:

m iug e s maT sisisisittttKKKKuauauaua�� (C ricxv. 12, 27). ra� sisisisittttKKKKuauauaua�� m i xugoT (l. 21, 14). ase rom, SesitKvebebidan rTuli zmnebis warmoqmnis sakiTxis

kvlevisas procesis ganviTarebis garkveuli Tanmimdevroba ikveTeba. bunebrivia, Kvela saxis SesitKveba rTul zmnebs ver mogvcems. rTu-li zmnebisaTvis bazisuri Cans sitKvaTa mKari Sexamebani (Ko locloclocloc----vavavava��, Ko momomomowwwwKKKKaaaalelelelebabababa��, Ko lxilxilxilxinenenenebabababa��, sisisisittttKKKKuuuuaaaasasasasa h Kofs , sisisisittttKKKKuuuuaaaasasasasa ug e b n / sisisisittttKKKKuuuuasasasas xug e b n da a.S.); sitKvaTa mKar Sexamebebs (mKar gamoTqmebs) ki TavisTavad erT semantikur mTlianobad gaerTianebis tendencia aqvT (foCxua, 1974, 292-293); zemoT warmodgenili masala Zveli qarTulis mKari sitKvaTSexamebebis erT morfologiur mTlia-nobad, rTul zmnebad SerwKmis mxolod zogad tendenciebs mianiS-nebs; es tendencia ase gvesaxeba:

a) gardamavali zmnis mKari SesitKvebis (sintaqsuri wKvilis) Zveli qarTulisaTvis prioritetuli sitKvaTwKobis zmna-Semasmeneli


212

+ pirdapiri damateba inversia (pirdapiri damateba + Semasmeneli) : Ko w K alob a� > wwwwKKKKaaaalolololobabababa�� Ko . . .

b) prepoziciuri pirdapiri damatebisa da zmna-Semasmenlis erT cnebad SerwKmis procesSi pirdapir damatebasa da zmnas Soris arsebuli sintaqsuri kavSiris (marTvis) moSla: brZobrZobrZobrZolalalala�� sc es (msaJ. 1,1 BDS). Sdr.: br Zola - sc e (sin. 167, 28), momomomoxedxedxedxedvavavava�� Kos (0. ig. sol. 20, 18) Sdr., mox ed v a - Kos (dab. 30, 24), n aT els - gc e s (m. 3, 11, C) Sdr. || DE n aT el - gc e s , sisisisittttKKKKuuuuaaaasasasasa ug e b n > s itKua s ug e b n , kekekekeTilTilTilTilsasasasa uKofdiT > k eT ils uKofdiT , Sdr.: k eT il-g i Ko , papapapativtivtivtivsasasasa uKofe n (i. 5, 23) Sdr.: p ati v - uKo (bal. 30, 9) da sxv.

g) zmnis pirianobis (valentobis) cvla: man Ko wwwwKKKKaaaalolololobabababa�� > w K alob a - Ko man...

am mniSvnelovani diaqroniuli sakiTxis nebismieri gadawKveti-saTvis (aris sxva mosazrebac, romelic rTuli zmnebis uZvelesobas amtkicebs _ ix. i. imnaiSvili, v. imnaiSvili, 1996, 523-524; 526...; osiZe, 1961, 270-272) arsebiTi Cans rTuli zmnis saxeluri komponen-tis (pirdapiri damatebis) zmnis wina poziciaSi ganTavsebis faqtis kvalifikacia.

Zvel qarTulSi adrindeli periodis gardamavali zmnis Se-mcvel winadadebaSi ZiriTadi wKoba aseTia: q v e md eb are _ zm n a -S e m a s m e n eli _ p irdap iri d am ate b a. gvaqvs alternatiuli wKobac: q v e md eb are _ p irdap iri d am ate b a _ zm n a - S e m a s -m e n eli (sarJvelaZe, 1984, 540; 1997, 165). amasTan, rac ufro arse-biTia, Zveli qarTuli enis ganviTarebaSi niSandoblivia zmnis bolo poziciaSi gadasvlis tendencia. Sesabamisad, gardamavali zmnebisa-Tvis ZiriTadi xdeba q v e md eb are _ p irdap iri d am ate b a _ zm n a - S e m a s m e n eli pozici a (sarJvelaZe, 1984, 541; 1997, 165; ix., agreTve, afridoniZe, 1986, 114-119). ase rom, Zveli qarTuli sa-literaturo enis winadadebis sitKvaTwKobis ganviTarebis gza afiq-sirebs SesitKvebidan (sintaqsuri wKvilidan) rTuli zmnebis warmo-qmnis SesaZleblobas.

enis istoriam, SedarebiTma da tipologiurma kvlevam SeiZle-ba sul sxva daskvna gviCvenos. gardamavali zmnis morfologiuri struqtura qarTulSi da GaGad - Ko tipis zmnebis modeli pirda-piri obieqtis (resp. pirdapiri damatebis) gansazGvrul, zmnis uSua-lod wina pozicias gulisxmobs (osiZe, 1960, 270-272).

rac Seexeba gardamavali zmnis SesitKvebis rTul zmnad garda-qmnis Tanmxleb sintaqsur movlenas, rac pirdapiri damatebis zmnas-


213

Tan SerwKmis Sedegad pirianobis (valentobis) da gardamavlobis statusis SecvlaSi gamoixateba, ar aris marto qarTulisaTvis dama-xasiaTebeli movlena: mag., germanuli enis martivi zmnebi nehmen àGeba~, halten `yera~ da a.S. saxelad nawilTan SerwKmis Sedegad teil-nehmen `monawileobis miGeba~, haushalten `saoJaxo saqmianoba~ garda-uval rTul zmnebad warmogvidgebian.

qarTulis viTareba gansxvavebulia; aseTi rTuli zmnebi garda-mavalTa msgavsad brunvacvalebad subieqts inarCuneben. gardamavali zmnebisgan ki imiT gansxvavdebian, rom maT mxolod subieqturi Sesi-tKveba aqvT: G aGad - Ko , ƒ m a - Ko manmanmanman. . .

G aG ad - Ko tipis rTuli zmnebis warmoqmnis procesi bunebri-vad ewereba arn. Ciqobavas mier CamoKalibebul qarTveluri gardama-vali zmnis g a subi e qtureb i s konte q stSi (Ciqobava, 1979, 168, 250).

struqturuli analogiisaTvis SeiZleba movixmoT moqmedebiTi gvaris namKo drois (`sub i e qturi ~) mimGeobis aGweriTi warmoeba: namKo drois saobieqto mimGeobis (mag. a mow vd ili ) win daismis pirdapiri damatebis gauformebeli fuZe (mag. xmaxmaxmaxmalililili) da es rTuli warmoeba funqciurad gardamavali zmnis subi e qtur mimGeobad gvevlineba: x m ala mow vdili `vinc xmali amoiwvada~ (Ciqobava, 1950, 077; osiZe, 1957, 197).

es warmoeba Zvel qarTulSic farTod aris gavrcelebuli: n a -T elGebuli , Tm ag ard ate v e buli , bun e b aS ec v alebuli , p ird a Kofili . . . (osiZe, 1957, 197).


abuabuabuabulalalalaZeZeZeZe, , , , 1970197019701970 _ ilia abulaZe, Zveli qarTuli enis leqsiko-

ni, Tbilisi. afafafafriririridodododoninininiZeZeZeZe, , , , 1986198619861986 _ Suqia afridoniZe, sitKvaTganlageba axal

qarTulSi (XIX_XX sauk. prozis mixedviT. martivi winadadeba), Tbi-lisi.

bababababubububunaSnaSnaSnaSvivivivilililili, , , , 1951195119511951 _ elene babunaSvili, kompoziti zmnebi Zvel qarTulSi, Tsu aspirantTa V samecniero konferencia, moxsene-baTa Tezisebi, Tb.

boederiboederiboederiboederi,,,, 2002200220022002, 4444 _ Winfried Boeder, Die sog. "Zusammengesetzen Verber" im Altgeorgieschen, enaTmecnierebis sakiTxebi, Tb.

dadadadanenenenelialialialia, , , , 1998199819981998 _ korneli danelia, narkvevebi qarTuli sa-mwerlobo enis istoriidan, I, Tb.


214

vavavavaSaSaSaSakikikikiZeZeZeZe, , , , 1993199319931993 _ Tamar vaSakiZe, zmnis aGweriTi warmoeba Zvel qarTulSi, Tb.

TevTevTevTevzazazazaZeZeZeZe, , , , 1959195919591959, , , , 13 13 13 13 _ yola TevzaZe, rTuli zmnebi Zvel qar-TulSi; puSkinis sax. Tbilisis saxelmwifo pedagogiuri institutis Sromebi, t. 13.

TevTevTevTevzazazazaZeZeZeZe, , , , 1959195919591959, , , , 14141414 _ yola TevzaZe, rTuli zmnebis mimarTeba Sedgenil SemasmenelTan; puSkinis sax. Tbilisis saxelmwifo pedago-giuri institutis Sromebi, t. 14.

TevTevTevTevzazazazaZeZeZeZe, , , , 1970197019701970, , , , 15151515 _ yola TevzaZe, rTuli zmnebi Zvel qar-TulSi warmoqmnis kategoriebis mixedviT; puSkinis sax. Tbilisis sa-xelmwifo pedagogiuri institutis Sromebi, t. 15.

iiii. . . . imimimimnanananaiSiSiSiSvivivivilililili, , , , 1957195719571957 _ ivane imnaiSvili, saxelTa bruneba da brunvaTa funqciebi Zvel qarTulSi, Tb.

iiii. . . . imimimimnanananaiSiSiSiSvivivivilililili, , , , vvvv. . . . imimimimnanananaiSiSiSiSvivivivilililili, , , , 1996199619961996 _ ivane imnaiSvili, vaxtang imnaiSvili, zmna Zvel qarTulSi, II, mainis frankfurti.

mmmm. . . . mrevliSvilimrevliSvilimrevliSvilimrevliSvili, , , , 1958195819581958 _ Мзиа Мревлишвили, Сложные слова в грузинском языке (Автореферат диссертации на соискание ученой степени кандидата филологических наук), Тб.

osiosiosiosiZeZeZeZe, , , , 1957195719571957 _ ekaterine osiZe, mimGeobis warmoeba qarTulSi, Tbilisis saxelmwifo universitetis Sromebi, t. 67.

osiosiosiosiZeZeZeZe, , , , 1960196019601960 _ ekaterine osiZe, GaGad-Ko tipis zmnebi Zvel qarTulSi, iberiul-kavkasiuri enaTmecniereba, XII, Tb.

sasasasababababa _ sulxan-saba orbeliani, leqsikoni qarTuli, II, avtog-rafiuli nusxebis mixedviT moamzada, gamokvleva da ganmartebaTa leqsikis saZiebeli daurTo ilia abulaZem, Tb., 1993.

sasasasarrrrJJJJvevevevelalalalaZeZeZeZe, , , , 1984198419841984 _ zurab sarJvelaZe, qarTuli saliteratu-ro enis istoriis Sesavali, Tb.

sasasasarrrrJJJJvevevevelalalalaZeZeZeZe, , , , 1997199719971997 _ zurab sarJvelaZe, Zveli qarTuli ena, Tb. sasasasarrrrJJJJvevevevelalalalaZeZeZeZe, , , , 2001200120012001 _ zurab sarJvelaZe, Zveli qarTuli enis si-

tKvis kona, Tb. fofofofoCxuaCxuaCxuaCxua, , , , 1974197419741974 _ biZina foCxua, qarTuli enis leqsikologia, Tb. qegl Vqegl Vqegl Vqegl V _ qarTuli enis ganmartebiTi leqsikoni, I-VIII, arn. Ci-

qobavas saerTo redaqciiT, Tb. 1950-1969, t. V, 1958. SaSaSaSaninininiZeZeZeZe, , , , 1942194219421942, , , , IIII _ akaki SaniZe, zmnis gardamavlobis sakiTxisa-

Tvis qarTvelur enebSi, saqarTvelos ssr mecnierebaTa akademiis mo-ambe, t. III, #2, Tb.

SaSaSaSaninininiZeZeZeZe, , , , 1942194219421942, , , , IIIIIIII _ akaki SaniZe, zmnis gardamavlobis sakiTxisa-Tvis qarTvelur enebSi, saqarTvelos ssr mecnierebaTa akademiis mo-ambe, t. III, #3, Tb.


215

SaSaSaSaninininiZeZeZeZe, , , , 1976197619761976 _ akaki SaniZe, Zveli qarTuli enis gramatika, Tb. CiCiCiCiqoqoqoqobabababavavavava, , , , 1950195019501950 _ arnold Ciqobava, qarTuli enis zogadi da-

xasiaTeba, qegl I, Tb. CiCiCiCiqoqoqoqobabababavavavava, , , , 1979197919791979 _ arnold Ciqobava, iberiul-kavkasiuri enaT-

mecnierebis Sesavali, Tb.

wwwwKKKKaaaarorororoeeeebibibibi

agagagag. . . . IIII _ Zveli qarTuli agiografiuli literaturis Zeglebi, I (V-X s.s.), Tb., 1964.

aTonaTonaTonaTon.... _ qarTuli oTxTavis ori bolo redaqcia; teqsti gamo-sca da gamokvleva daurTo iv. imnaiSvilma, Tb., 1979.

balbalbalbal.... _ balavarianis qarTuli redaqciebi; gamosca, gamokvleva da leqsikoni daurTo ilia abulaZem, akaki SaniZis redaqciiT; Zveli qarTuli enis kaTedris Zeglebi, 10, Tb., 1957.

ezekezekezekezek.... _ ezekielis wignis Zveli qarTuli versiebi; teqsti gamosacemad moamzada, gamokvleva da leqsikoni daurTo TinaTin cqi-tiSvilma, Tb., 1976.

iiii.... _ iovane, qarTuli oTxTavis ori Zveli redaqcia sami Sat-berduli xelnaweris mixedviT (897, 936 da 973 ww.), gamosca a. Sani-Zem, Tb., 1945.

iiii. . . . ---- e e e e.... _ giorgi mTawmindeli, cxoreba� iovanesi da efT‚mesi; gamosacemad moamzada iv. JavaxiSvilma, gamosca ak. SaniZem, Tb., 1945.

isuisuisuisu. . . . nnnn.... _ ix. msaJ. lelelelevitvitvitvit.... _ wignni Zuelisa aGTqumisani, 2. levitelTa�, ricxuTa�,

meorisa sJulisa�; Zveli qarTuli mwerlobis Zeglebi, XI2; Kvela arse-buli xelnaweris mixedviT; gamosacemad moamzades ilia abulaZem, baqar gigineiSvilma, nargiza goguaZem da ciala qurcikiZem, Tb., 1990.

llll.... _ saxareba luka�si _ ix. iovane. mmmm.... _ maTe, ix. iovane. mrmrmrmr.... _ markoz, ix. iovane. msamsamsamsaJJJJ.... _ wignni Zuelisa aGTqumisani, 3. iso navesi, msaJulTa�,

ruTisi; Zveli qarTuli mwerlobis Zeglebi, XI3; Kvela arsebuli xelnaweris mixedviT gamosacemad moamzades da gamokvleva daurTes ciala qurcikiZem da uCa cindelianma, Tb., 1991.

mmmm. . . . swswswsw.... _ mamaTa swavlani, X-XI saukuneTa xelnawerebis mixedviT gamosca il. abulaZem a. SaniZis redaqciiT, Tb., 1955.

ricxvricxvricxvricxv.... _ wignni Zuelisa aGTqumisani, 2: levitelTa�, ricxu-Ta�, meorisa sJulisa�; Zveli qarTuli mwerlobis Zeglebi, XI2; Kvela


216

arsebuli xelnaweris mixedviT; gamosacemad moamzades ilia abulaZem, baqar gigineiSvilma, nargiza goguaZem da ciala qurcikiZem, Tb., 1990.

sinsinsinsin.... _ sinuri mravalTavi, 864 wlisa, a. SaniZis redaqciiT, winasitKvaobiTa da gamokvleviT, Tb., 1959.

swavswavswavswavlalalalaTaTaTaTa _ basili kesarielis `swavlaTa~ efT‚me aToneliseu-li Targmani, gamosacemad moamzada da leqsikoni daurTo c. qurci-kiZem, Zveli qarTuli mwerlobis Zeglebi, V, Tb., 1983.

II sII sII sII sJJJJ.... _ wignni Zuelisa aGTqumisani, 2: levitelTa�, ricxuTa�, meorisa sJulisa�; Zveli qarTuli mwerlobis Zeglebi, XI2; Kvela arse-buli xelnaweris mixedviT; gamosacemad moamzades ilia abulaZem, ba-qar gigineiSvilma, nargiza goguaZem da ciala qurcikiZem, Tb., 1990.

fsfsfsfs.... _ fsalmunis Zveli qarTuli enis redaqciebi X-XIII sauku-nis xelnawerebis mixedviT, gamosca mz. SaniZem, Tb., 1951.

SeSeSeSesaqmsaqmsaqmsaqm.... _ wignni Zuelisa aGTqumisani, I, Sesaqmisa�, gamoslva-Ta�; Zveli qarTuli mwerlobis Zeglebi, XI, Kvela arsebuli xelnawe-ris mixedviT gamosacemad moamzades baqar gigineiSvilma da cotne kikviZem. gamokvleva b. gigineiSvilisa; Tb., 1989.

SuSSuSSuSSuS.... _ iakob curtaveli, wameba� wmidisa SuSanikisi dedof-lisa�; i. imnaiSvilis `qarTuli enis istoriuli qrestomaTia~, t. I, naw. I, Tb., 1970.

xanmxanmxanmxanm.... _ xanmeti teqstebi, I, teqsti gamosacemad moamzada, gamo-kvleva da simfonia daurTo lamara qaJaiam; Tb., 1984.

xanZTxanZTxanZTxanZT.... _ giorgi merCule, Sroma� da moGuaweba� Girsad cxo-reba� wmidisa da netarisa mamisa Cuenisa grigolisi; i. imnaiSvilis `qarTuli enis istoriuli qrestomaTia, t. I, naw. I; Tb., 1970.


217

Murman Sukhishvili

The Issues of Transitivity of Analytical Verbs On the evidence of Old Georgian material

S u m m a r y

The paper discusses the issues of derivation of analytical verb forms from

word-combinations, particularly from the syntactic pairs: verb-predicate and direct object.

These word-combinations similar to the analytical verbs were presented in the Khanmet Texts (the oldest Georgian literary documents).

Prepositional order, i.e. direct object precedes a verb, appears to be essential condition for the transformation of word-combination (syntactic pair) into the analy-tical verbal construction: c q aloba-q o man < man q o c��q�alo-baj – he/she showed mercy, locwa-q o man < man q o locwaj – he/she pra-yed.

This kind of transference of direct object in the old Georgian sentence is reflected in the historical change of the word-order (Z. Sarjveladze, Sh. Apridonidze).

Prepozitional order (direct object + verb-predicate) causes lexical fusion of direct object and transitive verb, it follows the destruction of the syntactic mecha-nism of word-combination and the formation of analytical verb of different valency (resp. transitivity).

qaqaqaqaÒÈÅÄËÖÒÒÈÅÄËÖÒÒÈÅÄËÖÒÒÈÅÄËÖÒ ÄÍÄÍÄÍÄÍaaaaÈÈÈÈaaaa ÓÔÒÖÓÔÒÖÓÔÒÖÓÔÒÖqqqqÔÖÒÉÓÔÖÒÉÓÔÖÒÉÓÔÖÒÉÓ ÓÓÓÓaaaaÊÉÈáÄÁÉÊÉÈáÄÁÉÊÉÈáÄÁÉÊÉÈáÄÁÉ. . . . X . . . . 2009200920092009

TedoTedoTedoTedo uTurgaiZe uTurgaiZe uTurgaiZe uTurgaiZe

ƒelTa iribobieqturi piris nacvalsaxelad

Zvel qarTulSi

TaTaTaTavivivivi nacvalsaxeli kargad aris cnobili gramatikul litera-

turaSi. igi gamoiKeneba rogorc pirdapiri, ise iribi obieqtis gamomxatvel nacvalsaxelad; magaliTad: `gardaigde TaTaTaTavivivivi SeSeSeSenininini amier queKanad~ (m. 4,6) _ `TaTaTaTavi Sevi Sevi Sevi Senininini~ pirdapiri obieqtia meore pirSi, razec msazGvrelad gamwesebuli kuTvnilebiTi `SeSeSeSenininini~ nacvalsaxeli miuTiTebs; `romeli ganevTis TavTavTavTavsa Tsa Tsa Tsa T‚‚‚‚ssassassassa...~ (m. 12,25) winadadebaSi TavTavTavTavsa Tsa Tsa Tsa T‚‚‚‚ssassassassa iribi obieqtia mesame pirSi.

pirvel winadadebaSi _ `gardaigde Tavi Seni...~ TaTaTaTavi Sevi Sevi Sevi Senininini p i r d a p i r i d a m a t e b a a m e o r e p i r i s a i m z m n a s T a n , r o m l i s m e o r e p i r a d i g ul i s x m e b a s u b i e q t i c . `Tavi Seni axdens SenSenSenSen (Od

2) piris aqtualizebas, qarTul zmnaSi ki ar xde-ba specifikuri formiT erTi da imave denotatis aqtualizeba subi-eqtad da obieqtad. swored amisTvis ena mimarTavs ukuqceviT TaTaTaTavivivivi nacvalsaxels, anu obieqti Tavisi rorororomemememelolololobiTbiTbiTbiT ukueqceva (= imeo-rebs) subieqts _ orive meore pirSia.

Zvel qarTulSi piris nacvalsaxelad gamoiKeneba kuTvnilebiTi nacvalsaxeliT gansazGvruli ƒƒƒƒeeeellllTa Ta Ta Ta formac, romelic, msgavsad TaTaTaTa----vi vi vi vi nacvalsaxelisa, daclilia sagnobriobisagan. ƒƒƒƒelelelelTa Ta Ta Ta nacvalsaxe-li, rogorc TaTaTaTavi vi vi vi nacvalsaxeli, gvxvdeba kuTvnilebiT nacvalsaxe-lebTan erTadac da maT gareSec. kuTvnilebiTi nacvalsaxelebi miu-TiTeben pirTa romelobaze: ƒƒƒƒelelelelTa CeTa CeTa CeTa CemmmmTTTTaaaa I piria mxolobiT ricxvSi, udris memememe nacvalsaxels, ƒƒƒƒelelelelTa CuTa CuTa CuTa CuenenenenTaTaTaTa udris CuCuCuCuenenenen nacvalsaxels... Tumca zmnis formiT piris niSnis gareSec SesaZlebelia konkretu-lad ganisazGvros nacvalsaxelTa romeloba; mag.: `...xelTa mogces Tavi Cemi...~ (`vefxis tKaosani~, 545,4). piris niSani gggg- (mo-gggg-ces) mi-gviTiTebs, rom xelxelxelxelTaTaTaTa korelatia SenSenSenSen nacvalsaxelisa _ ivaraudeba `xelTa SenTa~.

ƒelTa iribobieqturi piris nacvalsaxelad Zvel qarTulSi

219

ƒƒƒƒelelelelTaTaTaTa mravlobiTi ricxvis formaa, magram, rorororogorc nagorc nagorc nagorc nacvalcvalcvalcvalsasasasa----xelsxelsxelsxels, , , , ririririccccxvis gaxvis gaxvis gaxvis gagegegegeba daba daba daba dakarkarkarkarguguguguli aqvsli aqvsli aqvsli aqvs; ricxvi an Tanmxlebi kuTvni-lebiTi nacvalsaxeliT gadmoicema (ƒ e lT a C e m T a ~ ƒ e lT a C u e n T a , anu m e ~ C u e n ), an zmnis formaSi saTanado ricxvis niSniT.

ƒƒƒƒelelelelTaTaTaTa i r i b i o b i e q t i s a q t u al i z e b a s a x d e n s m a -S i n , r o d e s a c i s a r d a i S v e b a p i r d a p i r i o b i e q t i s g v e r d i T _ es aris obieqtTa pirveli da meore pirebis kombina-ciebi.

Oind Od

O1ind O2

ind O1indp O2

indp

O1d O1

d O2ind O1

d O2indp

O2d O2

d O1ind O2

d O1indp

O1dp O1

dp O2ind O1

dp O2indp

O2dp O2

dp O1ind O2

dp O1indp

sqema A

Od Oind

O1d O2

d O1dp O2

dp

O1ind O1

ind O2d O1

ind O2dp

O2ind O2

ind O1d O2

ind O1dp

O1indp O1

indp O2d O1

indp O2dp

O2indp O2

indp O1d O2

indp O1dp

sqema B es sqemebi pirTa kombinaciebiT ar gansxvavdebian, gansxvavebas

gviCveneben mxolod pirTa markirebiT, A sqemis realizaciis dros markirebulia pirdapiri obieqti, B sqemis realizaciisas ki _ iri-bi obieqti; Seuvsebeli uJrebis kombinaciebi enaSi ar realizdeba.

r e a lu r a d S e s a Z l e b e l i a e r T i q m e d e b i s a q t a n -t e b a d p i r v e l i da m e o r e i r i b i da p i r d a p i r i o b i -e q t e b i , magram qarqarqarqarTul zmnas ar SeTul zmnas ar SeTul zmnas ar SeTul zmnas ar SeuZuZuZuZlia malia malia malia maTi erTi erTi erTi erTad warmoTad warmoTad warmoTad warmo----dgedgedgedgena spena spena spena specicicicififififikukukukuri forri forri forri formiTmiTmiTmiT. . . . enas isic uyirda, ukve arsebuli rome-lime formiT damatebiT es uCveulo kombinaciebic gamoexata.

Zvel qarTulSi iKo mcdeloba (dGeisaTvis aGiricxeba 30-mde SemTxveva) piris nacvalsaxelebiT gamoexataT obieqtTa es kombinaci-ebi: man me Sen, man Sen me, man me Tquen da a. S., magram es cda mar-cxiT damTavrda _ axal qarTulSi amnairi SeTavseba pirTa nacval-

T . u T u r g a i Z e

220

saxelebisa SeuZlebelia (mag., man momiKvana me Sen). Zvel qarTulSi aGniSnul xelovnur kombinaciaTa (man me Sen)

paralelurad iribi obieqtisTvis gamoiKeneboda kuTvnilebiTi na-cvalsaxelebiT gansazGvruli sagnobriobisagan daclili ƒƒƒƒelelelelTaTaTaTa na-cvalsaxeli: `...naTesavTa SenTa da mGdelT moZGuarTa momces Sen ƒƒƒƒelelelelTa CemTa CemTa CemTa CemTaTaTaTa~ (i. 18. 35C); Sdr. `naTesavTa SenTa da mGdelT moZGu-arTa momces SenSenSenSen me~ (i. 18. 35). Zveli qarTulisTvis ufro bunebri-via iovanes saxarebis adiSuri (C) varianti, igi Semdegac xSirad gamoiKeneba, Cveulebrivia, magaliTad, `vefxis tKaosanSi~.

ƒƒƒƒelelelelTa CemTa CemTa CemTa CemTaTaTaTa, rogorc i. imnaiSvili wers, sintaqsurad udris memememe nacvalsaxels. i. imnaiSvili arkvevda obieqtur pirTa markirebis wesebs ùmcros-ufrosobiT~ (umcrosi iKo I piri II pirTan Sedare-biT...),1 amitom dasyirda `sintaqsur memememe-ze miTiTeba.

i. imnaiSvili analogiur SemTxvevebze uTiTebs kostanti kaxis wamebis ZeglSi:2 (1) àha esera mogucna Tquen GmerTman dGesa amas mosasrvelad ƒelTa CuenTa~ da iqvea pasuxad: (2) `GmerTman migucna ƒelTa TquenTa~.

pirvel winadadebaSi ƒƒƒƒelelelelTa CuTa CuTa CuTa CuenenenenTaTaTaTa iribi obieqtia I pirSi da mravlobiT ricxvSi, TquTquTquTquenenenen ki pirdapiri obieqti, romelic mravlo-biTobis -nnnn sufiqsiT aris materialurad gamoxatuli; momomomo- zmniswi-nic I piris irib obieqtze (adresatze) miuTiTebs: ƒƒƒƒelelelelTaTaTaTa-s adgilze rom mtermtermtermterTaTaTaTa (mesame piri) CavsvaT, zmniswinic Seicvleba da Sesabami-sad piris niSanic. (3) `G~n mimimimigcna Tquen mterTa CuenTa~. analogiu-ri msJelobiT `migucna GmerTman ƒelTa TquenTa~ winadadebaSi mimimimi- zmniswini gamoxatavs orientacias I piridan, anu molaparakidan II pi-risken _ adresatisken, romelic sampirian zmnebSi iribi obieqtiT gamoixateba.

Zvel qarTulSi, gansxvavebiT axali qarTulisgan, I da II pirebs Soris mimarTulebas momomomo- da mimimimi- gamoxatavdnen; mag.: òri qanqari mo-mec me (Sen)~ m. 25,20; Sdr. `Sen migec (me) ƒelmwifeba�~ l. 4,6.

SeiZleba davaskvnaT: ƒƒƒƒelelelelTTTTa Cua Cua Cua CuenenenenTaTaTaTa ganapirobebs momomomo- zmniswins, xolo ƒƒƒƒelelelelTa TquTa TquTa TquTa TquenenenenTaTaTaTa _ mimimimi- zmniswins: `GmerTman mimimimigucna ƒƒƒƒelelelelTa Ta Ta Ta TquTquTquTquenenenenTaTaTaTa~.

1 i . i m n a i S v i l i , qarTuli enis istoriuli qrestomaTia, t. I, naw. II,

1971, gv. 319. 2 cxoreba� da wameba� wmidisa mowamisa kostantisi qarTvelisa�, romeli iwama

babilovnelTa mefisa Jafarisa mier; Zveli qarTuli literaturis qrestomaTia, I,

1946; Semdgeneli s. KubaneiSvili; gv. 76.

ƒelTa iribobieqturi piris nacvalsaxelad Zvel qarTulSi

221

aq uTuod isic unda iTqvas, rom Zvel qarTulSive momomomo- zmnis-winiT II pirisken mimarTuli qmedebis gamoxatvac daiwKo (ìTxovdiT da momomomogeces Tquen~ m. 7,17; `me momomomogce Tquen piri da sibrZnÇ~ l. 21.15). aseT SemTxvevaSi saqme wKdeba iribi obieqtis CvenebiT.

momomomogucgucgucgucnananana ƒelTa CuenTa Tquen _ qmedeba mimarTulia I piris obieqtisken; mmmmiiiigucgucgucgucnananana ƒelTa TquenTa Cuen _ qmedeba mimarTulia II pi-ris iribi obieqtisken. formaTa analizic Sesabamisad gansxvavebulia.

(1) mo-gugugugu-c-n-a ƒƒƒƒelelelelTa CuTa CuTa CuTa CuenenenenTaTaTaTa Tquen: gugugugu- prefiqsi gmoxatavs irib obieqts I pirSi da mravlobiT ricxvSi (`ƒelTa CuenTa~); -nnnn su-fiqsi ki _ pirdapiri obieqtis (TquTquTquTquenenenen) simravles.

(2) mi-gu-c-n-a ƒƒƒƒelelelelTa TquTa TquTa TquTa TquenenenenTaTaTaTa Cuen: rogorc gugugugu- prefiqsi, ise -nnnn sufiqsi ekuTvnis Odp

1-s, iribi obieqti saerTod ar aris markire-buli materialurad, gramatikul CanawerSi igi nulovani alomor-fiT gamoixateba, mi-gu-Ø-c-n-a ƒƒƒƒelelelelTa TquTa TquTa TquTa TqueeeennnnTaTaTaTa....

Tedo Uturgaidze

The Pronoun qelta in a Role of an Indirect Object in Old Georgian

S u m m a r y

A common noun qelta “a hand”, in a dative plural case – qelta having lost

subjectivness, became a pronoun in a role of an indirect object, a person and a number of which are determined by possessive pronouns, e. g.: qelta čemta “to me” (lit. “In my hands”), qelta tkventa “to you” (lit. “In your hands”), etc.

Georgian has not got specific form for tri-personal verbs the actants of which are direct and indirect objects in combination of I and II person. In the present situation a language uses a verbal form, which one of objects is in III person (e. g.: romelman mimca me šen “...who delivered Me up to you...”. John., 19, 11.). The form mimca has the actants S3O

d1O

ind3 means “he delivered (me to him)”, or with a

pronoun qelta in a role of an indirect object: romelman mimca me qelta šenta “Who delivered me to you”. Old Georgian prefers the second version and not very seldon uses it.

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ÄÒÈÉ ÌÀØÅÄÌÃÄÁÀÒÄÁÄËÉ ÊÀÅÛÉÒÉÓ ÛÄÓÀáÄÁ ÓÅÀÍÖÒÛÉ

ÓÅÀÍÖÒÉ ÒÈÖËÉ ØÅÄßÚÏÁÉËÉ ßÉÍÀÃÀÃÄÁÀ ØÀÒÈÖËÉÓ ÌÓÂÀÅÓÀÃ ÌÃÉ-ÃÀÒÉÀ ÌÀØÅÄÌÃÄÁÀÒÄÁÄËÉ ßÄÅÒ-ÊÀÅÛÉÒÄÁÉÈÀ ÃÀ ÊÀÅÛÉÒÄÁÉÈ.

ÓÀÌÄÝÍÉÄÒÏ ËÉÔÄÒÀÔÖÒÀÛÉ ÂÀÍáÉËÖËÉÀ ÓÅÀÍÖÒÉÓ ÏÈáÉÅÄ ÃÉÀËÄØ-ÔÉÓ ÓÀÊÀÅÛÉÒÄÁÄËÉ ÓÉÔÚÅÄÁÉ. ÌÏáÓÄÍÄÁÀÛÉ ÚÖÒÀÃÙÄÁÀÓ ÂÀÅÀÌÀáÅÉËÄÁÈ ÀÙæÄ|ÀÙÏ ÌÀØÅÄÌÃÄÁÀÒÄÁÄË ÊÀÅÛÉÒÆÄ, ÒÏÌÄËÉÝ ØÀÒÈÖËÉ ,,ÈÖ" -Ó ×ÖÍ-ØÝÉÖÒ-ÓÄÌÀÍÔÉÊÖÒÉ ÛÄÓÀÔÚÅÉÓÉÀ.

ÀÙæÄ ÊÀÅÛÉÒÉ ÌÀØÅÄÌÃÄÁÀÒÄÁËÉÓ ×ÖÍØÝÉÉÈ ÂÀÌÏÉÚÄÍÄÁÀ ËÄÍÔÄáÖÒ-ÓÀ ÃÀ ÜÏËÖÒუËÛÉ, ÛÄÓÀÁÀÌÉÓÀÃ ÃÀÓÔÖÒÃÄÁÀ ÓáÅÀÃÀÓáÅÀ ÃÉÀËÄØÔÖÒÉ ÅÀ-ÒÉÀÍÔÄÁÉ: ÀÙæÄ | ÄÙæÄ | ÄæÄ |ÀæÄ (ËÍÔ.), ÀÙÏ | ÄÙÏ |ÏÙÏ | ÀÙæÄ (ÜÏË.), ÄÓ ÖÊÀÍÓÊÍÄËÉ (ÀÙæÄ) ÞÉÒÉÈÀÃÀÃ ÂÀÌÏÉÚÄÍÄÁÀ ÓÀÚÃÒÖË ÌÄÔÚÅÄ-ËÄÁÀÛÉ, ÒÏÌÄËÉÝ ÔÄÒÉÔÏÒÉÖËÀÃ ÀáËÏÓÀÀ ËÄÍÔÄáÈÀÍ.

ÝÍÏÁÉËÉÀ, ÒÏÌ ÓÅÀÍÖÒÉÓ ÚÅÄËÀ ÃÉÀËÄØÛÉ, ÌÀÈ ÛÏÒÉÓ ÜÏ-ËÖÒÖËÛÉÝ, ,,ÈÖ" ÌÀØÅÄÌÃÄÁÀÒÄÁÄËÉ ÊÀÅÛÉÒÉÓ ÌÍÉÛÅÍÄËÏÁÉÈ ÓáÅÀÃÀÓáÅÀ ÊÀÅÛÉÒÄÁÉÀ ÂÀÌÏÚÄÍÄÁÖËÉ, ÌÀÂ.: ÄÒ | Ä, ËÀá | ÀËÀá, äÄ | Ä, ëÌÀ | ëÌÏ, ëÓÀ ÃÀ À.Û. ÜÀÌÏÈÅËÉËÈÀÂÀÍ ÆÏÂ ÌÀÈÂÀÍÓ (ÄÒ | Ä, ËÀá | ÀËÀá) ÐÀÒÀËÄËÖÒÀÃ ,,ÒÏÌ" ÊÀÅÛÉÒÉÓ ÌÍÉÛÅÍÄËÏÁÀÝ ÀØÅÓ. ÒÀÝ ÛÄÄáÄÁÀ ÀÙæÄ | ÀÙÏ ÊÀÅÛÉÒÓ, ËÄÍÔÄáÖÒÓÀ ÃÀ ÜÏËÖÒÖËÛÉ ÌáÏËÏÃ ,,ÈÖ" -Ó ÌÍÉÛÅÍÄËÏÁÉÈ ÃÀÓÔÖÒÃÄ-ÁÀ ÃÀ ØÀÒÈÖËÉ ,,ÈÖ" -ÓÂÀÍ ÂÀÍÓáÅÀÅÄÁÉÈ, ÌáÏËÏÃ ÃÀ ÌáÏËÏÃ ÌÀØÅÄÌÃÄÁÀ-ÒÄÁËÉÓ ×ÖÍØÝÉÀ ÀØÅÓ.

ÄÙæÄ | ÄÙÏ ÊÀÅÛÉÒÉ áÌÀÒÄÁÉÓ ÓÉáÛÉÒÉÈ ËÄÍÔÄáÖÒÓÀ ÃÀ ÜÏËÖ-ÒÖËÛÉ ÈÉÈØÌÉÓ ÄÒÈÍÀÉÒ ÓÖÒÀÈÓ ÂÅÉÜÅÄÍÄÁÓ ÃÀ ÐÀÒÀËÄËÖÒÀÃ ßÉÍÀÃÀÃÄ-ÁÀÛÉ ÛÄÉÞËÄÁÀ ÜÀÄÍÀÝÅËÏÓ ,,ÈÖ" -Ó ÌÍÉÛÅÍÄËÏÁÉÈ ÂÀÌÏÚÄÍÄÁÖË ËÀá, ÄÒ | Ä, ëÌÏ, ëÓÀ ÊÀÅÛÉÒÄÁÓ:

ÀÍÙÄËÓ ÄÒ | ÄÙÏ ËÉ ÀæÃÀÒ, ÉÌÈÄ ÄÓÙÒÉ? (ÜÏË.) ,,ÌÏÓÀËÏÃÍÄËÉ ÈÖÀ ÀÅÃÀÒÉ, ÓÀÃ ÌÉÃÉáÀÒ" ?

ÀãÀá ËÏØ ÄÒ | ÄÙÏ ØÀ áëØæÍÄ, ÝÏÃ ÌÉÜ ლოØ áëÒÉ (ÜÏË.) ,,ÊÉÃÄÅ ÈÖ ÄÔÚÅÉÏ, ÝÏÃÅÀ ÛÄÍ ÂÄØÍÄÁÀÏ" .

ËÄÆÏÁÃ ËÀá | ÄÙÏ Ìí áÀÚÀ, ÃêÒ ÉÆÁÉ (ÜÏË.) ,,ÓÀàÌÄËÀÃ ÈÖ ÀÒ

erTi maqvemdebarebeli kavSiris Sesaxeb svanurSi

223

ÅÀÒÂÀ, ÀÒÀÅÉÍ àÀÌÓ" . ÀËÄ ËÏØ Ä | ÄÙÏ Ìí áÀÊÖÜ, ãÄÎ ËÏØ ÀÎÄÓ ÎÄáæÃ (ÜÏË.) ,,ÄÓ ÈÖ ÀÒ

ÂÉÍÃÀÏ, ÌÄ (`ÈÅÉÈÏÍÏ") ßÀÅÉÚÅÀÍÏ (`ßÀÉÙÄÁÓ") ÝÏËÀÃ" . Ä | ÄæÄ ËÏØ áÏÝáÀ, ËðÃÄÙÉæ ÀÃðÎÄ (ËÍÔ., 178) ,,ÈÖ ÖÒÜÄÅÍÉÀÏ,

ÃÙÄÓÅÄ ßÀÉÚÅÀÍÏÓÏ" . ëÌÀ | ÄÙÏ ÄáÌÄâÒÉ, ÄÆÀÒ, Ä | ÄÙÏ ÌíÃëÎ ÊÉÍÜáÖ ãÉÚæì×À (ÜÏË.) ,,ÈÖ

ÂÀÉÂÄÁ, ÊÀÒÂÉ, ÈÖ ÀÒÀÃÀ ÊÉÓÄÒÉÝ ÂÉÔÄáÉÀ" . ëÓÀ | ÄÙÏ ÌéÒ ãÀÊÏÊÌÀÍ, ÜæÀØÖÝ (ÜÏË.) ,,ÈÖ ÂÄÄàÅÄÁÀ (`ÂÄÚÏÚÌÀÍÄÁÀ")

ÂÀÜÖÌÃÉ" . ÀÙÍÉÛÍÖËÉ ÊÀÅÛÉÒÉ ÞÉÒÉÈÀÃÀÃ ÂÀÌÏÉÚÄÍÄÁÀ ÐÉÒÏÁÉÈ ÃÀÌÏÊÉÃÄÁÖË

ßÉÍÀÃÀÃÄÁÀÛÉ. ÄÙæÄ | ÄÙÏ ÊÀÅÛÉÒÉÓ ÛÄÌÝÅÄËÉ ßÉÍÀÃÀÃÄÁÀ ÛÄÉÞËÄÁÀ ßÉÍ ÖÓßÒÄÁ-

ÃÄÓ ÀÍ ÌÏÓÃÄÅÃÄÓ ÌÈÀÅÀÒ ßÉÍÀÃÀÃÄÁÀÓ. ÈÖ ßÉÍ ÖÓßÒÄÁÓ, ÌÀÛÉÍ ßÉÍÀÃÀÃÄÁÀ ÉßÚÄÁÀ ÄÙÏ-ÈÉ ÀÍ ÌÏØÝÄÖËÉÀ ÃÀÌÏÊÉÃÄÁÖË ßÉÍÀÃÀÃÄÁÀÛÉ, áÏËÏ ÈÖ ÌÏ-ÓÃÄÅÓ ÀÙæÄ, ÞÉÒÉÈÀÃÀÃ ÃÀÌÏÊÉÃÄÁÖËÉ ßÉÍÀÃÀÃÄÁÉÓ ÛÖÀÛÉÀ, ÚÏÅÄËÈÅÉÓ ÛÄÌÀÓÌÄÍËÉÓ ßÉÍ, ÈÖÌÝÀ ÂÅÀØÅÓ ÉÓÄÈÉ ÛÄÌÈáÅÄÅÄÁÉÝ, ÒÏÃÄÓÀÝ ÌÈÀÅÒÉÓ ÌÏ-ÌÃÄÅÍÏ ÃÀÌÏÊÉÃÄÁÖË ßÉÍÀÃÀÃÄÁÀÓ ÀÙÍÉÛÍÖËÉ ÊÀÅÛÉÒÉ ÉßÚÄÁÓ.

ÌÀÂÀËÉÈÀÃ, ÃÀÌÏÊÉÃÄÁÖËÉ ßÉÍ ÖÓßÒÄÁÓ ÌÈÀÅÀÒÓ ÃÀ ÄÙÏ ÊÀÅÛÉÒÉ ÉßÚÄÁÓ ÃÀÌÏÊÉÃÄÁÖË ßÉÍÀÃÀÃÄÁÀÓ:

ÄÙæÄ ÛÉÃ áÖÙæÄ ËÉÝ ×ÄÃÉÀÓ, ჟ’ðËÝÖÍÄá (ËÍÔ., 27.) ` ÈÖ (áÄËÃÀ-áÄË) ÀáËÏÓ ÀØÅÈ ßÚÀËÉ, ÒßÚÀÅÄÍ" .

ÀÙæÄ ÌÄÍÂÄÒÄ ËÉ, ÜÖ áæÀÔðÁÄÃ (ËÍÔ., 22.) `ÈÖ ÌÓáÅÉËÉÀ, ÜÀÌÏ-ÅÈËÉÈ" .

ÀæÄ ÑÉ ÃÄÌ áæÀáÒÀÊðæÉÃ, ÄÜØÀ ØÀ áæÀØæÝÖÒÄÃ ÍðßÉËðËÓ (ËÍÔ., 39.) `ÈÖ ÀÒ ÅáÒÀÊÀÅÈ, ÌÀÛÉÍ ÅÀàÒÉÈ ÍÀßÉËÄÁÓ" .

ÀæÄ Ø’ÀÈÀØðÃÍÄ, ÄÜØÀ ÉÛÊÄÍ áÀ×ÛæÔÄ (ËÍÔ., 42.) `ÈÖ ÀÀÝÉËÄÁÓ, ÌÀ-ÛÉÍ ÓáÅÀ ÄÓÅÒÉÓ" .

ÄæÄ | ÄÙæÄ ÐÀÔæÒÄÍ ÌÀÒÀÓ ØÀ ÃÄÛ ðÍÚÉÃÍÀ, ÄÜØÀ ØÀ æÄÃÃÀá ãÏÃÉÀáÏ (ËÍÔ., 89) `ÈÖ ÐÀÔÒÏÍÉ ÊÀÝÓ ÅÄÒ ÂÀÌÏÉÓÚÉÃÃÀ, ÌÀÛÉÍ ÂÀÚÉÃÃÍÄÍ ÛÏÒÓ" .

ÄÙÏ áÀÊÀ×á ÃìÍÀ ËÉÝæÒÄ, ÄÜØÀ ÜÖ ÝÖÒÄá (ÜÏË) `ÈÖ ÓÖÒÈ ÂÏÂÏÓ ÃÀÔÏÅÄÁÀ, ÌÀÛÉÍ ÔÏÅÄÁÄÍ" .

ÃÀÌÏÊÉÃÄÁÖËÉ ßÉÍÀÃÀÃÄÁÀ ßÉÍ ÖÓßÒÄÁÓ ÌÈÀÅÀÒÓ, ÄÙÏ ÊÀÅÛÉÒÉ ÊÉ ÃÀÌÏÊÉÃÄÁÖËÉ ßÉÍÀÃÀÃÄÁÉÓ ÛÖÀÛÉÀ (ÚÏÅÄËÈÅÉÓ ÆÌÍÉÓ ßÉÍ):

ÌÉÜÀ ÝáêÒÀËÓ ËÏØ ÄÙÏ ØÀ áÀÈíÍÍÄá, ÄÜØÀ ÜÖ ËÏØ áêÌÍÄ ËÄÙæÓ (ÜÏË) `ÜÄÌ ×ÒÜáÉËÄÁÓ ÈÖ ÌÀÓßÀÅËÉÈÏ, ÌÀÛÉÍ ÂÀàÌÄÅÏ áÏÒÝÓ" .

ÍÀÖâÄÃÀÓ ËÏØ ÏÙÏ ÃëÌ ÉÜÏ, ËÀÃÄÙ ÍÀÒÉÃ ÄÛì ËÏØ ÀÍâÀÃ (ÜÏË) `ÌÏÖÓÅËÄËÏÁÀÓ ÈÖ ÀÒ ÉÛËÉÏ, ÃÙÉÓ ÓÉÍÀÈËÄÆÄ ÌÀÉÍÝ ÌÏÃÉÏ" .

àÚðÍÔ ÈðÛ ÀÙæÄ ÌðÃ ÂÖÙæÀ, ÜÖ áæÀÁØæÄÃ ËéãÉÌ ÈðÛÓ (ËÍÔ., 35) `àÚÉÍÔÉ ÚÅÄËÉ ÈÖ ÀÒ ÂÅÀØÅÓ, ÅÀËÁÏÁÈ ÌÀÒÉËÉÀÍ ÚÅÄËÓ" .

n . S a v r e S i a n i

224

ËÄÂÃ ËÏØ ÀÙæÄ ðÒÉ, ÃÏáÃæÉÒÓ ËÏØ âÉÃÄá (ËÍÔ., 49) `ÀÅÀÃ ÈÖ ÀÒÉÓÏ, ÄØÉÌÓ ÌÏÅÉÚÅÀÍÈÏ" .

ÃÀÌÏÊÉÃÄÁÖËÉ ßÉÍÀÃÀÃÄÁÀ ÌÏÓÃÄÅÓ ÌÈÀÅÀÒÓ ÃÀ ÊÀÅÛÉÒÉ ÃÀÌÏÊÉÃÄ-ÁÖËÉ ßÉÍÀÃÀÃÄÁÉÓ ÛÖÀÛÉÀ ÌÏØÝÄÖËÉ:

ÆÖÒÀË ÑÉ áÄÊæÄÓ ÀËÂÄÍÄËÀÓ, ÙâÀჟÌÀÒÄÓ ÄæÄ ÀÃÀÛÉÀÛÏË (ËÍÔ., 59) ` ØÀËÉ ÖÍÃÀ ÀÌÃÂÀÒÉÚÏ, ÈÖ ÊÀÝÓ ÖáÓÍÉÃÀ áÄËÓ" .

ÌÉÛÊæÀÛáÏÉã ÀÍâÄá, ÜÖ ÄÙæÄ ÉÌÄÉã ÀÒÉá (ËÍÔ., 74) ` ÜÄÌÈÀÍ ÌÏÅÉÃ-ÍÄÍ-ÈØÏ, ÈÖ ÓÀÃÌÄ ÀÒÉÀÍ-ÌÄÈØÉ" .

ØÀ ËÏØ áÀæÃÉ ÃìÍÀÓ, ÌÉÍÄ àÚÉÍÔ ËÏØ ÄÙÏ ÀáÓÄÒÍÄ (ÜÏË.) ` ÌÏÂÝÄ-ÌÏ ØÀËÉÛÅÉËÓ, ÈÖ ÈØÅÄÍÉ ÁÉàÉ ÀãÏÁÄÁÓÏ" .

ÀãÀáî ËÏØ ÀÔÀá, ÍðÚÉÒ ËÏØ ÄÙÏ áÀÊÖ (ÜÏË.) `ÊÉÃÄÅ ÃÀÁÒÖÍÃÉÏ, ÈÖ ÂÉÍÃÀÏ ÝÄÌÀ" .

ÌÈÀÅÒÉÓ ÌÏÌÃÄÅÍÏ ÃÀÌÏÊÉÃÄÁÖË ßÉÍÀÃÀÃÄÁÀÓ ÉßÚÄÁÓ ÄÙÏ ÊÀÅÛÉÒÉ: ÄÜØÀ ÛÉÄ ÂæÉÂæØÀ ÆÉÓá ËÏØ ÀáÏâÄÃÄÍÉ, ÀÙæÄ ËÏØ ÌÉჩÀ ãÖÌÉËÓ

ÌðÃÌÀ áÄÚÄÒÄÍÉ (ËÍÔ., 167) ` ÌÀÛÉÍ áÄËÉÓ ÂÖËÉÃÀÍ ÓÉÓáËÉ ßÀÌÏÌÉÅÀÏ, ÈÖ ÜÄÌ ÞÌÀÓ ÀÒÀ×ÄÒÉ ÃÀÄÌÀÒÈÄÁÀÏ" .

ÃÉÄÛ É ÌÖÄ ÂÄÆÀËÓ, ÀÙæÄ àÚÉÍÔ ËÉ, àÚÉÍÔ ÂÄÆÀË áÀჟÀáÀ (ËÍÔ., 19) ` ÃÄÃ-ÌÀÌÉÓ ÛÅÉËÓ, ÈÖ ÁÉàÉÀ, ÅÀÑÉÛÅÉËÉ äØÅÉÀ" .

ÜÖ ËÏØÖ ÀÍâÀÃ, ÀÙæÄ ËÏØ áÏÜÀ Ãðæ ËÄÓ (ËÍÔ., 135) ` ÜÀÌÏÃÉÏ, ÈÖ ÊÀÒÂÉ ÃÄÅÉ áÀÒÏ" .

ÉÌÈÄ ËÏØ áÀàÌÀ, ÄÙÏ ËÏØ Ìí áÀÈÒíÍÀ (ÜÏË.) ` ÓÀÃ ÌÉÓÃÄÅÃÉÏ, ÈÖ ÀÒ ÉÝÍÏÁÃÉÏ" .

ÀÒÉÓ ÛÄÌÈáÅÄÅÄÁÉ, ÒÏÃÄÓÀÝ ÃÀÌÏÊÉÃÄÁÖËÉ ßÉÍÀÃÀÃÄÁÀ ÌÈÀÅÀÒÛÉÀ ÌÏØÝÄÖËÉ:

ÄÜêÍÙÏÍÄÍ, ÄÙÏ ãÄÊæÃì, ჟÄáÊÄÃáÉ (ÜÏË.) ` ÌÄÒÄ, ÈÖ ÂÄÍÃÏÌÄÁÀ, ÀÉ-ÙÄÁ" .

ÀÌïÍÙÏ, ÄÙÏ ËÏØ áÀÊÖ, ÀãÀáÖ ËÏØ ÀÔÀá (ÜÏË.) ` ÀßÉ, ÈÖ ÂÉÍÃÀ, ÊÉ-ÃÄÅ ÃÀÁÒÖÍÃÉÏ" .

ÀÈÏàÊæÀÒÀ, ÄÒÄ ÄæÄ (|ÀÙæÄ) Ø’ÀÃÀÓÊÉÍÏË, ØÀ áðÜÄÛÍÀ ÓÊæÄÁÉÍ ÙæÀÛðÒÓ (ËÍÔ., 87) ` Ö×ÉØÒÉÀ, ÈÖ ÂÀÃÀÅáÔÄÁÉ, ÂÀÖÓßÒÄÁÏ ßÉÍ ãÉáÅÄÁÓ" .

ÒÉÂ ÛÄÌÈáÅÄÅÀÛÉ ÀÙæÄ||ÄÙÏ ÊÀÅÛÉÒÉ ÛÄÉÞËÄÁÀ ÜÀÒÈÖËÉ ÉÚÏÓ ÐÒÄÅÄÒ-ÁÓÀ ÃÀ ÆÌÍÀÓ ÛÏÒÉÓ. ÐÒÄÅÄÒÁÉÓÄÖËÉ áÌÏÅÍÉÓÀ ÃÀ ÌÀØÅÄÌÃÄÁÀÒÄÁÄËÉ ÊÀÅÛÉ-ÒÉÓ áÌÏÅÍÄÁÉÓ (À, Ï, Ä) ÛÄáÅÄÃÒÀ ÜÏËÖÒÖËÛÉ áÌÏÅÍÉÓ ÃÀÂÒÞÄËÄÁÀÓ ÉßÅÄÅÓ:

Ø’ëÙÏ áêæÃÉ, ØÀ áÀÙÒÉÓ (ÜÏË.) ` ÈÖ ÀÞËÄÅ, ÀÙÉÒÓÄ" . Ø’íÙÏ áÀÔîËÃÀ ÄÛì, ÄÜØÀ ÉÌ ÌÀÁÏÃÀæÍÀ (ÜÏË.) ` ÈÖ ÃÀÖÞÀáÄÁÃÀ ÌÀ-

ÉÍÝ, ÌÀÛÉÍ ÒÀÓ ÌÀÁÏÃÉÀËÄÁÃÀ" . ËÄÍÔÄáÖÒÛÉ ÃÀÓÔÖÒÃÄÁÀ ÛÄÌÈáÅÄÅÄÁÉ, ÒÏÃÄÓÀÝ ÀÙæÄ-Ó ÀáËÀÅÓ

ÄÒÄ ` ÒÏÌ" ÊÀÅÛÉÒÉ, ÈÖ ßÉÍ ÖÓßÒÄÁÓ ÄÒÄ-Ó, ÀÙæÄ ÊÀÅÛÉÒÉÓ áÌÏÅÍÉÓ ÛÄ-áÅÄÃÒÀ ÄÒÄ ÊÀÅÛÉÒÉÓ áÌÏÅÀÍÈÀÍ ÜÅÄÖËÄÁÒÉÅ ÄËÉÆÉÀÓ ÉßÅÄÅÓ:


225

ÀÙæ’ÄÒÄ (|ÄÙæ’ÄÒÄ) ÆÉÓá ÂÀÒ ËÉ, ÄÜØÀ ãÉÌÓ áÀÍðÜÃÄá (ËÍÔ., 61) ` ÈÖ ÓÉÓáËÉ ÌÀÒÔÏÀ, ÌÀÛÉÍ ÌÀÒÉËÓ ÖÒÄÅÄÍ" .

ÀÙæ’ÄÒÄ ÛÉÛÔ ÃÄÌ ðÃÃÀÂðÒÉ áðÌ, ÑÉ áÄÊæÄÓ ËÀáÀàÊÏÒÉá ×ÏÜËÉÊðÒ (ËÍÔ., 61) ` ÈÖ ÌÀËÄ ÀÒ ÌÏÊÅÃÄÁÀ ÙÏÒÉ, ÖÍÃÀ ÃÀÀàÒÀÍ ×ÄáÄÁÉ (ÜËÉØÄ-ÁÉ)" .

ÀÙæ’ÄÒ ÀÓËÀÍÁÄØ ÌÄÓÄÌÄ ËðÃÄÙ ÃÄÌ ÀÍâÄÃÄÍ, ÄÜØÀ ÀËÌðÉÓÓ Ñ’ÀÍÀãðÁÍðá (ËÍÔ., 140) ` ÈÖ ÀÓËÀÍÁÄØÉ ÌÄÓÀÌÄ ÃÙÄÓ ÀÒ ÌÏÅÉÃÏÃÀ, ÌÀÛÉÍ ÀËÌÀÉÓÓ ÌÏáÀÒÛÀÅÃÍÄÍ" .

ÀÙæÄ ËÏØ ÄÒÄ ÓÀÌÀÒÈËÉðÍ ËÄÓÄÓ, ÄÜØÀ áÏÜÀÌÃ ËÏØÖ ðÌÄÔÄáËÉ (ËÍÔ., 153) ` ÈÖ ÓÀÌÀÒÈËÉÀÍÉ ÉÚÏÏ, ÌÀÛÉÍ ÊÀÒÂÀÃ ÃÀÁÒÖÍÄÁÖËÉÚÀÅÉÏ" .

ÌÉÜ ÀÈÏàÊæÀÒÀ, ÄÒÄ ÄæÄ (|ÀÙÅÄ) Ø’ÀÃÀÓÊÉÍÏË ØÀ áðÜÄÛÄÍÍÀ ÓÊæÄÁÉÍ ÙæÀÛðÒÓ (ËÍÔ., 87) ` ÈÅÉÈÏÍ Ö×ÉØÒÉÀ, ÈÖ ÂÀÃÀÅáÔÄÁÉ, ÂÀÅÖÓßÒÄÁÏ ßÉÍ ãÉá-ÅÄÁÓ" .

ÄÙÏÓ ÀØÅÓ ` ÈÖ ÊÉ" -Ó ÌÍÉÛÅÍÄËÏÁÀÝ, ÆÏÂ ÛÄÌÈáÅÄÅÀÛÉ ÃÀÌÀÔÄÁÉÈ ÛÄÉÞËÄÁÀ ÃÀÉÒÈÏÓ ëÓÀ, ëÌÀ ÊÀÅÛÉÒÄÁÉÝ, ÈÖÌÝÀ ÃÀÌÏÖÊÉÃÄÁËÀÃÀÝ ÂÀÃÌÏ-ÓÝÄÌÓ ` ÈÖ ÊÉ" -Ó ÓÄÌÀÍÔÉÊÀÓ:

ÜÖ ÄÙÏ [ëÓÀ] ÀÌÛÉáÍÄá, ×ÄÒ×Ë ÍÏÓÀ ÀÛéÃÀ (ÜÏË.) ` ÈÖ ÊÉ ÃÀÌßÅÀ-ÅÄÍ, ×ÄÒ×ËÉ ÀÒ ÂÀÃÀÚÀÒÏ" .

ÜÖ ÄÙÏ [ëÌÀ] ÄáÒÄÊÉ, ÄÜØÀ áÀÊÖ ËÉÌÖÒãÉ (ÜÏË.) ` ÈÖÊÉ ÜÀÌÏÄÊÉÃÄÁÀ, ÌÀÛÉÍ ÖÍÃÀ ÌÉáÌÀÒÄÁÀ" .

ÐÉÒÏÁÉÈ ÃÀÌÏÊÉÃÄÁÖËÉ ßÉÍÀÃÀÃÄÁÉÓ ÌÈÀÅÀÒ ßÉÍÀÃÀÃÄÁÀÛÉ áÛÉÒÀÃ ßÀÒÌÏÃÂÄÍÉËÉÀ ÓÀÊÏÒÄËÀÝÉÏ ÓÉÔÚÅÀ ÄÜØÀ ` ÌÀÛÉÍ", ÈÖ ÂÀÌÏÔÏÅÄÁÖËÉÀ, ÌÉÓÉ ÀÙÃÂÄÍÀ ÀÃÅÉËÀÃ ÛÄÉÞËÄÁÀ:

ÀæÄ ÌðÂÓ Ø’ÀÛÃÄ, ÄÜØÀ Ñ’ðÍÊÄÃ ÂÀÊðÒÓ (ËÍÔ., 42) ` ÈÖ ÚÅÄËÀÓ ÂÀÃÀ-ÚÒÉÓ, ÌÀÛÉÍ ÚÅÄËÀÓ ÀÉÙÄÁÓ" .

ÄãÉ ÀæÄ Ø’ÀÛÃÄ, ÄÜØÀ Ñ’ðÍÊÄÃ ÂÀÊðÒÓ (ËÍÔ., 42) ` ÉÓ ÈÖ ÂÀÃÀÚÒÉÓ, ÌÀÛÉÍ ÀÉÙÄÁÓ ÊÀÊÀËÓ" .

ÂÒÞÍÏÁÉÓÀ ÃÀ ÈØÌÀ-ÁÒÞÀÍÄÁÉÓ ÂÀÌÏÌáÀÔÅÄË ÆÌÍÀÈÀ ÛÄÌÝÅÄË ßÉÍÀÃÀ-ÃÄÁÀÈÀ ØÅÄßÚÏÁÀÛÉ ÄÙÏ ÊÀÅÛÉÒÉ ÛÄÉÞËÄÁÀ ÊÉÈáÅÉÈ ÓÉÔÚÅÄÁÈÀÍ ÄÒÈÀÃ ÃÀ-ÃÀÓÔÖÒÃÄÓ:

ÄÙÏ ëÌÄ áÄÌÂéÍÉ ÂÄÆÀË, ÜÉêÂ áÄÈáëËÉ (ÜÏË.) ` ÈÖ ÓÀÃÌÄ ÄÂÖËÄÁÀ ÛÅÉËÉ, ÚÅÄËÂÀÍ ÄÞÄÁÓ" .

ÄÙÏ ëÌáÄÍ áêÒ ÀÍÙÄËÓ, ËëÈÉ-ËÀÃÄÙ áÄÌêÒêË (ÜÏË.) ` ÈÖ ÓÀÉÃÀÍ-ÌÄÀ ÌÏÓÀËÏÃÍÄËÉ, ÃÙÄÃÀÙÀÌ ÄÌÆÀÃÄÁÀ" .

ÌÉÛÊæÀÛáÏÉã ÀÍâÄá ÄãÌÉÍ, ÜÖ ÄÙæÄ ÉÌÄÉã ÀÒÉá! (ËÍÔ., 74) ` ÜÄÌÈÀÍ ÌÏÅÉÃÍÄÍ-ÈØÏ ÉÓÉÍÉ, ÈÖ ÓÀÃÌÄ ÀÒÉÀÍ-ÈØÏ" .

ÀÙÍÉÛÍÖËÉ ÊÀÅÛÉÒÉ ÃÀÉÒÈÀÅÓ ÖÀÒÚÏ×ÉÈ ÍÀßÉËÀÊÄÁÓ ÃÀ ÂÅÀØÅÓ ÛÄÌ-ÃÄÂÉ ×ÏÒÌÄÁÉ: ÄÙÏ ÃÏÛ ` ÈÖ ÀÒ" , ÄÙÏ ÌíÃ ` ÈÖ ÀÒ" , ÄÙÏ ÃíÌ ` ÈÖ ÀÒ" , ÄÙÏ ÃëÛ ` ÈÖ ÅÄÒ" , ÄÙÏ ÌêÃ ` ÈÖ ÀÒ" (ÜÏË.), ÀÙæÄ ÌðÃÄ ` ÈÖ ÀÒÀ-

n . S a v r e S i a n i

226

ÃÀ" , ÀÙæÄ ÌðÃÛæ ` ÈÖ ÅÄÒ" , (ËÍÔ.). ÓÀÁÏËÏÏÃ ÛÄÉÞËÄÁÀ ÃÀÅÀÓÊÅÍÀÈ, ÒÏÌ ÓÅÀÍÖÒÉÓ ÓáÅÀ ÃÉÀËÄØÔÄÁÉÓÀ-

ÂÀÍ ÂÀÍÓáÅÀÅÄÁÉÈ ËÄÍÔÄáÖÒÉÝ ÃÀ ÜÏËÖÒÖËÉÝ ÐÉÒÏÁÉÈ ÃÀÌÏÊÉÃÄÁÖË ßÉÍÀÃÀÃÄÁÀÛÉ ` ÈÖ" ÊÀÅÛÉÒÉÓ ÌÍÉÛÅÍÄËÏÁÉÈ ÀÙæÄ|ÄÙÏ ÊÀÅÛÉÒÓ ÀÍÉàÄÁÓ ÖÐÉÒÀÔÄÓÏÁÀÓ.

ÄÙÏ ÌÀØÅÄÌÃÄÁÀÒÄÁÄËÉ ÊÀÅÛÉÒÉÓ ÛÄÌÝÅÄËÉ ÃÀÌÏÊÉÃÄÁÖËÉ ßÉÍÀÃÀÃ-ÄÁÉÓ ÀÃÂÉËÉ ÈÀÅÉÓÖ×ÀËÉÀ, ÀÓÄÅÄ ÈÀÅÉÓÖ×ÀËÉÀ ÄÙÏ-Ó ÐÏÆÉÝÉÀ ÈÅÉÈ ÃÀ-ÌÏÊÉÃÄÁÖË ßÉÍÀÃÀÃÄÁÀÛÉ (ÀÍ ÉßÚÄÁÓ ÀÍ ÛÖÀÛÉÀ ÌÏØÝÄÖËÉ), ÈÖÌÝÀ ÚÏÅÄË-ÈÅÉÓ ßÉÍ ÖÓßÒÄÁÓ ÆÌÍÀ-ÛÄÌÀÓÌÄÍÄËÓ.

ÂÀÍáÉËÖËÉ ÌÀÓÀËÀ ÝáÀÃÚÏ×Ó, ÒÏÌ ÄÙÏ ÊÀÅÛÉÒÉÓ ÂÀÌÏÚÄÍÄÁÀ ÓÀÊÌÀ-ÏÃ ÓÉÓÔÄÌÖÒÉÀ, Ö×ÒÏ ÌÄÔÉÝ, ÜÏËÖÒÖËÉÓÂÀÍ ÂÀÍÓáÅÀÅÄÁÉÈ ËÄÍÔÄáÖÒÉÓ ÐÉÒÏÁÉÈ ÃÀÌÏÊÉÃÄÁÖË ßÉÍÀÃÀÃÄÁÀÓ ÓáÅÀ ÌÀØÅÄÌÃÄÁÀÒÄÁÄËÉ ÊÀÅÛÉÒÉ ÈÉÈ-ØÌÉÓ ÀÒÝ ÂÀÀÜÍÉÀ (ÄÒÈÀÃÄÒÈÉ Ä ÊÀÅÛÉÒÉÀÍÉ ÌÀÂÀËÉÈÉ ÃÀÃÀÓÔÖÒÃÀ ÐÒÏ-ÆÀÖË ÔÄØÓÔÄÁÛÉ).

ËÉÔÄÒÀÔÖÒÀ

1. ÓÅÀÍÖÒÉ ÐÒÏÆÀÖËÉ ÔÄØÓÔÄÁÉ, ËÄÍÔÄáÖÒÉ ÊÉËÏ, III, ÈÁ.,1967

Nato Shavreshiani

On One Subordinative Conjunction in Svan

S u m m a r y

At the end we can conclude, that, differently from other dialects, Lentekhian and Cholurian of Svan predominant aaaaγγγγûûûûeeeeººººeeeeγγγγoooo conjunction with the meaning of a u “if” conjunction in a conditional subordinate clause.

A place of a subordinate clause with eeeeγγγγoooo subordinate conjunction is free, also possition of eeeeγγγγo o o o in a subordinate clause (it begins or is in the middle of it), is free, though it always preceeds a verb-predicative.

It must be emphasized, that an analytical conjuction formarly coincides with jajajajaγγγγooooººººaaaaγγγγûûûûeeee conjunction in all dialects (in most cases in Lentekhian). Their differentiation is easy according to context.

An analized material demonstrates, that using of eeeeγγγγoooo conjuction is systemic,


227

the more, differently with Cholurian, Lentekhian conditional subordinate clause almost has no other subordinative conjunction (one example with e conjunction was attested in prosaic texts).

qarTvelur enaTa struqturis sakiTxebiqarTvelur enaTa struqturis sakiTxebiqarTvelur enaTa struqturis sakiTxebiqarTvelur enaTa struqturis sakiTxebi. . . . X . . . . 2009200920092009

memememerab Curab Curab Curab Cuxuaxuaxuaxua

damatebiTi masalebi saerToqarTveluri fuZe-enis

leqsikuri fondisaTvis

qarT. gggg…………iiiiZZZZ-in-i `veluri tredi~ (saba), zan. (laz.) gurZgurZgurZgurZ-ul-i

`mtredis saxeoba~, svan. gggg…………awawawaw-a� `mgalobeli Citi~; bulbuli~; axsnas iTxovs svanuris a a a a gaxmovaneba (asimilaciuria ? Sdr. momdevno -aaaaÎ daboloeba). qarTuli -inininin, lazuri -uuuullll da svanuri _ aaaa�� damoukide-beli formantebia; isini erTmaneTamde ar daiKvaneba.

s.-qarTv. *ggggæiZiZiZiZ- `mtredis saxeoba~ qarT. benbenbenben-/binbinbinbin-/bnbnbnbn- `Sekvra, Sebneva~, i-bnbnbnbn-ev-s, sa-bnbnbnbn-ev-i, zan.

(megr.) o-bbbbiiiinnnn-a-li `Sesabnevi~, o-binbinbinbin-u/bibibibin-u-a `Sekvra~, u-binbinbinbin-un-s ùbnevs~, go-binbinbinbin-il-i `Sekruli~, svan. li-bnbnbnbn-e `Sekvra, Sebneva~, le-bnbnbnbn-a `Gili~, i-bnbnbnbn-e `Seikravs, Seibnevs~; qarTul-zanur fuZeTa erTia-noba cnobilia [fenrixi, sarJvelaZe 2000: 102-103], aqve Semodis sva-nuri bnbnbnbn- zmnuri Ziric, romelic, iseve, rogorc qarTuli SesatKvi-si, reducirebul saxeobas warmoadgens.

s.-qarTv. *benbenbenben-/*binbinbinbin- `Sekvra, Sebneva~ qarT. jjjjvapvapvapvap-i `nestiani amindi~, svan. jjjjGGGGæapapapap `Tovlinarevi tala-

xi~; es dakavSireba kidev erTxel warmoaCens s.-qarTv. *jjjj→qarT. jjjj: zan. jjjjGGGG: svan. jjjjGGGG bgeraTSesatKvisobis realurobas (r.abaSia). ratom-Gac zanur-svanurSi mosalodneli jjjjgggg konsonanturi Tanmimdevrobis nacvlad misi spirantizebuli saxeoba gveZleva _ jjjjGGGG�*jjjjgggg?

s.-qarTv. *jjjjæapapapap- `Tovlnarevi nestianoba~ qarT. (imer.) CilCilCilCil-i `rbili~, svan. CqCqCqCqéllll `qorfa~; es qarTvelu-

ri fuZeebi ar gamoiKvaneba s.-qarTv. *CiCCiCCiCCiCæ-il- (qarT. CC‚l-i, zan. CiCqu) arqetipisagan da damoukidebel leqsikur erTeulebs warmo-adgenen, Sdr. bgeraTaSesatKvisoba qarT. CCCC: svan. CqCqCqCq.

s.-qarTv. *CilCilCilCil- `rbili; qorfa~

m . C u x u a

228

qarT. (imer.) cuxcuxcuxcux-i `gaiZvera, uvargisi kaci~, zan. (megr.) cucucucuGGGG-i �*cuxcuxcuxcux-i `qveS-qveSa kaci~, cucucucuGGGG-al-a//cucucucuGGGG-ob-a `qveS-qveSoba~, svan. cuxcuxcuxcuxæ ènamware, avi adamiani~; svanurSi bolokiduri æ sonanti wina-mavali Ziriseuli u u u u xmovnis asimilaciuri gavleniT ganviTarda.

s.-qarTv. *cuxcuxcuxcux- `gaiZvera, avi, qveS-qveSa (adamiani)~ qarT. (imer.) bubububugegegege `Kru~, bubububugegegege-T ismoda `Krud ismoda~, zan.

(megr.) bubububugagagaga `Seusmeneli, vinc ver igebs sxvis naTqvams~, `debili~; saKuradGeboa auslauturi qarT. eeee: zan. aaaa xmovnuri bgeraTSesatKvi-soba, rac araiSviaTad gamoCndeba, Sdr. qarT. makeeee; zan. mo(n)kaaaa, mag-ram qarT. Kureeee: zan. èureeee `mxare~...

s.-qarTv. *bugbugbugbug----eeee `Kru, Seusmeneli~ qarT. guguguguSinSinSinSin, xevs. guguguguSinSinSinSin-a `warsuli~, svan. GGGGoSoSoSoSgingingingin//GGGGæeSeSeSeS----

gingingingin//æeSeSeSeSgingingingin `bolo~; garda semantikuri sxvaobisa, aseve problemuri Cans Tavkiduri qarT. gggg: svan. GGGG//Ø bgeraTSesatKvisobac (Sdr. qarT. ggggen-i: svan. GGGGun�*GGGGin-æ `xbo~). Tumca ar gamoiricxeba istoriulad gggg////GGGG guturalTa fonetikuri darTva (v. Tofuria).

s.-qarTv. *æiS-in `warsuli; bolo~ qarT. mamamamarararara, zan. (megr.) momomomororororo àba~, laz. momomomororororo ìd~, svan.

marmarmarmar((((eeee)))) àramed~; qarTul-megrul fuZeTa erTianobaze miuTiTa prof. v. Sengeliam [Sengelia 2007:]. megrulSi momomomororororo mxolod qar-Tulidan Sesul abaabaabaaba formasTan SesitKvebaSi gamoiKeneba: abaabaabaaba, momomomororororo mu uCqudu àbaabaabaaba, ra icoda~.

s.-qarTv. *mmmmarararar----aaaa `magram; aramed~ qarT. wilwilwilwil-i, na-wilwilwilwil-i, svan. yyyyilililil `wili~; igive wilwilwilwil- Ziri SeiZ-

leba Candes Zv. qarT. wilwilwilwil-, mo-wilwilwilwil-v-a: zan. wilwilwilwil-�yyyyilililil- `krefa~ zmnur ZirebSic.

s.-qarTv. *wilwilwilwil- `wili, nawili; gamonawevreba~ qarT. wiwiwiwiqarqarqarqar-aaaa `wiTeli zroxa ZA; wiTeli B~ (saba), zan. (megr.)

wiwiwiwiqorqorqorqor-i `wiTeli~, wiwiwiwiqorqorqorqor-ia, wiwiwiwiqorqorqorqor-i-Ze (anTrop.), svan. wiqrwiqrwiqrwiqr-ð `wiTe-la~; qarTvelur ZirTa struqturul-semantikuri erTianoba eyvs ar iwvevs. saKuradGeboa gurul dialeqtSi fiqsirebuli megruli ga-xmovanebis wiwiwiwiqorqorqorqor-a/wiwiwiwiqorqorqorqor-ie `mwiTuri~ alomorfebi, romlebic za-nizmad unda iqnes kvalificirebuli.

s.-qarTv. *wiqwiqwiqwiq-ar- `wiTeli, mwiTuri~

damatebiTi masalebi saerToqarTveluri fuZe-enis...

229

qarT. wewewewerorororo, Zv. qarT. mwemwemwemwerorororo, wewewewerorororo-Ze (anTrop.), zan. yyyyaaaarorororo `qorsa hgavs, Tevzs amoitacebs wKliT da syams~ (saba), yyyyarararar-aia (an-Trop.), svan. yyyyôrrrr `KarKati~; qarTul-zanur fuZeTa erTianoba cno-bilia [rogava 1988: 59-60; klimovi 1998:309]. maTve ukavSirdeba sva-nuri yyyyôrrrr alomorfic _ yyyyôrrrr�*yyyyërrrræ�*yyyyeeeerorororo. yyyyôrrrr `KarKati~ mkac-rad unda gaimiJnos svan. yyyyæërrrr//yyyyæerererer `Kvavi~ fuZisagan (ix. qvemoT).

s.-qarTv. *werwerwerwer----oooo `wero; KarKati~ qarT. kvirkvirkvirkvir-ion-i `meskia, erTgvari frinveli (Citi)~, kkkk‚‚‚‚rrrr-ion-i

(frin. saba), zan. (laz.) kvarkvarkvarkvar-oJ-i//kvakvakvakva-oJ-i, megr. kvarkvarkvarkvar-ia `Kvavi~, svan. yyyyôrrrr//yyyyæërrrr//yyyyæërrrr////////yyyyerererer `Kvavi~; svanuri SesatKvisebi ganviTardnen k k k k-s palatilizaciis momdevno safexurze afrikatizaciis gziT _ *kkkkæërrrr // ****kkkkôrrrr→yyyyæërrrr//yyyyôrrrr. . . . zanur dialeqtTa aaaa gaxmovaneba svanuris eeee-sTan erTad qarTulisTvis amosavalSi eeee xmovans gvavaraudebinebs _ kviiiir-ion-i�*kveeeer-ion-i; anu eeee→→→→i i i i momdevno iiii-s asimilaciuri zegavleniT ganxorcielda.

s.-qarTv. *kkkkæerererer- `Kvavi~ qarT. (xevs.) a-TekTekTekTek-a `GvlerZa~, zan. (megr.) TikTikTikTik-i `tKis foT-

lovani mcenare~, svan. TekTekTekTek-ra `bokvi; nekerCxali~; qarTulSi TavCeni-li anlauturi a a a a sakuTriv xevsuruli danarTia, Sdr. qarT. sila, xevs. a a a asila `ludis kasri~. ase, rom qarTulisTvis aGsadgenia *TekTekTekTek-a saxeoba, romelsac kanonzomierad SeesatKviseba svan. TekTekTekTek----ra, zan. TikTikTikTik-i alomorfebi.

s.-qarTv. *TekTekTekTek- `GvlerZa; bokvi~ qarT. babababakankankankan----i `xis Jami, gina kus zurgi; xis pina~ (saba), zan.

(megr.) bobobobokonkonkonkon-i 1. `gulamoGebuli xis yuryeli, kasri~; 2. `saxlis saZirkvlis burJi, boZi~, svan. fakfakfakfakðnnnn//fafafafakankankankan//faknfaknfaknfakn-i `Jami~; qarTuli enis dasavlur dialeqtebSi (guruli, imeruli, leCxumuri) fiqsi-rebuli bobobobokonkonkonkon-i zanizmi Cans. TiTqos msgavs poziciaSi ar iKo mosa-lodneli svanuri bbbb fonemis daKrueba _ *bbbbakðn→→→→ffffakðn, magram Sdr. qarT. bbbbaKv-: svan. ffffeKæ//ffffoK-ra `gava~.

s.-qarTv. *babababakankankankan- àmoGrmavebuli yuryeli; kus zurgi~ qarT. {gvargvargvargvar}-, xevs. gvargvargvargvar-Zval-i `tKav-Zvali~, svan. ggggæerererer-e//ggggæðrrrr-e

// g g g gæerererer-e `tKavi~; xevsurul gvargvargvargvar- fuZes kanonzomierad SeesatKviseba svanur ggggæerererer----//ggggæðrrrr---- alomorfebi. svanuris e e e e daboloeba saxelobiTi

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brunvis formanti Cans, Sdr. mar-eeee `kaci~. s.-qarTv. *ggggæaaaar r r r –––– `tKavi~ qarT. xarxarxarxardandandandan-i `sari, yigo~, `sariani venaƒi dabali~ (saba),

ayar. `pirSuSxa~ (mc.), gur. erTgvari vazis JiSi~, zan.(megr.) xorxorxorxor----domdomdomdom----iiii→→→→////////xurxurxurxurdumdumdumdum-i `Jirkis grova, dawKobili SeSa~; megrulSi oooo→→→→////u u u u monacvleoba Sepirebulia meoreuli (nnnn→→→→mmmm) formaciis bilabialuri sonoris zegavleniT.

s.-qarTv. *xardxardxardxard----an `sari, yigo; Jirki~ qarT. {xumxumxumxum----}, gur. xumxumxumxum-ur-o `saZirkvlis qveda are~, svan. xunxunxunxun

`saZirkveli~; qarTul xumxumxumxum---- Zirs kanonzomierad SeesatKviseba svanuri xunxunxunxun alomorfi. mmmm→→→→n n n n nazalizaciis spontanuri procesi svanurSi xSirad gamoCndeba, Sdr.: svan. nnnnaxe ìaraGi~ _ qarT. mmmmaxe; svan. Jinnnnir `ciKvi~ _ qarT. Zammmml-i; svan. nnnnCæer `Znebad konva~ _ qarT. mmmmcvrev-a...

s.-qarTv. *xumxumxumxum- `saZirkveli~. qarT. {wwwwKKKKurururur}----, taba-wwwwKKKKurururur-i (top.), a-wwwwKKKKurururur-i (top.), zan. (laz.)

wkuwkuwkuwku-i// �wkurwkurwkurwkur-i `wKaro~, megr. ma-wwwwKKKKurururur-ia `Gele sof. ergetaSi (zugdidi)~, fu-wwwwKKKKurururur-i�*fuq-wwwwKKKKurururur-i `soflebi aCigvarasa da warCis TemSi~ [cxadaia, 2003:301]; qarTulsa da zanurSi odentoponimikur masalaSi SemorCenili wwwwKKKKurururur---- Ziri lazurSi dGesac wwwwKKKKaaaaros ros ros ros mniSvne-lobiT cocxal metKvelebaSi dasturdeba, oGond _ laz. wkurwkurwkurwkur-i ��wwwwKKKKurururur----i. cxadia, wwwwKKKKurururur- saerToqarTvelur fuZe enaSic arsebobda.

s.-qarTv. *wwwwKKKKurururur- `wKaros saxeoba~ qarT. bardbardbardbard-a `kulturuli parkosani mcenare~, kata-bardbardbardbard-a (sa-

ba), zan.(megr.) bobobobodordordordor-ia `balaxis saxeoba, igive mafatia(=mefetvia)~; megrulis Cveneba Zvirfasia qarTuli formis istoriis dasadgenad. irkveva, rom bolokiduri rrrr vibranti qarTulSi gadasmulia dddd-s wi-na poziciaSi _ bardrdrdrd-��*badrdrdrdr----, , , , rac ar Cans unikaluri movlena, Sdr. qarT. mkerdrdrdrd-i��*mkedrdrdrdr-i: zan. kidirdirdirdir-i. amdenad, qarT. bardbardbardbard-: zan. bobobobodordordordor- fuZeTa urTierTSedareba fuZeenuri mdgomareobisTvis *babababadardardardar- arqetipis rekonsruqcias uyers mxars.

s.-qarTv. *babababadardardardar- `barda~ qarT. gangangangan----i, gangangangan-ier-i, gangangangan-is-i (top. KazbegSi), zan. gongongongon-, megr.

gongongongon-io//gongongongon-ior-e `ganieri~, gongongongon-a (top. onSi), Sdr. gongongongon-io//gongongongon-ia (top. lazeTSi); qarTul gangangangan---- Zirs zanurSi kanonzomierad Seesa-


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tKviseba gongongongon- forma _ aaaa: : : : oooo, rasac mxars uyers qarTveluri toponi-mika. aqve Semodis svanuri lé-ggggðnnnn//lé-gengengengen//lé-gangangangan `ganieri~ derivate-bic, Sdr. qarT. gangangangan-: zan. gogogogo�*gongongongon- `zmnisw.~

s.-qarTv. *gangangangan- `gani, ganieri~ qarT. {GGGGarararar----i}, sitKvaSi GGGGarararar-taf-i `Gele~, zan.(laz.) GGGGooooJJJJ-i

èzo, mindori~, svan. GGGGarararar//GGGGðrrrr `veli, xeoba~; qarTul-svanur GGGGarararar- fuZis zusti struqturul-semantikuri SesatKvisi Cans lazuri GGGGooooJJJJ-i sitKva, Sdr. bgeraTSesatKvisoba aaaa: : : : oooo, , , , rrrr: : : : JJJJ. . . . semantikuri kore-lacia veli∼Gele∼mindori bunebrivad gvesaxeba.

s.-qarTv. *GGGGarararar---- `veli; Gele; mindori~ qarT. mamamamawonwonwonwon-i, zan. (megr.) marmarmarmarwvinwvinwvinwvin-i `mawoni~, svan. merwmerwmerwmerwæ `Kve-

li da kartofili erTad moxarSuli~; svanuris Cveneba, Ziris ga-xmovanebis TvalsazrisiT, emTxveva amosaval viTarebas. e.i. qarTulSi savaraudo Cans eeee→→→→a a a a gadabgereba. gasarkvevia, hqonda Tu ara saerToqar-Tvelur arqetips r r r r sonori, romelic zanur-svanurSi mkvidrada zis.

s.-qarTv. *memememe((((rrrr))))wwwwæ----enenenen- `mawoni; Kveli~ qarT. fosfosfosfosronronronron-ik-i `dedaT lxinT gamrige diaci~ (saba), `maspin-

Zeli~, svan. fusdfusdfusdfusd//fusnfusnfusnfusn//fusfusfusfusænnnn//fustfustfustfust `batoni, mflobeli, meufe~; svanuri alomorfebidan uZvelesi Cans balszemouri da laSxuri fusfusfusfusænnnn(�*fufufufusunsunsunsun) saxeoba, romelic qarTulisTvis amosavalSi *fofofofo----sonsonsonson-rik- arqeformis arsebobas gvavaraudebinebs. bunebrivad gveCvene-ba aq fiqsirebuli semantikuri opoziciac _ maspinZeli∼batoni. ase-ve qarTvelur ZirebTan aris uTuod dakavSirebuli hurituli muSmuSmuSmuS----nininini `dedofali~ sitKva.

s.-qarTv. *fofofofosonsonsonson- `batoni, ufali; maspinZeli~ qarT. gmurgmurgmurgmur-i `ƒelSuba~ (saba), zan.(megr.) gugugugumumumumurrrr-i `Subi, sao-

mari iaraGi~; megruli gugugugumurmurmurmur---- calsaxad miuTiTebs qarTulSi mo-mxdar fuZis reduqciaze istoriulad _ *gagagagamurmurmurmur-i→gmurgmurgmurgmur-i. gurul-Si dasturdeba gugugugumurmurmurmur-i `Subi~, rac zanur wKaros gulisxmobs. sa-KuradGebo leqsikur izoglosad gvesaxeba afxazur-abazuri a-ggggºérrrr→ //a----gurgurgurgur `nemsi~ forma.

s.-qarTv. *gagagagamurmurmurmur- `Subi, xelSubi~

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qarT. {bedbedbedbed-i} `cudi~, bedbedbedbed-iT-i `cudi, uvargisi~, zan. (laz.) badbadbadbad-i, badbadbadbad-ob-a//badbadbadbad-al-a `boroteba~; qarTuli bedbedbedbed- Ziridan -iT iT iT iT su-fiqsiT aris nawarmoebi bedbedbedbed-iT-i sitKva, rac ase damaxasiaTebelia rusTvelis enisTvis: bediTi bneda, sikvdili ra miJnuroba ggonia? vamsgavse mSvildi bediTi KmawvilTa monadireTa... qarTul bedbedbedbed- Zirs kanonzomieri SesatKvisi eZebneba lazurSi badbadbadbad- formis saxiT _ eeee: aaaa. . . . struqturul igiveobas mxars uyers sitKvaTa semantikuri mxarec: cudi∼boroti.

s.-qarTv. *bedbedbedbed- `cudi, avi, boroti~ qarT. malmalmalmal----a `didi Zeli, romelzedac saxlis koyebs awKoben~,

xevs. malmalmalmal-a `wKvili Joxi, romlebsac Taflis gamowurvisas iKeneben~, zan.(megr.) mulmulmulmul-a àlvis xe~, laz. mumumumulalalala `Tela~; adre qarTluri di-aleqtisTvis damaxasiaTebeli malmalmalmal-a fuZes savsebiT samarTlianad h. fenrixma megrulSi mumumumullll-a dendronimi Seufarda. saKuradGebo Cans TviT zanur dialeqtebs Soris fiqsirebuli semantikuri mimar-Teba _ megr. alvis xe ∼ laz. Tela.

s.-qarTv. *malmalmalmal-a àlvis xe~ qarT. mesx mesx mesx mesx-i, mesx mesx mesx mesx-eT-i, zan. (laz.) muSqmuSqmuSqmuSq-i `mesxi~, svan. laSxlaSxlaSxlaSx//

llllêSxSxSxSx, mé-llllêSxSxSxSx//mé-laSxlaSxlaSxlaSx `laSxeli, laSxi~; qarTvelur formaTa Seda-rebiTi analizi arkvevs, rom saerToqarTveluri fuZe-enisTvis sava-raudoa *masxmasxmasxmasx- prototipi. berZnuli ΄Μοσψοι lazuri muSq-is adap-tirebuli varianti Cans. lazurSi SSSS-s modmevnod xxxx-s qqqq-Si gadasvla Cveulebrivi movlenaa, Sdr. qarT. ssssxxxxva: megr. SSSSxxxxva, laz. mSqSqSqSqva//mCqCqCqCqva... svanurSi TavCenili anlauturi llll sonori mmmm-s bgerinacvalia _ mmmm→llll [ix. Cuxua 2000-2003:19].

s.-qarTv. *masxmasxmasxmasx- `mesxi, laSxi~ qarT. svrsvrsvrsvr-e, svrsvrsvrsvr-el-i, zan. (megr.) svarsvarsvarsvar-u-a `mwKobrad siaruli,

rigze dawKoba~, laz. o-svarsvarsvarsvar-u `rigze dawKoba~, do-f-svarsvarsvarsvar-i `dava-wKve~, svan. ssssæerererer `rigi, wKoba~; samecniero literaturaSi adreve iKo miTiTeba megrul-lazur-qarTul izoglosebze [ix. Ciqobava 1938: 311; fenrixi, sarJvelaZe 2000: 402]. Cveni dakvirvebiT, qar-Tul-zanur alomorfebs ukavSrideba svanuri s s s sæer er er er fuZe, romelic gamoirCeva fuZis gaxmovanebis arqaulobiT. svanurSi warmodgenili viTareba emTxveva saerToqarTveluri prototipis Cvenebas.

s.-qarTv.*ssssæerererer---- `rigi, wKoba~; mwKobrSi dalageba, dawKoba~


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qarT. (mox., TuS.) taftaftaftaf-i `CaGrmavebuli adgili~, `taftaftaftaf-ob-i~, Gar-taftaftaftaf-i, zan. (megr.) toftoftoftof-i `vake, Cavardnili adgili~, svan. ttttðffff// taftaftaftaf `damreci, vake~, taftaftaftaf//ttttðffff Sukæ `vake, damreci gza~; qarTul-sva-nur taftaftaftaf- Zirs kanonzomierad SeesatKviseba zanurSi fiqsirebuli toftoftoftof- alomorfi _ aaaa: oooo.... imavdroulad qarTuli enis imerul dia-leqtSi damowmebuli toftoftoftof-i `vake, Cavardnili da Savmiwiani adgili~ zanizmi Cans.

s.-qarTv. *taftaftaftaf- `vake, CaGrmavebuli, damreci adgili~ qarT. GGGGerZerZerZerZ-i `sabrunavT gasaKari~ (saba), qv. imer. GGGGerZerZerZerZ-a

`lilvi~, qarTl. GGGGerZerZerZerZ-kala, zan. (laz.) GGGGananananJJJJ-i `barZaKi, wvivi~; qar-Tvelur enaTa istoriul-SedarebiTi fonetikis Cvenebis mixedviT opozicia qarT. GGGGerZerZerZerZ-: zan. GGGGananananJJJJ- kanonzomieri Cans _ eeee: aaaa, ZZZZ: JJJJ.... aseve bunebrivia rrrrС : nnnnС mimaTebac, Sdr. qarT. grZrZrZrZel-i: laz. gunnnn----ZZZZe//ginnnnZZZZe... garkveul sirTules qmnis semantikuri korelacia GerZi ∼ barZaKi. vfiqrobT, am situaciaSi amosavalia lazuri sema, anu mniS-vnelobis gadaweva qarTulSi momxdara. e.i. Tavdapirvelad GerZi udrida barZaKiviT gaKrils, Sdr. sabas ganmarteba. gamosaricxia is Tvalsazrisi, romlis mixedviTac lazur GGGGananananJJJJ---- fuZes qarTulSi GGGGeeee----rorororo SeesatKviseba [klimovi 1998: 223]. qarTuli GGGGerererer-is zanuri Sesa-tKvisi ix. momdevno magaliTSi.

s.-qarTv. *GGGGerZerZerZerZ- `barZaKi, wvivi~ qarT. GGGGerererer-o, GGGGerererer-i, zan. {GGGGaaaaJJJJ----}, a-GGGGaaaaJJJJ-a�*o-GGGGaaaaJJJJ-a `saxlis Tavxe~

svan. GGGGërrrr//GGGGerererer `Gero, Geri~; megrulSi asimilaciuri oooo→→→→aaaa substi-tucia sxva SemTxvevaSic dasturdeba, Sdr. oooogafa→aaaagafa `saxvneli, guTani~... cxadia, saerToqarTveluri GGGGerererer-i zanurSi GGGGaaaaJJJJ-is mogvcem-da, es ukanaskneli a-GGGGaaaaJJJJ-a(�o-GGGGaaaaJJJJ-a) derivatSia mxolod Semonaxuli. qarTul-svanur fuZeTa urTierTmimarTebisaTvis aseve ix. klimovi 1998: 223.

s.-qarTv. *GGGGerererer- `Geri, Gero~ qarT. {ƒƒƒƒalalalal-i}, zan. (laz.) xolxolxolxol-i `mxari, sigrZis erTeuli~,

svan. ƒƒƒƒðllll//ƒƒƒƒalalalal `mxari, sigrZis sazomi erTeuli _ gaSlili ori mklavis sigrZe~; aqamde specialur literaturaSi gaziarebuli iKo prof. g. klimovis Tavlsazrisi, romlis mixedviTac svanuri ƒƒƒƒðllll TiTqos qarTul ƒƒƒƒelelelel- `xeli~ fuZes ukavSirdeba [ix. klimovi 1964: 264; fenrixi, sarJvelaZe 2000: 712-713]. lazurSi xolxolxolxol-i fuZis pov-

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niereba gamoricxavs amgvar SesaZleblobas. es zanur-svanuri izog-losa qarTulisTvis ƒƒƒƒalialialiali→//xalxalxalxal----i alomorfebs gvavaraudebinebs.

s.-qarTv. *ƒƒƒƒalalalal- `mxari, sigrZis erTeuli~ qarT. qarTqarTqarTqarT-, qarTqarTqarTqarT-l-i, qarTqarTqarTqarT-v-el-i, qarTqarTqarTqarT-ul-i, sa-qarTqarTqarTqarT-v-el-o,

zan. (megr.) qorTqorTqorTqorT-u àGmosavleT qarTveli~, qorTqorTqorTqorT-ul-i `qarTuli~, laz. qorTqorTqorTqorT-ul-i `qarTuli (qliavis JiSi)~, qorTqorTqorTqorT-o `qarTveli~, qorTqorTqorTqorT-o-l-on-a `saqarTvelo~, svan. qarqarqarqarTTTT-//qqqqðrTrTrTrT-, mé-qarTqarTqarTqarT// mé- qqqqðrTrTrTrT àGmos. saqarT. mcxovr. qarTveli~, lé-qarTqarTqarTqarT-u `qarTuli~; aq Camo-Tvlil fuZeTa erTianoba kargad aris cnobili [ix. klimovi 1964: 196; fenrixi, sarJvelaZe 2000: 486-487; Cuxua 2000-2003: 249-250]. masalobrivad siaxles warmoadgens lazuri monacemebi: qorTqorTqorTqorT-o `qar-Tveli~, qorTqorTqorTqorT-o-l-on-a `saqarTvelo~. lazurSi megruli uuuu----s wil oooo xmovnis gamoCena ar aris unikaluri, Sdr. megr. yén-u u u u ∼ laz. yin-oooo `wneli~. saKuradGebo Cans saqarTvelos aGmniSvneli lazuri sitKvis agebuleba, es ukanaskneli -onononon----aaaa sufiqsiT aris nawarmoebi, iseve, ro-gorc laz-i _ laz-onononon----aaaa `lazeTi~. oGond intervokalur (o- -o) po-ziciaSi CarTuli Cans xmovangamKari llll, rac lazurisTvis Cveuleb-rivi movlenaa, Sdr.: laz. didi _ mr. didi-llll-efe, peJi _ mr. peJi-llll-efe `sqeli~, kai _ mr. kai-llll-efe `kargi~... [kartozia 2005: 88-89].

s.-qarTv. *qarTqarTqarTqarT- `qarTveli, qarTuli, saqarTvelo~ qarT. Tr Tr Tr Tr-ia `mGrGneli cxoveli ciKvisebrTa oJaxidan~, TrTrTrTr-isa

`Tevzi~, Sahmai (saba), gur., z. ayar. èrTgvari Tevzi Savi zGvisa; Sa-maia~, zan. (laz.) TirTirTirTir-ina→//TiTiTiTi-ina èrTgvari wvrili Tevzi Savi zGvisa~, megr. TirTirTirTir-ina èrTgvari patara Citi~; qarTuli enis ime-rul da gurul dialeqtebSi damowmebuli TirTirTirTir-ina `TriTina; ciKvi~ zanur wKaros varaudobs.

s.-qarTv. *TirTirTirTir- `Tria, iriTina; Savi zGvis wvrili Tevzi (Samaia)~ qarT. tabltabltabltabl----, , , , tabltabltabltabl-a `ficris sufra feâedi~ (saba), zan.

(laz.) tetetetefurfurfurfur-i `magida~; qarTuli aaaa-s SesatKvisad TavCenili lazu-ri e e e e xmovani istoriulad o o o o-sgan momdinareobs. oooo→eeee gadabgereba damaxasiaTebeli fonetikuri procesi Cans megrul-lazurisTvis: Goooor-i _ GeeeeJ-i �*GooooJ-i, ooooc-i _ eeeeC-i�*ooooC-i, ZaaaarGv-i _ JeeeerGv-i �*JoooorGv-i, Jaaaayv-i_ Zeeeewkv-i �*Jooooykv-i... e. i. teeeefur-i�*toooobur-i.

lazuri tetetetefurfurfurfur---- fuZe nasesxobis saxiT dasturdeba ukve Zvel somxurSi, Sdr. somx. tefur→//Tefur `xis langari; поднос~. qarTve-lur tabltabltabltabl-/tetetetefurfurfurfur- formebs genetikurad saerTo warmomavlobis pa-


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raleli taftaftaftafriririri `skamis saxeoba~ fuZis saxiT huritul enaSi eZebne-ba, rac metad mniSvnelovania saerTokavkasiuri kulturis istoriis TvalsazrisiTac.

s.-qarTv. *tatatatabalbalbalbal---- `tabla, magida~~~~ qarT. (mesx.) toptoptoptop-, toptoptoptop-v-a//toptoptoptop-a-oba `qviriTis Kra~, zan.

(megr.) toftoftoftof-, toftoftoftof-u-a `qviriTis Kra~; prof. g. klimovi megrul toftoftoftof- Zirs SeusatKvisebs qarTuli enis dasavlur dialeqtebSi pov-nier toftoftoftof- identuri gaxmovanebis Zirs, rac ar asaxavs istoriul realobas, vinaidan qarTuli toftoftoftof- zanizmia. xolo qarTuli pppp:::: zanu-ri f f f f bgeraTaSesatKvisoba mxolod saerTo warmomavlobis ZirebSi dasturdeba _ Sdr.: qarT. tlapppp-i: zan.(laz.) toloffff-i `talaxi~; qarT. zepppp-v-a: zan. (megr.) jiffff-u-a ìd...~

s.-qarTv. *toptoptoptop- `qviriTis Kra~ qarT. KKKKvavvavvavvav-, KKKKvavvavvavvav----i, KKKKvavvavvavvav-i-frCxila, yil-KKKKvavvavvavvav----i, zan. (laz.) KKKKurururur-,

KKKKurururur----i→//KKKKuuuu-i `Korani~; Zveli qarTulidan dGemde kargad cnobili KKKKæavavavav---- Ziri zanurSi KKKKurururur- variants SeisatKvisebs. Sepirispireba efuZneba bgeraTaSesatKvisobaTa Semdeg Cvenebebs. _ qarT. æa: zan. uuuu (cæar-i: CuuuunJ-i→//cuuuunJ-i...); qarT. æ: zan. rrrr (xevvvv-a: xarrrr-u-a/o-xarrrr-u, mSevvvv-a: mSqorrrr-in-i... [ix. Cuxua 2005; 107-110], Sdr. KKKKæavavavav-/KKKKurururur-. kanon-zomier da regularul bgeriT mimarTebebs mxars umagrebs bunebrivi semantikuri korelacia Kvavi ∼ Korani.

s.-qarTv. *KKKKæavavavav---- `Kvavi/Korani~ qarT. yyyyotototot-, yyyyotototot-i, yyyyotototot-ica gaagonebs missa âmaTa kacTa, frin-

veli (saba), zan. (megr.) yyyykutkutkutkut-, kompozitSi yyyykutkutkutkut-Kvar-ia//yyyykutkutkutkut-kvar-ia `mTis yilKvavi~; Zveli qarTuli yyyyotototot-i sitKvis kanonzomieri za-nuri SesatKvisi Semonaxulia rTuli Sedgenilobis megrul leqsema-Si yyyykutkutkutkut-Kvar-ia, rac udris yyyyotototot-Kvav-a-s, Sdr. bgeraTSesatKvisoba qarT. yyyy:::: zan. yyyykkkk, qarT. oooo: : : : zan. . . . uuuu....

s.-qarTv. *yyyyotototot- `yoti~ qarT. SilSilSilSil-, SilSilSilSil-o gog-ia//SvilSvilSvilSvil-o gog-ia `molaGuri~, zan.

SqirSqirSqirSqir-, laz. m-SqirSqirSqirSqir-i `niskartTeTri, nacrisferi Citis saxeoba~, megr. SqirSqirSqirSqir-u `ruxi, nacrisferi~; qarTulSi damowmebuli Svilo go-gia SesitKveba xalxuri etimologiis (Silo-s gadaazrianebis) utKu-ar nimuSs warmoadgens. amas zanuri dialeqtebis monacemebi gvidas-tureben, sadac nacrisferi/ruxi sema SqirSqirSqirSqir- (Sdr. qarT. SilSilSilSil-o) Zi-

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risTvis dGemde ZiriTadia. e. i. SiSiSiSilo goglo goglo goglo gog-ia udris nacrisfer/rux guguls, Sdr. svan. gegegegegogogogo//ggggðggggæ�*ggggæegegegeg `guguli~.

s.-qarTv. *SilSilSilSil-o `nacrisferi, ruxi~ qarT. goggoggoggog----, S(v)il-o goggoggoggog-ia `molaGuri~, svan. gegegegegogogogo////////geggeggeggegæ////////ggggðggggæ

`guguli~; aq dasaxelbul svanur formaTa Sedareba qarTul gugugugugulgulgulgul- fuZesTan [klimovi 1998: 34] mTlad naTeli ar aris, razec adreve miuTiTebdnen [fenrixi, sarJvelaZe 1990:88], amitomac, vfiqrobT, up-riani Cans qarT. goggoggoggog- (S(v)ilo goggoggoggog-ia) da svanur geggeggeggegæ�****ggggæeg eg eg eg ZirTa saerToqarTvelur warmomavlobaze saubari (ix. wina statia).

s.-qarTv. *goggoggoggog---- `guguli~ qarT. mumumumuƒƒƒƒllll-, mumumumuƒƒƒƒllll-i→//muxlmuxlmuxlmuxl-i, zan. (laz.) nunununuxuxuxuxu `tori~; Zveli

qarTuli teqtsebidan kargad cnobil mumumumuƒƒƒƒllll---- fuZes akavSireben za-nur mumumumuxurxurxurxur---- `mxare~ saxelTan [klimovi 1964:138]. amgvari kvalifika-cia qarTveluri fuZeebisa umarTebulo Cans, vinaidan zan. mumumumuxurxurxurxur-i (→ gur. muxur-o) Zv. qarT. mmmmƒƒƒƒarararar-i/e formis zusti struqturul-se-mantikuri SesatKvisia. amavdroulad Zv. qarTuli mumumumuƒƒƒƒllll----s kanonzomi-erad miemarTeba lazuri nunununuxuxuxuxu�*mumumumuxoxoxoxo `tori~ rogorc mniSvnelo-biT, ise agebulebiTac; auslautur poziciaSi qarT. llll:::: zan.(laz.) oooo sxvaganac daCndeba: qertllll-i/qartoooo...

s.-qarTv. *mumumumuƒƒƒƒllll- `muxli; tori~ qarT. (gur.) kafkafkafkaf----, kafkafkafkaf-e `guguli~, svan. KKKKifififif-, KKKKifififif-u `guguli~;

am qarTul-svanur izoglosaSi unda iKos SemorCenili gugulis aG-mniSvneli araonomatopoeturi warmomavlobis saerToqarTveluri *KKKKafafafaf- Ziri. xmovnuri mimarTeba aaaa: : : : iiii sxva SepirispirebebSic iCens Tavs: Zaaaal-i `simi~/Jiiiil, Kaaaam- `SimSili~/Kiiiim-a `xrCoba~, Zaaaaml-i `virTag-va~/Jiiiinir `ciKvi~... amitomac problemuri ver iqneba.

s.-qarTv. *KKKKafafafaf- `guguli~ qarT. svavsvavsvavsvav-i, susususuavavavav-i, svan. SSSSæanananan `gedi~; Zvel qarTul ZeglebSi

adreve damowmebuli svavsvavsvavsvav---- Ziris zusti fonetikuri SesatKvisi unda Candes svanur SSSSæan an an an formaSi, Sdr. qarT. sæ: svan. SSSSæ. rac Seexeba auslautur bgeriT mimarTebas qarT. vvvv: : : : svan. nnnn, , , , igi araerT saerTo-qarTveluri warmomavlobis ZirSia TavCenili, Sdr.: qarT. vvvvake: svan. nnnnak; qarT. vvvvidr-i: svan. nnnnðdr-a `Tivis bululi, Calis kona~...

saKuradGebo Cans semantikuri korelacia svavi ∼ gedi. s.-qarTv. *sæaæ- `svavi/gedi~


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qarT. qasqasqasqas----, qasqasqasqas-ur-i `maquri, sasrevi, salesi qva~ (Cubin.), qarTl., xevs., mox., mT., qsn. xeob. `salesavi qva; celis salesi~, qasqasqasqas-un-i `xexva, lesva~, svan. qirSqirSqirSqirS----, li-qirSqirSqirSqirS-e `lesva~, la-qirqirqirqirSSSS `salesi qva~; qarTuli qasqasqasqas- Ziris kanonzomieri SesatKvisi SeiZleba Candes svanur qirSqirSqirSqirS- formaSi (ssss::::SSSS). _ aaaa::::i i i i xmovnuri mimarTebisTvis ix. aqve, qarT. kaaaaf-e: svan. Kiiiif-u.

qarTvelur ZirTa fonetikur erTianobas mxars uyers ganxi-lul leqsemaTa semantikuri identuroba.

s.-qarTv. *qasqasqasqas---- `lesva; salesi~ qarT. wiwiwiwiwilwilwilwil-, wiwiwiwiwilwilwilwil----a/i, svan. yyyyiiiiyyyyuuuu `wiwila~; fuZis auslaut-

Si fiqsirebuli opozicia qarT. ilililil: svan. u u u u uCveulod gveCveneba. msgavsi mimarTeba qarTul-zanur formebSi ufro aris mosalodneli, Sdr. qarT. sxæilililil-: zan. Sxuuuu `msxvili~; qarT. CCæilililil-: zan. CiCquuuu `bavSvi~... Tumca ar aris gamoricxuli am SemTxvevaSi gansxvavebul afiqsur (funqciur) daboloebasTan gvqondes Sexeba. maSin Zirad wiwwiwwiwwiw-/yyyyiiiiyyyy- gamoiKofoda da maT gverdSi `patara~-s aGmniSvneli me-grul-lazuri yyyyiiiiyyyy---- (yyyyiiiiyyyy-e, yyyyiiiiyyyy-a) forma amoudgeboda. Cven ufro am mosazrebas vemxrobiT.

s.-qarTv. *wiwwiwwiwwiw- `wiwila; patara~ qarT. mamamamaKKKK----, leCx. mamamamaKKKK-ier-i `msuKe, noKieri~, svan. mmmmKKKK-�*mamamamaKKKK-, li-

mmmmKKKK-e `msuKed qmna~, a-mmmmKKKK-e `saymels aKiryebs, msuKeda qmnis~; qarTul-Si gvaklia pirieli formebi. cxadia, leCxumur variantSi -ier ier ier ier su-fiqsad gamoiKofa, xolo mamamamaKKKK- _ Zirad. svanurSi saxeze gvaqvs fuZi-seuli a a a a xmovnis reduqcia, rac msgavs poziciebSi Cveulebrivi mo-vlenaa. zanuri ekvivalenti ver gamovlinda.

s.-qarTv. *mamamamaKKKK- `msuKed Kofna; noKiereba~ qarT. bbbbjjjjiriririr-i ùgulo fetvi da misTanani~ (saba), qiz. `mSieri,

ugulo fetvo~, svan. bbbbjjjjGGGGiriririr-, b b b bjjjjGGGGiriririr-al// b b b bjjjjGGGGilililil-ar ùnaKofo mCute TavTavebi~; svanurSi mxolod pluralia tantum-is formebia povnieri, xo-lo qarTuli enis dialeqtebisTvis niSandoblivia bbbbjjjjiriririr- Ziris bger-weriTi bbbbjjjjitititit- (r/t) saxeobac. bgeraTSesatKvisoba jjjj::::jjjjGGGG aqac gamoCnda (amis Sesaxeb ix. meore statia aqve _ qarT. jjjjvap-/svan. jjjjGGGGæap).

s.-qarTv. *bbbbjjjjiriririr- ùnaKofo, ugulo (fetvi, TavTavi...)~ qarT. (xevs.) fSefSefSefSe `mdinaris toti~, zan. (megr.) fsqafsqafsqafsqa-, fsqafsqafsqafsqa-ia

`Gele, nakaduli; araerTi hidronimi samegreloSi~; qarTulSi adri-danve, imTaviTve unda KofiliKo erTmaneTisagan garCeuli fSafSafSafSa

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`gamonajoni wKaro, wKali~ da fSefSefSefSe `mdinaris toti~. swored am uka-nasknelis zust fonetikur-semantikur SesatKviss warmoadgens zanu-ri (megruli) fsqafsqafsqafsqa---- fuZe, romelic unda Candes sufsufsufsufsasasasa-Sic, e.i. su-fsa�*su-fsqa `su Gele~, Sdr. susususu-xCexCexCexCe/aaaa `su TeTsu TeTsu TeTsu TeTriririri~...

s.-qarTv. *fSfSfSfS((((æ))))eeee- `Gele, nakaduli~ qarT. burkburkburkburk((((llll))))-, mox. burkburkburkburk-i `kopi, simsivne~, mT. burklburklburklburkl-i `co-

mis koSti~, salit. a-burklburklburklburkl-eb-a, a-burklburklburklburkl-ul-i, zan. (megr.) bur bur bur bur----kulkulkulkul-i `burkli~, e-burburburburkulkulkulkul-af-a àburkleba~, e-burburburburkolkolkolkol-er-i àbur-kluli~; burburburburkolkolkolkol----////////burburburburkul kul kul kul ((((uuuu////oooo) ) ) ) substitucia megrulSi imaze miu-TiTebs, rom qarTul SesatKvisSi reducirebulia istoriuli a a a a xmo-vani _ burklburklburklburkl-�*burburburburkalkalkalkal----....

s.-qarTv. *burkburkburkburk-al- `kopi, burkli; aburkleba~ qarT. gar gar gar gar----////grgrgrgr-, {mo-}na-gargargargar-i `Svilebi, STamomavloba~, na-grgrgrgr----am-i,

zan. (megr.) gorgorgorgor-, no-gorgorgorgor----i `modgma; STamomavloba~; qarTul na-gargargargar---- saxels kanonzomierad SeesatKviseba zanuri no-gorgorgorgor---- fuZe _ a:o. ar gamoiricxeba gargargargar----////gorgorgorgor---- formaTa etimologiuri kavSiri svanur ggggérrrr---- (li-(n)grgrgrgr-e) `kvercxis dadeba~, ggggérrrr----i/ggggérrrr----e `kvercxi~...) ZirTan, Sdr. qarT. ma-grgrgrgr-ob-al-i (saba).

s.-qarTv. *gargargargar- `STamomavlobis Kola/gaCena~ qarT. adadadadgilgilgilgil-, adadadadgilgilgilgil-i, adadadadgilgilgilgil-mamul-i, ad ad ad adgilgilgilgil-is deda, zan.

(megr.) ododododgagagaga////////orororordgadgadgadga `bavSvis CasaKenebeli adgili~; qarTuli adadadadgilgilgilgil- fuZis kanonzomieri zanuri SesatKvisi Semonaxuli Cans dGeisaTvis periferiul leqsikaSi. cxadia, auslauturi qarT.- ilililil: zan. aaaa imeo-rebs cnobil frcx-ilililil-/burcx-aaaa `frCxili~ mimarTebas da ucilob-lad migviTiTebs saerToqarTvelurSi *adadadadgelgelgelgel- arqetipis arseboba-ze; e.i. qarT. adadadadgilgilgilgil- �*adadadadgelgelgelgel-, xolo zan. ododododgagagaga�*ododododgalgalgalgal----....

s.-qarTv. *adadadadgelgelgelgel- àdgili~ qarT. arararar-, arararar-a ùarK. sitKva (ho, ki, diax-is antonimi)~, arararar

ùarK. nawilaki; TavsarTi~, zan. (megr.) orororor----,,,, orororor----e `xarebisadmi gasa-Cerebeli SeZaxili (xì `ho~ formis sapirispiro)~; Zveli qarTuli-danve farTo gamoKenebis arararar- Zirs zanurSi unda SeesatKvisebodes _ orororor- alomorfi, romelic mxolod da mxolod specifikuri mimarTvis formaSi Cans SemorCenili. gasarkvevia arararar-////orororor- ZirTa mimarTeba sva-nur erererer////////erererer----eeee `rom~ kavSirTan.

s.-qarTv. *arararar-(a) ùarK. sitKva, nawilaki; TavsarTi~


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qarT. werwwerwwerwwerw----, , , , werwwerwwerwwerw----et-i `tanad wvrili~ (saba), werwwerwwerwwerw-et-a, tan----werwwerwwerwwerw-et-a, zan. (megr.) warwwarwwarwwarw----, , , , warwwarwwarwwarw----i `wnexi (mawvrilebeli)~, warwwarwwarwwarw----u-a taniSi `tanis dawvrileba, tanwerwetad gaxdoma~, warwwarwwarwwarw-il-i `da-wvrilebuli~; qarTulSi gamonawevrebuli werwwerwwerwwerw- Ziris zust Sesa-tKviss vxedavT zanur warwwarwwarwwarw- �*yyyyararararyyyy---- formaSi. materialur erTiano-bas zurgs umagrebs semantikuri igiveobac.

s.-qarTv. *werwwerwwerwwerw- `wvrili, dawvrileba (tanis)~ qarT. bbbbyyyyæ----, , , , bbbbyyyyob-a�*bbbbyyyyvvvv-eb-a, sa-bbbbyyyyo�*sa-bbbbyyyyvvvv-e, xevs. byebyebyebye

�*bbbby…ey…ey…ey…e `mociquli, macne~, zan.(megr.) papapapayyyykkkkæ-, papapapayyyykvkvkvkv-al-i `CifCifiT Tqma~; zanuri paykæ- zmnuri Ziri kargad aCvenebs saerToqarTveluri arqetipis gaxmovanebas. fuZe-enisTvis, rasakvirvelia, rekonstruir-deba eeee xmovniani prototipi, Sdr. s.-qarTv. *eeee→ zan. . . . aaaa....

s.-qarTv. *beyæ---- `byoba, laparaki~ qarT. (ayar.) tatatatabanbanbanban-i `saZirkveli (binis)~, zan. (megr.) tutututuberberberber-i

`bolqvi, Ziri mcenarisa~; kanonzomieri Cans tatatatabanbanbanban----////tutututuberberberber---- qarTve-lur fuZeTa urTierTmiamrTeba rogorc semantikuri, ise struqtu-ruli TvalsazrisiT. cxadia, zanuri tutututuberberberber---- momdinareobs ****totototoborborborbor---- arqauli saxeobis fuZisagan oooo→u u u u (bgerismierebTan) da oooo→eeee gada-bgerebiT. axsnas iTxovs auslauturi qarT. nnnn: : : : zan. rrrr opozicia sono-rebSi, rasac eparaleleba qarT. svannnn-i: zan. Surrrr-o `moyrili xis da-sacurebeli adgili/Txrili~.

s.-qarTv. *tabtabtabtab-an- `saZirkevli; Ziri~ qarT. qiZqiZqiZqiZlarlarlarlar-, qinqinqinqinZmarZmarZmarZmar----a/i, qinqinqinqinZlarZlarZlarZlar----a `mcenarea~, Sdr. qinqinqinqinZmarZmarZmarZmar-

a-ul-i, zan. (megr.) qiqiqiqiJJJJiiiilolololoJJJJ-, qiqiqiqiJJJJiiiillllooooJJJJ-e//qiqiqiqiJJJJiiiilolololoJJJJ-a//qinqinqinqinJJJJiiiilolololoJJJJ-a `fe-riscvala, mcenaris saxeoba~, Sdr. imer. (�megr.) qinqinqinqinZiZiZiZilolololoJJJJ----a ìd~; qarTulsa da zanurSi fuZis amosavali saxeobebi SerKvnilia qinZqinZqinZqinZ---- mcenaresTan kontaminaciis gamo. qarTvelur monacemTa urTierTSeJe-rebiT SesaZlebeli Cans fuZeenuri *qiqiqiqiZiZiZiZilarlarlarlar---- mcenareuli Ziris re-konstruqcia, romlis kanonzomieri gagrZeleba Cans megruli qiqiqiqiJJJJiiii----lolololoJJJJ- alomorfi, Sdr. bgeraTSesatKvisobebi ZZZZ : JJJJ, aaaa : oooo, rrrr : JJJJ.

s.-qarTv. *qiqiqiqiZiZiZiZillllaaaarrrr- `feriscvala (mcenare)~ qarT. sudsudsudsud-, leCx. sudsudsudsud-e `Cirgvi~, zan. (megr.) SordSordSordSord-, SordSordSordSord----i

`xis, umTavresad Txmelis, axladmoyrili toti; foTlebiani tKe; buCqnari~; mniSvnelobis TvalsazrisiT, qarTveluri formebi garkve-ul erTgvarovnebas amjGavneben. erTgvari Seusabamoba gvaqvs xmovneb-

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Si _ qarT. uuuu: zan. oooo,,,, Tumca araerTi sxva magaliTi igive viTarebas gamoaCens, Sdr. qarT. uuuuwK-i-s: zan. oooowK-e-n, uuuupe: oooompa, buuuun-i: boooon-i (ix. aqve) da sxv.

SordSordSordSord-fuZeSi rrrr sakuTriv megruli danarTi Cans. s.-qarTv. *sudsudsudsud- `Cirgvi; foTliani tKe; buCqnari~ qarT. winwinwinwinkekekeke èSmaki, yinka~, zan. (laz.) yyyyininininkakakaka `tKis kaci, qaJi~,

megr. yyyyininininkakakaka////////yyyyiriririrkakakaka `cxenis ufali; eSmaki~, oyyyyinkinkinkink-eS-i `sayinkeTi~; sa-kuTriv qarTuli ekvivalenti (winwinwinwinkekekeke) SemorCenilia samurzaKanos me-tKvelebaSi. formaluri TvalsazrisiT qarT. winwinwinwinkekekeke:::: zan: yyyyininininka ka ka ka Sesa-tKvisoba unakloa _ wwww: : : : yyyy, , , , eeee: : : : aaaa. . . . igive viTareba gvaqvs semantikaSic. gamosavlenia svanuri ekvivalenti.

s.-qarTv. *winkwinkwinkwink-e èSmaki, yinka~ qarT. kvekvekvekverancxrancxrancxrancx-, imer. kvekvekvekverancxrancxrancxrancx----i sitKvaSi xel-ma-kvekvekvekverancxrancxrancxrancx-i

`qurdi~, zan. kvarCxkvarCxkvarCxkvarCx----, , , , kvarCxkvarCxkvarCxkvarCx-an-i `marcxena~, kvarCxkvarCxkvarCxkvarCx-i ùkuGmarTi~, xe-kvarCxkvarCxkvarCxkvarCx-i `xelmrudi~; SesaZlebelia, am imerul kompozitSi iKos Semonaxuli zanuri kvarCxkvarCxkvarCxkvarCx----is SesatKvisi qarTuli fuZe. amgvarad fiqrs gansakuTrebiT aZlierebs rTuli Sedgenilobis sitKvaTa er-Tgvarovneba, Sdr. qarT. xel-ma-kvekvekvekverarararancxncxncxncx----i: zan. xe-kvarCxkvarCxkvarCxkvarCx-i.

s.-qarTv. *kkkkæercxercxercxercx----enenenen- `marcxena; ukuGma~ qarT. xanxanxanxanyyyyelelelel----, xanxanxanxanyyyyelelelel-i `naxevrad mwife~, zan. (megr.) xonxonxonxonyyyykakakaka

`naxevrad mwife~, a-xonxonxonxonyyyykorkorkorkor----af-a `simwifeSi Sesvla~; megruli xonxonxonxonyyyykakakaka saxelis qarTuli SesatKvisi lazurma dialeqtma Semogvinaxa. qarT. xanxanxanxanyyyyelelelel-: zan. xonxonxonxonyyyykakakaka zustad iseTsave mimarTebas aCvenebs, rogorc saKovelTaod cnobili qarT. wiwiwiwiTelTelTelTel-: zan. yyyyiiiiTaTaTaTa. . . .

s.-qarTv. *xanxanxanxanyyyy----elelelel---- `naxevrad mwife~, *xanxanxanxanyyyy---- `simwifeSi Se-svla~

qarT. kekekeketetetete---- `patara~, imer. kekekeketetetete-tila `baGlinJo~, zan. (megr.)

kakakakatatatata////////karkarkarkartatatata `patara, uJiSo~; qarTulisTvis gamonawevrebuli kekekeketetetete segmentis ZiriTadi mniSvneloba patara unda KofiliKo, rasac ka-nonzomierad SeesatKviseba megruli kakakakatatatata////////karkarkarkarta ta ta ta rogorc struqtu-ruli, ise fonetikuri TvalsazrisiT.

sxva qarTvelur dialeqtebSi Sesabamisi Zirebi ver gamovlinda. s.-qarTv. *ketketketket----eeee `patara; uJiSo~


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qarT. kveskveskveskves-, Zv. qarT. mo----kukukukueseseses-v-a-� `moyedva~, mo-kukukukueseseses-il-i `mo-yedili~, Sdr. kvekvekvekvessssel-i-Ze, kvekvekvekvessss----el-a-va (anTrop.), zan. (megr.) kvaSkvaSkvaSkvaS----, , , , kvaSkvaSkvaSkvaS-ua `gayedva~, kvaSkvaSkvaSkvaS-il-i `gayedili~, kvaSkvaSkvaSkvaS-il-a-va (anTrop.); aq warmodenili qarTveluri Zirebi kanonzomier struqturul-foneti-kur da semantikur mimarTebebs aCveneben, Sdr. bgeraTSesatKvisoba eeee: : : : aaaa, , , , ssss: : : : SSSS. . . .

svanuri ekvivalenti ver gamovavlineT. s.-qarTv. *kkkkæeseseses- `ga-/mo-yedva~ qarT. kveTkveTkveTkveT----,,,, kveTkveTkveTkveT-i `dvrita~, imer., gur. kveTkveTkveTkveT-i `rZis Sesade-

debeli siTxe~, zan. (laz.) kaTkaTkaTkaT----, ma-kaTkaTkaTkaT-i `mawvnis deda~; lazuri kaTkaTkaTkaT- , cxadia, istoriuli kvaTkvaTkvaTkvaT---- labilizebuli arqeformisagan mo-mdinareobs. kvkvkvkv kompleqsis delabializacia am SemTxvevaSi disimila-ciuri Cans, winamavali mmmm (ma-) bilabialis zegavlena, Sdr. sxvagan qarT. wæim-a: laz. myim-a�*my…ima.

qarTul-lazuri kveTkveTkveTkveT----////kaTkaTkaTkaT---- unda ganvacalkaveT sxva omonimuri kveTkveTkveTkveT----////kvaTkvaTkvaTkvaT---- `yra, kveTa~ Zirisagan.

s.-qarTv. *kkkkæeTeTeTeT- `dvrita; mawvnis deda~ qarT. CenCenCenCenCoCoCoCo `marcvlis bude, kani; wvniani xilis kani~, zan.

(megr.) cqvecqvcqvecqvcqvecqvcqvecqv----iiii//cqecqecqecqecqvcqvcqvcqv-i `CenCo~; oooo daboloeba CenC-oooo formaSi ise-Tive warmomavlobis Cans rogorc Zv. qarTuli eCuauauaua----�//eCueueueue-�//eCoooo-� si-tKvaSi. e.i. amosavalSi gvqonda CenCæ-, romelmac zanurSi T. gamKre-liZis kanoniT (æ-s asimilaciuri zegavlena) mogvca gasisinebuli kompleqsebi _ qarT. CenCCCCæ----: zan. *Ca(n)CCCCqvqvqvqv-→*CqaCqvCqvCqvCqv----→cqecqvcqvcqvcqv-.

s.-qarTv. *CeCeCeCe((((nnnn))))CCCCæ- `CenCo~ qarT. navnavnavnav----, navnavnavnav-i `sawnaxeli; mTliani xis mogrZo yuryeli, wKa-

rosTan dadgmuli~, qsnis xeob. navnavnavnav----i `mTis daqanebaze xevsaviT ga-yrili Gari, romelzedac xeebs acureben~, mT. navnavnavnav----i `wisqvilSi xis Gari, romliTac xorbali xvimiradan iKreba~, zan. (megr.) loblobloblob-, loblobloblob-i `nawili, romelzec ideba wisqvilis qvemoTa qva~; qarTul navnavnavnav---- fuZes kanonzomierad SeesatKviseba zanuri (resp. megruli) loblobloblob- saxeoba. anlautSi TavCenili llll megrulSi meoreul viTarebas asa-xavs, aq nnnn iseve gadavida llll-Si rogorc sxva SemTxvevebSi, Sdr. qarT. nnnnems-i: zan. llllifS-i, nnnnedl-i: lllladir-i... nnnnamus-i → llllamos-i.

megrulisTvis savaraudo nobnobnobnob----i safexuri nasesxobis saxiT rea-lurad dasturdeba leCxumur dialeqtSi, Sdr. leCx. nobnobnobnob-i `piru-

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tKvisaTvis dasalevi kodi wKaroze~. leCxumuris semantikac salite-raturo qarTulTan ufro axlos dgas.

qarTveluri navnavnavnav----////nobnobnobnob----////////loblobloblob- SesatKvisebi fuZeenuri warmomav-lobisa Cans, amitomac gadaxedvas moiTxovs qarTuli navnavnavnav---- leqsemis laTinuridan momdinareobis Tvalsazrisi.

s.-qarTv. *nanananaæ---- `xis mogrZo yuryeli; navi~ qarT. bunbunbunbun----, bunbunbunbun-eb-a, bunbunbunbun-iob-a àrs, ra dGe da Game gasworde-

ba martsa da sekdembersa Sina~ (saba), `xolo miqcevasa dGisasa da moklebasa ivnisis TTvesa da dekembersa moklebasa Gamisasa nabubububunnnnio-ba ewodebis~ (saba), zan. (megr.) bonbonbonbon----, bonbonbonbon----i `swori~, bonbonbonbon-as `pirda-pir, sworad~, o----bonbonbonbon-aS-e `pirdapiri~; aq gaanalizebuli fuZeenuri warmomavlobis qarTveluri Zirebi (bunbunbunbun----////bonbonbonbon----) sworis etimonur Si-naarss gulisxmoben. maTi osurisagan momdinareobis mtkiceba mokle-bulia Kovelgvar safuZvelsa da argumentacias (andronikaSvili).

s.-qarTv. *bunbunbunbun- `swori; gasworeba~ qarT. {kvedkvedkvedkved-}, zan. (laz.) kvadkvadkvadkvad----////////kvandkvandkvandkvand---- `Txovna, ndoma~,

o-kvakvakvakva((((nnnn))))dddd-in-u, a-kvandkvandkvandkvand-u `mounda~, a-kvandkvandkvandkvand----u-doren ùTxovia~, ma-kvandkvandkvandkvand-e `maTxovari~, svan. kkkkæedededed- `ndoma~, li-kkkkæedededed `survili, ndoma~, i-kkkkædddd-un-e//.i-kkkkæedededed-n-e (lent.) ìndomebs, isurvebs~, me-kkkkæ(eeee))))dddd-e `mndomi, msurveli~; es dakavSireba ganekuTvneba lazur-svanur izog-losTa im Jgufs, romelic raodenobrivi simciriT gamoirCeva.

lazur-svanur fuZeebs aerTianebs rogorc formaluri, ise Si-naarsobrivi erTgvarovneba.

s.-qarTv. *kkkkæedededed- `Txovna, ndoma, survili~ qarT. brabrabrabrangngngng----, , , , brangbrangbrangbrang----v-a ùazrod daTroba~, ga-brangbrangbrangbrang-ul-i ùaz-

rod mTvrali~, Sdr. megr.(�qarT.) go-brangbrangbrangbrang-u-a ìd~, zan. (megr.) rongrongrongrong-, rongrongrongrong----i `Taflisgan damzadebuli sasmeli; Tafluyi~; qarTu-li brangbrangbrangbrang---- fuZis gamartivebuli saxeoba SeiZleba davinaxoT bangbangbangbang----i `gamabruebuli, Zilis momgvreli wamali~ sitKvaSic.

ra Tqma unda, brangbrangbrangbrang- fuZe zanurSi Tavdapirvelad brongbrongbrongbrong---- ka-nonzomier SesatKviss mogvcemda, romlis anlautic mogvianebiT brbrbrbr kompleqsis SeuTavseblobis gamo gamartivda _ brbrbrbrong-i→rrrrong-i; ana-logiuri viTarebisTvis Sdr. qarT. brbrbrbreg-i: zan. (megr.) rrrrag-a `beqi~. konsonanti+sonoti tipis Tanxmovnuri Jgufebis gamartivebis meqa-nizmze dawvrilebiT sxva dros gveqneba saubari.

s.-qarTv. *brangbrangbrangbrang- `TafluyiT Troba; Taflis sasmeli~


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qarT. KKKKverbverbverbverb----, , , , KKKKuuuuerberberberb-i//KKKKuuuuYYYYrbrbrbrb-i//KKKKverbverbverbverb-i `mrgvali puri~ (saba Д), zan. (megr.) èvavavavarabrabrabrab-//kvakvakvakvarabrabrabrab-, èvavavavarabrabrabrab-ia//kvakvakvakvarabrabrabrab-ia `kveris saxeoba, mzaddeboda wminda puris fqvilisagan. acxobdnen futkris saloca-visaTvis~; megrul alomorfebSi SeniSnuli è//kkkk substitucia amosa-val fonemad è faringals varaudobs. igulisxmeba saerToqarTvelu-ri KKKK-s Jer è-Si da Semdegom kkkk-Si gadasvla. analogiuri viTareba gvaqvs araerT zanur sitKvaformaSi: èebur-i//kkkkebur-i _ qarT. KKKKverb-i; èvar-ia//kkkkvar-ia//KKKKvar-ia _ qarT. KKKKvav-i...

zanurisTvis maxasiaTebeli ormarcvlovneba qarTulisTvisac dasaSvebi Cans _ *Kverebebebeb-i→Kverbbbb-i.

s.-qarTv. *KKKKæerebereberebereb- `mrgvali, ritualuri puri~ qarT. xirxxirxxirxxirx-, ayar. xirxxirxxirxxirx-al-i `xerxemali~, zan. (laz.) xirxxirxxirxxirx-inJ-i

`xerxemali~, megr. xirxxirxxirxxirx-iSé dudi `xerxemlis Tavi~; qarTvelur ena-kiloebSi Zirad xirxxirxxirxxirx---- gamoiKofa. lazuri da ayaruli formebi er-Tgvarovani gaformebiT gamoirCevian. saerToqarTveluri prototipi xirxxirxxirxxirx----arararar aradisimilirebuli saxeobisa unda KofiliKo, amas uyers mxars lazuri ekvivalenti (xirxinnnnJJJJ----i), Sdr. s.-qarTv. *dinyarararar- → zan. (laz.) di(n)yiiiiJJJJ-i, qarT. Jinyarararar-i `yinyari~.

s.-qarTv. *xirxxirxxirxxirx----arararar- `xerxemali~ qarT. xoxoxoxo----mamamama `xom~, zan. (megr.) xoxoxoxo----lolololo `xom~; qarTuli kavSiri

xoxoxoxo----mamamama, , , , rogorc etKoba, rTuli Sedgenilobisaa, mas kanonzomierad SeesatKviseba megruli xoxoxoxo----lolololo: : : : sqani moinale xoxoxoxololololo vavoreq `Seni moJamagire xom xom xom xom ara var?~

s.-qarTv. *xoxoxoxo----mamamama `xom kavSiri~ qarT. xraSxraSxraSxraS- `xramuni~, xraSxraSxraSxraS-un-i, xraSxraSxraSxraS----un-a, xrxrxrxraSaSaSaS----un-eb-s, zan.

(megr.) xuSq xuSq xuSq xuSq---- `xraSuni~, xuSqxuSqxuSqxuSq-or-i `xramuni~, i-xuSqxuSqxuSqxuSq-or-u(n) `xraSu-nebs~; qarTul xraSxraSxraSxraS- Zirs kanonzomierad SeesatKviseba megruli xuSqxuSqxuSqxuSq----, saxezea struqturul-semantikuri identuroba. gvaqvs sxvao-bac, kerZod, amosavali rrrr vibranti xxxx-s modmevno poziciaSi dakargu-li Cans. mizezi rrrr----s gauCinarebisa fonotaqtikuria, daikarga, vinai-dan konsonanti+sonori Tanxmovnuri Jgufebi zanurSi akrZalul sintagmatur Tanmimdevrobebs ganekuTvneba.

s.-qarTv. *xraSxraSxraSxraS- `xraSuni, xramuni~

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qarT. nonononoKKKKoooo `kalapotSi Camdgari lorwovani wKali~, zan. (megr.) nananana‡‡‡‡uuuu `mdinaris toti, kalapoti~; qarTvelur nonononoKKKKoooo////nanananaèu u u u Se-fardebisas moulodnelia qarT. oooo:::: zan. aaaa xmovnuri mimarTeba. vfiq-robT, am SemTxvevaSi cvaleba qarTulSi ganxorcielda, aq modmevno o o o o xmovanma asimilaciiT srulad daimsgavsa winamavali istoriuli eeee vokali, e.i. nooooKo � *neeeeKo. amgvari daSvebis marTebulobas zanuri SesatKvisi amtkicebs, sadac saerToqarTveluri e e e e (*neneneneKo) xmovnis ka-nonzomieri da regularuli aaaa refleqsi gamoCndeba _ naaaa‡u.

s.-qarTv. *neneneneKKKK----oooo `kalapoti, mdinaris toti~ qarT. nergnergnergnerg---- `nergi~, nergnergnergnerg-av-s, nergnergnergnerg-i, sa-nergnergnergnerg-e, nergnergnergnerg-il-i,

axal-nergnergnergnerg-i, m-nergnergnergnerg-av-i, zan. (megr.) narnarnarnargggg- `nergi~, nargnargnargnarg-i, o-nargnargnargnarg-e (=sa-nergnergnergnerg-e) `mikrotop. sofel anakliaSi~; qarTuli nergnergnergnerg-: zan nargnargnargnarg- Sefardeba kanonzomier mimarTebas aCvenebs, mis safuZvelze advilad aGdgeba saerToqarTveluri *nergnergnergnerg---- arqetipi. gasarkvevia aseve fuZee-nur *rgrgrgrg- zmnur ZirTan mimarTebis sakiTxi.

s.-qarTv. *nergnergnergnerg- `nergi~ qarT. xirxxirxxirxxirx---- `qvian-qviSiani adgili~, xirxxirxxirxxirx-at-i, mox., qarTl.

xxxxiiiirxrxrxrx-ot-i `qvanarevi miwa; mwiri miwa~, Sdr. xevs. xirxxirxxirxxirx-al-i `mwirmi-wiani Kana~, zan. (megr.) xirxxirxxirxxirx----, xirxxirxxirxxirx-u `qvian-kldovani adgili~, Sdr. xirxirxirxirxuxuxuxu `mikrotop. sofel abasTumanSi~ (zugdidi); aq moxmobili qarTveluri masalis SepirispirebiTi analiziT Zirad xirxxirxxirxxirx- gamoiKo-fa, romelic -at, -ot, -al, -u sufiqsebiT aris garTulebuli. su-fiqsur nawilSi xevsuruli -alalalal da zanuri -uuuu cnobil kanonzomiere-bas eqvemdebareba, Sdr. wKalalalal- : wKuuuu `wKaro, wKali~, âmaaaallll- : xamuuuu `da-na~... ase rom, fuZeqarTulisaTvis garkveuli albaTobiT rekonstru-irdeba *xirxxirxxirxxirx-al- arqetipi, swored am alomorfis SesatKviss iZleva CvenTvis saintereso megruli saxeoba.

s.-qarTv. *xirxxirxxirxxirx----alalalal- `qviani adgili~ qarT. bbbbGGGGavavavav----, bbbbGGGGavavavav-il-i, bbbbGGGGavavavav-i-s, zan. (laz.) bbbbGGGGorororor-in-i `bGavi-

li~, bbbbGGGGorororor-in-am-s `bGavis~, svan. bbbbGGGGuuuu- � *bbbbGGGGaaaaæ- `bGavili~, ƒðn bbbbGGGGî `xari bGavis~, li-bbbbGGGGî-l-i `bGavili~; aqamde cnobil da samecniero literaturaSi gaziarebul qarTul-svanur monacemebs unda daema-tos zanuri (resp. lazuri) bbbbGGGGorororor---- ekvivalentic, misi megruli saxeo-ba gamartivebuli GGGGorororor- formiT dasturdeba senakur kilokavSi, xo-lo zugdidur-samurzaKanoulSi gveqneba GGGGvarvarvarvar----, Sdr.: GGGGvarvarvarvar----af-i// GGGGorororor-af-i � *bbbbGGGGorororor-af-i `bGavili~. qarTul-svanuri vvvv////æ bilabialis


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sapirispirod zanurSi TavCenili r r r r vibranti regularul-kanonzomi-eri alofonia [ix. Cuxua 2005: 107-110].

imerul-ayaruli bbbbGGGGoooorinrinrinrin-i `bGavili, Kvirili~ Zvel zanur na-sesxobas warmoadgens.

s.-qarTv. *bbbbGGGGaaaaæ---- `bGavili, Kvirili~ qarT. dodododokankankankan----, dodododokankankankan-i `msxvili boZi, xis saxlis iatakisa da

kedlebis saKrdeni~, zan. (megr.) dodododokonkonkonkon-i `xis didi mori, romelsac eKdnoba saxli, saxlis saxuravi~, svan. dikdikdikdikæenenenen `kunZi, Jirki~; Cvenebu-rebis qarTulSi SemorCenili saerToqarTveluri warmomavlobis dodododokankankankan---- fuZe SesatKvisebs gamoaCens sxva qarTvelur dialeqtebSic. fuZis gaxmovanebis TavlsazrisiT, garkveul sxvaobas vafiqsirebT svanur erTeulSi, rac naumlautari æ segmentis metaTezisiT aris ganpirobebuli, e.i. amosavalSi gvqonda *dòken→ *dæiken→ dikæen.

s.-qarTv. *dokdokdokdok----anananan---- `msxvili, saKrdeni boZi xis nagebobaSi~ qarT. GGGGarararardadadada `xrami~, zan. (laz.) GGGGrurururudodododo, , , , megr. GGGGururururdodododo `movar-

dnili wKlisgan amoTxrili ormo~; qarTuli GGGGarararardadadada, romelic Cvene-burebis qarTul metKvelebas Semounaxavs mxolod, zanurSi kanonzo-mier SesatKvisebs hpovebs. am qarTvelur fuZeTa struqturul-seman-tikuri erTianoba advili dasanaxia. pirvel marcvalSi qarTuli aaaa xmovnis wil uuuu daCndeba zanurSi, romlis amosaval wKaros o o o o warmo-adgens. amdenad savaraudoa oooo→uuuu fonetikuri procesi, rac disimi-laciuri Cans, e. i. amosavalma oooo-oooo Tanmimdevrobam mogvca uuuu----oooo: *Goooordoooo→Guuuurdoooo. . . .

s.-qarTv. *GGGGardardardard-a `xrami, ormo~ qarT. babababagargargargar----,,,, ray. babababagargargargar-i `qerqi pureulis namcxvarisa~, zan.

(megr.) bubububuqurqurqurqur-i `wablis nayuyi (bususebiani)~; rayuli babababagargargargar- fuZis kanonzomieri SesatKvisi gamoCndeba megrul bubububuqurqurqurqur---- saxelSi. aaaa----s Se-satKvisi oooo zanurSi bagismierebTan uuuu-Si gadadis [gudava; 1960, XXV, 1]. cxadia, leCxumuri bubububuqurqurqurqur----i i i i zanur wKaros gulisxmobs.

s.-qarTv. *babababagargargargar---- `qerqi, nayuyi~ qarT. faxfaxfaxfax----,,,, mTiul., gudamaKr. da-faxfaxfaxfax----eb-a `dawKnareba~, da-faxfaxfaxfax-

d-i `dawKnardi~, zan. (laz.) foxfoxfoxfox----,,,, o-foxfoxfoxfox-u `daZineba~, di-foxfoxfoxfox-u `da-iZina~; saKuradGebo semantikuri korelacia gamoCndeba qarTvelur dialeqtebSi_dawKnareba ∼ daZineba, rac sematikuri evoluciis ka-

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nonzomierebebs bunebrivad eqvemdebareba. semantikur igiveobas mxars umagrebs am fuZeTa materialuri erTianobac.

s.-qarTv. *faxfaxfaxfax---- `dawKnareba; daZineba~ qarT. kurkurkurkur----, , , , ing. kur kur kur kur----ia `kvici, taiyi~, zan. (megr.) kukukuku----kurkurkurkur-,

kukukuku----kurkurkurkur-ia `cxenis saxeli~; ingilouri kurkurkurkur----ia da megruli kukukuku----kurkurkurkur-ia erTgvarovani sufiqsacviiT xasiaTdebian. Cveni TvalsazrisiT, zanur-Si momxdara fuZis reduplikacia _ *kur-kur→ku-kur-, rasac Tan axlavs rrrr sonoris dakargva.

sxva qarTvelur enobriv qvesistemebSi kurkurkurkur---- fuZis SesatKvisebi ver gamovavlineT.

s.-qarTv. *kurkurkurkur---- `kvici, taiyi~ qarT. labzlabzlabzlabz----, okrib. labzlabzlabzlabz-i `lafSi~, zan. (megr.) loblobloblobjjjj----, , , ,

loblobloblobjjjj----o `didlafSiani~; qarTuli labzlabzlabzlabz-is SesatKvisi megruli loblobloblobjjjj- Ziri SeiZleba aseve amovicnoT samurzaKanoSi gavrcelebul gvarSi loblobloblobjjjj-an-ia, romlis safuZvels albaT metsaxeli loblobloblobjjjj-an-a `didlafSa~ Tu warmoadgenda, Sdr. ray. lobj-an-iZe.

sakiTxi ismis qarTuli lafSlafSlafSlafS-is warmomavlobis Sesaxeb. s.-qarTv. *labzlabzlabzlabz---- `lafSi~ qarT. loslosloslos----, , , , leCx. loslosloslos-i `zanti; mSiSara~, zan. (megr.) luSluSluSluS----,

luSluSluSluS-i `Cumi~, Sdr. o-luSluSluSluS----e `gadasasvleli adgili samegrelos mTebSi~; fonetikur-struqturulad am ZirTa erTianobas winaaGmde-goba ar axlavs. mniSvnelobis ganviTarebis TvalsazrisiTac erTgva-rovneba SeiZleba davinaxoT zanti ∼ Cumi korelaciis dros.

s.-qarTv. *loslosloslos---- `Cumi, wKnari; zanti~ qarT. qlenZqlenZqlenZqlenZ----, , , , fS. qlenZqlenZqlenZqlenZ-i `gaiZvera, eSmaki~, zan. qaqaqaqaJJJJ----, , , , qaqaqaqaJJJJ----i

èSmaki~, o-qaqaqaqaJJJJ----e (top.), qaqaqaqaJJJJ-aia (anTrop.); am fuZeTa Sespirispirebi-Ti analizisas advilad aixsneba llll----s gauCinareba zanurSi, sadac ak-rZalulia konsonanti+sonori aGmavali Giaobis Tanmimdevrobebi. ase rom, qlqlqlql→qqqq kompleqsis gamartiveba superaciis erT-erT gamovli-nebad gvesaxeba, Sdr. qarT. slslslslok-in-/slslslsluk-un-: zan. SSSSikin-i, blblblbloK-in-/blblblbluK-un-: zan. buè-in...

saKuradGebod gveCveneba fSauri qlenZqlenZqlenZqlenZ----is Zv. qarTul grZgrZgrZgrZ-n-eul- (èSmakis moqmedi~ saba) fuZesTan mimarTebis problema.

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qarT. ciblciblciblcibl----,,,, qarTl. ciblciblciblcibl-i `xis mogrZo taSti~, zan. (laz.) CiCiCiCibobobobo `marcvlis Sesanaxi KuTi~; erTi SexedviT, moulodneli Cans am qarTvelur fuZeTa auslauturi mimarTeba qarT. llll : laz. oooo, rac ver iqneba unikaluri. igive, llll////oooo opozicia vlindeba saKovelTaod gaziarebul qarTul-lazur wKvilSi _ qertllll-i: qartoooo `qertli~ [ix. quTelia: 1989, 23; fenrixi, sarJvelaZe: 2000, 488-489].

lazur wKaros gulisxmobs gurul dialeqtSi fiqsirebuli CiCiCiCibobobobo `didi KuTi, romelSic marcvals Krian wisqvilSi~.

s.-qarTv. *ciblciblciblcibl---- `xis yuryeli, KuTi~ qarT. bobobobotottottottot-, imerx. bobobobotottottottot-i `maxra, matli~, zan. (megr.) bubububu----

tuttuttuttut----; bubububututtuttuttut-i `qinqla, mumli~. aqve SeiZleboda Semogvetana me-gruli bubububututtuttuttut-ia `yianyvela, patara~, magram igi sxva SesatKviss va-raudobs qarTulSi, Sdr. imer. papapapatatatatatatatata `patara; namceca~.

sxva qarTvelur dialeqtebSi Sesabamisi fuZe ver gamovlinda. s.-qarTv. *bobobobotottottottot---- `maxra; qinqla~ qarT. gencgencgencgenc-/gincgincgincginc-, Zv. qarT. gincgincgincginc-i ìmedi~, gincgincgincginc-ob-a-Î ìmedi~,

gencgencgencgenc-i ìmedi Tu nugeSinis-cema~ (saba), u-gencgencgencgenc-o (saba), sa----gencgencgencgenc-ob-el-i (saba), zan. (megr.) ganCganCganCganC-i `gadakruli miniSneba, niSani~, `qarag-muli niSniT daimedeba~, ganCganCganCganC-i qimeCu àniSna~, ganCganCganCganC-i qìgélaaSqu `saidumlod aniSna, agrZnobina~; Zvel qarTulSi gencgencgencgenc----////gincgincgincginc---- alo-morfTa urTierTobebis rkvevisas gadamwKveti mniSvneloba eniyeba me-grulis Cvenebas, sadac Zireul xmovnad aaaa gamoCndeba, anu qarTulis-Tvis uZvelesia eeee gaxmovanebis fuZe, Sdr. qarT. eeee : zan. a a a a (geeeenc-/gaaaanC-).

s.-qarTv. *gencgencgencgenc- ìmedi; saidumlo niSani, qaragma~ qarT. fafafafaKKKKvvvv----,,,, imer. fafafafaKKKKvvvv-e `didi tansacmeli~, zan. (megr.) fufufufuè----, , , ,

fufufufuè----eeee `zomaze didi tansacmeli~, svan. fafafafaKKKKæ `qudi~; aqamde svanuri faKæ fuZe ganmartoebiT idga. dasaSvebad migvaCnia misi genetikuri erTianoba qarTul fafafafaKKKKvvvv-e da zanur fufufufuè-e�*fofofofoKKKKvvvv-e alomorfebTan. amgvar varauds mxars uyers rogorc semantikuri, ise fonetikur-struqturuli igiveoba.

s.-qarTv. *fafafafaKKKKæ- `tansacmlis saxeoba; qudi~ qarT. kankankankan----, , , , u-kankankankan, u-kankankankan-is `bolos~, u-kankankankan-a-sknel-i, zan. (megr.)

konkonkonkon----,,,, e-konkonkonkon-ia ùkanaskneli, bolo~; qarTvelur ena-kiloTa TavsarTe-bi u u u u da e e e e warmoSobiT nomina lokis niSnebi Cans, dGes ufunqcio.

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amosavali mniSvneloba (etimoni) bolosi unda KofiliKo. aGsaniSna-via, rom megruli eeee----konkonkonkon----iaiaiaia amjamad mxolod mKar SesitKvebebSi, Ziri-Tadad, wKevlis formulebSi SemorCa.

s.-qarTv. *kankankankan---- `bolo, ukanaskneli~ qarT. wwwwæedededed----////wwwwædddd----, , , , wvdwvdwvdwvd----en-a, amo-wvdwvdwvdwvd----en-il-i, zan. (megr.)

nnnnyyyyvalvalvalval----, , , , nnnnyyyyvalvalvalval----u-a àmowvdena, SiSvleba~, geSì-nnnnyyyyvalvalvalval-u ìSiSvla (xma-li)~; garkveul winaaGmdegobas qmnis auslauturi Sefardeba qarT. d d d d : : : : zan. l l l l, rasac megruli fonetikis CvenebiT advilad avxsniT. mxedvelobaSia araanlauturi dddd→l l l l lateralizaciis sporaduli procesi zanuri enis megrul dialeqtSi, Sdr.: qarT. qeddddan-i: megr. qillllor-i `xoxobi~, Se-xvedddd-r-a: Se-xvallll-am-a...

s.-qarTv. *wæed- `wvdena, amowvdena; SiSvleba~ qarT. vavavava----,,,, vavavava----Î////////vavavava----iiii, va va va va----iiii----me, vavavava-eb-a, vavavava-eb-s, zan. (laz.) vovovovo----

`vaa~, vovovovo----iiii `vai~, megr. vovovovo---- `vaa~, vovovovo----iiii `vai~, svan. æ��-�� `vaa~; zanur-svanurSi vvvvoooo-////vavavava- nawilaki ZiriTadad mimarTvis formebSi Cans Semo-rCenili, rac am enebSi wodebiTi brunvis funqciasac asrulebs (gan-sakuTrebiT sakuTar saxelebSi). lazurSi vovovovo----iiii dGesac aqtiurad gamoiKeneba, megrulSi misi arsebobis kvali sasimGero teqstebSi gamoCndeba: dida, vovovovo----iiii nana=deda, vavavava----i i i i deda.

s.-qarTv. *æaaaa- `mimarTvis forma~, *æaaaa-i `vai~ qarT. karkarkarkar-, Zv. qarT. da-i-karkarkarkar----v-a `damkvidrda, dasaxlda~, `wiaG

iordanisa, sadac daikarva, da dan, rad hmsxemob navTa Sina? asir daJda kidesa zGuaTasa da gamosavalTa misTa zeda daikarvos~ (msJ. 5.179), zan. (megr.) korkorkorkor----, korkorkorkor-u-a `saxloba, karvis dadgma~, o-korkorkorkor----an-s `saxlobs~; Tu qarTul karkarkarkar----av- sitKvaSi Zirad igive karkarkarkar---- gamoiKofa, rac karkarkarkar---- `kari~ saxelSi gvaqvs, maSin svanuri karkarkarkar----////krkrkrkr---- `gaGeba~ zmnac aqve Semovidoda.

s.-qarTv. *karkarkarkar---- `dasaxleba, karvis dadgma~


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lilililiteteteterarararatutututurararara gudava 1960 _ t. gudava, oooo-s uuuu-Si gadasvlis zogierTi Se-

mTxveva zanur (megrul-yanur) enaSi. _ smam, XXXV, 1, Tb., 1960 w. kartozia 2005 _ g. kartozia, lazuri ena da misi adgili

qarTvelur enaTa sistemaSi, Tb., 2005 w. klimovi 1964 _ Г. Климов, Этимологический словарь картвельских

языков, М., 1964 г. klimovi 1998 _ G. Klimov, Etymological Dictionary of the Kartvelian

Languages, Berlin - New York, 1998. rogava 1988 _ g. rogava, zog qarTvelur da indoevropul

fuZeTa urTierTobis sakiTxisaTvis, ike, XXVII, Tb., 1988 w. fenrixi, sarJvelaZe, 2000; h. fenrixi, z. sarJvelaZe, qarTve-

lur enaTa etimologiuri leqsikoni, Tb., 2000 w. quTelia 1989 _ n. quTelia, SrC da CSr struqturis konso-

nanturi Jgufebi yanurSi (lazurSi). _ ikew, XVI, Tb., 1989 w. Sengelia 2007 _ v. Sengelia, erTi qarTveluri fuZis etimo-

logiisaTvis. _ respublikuri dialeqtologiuri samecniero sesiis masalebi, Tb., 2007 w.

Ciqobava 1938 _ arn. Ciqobava, yanur-megrul-qarTuli Sedare-biTi leqsikoni, tfilisi, 1938 w.

Cuxua 2000-2003 _ m. Cuxua, qarTvelur ena-kiloTa Sedarebi-Ti leqsikoni, Tb., 2000-2003 w.w.

Cuxua 2005 _ m. Cuxua, ………… → rrrr erTgvarovani gardaqmnisaTvis qarTvelursa da saerTonaxurSi. _ kr. `qarTvelologiuri krebu-li~, Tb., 2005 w.

cxadaia 2003 _ p. cxadaia, v. JoJua, samurzaKanos geografiu-li saxelwodebani, Tb., 2003 w.

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Merab Chukhua

The Additional Materials for the Commonkartvelian Proto-language Lexical Fund

S u m m a r y

The given work aims to promote the etymological research-analysis in

order to highlight at most the commonkartvelian lexical fund. The recent period Kartvelology outstands by the appearance of the authors’ new names. From this perspective, the activities of Rezo Abashia and Medea Saghliani should be acclaimed undoubtedly.

The presence of Laz-Svanian izoglos seems notable in this article. Special significance bears to find out Georgian equivalents preserved in Laz, cp. Laz (←Georg.) xanyelxanyelxanyelxanyel----iiii : Zan. (Megr.) xonykaxonykaxonykaxonyka ,,entering in ripeness”, etc. Bringing in scientific circulation the lexical originality, characteristic to Georgian speech spread in Turkey, should be considered as well as an innovation. From this point of view Shushana Putkaradze’s experience is exemplary.

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paata cxadaiapaata cxadaiapaata cxadaiapaata cxadaia

afrikatizacia da dezafrikatizacia zanur enaSi (megruli toponimikuri masalis mixedviT)

1. af af af afririririkakakakatitititizazazazaciaciaciacia cnobilia, rom afrikatizacias ganicdis rogorc xSuli, ise

spiranti Tanxmovnebi. gansakuTrebiT gavrcelebulia spirantis ga-afrikatebis SemTxvevebi (JorbenaZe, 1998, gv. 478). isic garkveulia, rom qarTvelur enebSi afrikatizaciis ramdenime gza arsebobs: a. TanxmovanTa kombinaciuri SerwKma (xSuli + napralovani); b. nebismi-er xSul TanxmovanTan mezobloba; g. analogia; d. substitucia.

amaTgan megruli toponimia gamoavlens afrikatizaciis or gzas: xSulTan mezoblobasa da substitucias.

Tavdapirvelad ganxiluli iqneba ssss spirantis afrikatizaciis sakiTxi. afrikatizacias ganicdian rogorc winanunismieri, ise uka-nanunismieri spirantebi. Cvenc am TanmimdevrobiT ganvixilavT masa-las.

1.1. wiwiwiwinananananununununisnisnisnismimimimier spier spier spier spirantrantrantrantTa afTa afTa afTa afririririkakakakatitititizazazazaciaciaciacia. . . . igulisxmeba spi-rantis Canacvleba imave lokaluri rigis xSul-napralovani Tanxmov-niT. maSasadame, es monacvleoba warmoadgens fSvinvierTa urTier-TmimarTebas.

ssss �� c c c c s � c Cveulebrivia xSuli Tanxmovnebis, maT Soris sonorebis

(m, n, r, l) mezoblobaSi. amasTanave, s Tanxmovnis afrikatizacia xdeba spiranti Tanxmovnebis mezoblobis drosac, rac gamowveulia imiT, rom am SemTxvevaSic xdeba xSva, Tumca nawilobrivi. samecnie-ro literaturaSi sailustraciod asaxeleben toponimebs: mesx-eT-a � msx-eT-a� mcxeTa; sa-mesx-e � sa-msx-e � samcxe.

megrulSi "s � c Zalian xSiria x spirantis win" (lomTaZe, 1999, gv. 38), magram dasaxelebulia erTaderTi magaliTi: sxveni � cxveni. samegrelos toponimiaSi aGmoCnda am saxis afrikatizaciis ramdenime SemTxveva:

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a. ze ze ze zecxicxicxicxilolololonininini ewodeba urTis mTis ferdobebs sof. xamiskurSi (xobis r.). ferdobebze Cans zeTisxilis nargavebis naSTebi, rac Ta-visTavad migvaniSnebs, rom zezezezecxicxicxicxili li li li igivea, rac qarTuli zezezezeTisTisTisTisxixixixi----lililili. magram sayiroa gairkves, ra fonetikuri procesebi axlda qar-Tuli sitKvis megrulSi adaptacias?

upirveles Kovlisa, unda gamoiricxos kombinaciuri SerwKma Ts �c (dauSvebelia: zeTisxili � zeTsxili, e.i. naTesaobiTi brun-vis niSnis xmovniTi nawilis amovardna da TanxmovniTi nawilis da-rCena). rCeba erTaderTi gza: s spirantis afrikatizacia x Tanxmov-nis mezoblobaSi. am process win uZGoda haplologia. fonetikur movlenaTa Tanmimdevroba aseTia: zezezezeTisTisTisTisxixixixilililili � zeszeszeszesxixixixilililili (TiTiTiTi- kom-pleqsis amovardna) � zezezezecxicxicxicxilililili (afrikatizacia). toponimi zecxilo-ni warmoqmnilia mcenareTa krebiToba-simravlis aGmniSvneli ----onononon su-fiqsiT.

b. yyyyaaaamurmurmurmurcxucxucxucxulalalala////////yyyyaaaamurmurmurmurcxucxucxucxulolololonininini////////yyyyaaaamurmurmurmursxusxusxusxulolololonininini aris xevis saxe-li sagugunaos ubanSi (sof. Sua xorSi, senakis r-ni). informator-Ta ganmartebiT, "yamursxuli aris msxlis JiSi, mwifdeba agvistoSi, rbilia da TeTri, mrgvali, aromatuli". Sdr.: "yyyyaaaanunununuriririri msxlis Ji-Sia" (megr.-qarT. leqsikoni, t. III, 2002, gv. 458).

am SemTxvevaSic fonetikuri movlenebi mimdinareobda sazoga-do saxelis doneze: yyyyaaaanurnurnurnursxusxusxusxulililili � yyyyaaaamurmurmurmursxusxusxusxulililili (n _ m monacvleo-biT) � yyyyaaaamurmurmurmurcxucxucxucxulililili (s � c x spirantis win). am sawarmoebel fuZes darTvia ----onononon sufiqsi.

g. cnobilia, rom megrulSi ssss spirantis afrikatizacia xdeba rogorc wminda xSulebis, ise sonorebis (m, n, r, l) momdevno pozi-ciaSic. kolxuri enis fonotaqtikis Sesabamisad, qarTuli quslquslquslqusl-i megrulSi adaptirebul iqna rogorc qursqursqursqurs-i, saidanac sonoris me-zoblobaSi s spirantis afrikatizaciis Sedegad warmoiqmna qurc qurc qurc qurc-i varianti (es magaliTi samecniero literaturaSi cnobili faqtia). am fuZeTagan momdinareoben gvarebi qurqurqurqursuasuasuasua da qurqurqurqurcuacuacuacua. maTi warmo-qmnis gza ase gvesaxeba: qurqurqurqursua sua sua sua "dawixvla, daqusvla", gadataniTi mniSvneloba: "mamlaKinwoba, KoKloCinoba, udieroba". saTanado sasu-bieqto mimGeoba iqneboda *mmmm----qursqursqursqurs----uuuu ("damCagravi, KoKloCina, mamla-Kinwa") � qurqurqurqursusususu (metsaxeli da eponimi) � qurqurqurqursuasuasuasua////////qurqurqurqurcuacuacuacua (gvarsaxe-li). Sdr.: ykadua "yedva" � *m-ykadu "myedeli" � ykadu (profesiis aGmniSveli saxeli) � ykadu (metsaxeli da eponimi) � ykadua (gvar-saxeli); CuCuCuCuaaaalalalala "Senaxva, dacva" � *tKaS mCu "tKismcveli" � tKaCu da sxv.

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oficialuri monacemebiT, 1995 wels saqarTveloSi cxovrobda 144 suli qursua (ZiriTadad zugdidis r-nSi) da 64 suli qurcua (ZiriTadad guriaSi). garda amisa, samegreloSi qurcua qursua-s va-riantad iTvleba, rasac adasturebs toponimi lelelelequrqurqurqursuesuesuesue////////lelelelequrqurqurqur----cuecuecuecue (borcvi kadarGalsa da SqedGals Sua CxorowKus r-nis sof. leaxaleSi). am toponimis warmoqmnis gza aseTia: qarT. qusl-i � megr. qurs-i//qurc-i � qursua//qurcua "daqusvla" (nasaxelari zmna) � *mqursu//*mqurcu (sasubieqto mimGeoba) � qursu//qurcu (metsaxe-li da eponimi) � qursua//qurcua (gvarsaxeli) � leqursue//lequr-cue.

aqve unda aGiniSnos Semdegi: kolxur qurcqurcqurcqurc- fuZesTan unda iKos dakavSirebuli pirsaxeli qurqurqurqurcacacacanananana (damowmebulia "tbeTis sul-Ta matianeSi") da gvarsaxeli qurqurqurqurcacacacaZeZeZeZe (gavrcelebulia imereTSi).

d. qarTuli pirveladi sawKisi "sriali" megrulSi, rogorc mosalodneli iKo, adaptirebulia "rsirsirsirsiaaaalililili" formiT. magram megrul-Sive dasturdeba "rsirsirsirsioooolililili", romelic aseve qarTul "srial-" fuZes unda ukavSirdebodes, oGond fuZis SigniT a _ o monacvleobiT da mniSvnelovani semantikuri gadaweviT. rsirsirsirsioooolililili niSnavs: "bruali, Tav-bruxveva; triali". swored es rsioli metKvelebaSi gvxvdeba rcircircircioooo----lililili formiTac, rasac adasturebs hidronimi marmarmarmarsisisisioooolelelele////////marmarmarmarcicicicioooo----lelelele////////mimimimirsirsirsirsioooolelelele. esaa Gele, naxuris marJv. Senakadi, romelic amjamad arxiT uerTdeba texurs (sof. Zveli senaki, senakis r-ni). informa-tori ganmartavs: "Gele gars uvlis borcvs, utrialebs mas da ake-Tebs did mosabruns. amitom darqmevia." maSasadame, ZiriTadi formaa marsiole, saidanac s � c monacvleobiT warmoqmnila varianti marmarmarmar----cicicicioooolelelele.

e. qarTuli gvari ciskariZe megrulSi gadmosulia rogorc cisciscisciskakakakararararavavavava (ciskariZe _ 262 suli saqarTveloSi, ZiriTadad aya-rasa da qarTlSi; ciskarava _ 34 suli saqarTveloSi, ZiriTadad zugdidis r-nSi). s spirantis afrikatizaciis Sedegad migviGia cis-karavas araoficialuri (adgilobrivi) varianti ciccicciccickakakakarararara////////ciccicciccicqaqaqaqarararara.... zugdidis r-nis sof. didi neZis kaxaTSi ubans ewodeba sasasasaciccicciccickakakaka----rorororo////////ciccicciccickakakakaraSraSraSraS mumumumuxuxuxuxuriririri.

v. ssss spirantis cccc afrikatiT Canacvleba xdeba xmovanTa mezob-lobaSic. magram es aris ara afrikatizacia, aramed substitucia. klasikur magaliTad dasaxelebulia qarT. ankesi � megr. ankeci. sa-Tanado magaliTebi megrul toponimiaSi erTgvarad metia, vinem ssss-s gaafrikatebisa TanxmovanTan mezoblobaSi.

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adeadeadeadesasasasa vazis JiSia. misi KurZeni SeiZleba iKos Savi an TeTri, msxvili marcvliT. mTian samegreloSi, Cveulebriv, gavrcelebulia afrikatizebuli varianti adeadeadeadecacacaca. toponimiaSi dasturdeba orive forma. adeadeadeadesasasasa _ tKe martvilSi da ferdobi naxurcilavoSi (orive martvilis r-nSi) da sxv. adeadeadeadesosososonininini _ saxnavi TamakonSi (martvilis r-ni); ade ade ade adecocococonininini _ seri nafiCxovoSi (CxorowKus r-ni); adeadeadeadecocococonininini////////adeadeadeadesosososo----nininini _ saxnavi kircxSi (CxorowKus r-ni); oaoaoaoadedededecececece _ saxnavi Kulisku-ris marJv. mxares (sof. alertkari, zugdidis r-ni).

z. TxveTxveTxveTxvesisisisi aris gauvali ekalbardiani adgili, Tanac odnav ya-obiani (sitKva Jer araa dafiqsirebuli leqsikonebSi). sitKvis bo-loSi xmovanTa Soris s spiranti Secvala c afrikatma. toponimuri dadasturebani: TxveTxveTxveTxvesisisisi////////TxveTxveTxveTxveccccoooonananana _ tKe-yaobi ewerSi (taleris Temi, martvilis r-ni); TxveTxveTxveTxvesisisisi////////TxveTxveTxveTxvecicicici _ Jagnar-torfnari jinoTa-namiko-lavo meoris sazGvarze (martvilis r-ni).

T. sa sa sa sabebebebekikikiki "sabekni, satkepni" dakavSirebulia qarTul bek zmnur fuZesTan ("bebebebekakakaka _ cxenis mier fexis cema miwaze da miwis moTxra". ix.: abulaZe, 1973, gv. 30; Sdr.: "bebebebekakakaka _ bekna magrad dartKma". ix. sarJvelaZe, 2001, gv. 23). sasasasa- prefiqsiT warmoqmnili mimGeoba sabeki mxolod megrulSia cnobili da aGniSnavs adgils, sadac qar-wvimi-sas cxenebi wreSi dgebian SigniT Tavmiqceulni da gamodarebis mo-lodinSi frutuneben, miwas fexs urtKamen. saamisod moxerxebuli adgilia amorCeuli. es adgili KovelTvis datkepnilia (sitKva sabe-ki Jer kidev ar aris Sesuli leqsikonebSi). Tarzenis kalTaze, sof. qoKoSi (CxorowKus r-ni), davakebas ewodeba nanananasasasasabekbekbekbek////////nanananacacacacabekbekbekbek. aqac ssss � cccc monacvleoba xdeba xmovanTa garemocvaSi.

i. qarTul sursursursur---- (sur-o) fuZis kanonzomieri megruli Sesa-tKvisia susususuJJJJ----,,,, rac Semonaxulia toponim susususuJJJJoooonanananaSiSiSiSi (fenrixi, sarJve-laZe, 2000, gv. 408), magram, rogorc Cans, megruls imeruli dialeq-tidan SeuTvisebia susususurorororo fuZec susususururururu-s formiT, xolo Semdeg mo-mxdara afrikatizacia s � c: amas adastureben toponimebi: susususurorororonananana _ tKe, xevi sof. sagunavoSi (senakis r-ni); susususurorororonininini _ tKe sof. sefi-eTSi (senakis r.); suruoni, surna ( surona), suruamrobu, suruam-Japi da sxv., romlebic ZiriTadad aGmosavleT samegreloSi gvxvdeba. Sdr. igive fuZe zugdidur-samurzaKanuli Tqmis zonaSi: cucucucururururuamamamamJJJJaaaa "suroiani xe" _ mindori sof. xurCaSi (zugdidis r.), curcurcurcurnananana ( cu-ruona) _ Gele da xeoba sof. lexarCileSi; cucucucururururuamamamamGGGGalalalal////////cucucucururururuonononon----GGGGaaaallll _ tKe, xevi sof. samesxioSi; cucucucururururuoooonininini _ saZovari medanSi; curcurcurcur((((uuuu))))onionionioni _ tKe, ferdobi sof. lesaleSi (Kvela walenJixis r.). s s s s � cccc aqac cxadia, oGond es movlena teritoriuladaa SemosazGvruli.


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k. q. walenJixaSi goras ewodeba nanananasasasasabubububu////////nanananacacacacabubububu. pirveli vari-antis pirveladoba da, maSasadame, xmovnebs Soris s � c afrikatiza-ciis faqti ueyvo gaxdeba, Tu viciT, rom es gora saba kalandias na-saxlaria. s s s s _ _ _ _ cccc substituciis magaliTad gamodgeba wKaros saxeli xuxuxuxusensensensenwwwwKKKKuuuu//xuxuxuxucencencencenwwwwKKKKuuuu. substitucia momxdara anTroponimis doneze.

l. sof. z. xunwSi (martvilis r-ni) eJiSkarianesa da egaxokiZes Sua mdebare borcvs ewodeba asaasaasaasanonononouuuuriririri////////acaacaacaacanonononouuuuriririri. asaasaasaasanananana Zvel qar-TulSi gavrcelebuli pirovnuli saxelia. xolo amjamad imereTSi farTod gavrcelebuli gvari asaniZe, Jer kidev XVI s. damdegis is-toriul sabuTSia dafiqsirebuli. savaraudoa, rom zemoT dasaxele-buli paraleluri toponimebisaTvis amosavali iKos forma asaasaasaasanananana (asana-ur-i � asan-o-ur-i). maSasadame, acaacaacaacanonononouuuuriririri warmoqmnilia s � c afrikatizaciiT xmovnebs Soris.

warmovadgenT paralelur toponimebs, romlebSic Cans s _ c monacvleoba, magram imis gamo, rom JerJerobiT araa dadgenili Tav-dapirveli forma, Zneli gasarkvevia, saqme s � c afrikatizaciasTan gvaqvs Tu c � s dezafrikatizaciasTan: osinosinosinosindadadadalelelele////////ocinocinocinocindadadadalelelele////////owinowinowinowin----dadadadalelelele; ; ; ; sasasasalulululuriririri////////cacacacalulululuriririri, , , , cacacacananananafifififiToToToTonininini////////sasasasananananafifififiToToToTonininini (sanafiTa//canafi-Ta KurZnis JiSia), cocococososososoruaruaruarua////////cocococococococoruaruaruarua,,,, nanananaiiiisusususu////////nanananaiiiicucucucu, nanananasansansansandadadadarurururu////////nananana----cancancancandadadadarurururu, , , , nanananasasasasanunununu////////nanananacacacacanunununu, , , , nanananasasasasaxuxuxuxu////////nanananacacacacaxuxuxuxu,,,, lelelelesusususudededede////////lelelelecucucucudededede,,,, nanananaslaslaslasla----xuxuxuxu////////nacnacnacnac((((iiii))))lalalalaxuxuxuxu da sxv.

z z z z � ZZZZ.... a. qarTuli sitKva sasasasazzzzGGGGvavavavariririri megrulSi adaptirebulia ro-

gorc sasasasazzzzGGGGvavavavari da sari da sari da sari da sanznznznzGGGGvavavavariririri,,,, ise z � Z afrikatizaciis Sedegad warmoqmnili sasasasanZnZnZnZGGGGvarvarvarvar----iiii formiT ("megr.-qarT. leqsikonSi" dafiqsi-rebulia mxolod "sanzGvari"). toponimuri monacemebi aseTia: sof. sagviCioSi (z. yaladidis Temi, senakis r-ni) Geles ewodeba sasasasa----zzzzGGGGvarvarvarvarGGGGalalalal////////sasasasanZnZnZnZGGGGvarvarvarvarGGGGalalalal,,,, xolo sof. kokSi (zugdidis r-ni) enguris totis saxelia sasasasanZnZnZnZGGGGvarvarvarvarwwwwKKKKaaaariririri....

b. kur kur kur kurzuzuzuzu, , , , kurkurkurkurzuzuzuzulelelele megrulSi aGniSnavs mcire SemaGlebas mdinarispira vakeebze. es orografiuli nomeni, Cveulebriv, gamoiKe-neba msazGvrel didididixaxaxaxa-sTan erTad. didididixaxaxaxakurkurkurkurzuezuezuezue ewodeba borcvebs martvilis r-nis soflebSi _ lecicxvaieSi, sergieTSi, sakuTriv q. martvilSi da sxv. am borcvebis simaGle 10-15 metria, hgavs xelov-nurs, iseve rogorc dixaguZuba. sof. lebaCeSi abaSispira mcire borcvs ori saxeli aqvs: didididixaxaxaxakurkurkurkurZueZueZueZue////////didididixaxaxaxakurkurkurkurzuezuezuezue. ra Tqma unda, aqac z � Z.

1.2. ukaukaukaukanananananununununisnisnisnismimimimieeeeri spiri spiri spiri spiranranranrantetetetebis afbis afbis afbis afririririkakakakatitititizazazazaciaciaciacia (spirants Ca-enacvleba imave lokaluri rigis afrikati).

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S S S S � CCCC a. d d d dGGGGuuuuddddGGGGuuuuSiSiSiSi vazis JiSia (zogi kraxunasTan aigivebs). amosava-

li fuZea ddddGGGGuuuuddddGGGGuuuu (misi mniSvneloba JerJerobiT araa dadgenili. -SiSiSiSi sufiqsi ki xSiria vazis JiSebis saxelwodebebSi). variantebia: dGundGuSi (ix. "megr.-qarT. leqsikoni", t. I) da dGurdGuSi. ddddGGGGunununun----ddddGGGGuuuuSoSoSoSonananana adgilis saxelia ramdenime sofelSi (davakebaa sof. nakian-Si, morevi _ md. CxouSiaze sof. p. gurZemSi da sxv.); haplologire-buli forma ddddGGGGuuuuSoSoSoSonananana saxnavis saxelia sof. pirvel kiwiaSi (martvi-lis r-ni), xolo ddddGGGGuuuu((((rrrr))))CoCoCoConananana////////ddddGGGGuuuu((((rrrr))))SoSoSoSonananana ewodeba vake-saxnavs sof. axuTSi (CxorowKus r-ni). maSasadame: dGurdGuSona � dGurSona (haplologiiT) � dGurCona (S � C afrikatizaciiT).

b. msgavsi afrikatizacia gvxvdeba sxva SemTxvevaSic: CeCeCeCeSi Si Si Si "TeT-risi" vazis JiSia. im adgils, sadac CeSi uxvad xarobda, (sof. keTi-lari, abaSis r-ni) ewodeba CeCeCeCeSoSoSoSonananana////////CeCeCeCeCoCoCoConananana. amis garda, CeCona ewode-ba tKeebs sof. saCiqobavoSi (senakis r-ni), sof. gaxomelaSi (senakis r-ni) da sxv.

g. SSSS � CCCC afrikatizaciis kidev ramdenime SemTxvevas davasaxe-lebT martvilis r-nis toponimiidan:

yyyyiiiiiiiiSiSiSiSi,,,, anu SxuriS yi, katabardaa. i. KifSiZe rafiel erisTav-ze miTiTebiT ganmartavs: "SxuriCi _ дикий виноградь (ср. burexi"). "botanikur leqsikonSi" katabardis megrul semantikur ekvivalente-bad dasaxelebulia "SxuSxuSxuSxuririririSi Si Si Si yyyyiiii, , , , SxuSxuSxuSxuririririSi Si Si Si yyyyuuuu, , , , CiqCiqCiqCiqviviviviSi Si Si Si yyyyiiii, , , , wirwirwirwirGGGGuuuu". xuxuxuxuru ru ru ru sitKvis mniSvneloba ki "megr.-qarT. leqsikonSi" asea axsnili: "soro, bunagi". xuru leqsemis Semcveli toponimebiT aGniSnul obi-eqtebze dakvirvebiTa da informantTa ganmartebebis safuZvelze Cve-neuli ganmarteba aGniSnuli sitKvisa aseTia: 1. ferdobis Ziras mi-mwKvdeuli vake, dube; 2. midamos kuTxe, wveti, romelic ferdobSia Seyrili; 3. vake-xevi, Taroseburi SeGrmaveba mTis kalTaze.

xuru aTeulze met toponimSia dafiqsirebuli damoukideb-lad an rTuli toponimis erT-erT komponentad. davasaxelebT sam saxelwodebas (samive martvilis r-nSi). Kvela SemTxvevaSi dasturde-ba S � C afrikatizacia: yyyyiiiiSSSSxuxuxuxurererere////////yyyyiiiiCxuCxuCxuCxurererere _ saxnavi marsilSi (sof. Jolevi); yyyyiSiSiSiSxuxuxuxururururu////////yyyyiiiiCxuCxuCxuCxururururu _ tKe-ferdobebi md. onaxueSis marcx. napirze (sof. z. xunwi); yyyyiiiiCxuCxuCxuCxuriririri////////yyyyiSiSiSiSxuxuxuxururururu _ Gele da xevi TaTuGa-lis marJv. Senakadi (sof. yaburTa).

d. cxvris nadgom adgils bevrgan SerCenia saxelwodeba: naSxu-ru, naSxuri, naSxureeSi... sof. nafiCxovoSi (CxorowKus r-ni) md. wiTieris zemo wels da mis xeobas ewodeba nanananaCxuCxuCxuCxururururu////////nanananaSxuSxuSxuSxururururu. gadmocemiT, uwin am xeobaSi cxvari hKavdaT. maSasadame, naSxuru �


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naCxuru, e.i. S � C afrikatizacia. Sxur- sitKva "normaa" megrulisa-Tvis. marTalia megr. Cxur- qarT. cxvarcxvarcxvarcxvar-is kanonzomieri fonetikur-semantikuri SesatKvisia, magram es mxolod istoriulad. dGes ki me-grulSi gavrcelebulia Sxur sitKva da amis gamo Cxur "cxvari" Ca-vTvaleT mis variantad, romelic miGebulia afrikatizaciiT.

e. axlo warsulSi megrelTa sameurneo KofaSi gavrcelebuli iKo samiwaTmoqmedo termini momomomoSxuSxuSxuSxunanananafafafafa.... igi nasaxelari zmnis sawKisi formaa. amosavali sitKva SxuSxuSxuSxuna na na na (iSviaTad Sxona) aGniSnavs Kamirs, didi xnis Sesvenebul miwas, romelsac ukve dawKebuli aqvs gatKeve-ba. moSxunafa swored miwis dasvenebasa da gaKamireba-gatKevebas aG-niSnavs. sami-oTxi wlis Semdeg norC tKes gakafavdnen, moasufTaveb-dnen da axod aqcevdnen. oSoSoSoSxuxuxuxunanananafufufufu swored dasasvenebel-gasatKeve-bel da Sxunad gadasaqcev miwas aGniSnavs. texuris yalas (sof. do-berazeni, martvilis r-ni), sadac monacvleobiT xdeboda gaKamireba-moaxoeba, amjamad ewodeba oSoSoSoSxuxuxuxunanananafufufufu////////oSoSoSoSxoxoxoxonanananafufufufu////////oCxooCxooCxooCxonanananafufufufu. aqac S �� C. marTalia am afrikatizacias xeli SeuwKo gadaazrebam: oCxonafu niSnavs sacxonebels. viTom aq moweuli mosavliT unda cxonebuliKo patroni.

igive procesi Cans toponimSi nanananaSxvenSxvenSxvenSxven////////nanananaCxvenCxvenCxvenCxven (tKe-ferdobebi martvilis r-nis sof. leqobaleSi). aqac amosavalia Sxuna "axo". to-ponimi naCxven dasturdeba sxva sofelSic: pirvel gurZemSi (martvi-lis r-ni) naCxvenwKaris saTave wKaros ewodeba nanananaCxvenCxvenCxvenCxven////////nanananaSxvenSxvenSxvenSxven.... maSa-sadame, SxuSxuSxuSxunananana � nanananaSxvenSxvenSxvenSxven (monacvleoba u_ve Cveulebrivia) niSnavs na-axovars. � nanananaCxven Cxven Cxven Cxven (afrikatizaciiT).

v. miuxedavad imisa, rom xurSxurSxurSxurS----onaonaonaona-s amosavali fuZis semantika, garkveuli ar aris, advili misaxvedria rom xurSxurSxurSxurS----i formaSi SSSS na-STia mcenareTa saxelebis mawarmoebeli -iSiSiSiS sufiqsisa (Sdr. toponi-mebi: xoroSina da xoroSona. amosavalia xoroSi, atmis JiSis saxeli, igive xoroatama). nebismier SemTxvevaSi xurSona Tavdapirveli for-maa, xolo xurCona aris misi varianti, warmoqmnili S �� C afrikari-zaciiT. xurxurxurxurSoSoSoSonananana////////xurxurxurxurCoCoCoConananana tKe-xevia didGalis xeobaSi (sof. qvaiTi, martvilis r-ni).

z. korSia mcirericxovani gvaria. misi iSviaTi araoficialuri variantia kokokokoSiaSiaSiaSia, , , , kokokokoCiaCiaCiaCia. orive forma Cans toponimSi lelelelekokokokoSieSieSieSie////////lelelele----kokokokoCieCieCieCie. gadmocemiT, am ferdobebze KorSiebs ucxovriaT (sof. axuTi, CxorowKus r-ni). aqac savaraudoa SSSS �� C C C C (koSia �koCia). magram Tu Tavdapirvel formad CavTliT koCiaskoCiaskoCiaskoCias, maSin saqme gveqneba dezafri-katizaciasTan C � S.

jjjj � JJJJ....

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jGeria mcirericxovani gvarsaxelia (sul 163 suli saqarTve-loSi. amjamad ZiriTadad guriaSi gvxvdeba). igi unda momdinareob-des jeGeria-sagan (maisuraZe, 1990, gv. 136). meore mxriv, araa gamo-ricxuli, gvarisaTvis amosavali iKos pirsaxeli jGero (rayaSi). jGerias variantia JGeria (JGeriac mcirericxovani gvarsaxelia, sul 46 suli saqarTveloSi. aznauri JGeriebi istoriulad imereTSi mkvidrobdnen). afrikatizacias (j � J) adasturebs toponimi nananana----jGjGjGjGerererer((((oooo))))uuuu////////nanananaJGJGJGJGerererer((((oooo))))uuuu _ ferdobebi wkantiGeis marJv. mxares (sof. naxunavo, martvilis r-ni). gadmocemiT, am ferdobebze JGeriebi sa-xlebulan. gvar jGerias ukavSirdeba agreTve toponimi jGjGjGjGeeeerurururu----lililili////////JGJGJGJGeeeerurururuli li li li (sabalaxo q. walenJixis sakalandios ubanSi).

1.3. xSuxSuxSuxSulis aflis aflis aflis afririririkakakakatitititizazazazaciaciaciacia.... d d d d � JJJJ a. xu xu xu xudodododonininini nasoflaria walenJixis raionSi. amjamad moqceulia

engurhesis wKalsacavis fskerze. etimologiurad SeiZleba davakavSi-roT qvemo samegreloSi gavrcelebul sitKvasTan xudondixa "fxvie-ri miwa, advilad dasamuSavebeli". sof. JvarSi gavrcelebuli varian-ti xuxuxuxuJJJJooooni ni ni ni dasaxelebulia Jer kidev i. KifSiZis "megrul-rusul leqsikonSi". rogorc vxedavT, xmovanTa Soris moqceuli mjGeri dddd Secvala amave lokaluri rigis mjGerma JJJJ afrikatma.

i. KifSiZe dasavlur (zugdidur-samurzaKanoul) dialeqtSi al. cagarelze daKrdnobiT da dddd xSulis afrikatizaciis safuZvel-ze gamoKofs Jvarul Tqmas: "Речь с. Джвари… можно назвать подговоров М.З. говора. Oсобенность его состоит в диссимиляции удвоенных гласных" (KifSiZe, 1994, gv. 50). al. cagareli Jvaruli Tqmis Taviseburebad Tvlida imas, rom "d d d d gadadis, Tumca ara KovelTvis, JJJJ-Si". dasaxele-bulia aseTi magaliTebi, amoGebuli JvarSi Cawerili ori leqsidan: JuJi ( dudi), ragaJi ( ragadi), ubeJuri ( ubeduri). amasTan da-kavSirebiT i. KifSiZe aGniSnavs, rom mas am sitKvebSi JvarelTagan J ar mousmenia, magram JvarelTa Zveli Taobis mtkicebiT, am sitKvebSi d-s nacvlad J marTlac mousmeniaT mama-papaTagan.

b. d d d d � JJJJ afrikatizaciis kidev erT magaliTs davasaxelebT: GGGGalalalaldidididididididi "Geledidi" toponimiaSi gvxvdeba GGGGaaaadidididididididi formiT. GGGGaaaadidididi----didididi ewodeba oCxomuris Senakads sof. p. yoGaSi (CxorowKus r-ni) da Jibaduris marcx. Senakads sof. gamoGma qariataSi (xobis r-ni). af-rikatizebuli varianti dasturdeba xobis r-nis sof. Zv. xibulaSi, sadac yaniswKlis marJv. Senakads ewodeba GGGGaaaadidididididididi////////GGGGaaaaJJJJiiiiJJJJiiii.

g. demuriebis ubans sof. focxoSi (senakis r-ni) ewodeba lelelele----dedededemumumumurierierierie. magram dabal sers, romelic demuriebis nasaxlarad iT-


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vleba, darqmevia lllleeeeJJJJemememem((((uuuu))))rererere (sof. alertkarisa da sayurGulios sazGvarze, zugdidis r-nSi). aqac cxadia, rom d � J.

d. xunxunxunxundidididiSiSiSiSi////////xunxunxunxunJJJJiiiiSiSiSiSi saxnavia sof. nalefsaoSi (martvilis r-ni). qarTuli sitKva xundi megrulSi Sesulia xunJi (xunJgi) for-miT. "xundi _ igivea, rac xunJi" (megr.-qarT. leqsikoni). amis gaTva-liswinebiT, ra Tqma unda, xunJi warmoadgens qarT. xundi sitKvis adaptirebul formas, warmoqmnils d �� J afrikatizaciiT.

e. megrulSi dudududurererere aGniSnavs xevisebur CaGrmavebas. sof. Ju-miTSi (xabumis Temi, CxorowKus r-ni) ( ( ( (nnnn))))dudududurererere xevis saxelia, magram sof. sanayKebioSi (martvilis r-ni), saxnavs mcired CaGrmavebul ad-gilze darqmevia inoninoninoninonJJJJuuuuriariariaria. . . . d �� J cxadia.

maSasadame, afrikatizaciis saxeobaTa Soris megrulSi (topo-nimTa monacemebis mixedviT) ufro gavrcelebulia s � c (winanunis-mieri spirantis Canacvleba winanunismieri afrikatiT), xSirad gvxvdeba agreTve S � C (ukananunismieri spirantis Canacvleba ukana-nunismieri afrikatiT), xolo rac Seexeba xSulis gaafrikatebas, igi warmodgenilia erTaderTi saxiT d � J. Kvela SemTxvevaSi Tanxmovan-Tmonacvleoba fonetikuradaa Sepirobebuli.

2. dedededezafzafzafzafririririkakakakatitititizazazazacia cia cia cia dezafrikatizacia xSulnapralovani bgeris Canacvlebaa nunis-

mieri spirantiT (z, s, j, S) an kbilismieri xSulebiT (d, T, t). pirveli SemTxveva aGiniSneba terminiT spispispispiranranranrantitititizazazazaciaciaciacia, , , , xolo meore SemTxveva _ terminiT desdesdesdespipipipiranranranrantitititizazazazaciaciaciacia. . . . Tavis mxriv, spirantizacia warmomavlobis TvalsazrisiT SeiZleba iKos didididisisisisimimimimilalalalaciciciciuuuuriririri an sponsponsponspontatatatanunununuriririri. disimilacia xdeba xSulebisa da sonorebis, agreTve G, x spirantebis mezoblobaSi (radgan G, x spirantebi Seicaven, Tumca mcire doziT, xSulobis elementebs). spirantizacia xdeba disimila-ciiT xSulobis mixedviT. xolo rac Seexeba spontanur dezafrika-tizacias, misi safuZvelia xmovnebTan mezobloba.

despirantizaciasac iwvevs disimilacia da igi sami saxisaa: c c c c � TTTT, , , , w w w w � tttt, , , , JJJJ � dddd. amaTgan, rogorc samecniero literaturaSia aG-niSnuli, megrulsa da svanurs mxolod J � d axasiaTebs. megruli am TvalsazrisiT met mravalferovnebas gviCvenebs.

2.1. spispispispiranranranrantitititizazazazaciaciaciacia:::: afrikati �� winanunismieri z an s. cccc � ssss xSulnapralovan cccc Tanxmovans dezafrikatizaciis gziT qar-

Tvelur enebSi SeiZleba Caenacvlos rogorc TTTT xSuli, ise ssss da zzzz spirantebi. mizezia mezobeli Tanxmovnebis xSulobasTan disimila-

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cia. magram substituciis Sedegi _ spirantizacia Cveulebrivia ag-reTve vvvv-s win, xmovnis mezoblad da xmovnebs Soris (lomTaZe, 1999, gv. 44).

samegrelos toponimia amjGavnebs dezafrikatizaciis aseT Se-mTxvevebs

a. megrulSi qriste macxovris saxelobis eklesiebisa Tu naek-lesiarebis saxelwodebani Seicaven aseT qristologiur leqsikur erTeulebs: ieieieieso qrisso qrisso qrisso qristetetete, , , , qirqirqirqirsesesese,,,, manmanmanmancxvacxvacxvacxvariririri, , , , manmanmanmancxocxocxocxovavavavariririri.... magaliTebi: ieieieieso qrisso qrisso qrisso qristetetete////////qirqirqirqirsesesese////////qirqirqirqirsesesesexorxorxorxorcicicicieeeelililili _ borcvi sof. leaxaleSi (Cxo-rowKus r-ni); qirqirqirqirseSseSseSseSxaxaxaxatitititi _ macxovris eklesia sof. leSamugeSi (wa-lenJixis r-ni); qirqirqirqirseseseseSoSoSoSobaS oxbaS oxbaS oxbaS oxvavavavamemememe////////qirqirqirqirseS oxseS oxseS oxseS oxvavavavamemememe _ eklesia sof. beTlemSi (senakis r-ni).

epiTeti manmanmanmancxvacxvacxvacxvariririri (iSviaTad: mancxovari) aTeulze met obi-eqts ewodeba samegreloSi (toponimebia: mancxvari, mancxvarga, man-cxvariSi, mancxvariS oxvame, mancxvarkari, mancxvartKa, mancxovari da sxv.), magram, CxorowKus r-nis sof. axuTSi ki, naeklesiars, sadac uwin mancxvarxati esvena, dGes ewodeba manmanmanmansxvasxvasxvasxvariririri. dezafikatizacia c � s aSkaraa.

b. mdinare iordaneSi qristes naTlisGebis ritualis Semsru-lebeli ioane qarTul qristologiur literaturasa da metKvele-baSi cnobilia rogorc ioane naTlismcemeli. es anTroponimuli formula megrulSi Sesula ramdenime variantad, rasac isev da isev toponimia dagvidasturebs: ivaivaivaivane nasne nasne nasne nas((((iiii))))memememeriririri _ naeklesiari, sadac idga ioane naTlismcemlis saxelobis salocavi (sof. abedaTi, mar-tvilis r-ni); ivaivaivaivane nane nane nane nacmecmecmecmeriririri _ naeklesiari, sasaflao sof. onoGiis (martvilis r-ni) centrSi; ivaivaivaivane nane nane nane nacicicicimemememeriririri////////ivaivaivaivane nane nane nane naTiTiTiTicecececememememeriririri _ naek-lesiari, sasaflao saqobalios ubanSi (sof. gaGma zanaTi, abaSis r-ni); nanananaTiTiTiTicecececememememelililili _ naeklesiari, sasaflao sof. qveda sortaSi (sena-kis r-ni) nanananacmecmecmecmeriririri////////ivaivaivaivane nane nane nane nasmesmesmesmeriririri _ borcvi, romelzec idga ioane na-Tlismcemlis saxelobis eklesia (sof. saadamio, senakis r-ni) da sxv.

am masalebis mixedviT fonetikur movlenaTa aseTi suraTi ixa-teba: qarT. ivane naTlismcemeli � megr. ivane naTicemeli//ivane na-Ticemeri � ivane nacmeri (Ti- kompleqsis haplologiiTa da e xmov-nis amovardniT) � ivane nasmeri (c c c c afrikatis dezafrikatizacia-spi-rantizacia).

g. qarTuli qristologiuri termini JJJJvarcvarcvarcvarcmamamama megrulSi warmodgenilia ori variantiT: JJJJvarcvarcvarcvarcˆ̂̂̂mamamama,,,, JJJJvarsvarsvarsvars((((iiii))))mamamama. . . . JJJJvarvarvarvarcmaS oxcmaS oxcmaS oxcmaS oxvavavavamemememe naeklesiaria sof. beTlemSi (adg. varianti: berTemi, senakis r-ni); JJJJvarsvarsvarsvars((((iiii))))mamamama borcvia sof. abasTumanSi (zugdidis r-ni), informator-


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Ta gadmocemiT, am eklesiaSi esvena JvarsimaS xati _ koduebis JinJi-xati. maSasadame, Jvarcma � Jvarsma spirantizaciis (dezafrikatiza-ciis) Sedegia. i (ˆ̂̂̂) xmovnis Casma am fonetikuri movlenis Semdeg-droindelia.

d. megrulSi momomomorcircircircieeeebabababa aGniSnavs daqcevas, gamofitvas (konteq-stebi: didididixaS moxaS moxaS moxaS morcircircircieeeebabababa "miwis gamofitva", ‡‡‡‡udeS daudeS daudeS daudeS darcircircircieeeebabababa "saxlis daqceva, gapartaxeba" (Sdr.: borias simindi murciebu "qars simindis Kana dauqcevia") da sxv. piriani forma iririrircicicicieeeebubububu-sagan warmoqmnila warsuli drois mimGeoba nanananarceirceirceircei, , , , narcnarcnarcnarc((((iiii)))), , , , nanananarcircircircieeeeriririri. . . . es mimGeobebi ukve gasubstantivebulia da ganimarteba rogorc parparparpartatatataxixixixi, , , , gamogamogamogamofifififi----tutututulililili, , , , dadadadaqceqceqceqceuuuulililili rame, unaKofo miwa. am sitKvaSi momxdara c afri-katis gamartiveba _ s spirantad gadaqceva: nanananarcircircirci � nanananarsirsirsirsi. naTqva-mis toponimuri dadastureba aseTia nanananarsirsirsirsi _ borcvi sof. kuxeSSi (walenJixis r-ni), nanananarceirceirceircei _ buCqnari sof. legulordaveSi da Cais farTobi sof. did inCxurSi (orive martvilis r-nSi). nanananarcircircirci _ fer-dobi sof. nobulevSi da mindori sof. namikolavo meoreSi, sadac oJaxi amomwKdara (orive martvilis r-ni). nanananarcircircircieeeeriririri "gamonafiti" _ tKe-ferdobi sof. nalefsaoSi.

rogorc vxedavT, nanananarceirceirceircei, , , , nanananarcircircirci, , , , nanananarcircircircieeeeriririri toponimebad das-turdeba mxolod martvilis r-nSi, xolo nanananarsi rsi rsi rsi _ _ _ _ mxolod walenJi-xis r-nSi, e.i. zugdidur-samurzaKanouli kilokavis zonaSi.

e. qarT. cucucucuarararar---- fuZis kanonzomieri megruli SesatKvisia cuncuncuncunJJJJ---- (nnnn-s CarTviT). es sitKva megrulSi gvxvdeba oTxi formiT: sunsunsunsunJJJJ----iiii, , , , cuncuncuncunJJJJ----iiii, , , , cundcundcundcund----iiii, , , , sundsundsundsund----iiii (fenrixi, sarJvelaZe, 2000, gv. 580). mTian samegreloSi md. zanis erT-erTi Senakadis saxelad dafiqsirebulia osunosunosunosunJJJJeeeeGGGGalalalal////////cuncuncuncunJJJJamamamamGGGGalalalal (sof. axuTi, CxorowKus r-ni). motivaciasTan dakavSirebiT informatori gadmogvcems: "cvari rom arsad iKos, am Gelispiras mainc dasveldeba kaci, KovelTvis namia". radganac cuncuncuncunJJJJ---- Tavdapirveli formaa, misgan cccc � ssss dezafrikatizaciiT Cans miGebu-li hidronimis pirveli variantis fuZe sunsunsunsunJJJJ----i.

Z Z Z Z � z z z z a. sof. kuTxenoJixevisa da zenis (orive noJixevis Temi, xobis

r-ni) sazGvarze mindors ewodeba obarobarobarobarZeZeZeZememememe////////obarobarobarobarzezezezenenenene. informator-Ta ganmartebiT, barbarbarbarZeZeZeZemimimimi raGac balaxia. a. maKaSvilis "botanikur leqsikonsa" da o. qaJaias "megrul-qarTul leqsikonSi" aseTi sitKva ar moipoveba. Cveni azriT, barZemi igive unda iKos, rac qarTuli brZabrZabrZabrZamimimimi (sitKvis Tavkidur brbrbrbr kompleqsSi xmovnis CarTvis magaliTi: qarT. brma � megr. bˆrma).

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maSasadame, Tu barbarbarbarZeZeZeZemimimimi ZiriTadi formaa, maSin barbarbarbarzezezezemi mi mi mi misga-naa warmoqmnili Z � z fonetikuri procesis (dezafrikatizaciis) gziT: xSulnapralovani (rTuli) Z Tanxmovnisagan gancalkevda napra-lovani zzzz: moxda spirantizacia.

b. gi gi gi gizozozozonananana organ ewodeba geografiul obieqts martvilis r-nSi: saxnavs sof. lemiqaveSi (grZlad devs Gele naruS Galis marJv. mxares) da ferdobs beriwKus marcx. mxares (sof. yaburTa). aSkarad Cans dezafrikatizaciis (Z � z) Sedegi: girZe ‡ona "grZeli Kana" � girZona � giZona � gizona.

g. mo mo mo mozdarzdarzdarzdarTuTuTuTu organ dafiqsirda identuri geografiuli obi-eqtebis _ davakebebis _ saxelwodebebad: gora misaronis kalTaze (sof. godogani, martvilis r-ni) da mTa osindales kalTaze (sof. Taia, CxorowKus r-ni). geografiuli Tu sameurneo realiebi, iseve rogorc toponimis momxmarebelTa zogi informacia, migvaniSnebs xolme toponimis Tavdapirvel formasa da Sinaarsze. gora misaron-ze iKo eklesia. iqidan mobrunebuli mlocvelebi vakeze, romelsac dGes mozdarTu hqvia, SeCerdebodnen, marmarmarmarJJJJvniv Sevniv Sevniv Sevniv Setritritritrialalalaldedededebodbodbodbodnennennennen, salocavs Sexedavdnen da SesTxovdnen: GmerTo, gamarJvebiT matareo. meore SemTxvevaSi mTidan Camomavali gza vake mozdarTusTan mkveT-rad uxvevs marJvniv da Semdeg Camodis sofelSi. maSasadame, mozdar-Tus Tavdapirveli forma iKo momomomorZgvi darZgvi darZgvi darZgvi darTurTurTurTu "marJvniv mosaxvevi". ramdenime fonetikuri movlenis Sedegad morZgvi darTus moucia forma moZdarTu, saidanac Z � z dezafrikatizaciiT warmoqmnila momomomozdarzdarzdarzdarTuTuTuTu.

d. gu gu gu guZuZuZuZuba ba ba ba mcire borcvia, mrgvali SemaGlebaa velze. dixagu-Zuba ki samecniero literaturasa da enciklopediaSi asea ganmarte-buli: "arqeologiuri Zeglebis erT-erTi kategoria, namosaxlari gora kolxeTis dablobze" ("megr.-qarT. leqsikonSi" araa Setanili). sof. anakliaSi enguris SesarTavTan, gaTxrili borcvi didididixaxaxaxaguguguguZuZuZuZubabababa brinJaos xanis namosaxlari aGmoCnda.

kolxeTis dablobze ramdenime aTeuli dixaguZubaa. maT erT nawils aseve ewodeba. oGond araa iSviaTi iseTi variantebic, rogo-ricaa didididixaxaxaxaguZguZguZguZbabababa da didididixaxaxaxaguzguzguzguzbabababa.... kerZod, didididixaxaxaxaguzguzguzguzbabababa ewodeba or borcvs sof. buliwKus (xobis r-ni) SemogarenSi: md. munCiis marJv. mxares (e.w. uCa palotiS dixaguzba) da otoronJeSi (e.w. otoronJeS dixaguzba). dezafrikatizacia-spirantizacia (Z � z) aSkaraa.

e. qarTuli sitKva boboboboZaZaZaZalililili "orwvera isari, Subi" megrulSi Sesulia borborborborZaZaZaZalililili formiT da aGniSnavs rogorc orwveras, ortotas (mag., Subs, gzas, Geles), ise mexsac da yurvsac. zugdidis r-nis


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sof. axalkaxaTSi or sxvadasxva adgils, sadac ruseT-TurqeTis omis dros (1855 w.) yurvi davardnila da afeTqebula, ewodeba nanananaborborborborZaZaZaZa----lililili. sofel darCelSi ki (zugdidis r-ni) tKes, romelsac didi xnis winaT mexi daeca da xeebi milew-molewa, darqmevia nanananaborborborborZaZaZaZalililili////////nananana----borborborborzazazazalililili. aqac momxdara dezafrikatizacia Z Z Z Z � zzzz....

megrulSi borborborborZaZaZaZalililili////////borborborborzazazazalililili,,,, rogorc aGiniSna, niSnavs or-tota gzas an mdinares. q. abaSaSi md. noGelis im monakveTs, sadac mas mierTvis Gele da arxi, ewodeba sumsumsumsumborborborborZaZaZaZalalalala////////sumsumsumsumborborborborzazazazalalalala.... kidev erTi toponimi: ortota Geles, md. dGurus marcx. Senakads sacxvi-tavoSi (senakis r-ni), ewodeba GGGGaaaaburburburburzazazazalalalala////////GGGGaaaaburburburburZaZaZaZalalalala ( GalborZa-la "Gele boZala"). aqac orive SemTxvevaSi faqtia dezafrikatizacia Z � z.

v. afxazuri sitKva aZaZaZaZmaxmaxmaxmax "yaobi, yanyrobi" (JanaSia, 1959, gv. 375) megrulSi Sesulia rogorc aZaZaZaZmaxmaxmaxmax,,,, ise azazazazmaxmaxmaxmax formiT. toponimu-ri dadastureba aseTia: nanananazmazmazmazmaxuxuxuxu _ mcire qvabuli urTis mTis kal-Taze, sadac wvimisas wKali dgeba (caiSi, zugdidis r-ni); azazazazmamamama----xixixixi////////olonolonolonolonttttKKKKeeeeSiSiSiSi _ gubura kalamonaSi (sof. nalefsao, martvilis r-ni); nanananaZmaxZmaxZmaxZmax _ yaobi sof. sakukaoSi (xobis r-ni); aZaZaZaZmamamamaxixixixi _ gubura didveSi (CxorowKus r-ni); aZaZaZaZmamamamaxuxuxuxu////////zazazazaqaqaqaqaririririaSaSaSaS aZaZaZaZmamamamaxuxuxuxu _ mindori mTa aficaras kalTaze (martvilis r-ni).

z. nanananaberberberberZemZemZemZem((((uuuu))))////////nanananaberberberberzemzemzemzem((((uuuu)))) _ erqva mindors sof. Jixaskaris (zugdidis r-ni) centrSi. toponimis amosaval fuZed savaraudebe-lia an gvari berZemia//berZenia an eTnonimi berZeni//berZemi. maSasada-me, naberzem warmoqmnilia ZZZZ �� z z z z dezafrikatizaciis gziT.

T. sof. garaxis (CxorowKus r-ni) sabebios ubanSi saxnavs ewo-deba gvaZgvaZgvaZgvaZnonononoxoxoxoxoriririri////////gvazgvazgvazgvaznonononoxoxoxoxoriririri. fonetikuri gardaqmnis mimarTuleba gaurkevevli iqneboda saxeldebis motivaciis gaTvaliswinebis gareSe: aGmoCnda, rom aGniSnuli saxnavi gvaZi bebias nasaxlaria. maSasadame, aqac ZZZZ �� zzzz.

2.2. spi spi spi spiranranranrantitititizazazazaciaciaciacia: : : : afrikati � ukananunismieri j, S. C �S a. rogorc cnobilia, rTuli bgera C miGebulia T xSulisa

da S napralovani Tanxmovnis SerwKmiT (Sdr.: aTSvidmeti � Cvidme-ti). qarTuli SxaSxaSxaSxapupupupunininini megrulSi gamoavlens CxapCxapCxapCxap Zirs, magaliTad, geCxapua "zemodan wKlis gadmosxma, daSxefeba". saTanado mimGeoburi forma gigigigiooooCxaCxaCxaCxapu pu pu pu aGniSnavs mcire CanCqers, wKalvardnils. xobis r-nis sof. gamoGma Sua xorgaSi md. asuas monakveTs (sadac wKali mci-re-mcire CanCqerebad iSxefeba) ewodeba gigigigioSoSoSoSxaxaxaxapupupupu////////gigigigiooooCxaCxaCxaCxapupupupu. ZiriTa-

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dia meore varianti, xolo misganaa warmoqmnili gioSxapu. aSkaraa dezafrikatizacia C � S.

b. aGmosavluri sitKva (induri, arabuli, Turquli) JJJJaaaamuSmuSmuSmuS qarTul saliteraturo enaSi warmodgenilia kakakakameCmeCmeCmeC----iiii formiT. sul-xan-sabas leqsikonSi ganmartebulia: "kambeSi (gameSi, gameCi) _ kame-Ci". gameSTan ki naTqvamia: "kambeCi somxurad". varianti kambeCi gvxvdeba qarTulis zog dialeqtSi (fSaurSi, gurulSi, imerulSi). i. KifSiZis "megrul-rusul leqsikonSi" dafiqsirebulia: kambeSi, kambeCi, kameCi. Tu ki ZiriTad amosaval formad CavTvliT qarT. kakakaka----meCmeCmeCmeC-s, maSin megrulSi misi adaptireba momxdara C � S dezafrikati-zaciiT. maSasadame, megrulisaTvis ZiriTadi formaa kambeSi, xolo kambeC-i misi gaafrikatebuli (S � C) variantia. toponimuri dadas-tureba aseTia:

nanananakamkamkamkambebebebeSuSuSuSu _ xevi sof. ewerSi (taleris Temi, martvilis r-ni) da borcvi sof. p. jinoTaSi (martvilis r-ni); okamokamokamokambebebebeSeSeSeSe _ saxnavi sof. salxinoSi (martvilis r-ni) da ferdobi sof. Sua xorSSi (se-nakis r-ni); nanananakakakaka((((mmmm))))bebebebeSuSuSuSu _ borcvi sof. patara jinoTaSi (martvilis r-ni); nanananakamkamkamkambeSbeSbeSbeSGGGGaaaallll _ Gele sof. narazenSi (zugdidis r-ni); sasasasakamkamkamkambebebebe----SoSoSoSo////////okamokamokamokambebebebeCeCeCeCe _ saxnavi JumpiJSi (sof. urTa, zugdidis r-ni. aq dasa-xelebuli okambeCe an qarTulis gavlenaa, an meoradi afrikatizaci-iT aris warmoqmnili okambeSe formidan).

maSasadame, monacvleoba C � S xdeba rogorc megrulis aGmo-savlur, ise dasavlur kiloSi (sakuTriv JamuS, rogorc Cans, qar-TulSi Semovida S �C monacvleobiT).

g. md. umpiis marJv. napirze ferdobs, sadac uwin Ciqovans ucxovria (sof. yaqvinJi, zugdidis r-ni), ewodeba nanananaCiqCiqCiqCiqvanvanvanvan((((uuuu))))//nananana----rCqvanrCqvanrCqvanrCqvan((((uuuu))))//nanananarSqvanrSqvanrSqvanrSqvan((((uuuu)))). aqac Kvelaferi cxadia: Ciqovani � naCiqvan � narCqvan(u) (i xmovnis amovardniTa da r Tanxmovnis CarTviT) � na-rSqvan (CCCC-s dezafrikatizaciiT).

d. megrulSi CxveCxveCxveCxveriririri fetvia (GomisGomi, romlisganac Goms akeTebdnen.). Cxveris cexvas CxvaCxvaCxvaCxvaruaruaruarua ewodeba, xolo sacexvels _ oCxvaoCxvaoCxvaoCxvaruerueruerue. md. tarCiis mdgenels, romelzec gamarTuli iKo wKariS oCxvarue "wKlis sacexveli", dGes ewodeba nananana((((oooo))))CxvaCxvaCxvaCxvarurururu////////nanananaoSoSoSoSxvaxvaxvaxvarurururu.... x-s mezoblad moqceul C afrikats Caenacvla misi napralovani Se-madgeneli S.

e. ucuna TeTrbolqviani mcenarea. megrulSi am mcenaris sa-xelwodebas swored es araarsebiTo niSani dasdebia safuZvlad: JJJJinininin----JJJJi rCei rCei rCei rCe "ZirTeTri" �� JJJJˆ̂̂̂rCerCerCerCe.... sitKvis Tavbgeras, afrikat J-s ganucdia dezafrikatizacia, ris Sedegadac JJJJˆ̂̂̂rCerCerCerCe gadaqceula ddddˆ̂̂̂rCedrCedrCedrCed. Se-


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mdgomSi momxdara C �� S. toponimebia: ddddˆ̂̂̂rCorCorCorConininini _ mindori wKavaSelis xeobaSi (Kofili maganis satKeo, walenJixis r-ni); ddddˆ̂̂̂rSorSorSorSonananana////////ddddˆ̂̂̂rCorCorCorConananana _ ferdobebi leberieSi (sof. nafiCxovo, CxorowKus r-ni).

2.3. spispispispiranranranrantitititizazazazaciaciaciacia: afrikati � ukananunismieri j, S. yyyy �� SSSS cnobilia, rom y afrikati zog SemTxvevaSi Cainacvlebs S spi-

rants. erT aseT magaliTs megruli toponimiac Seicavs. CeSCeSCeSCeSfefefefeSoSoSoSoni ni ni ni ferdobia sof. abasTumnis (zugdidis r-ni) sakoduos ubanSi. infor-matorebis ganmartebiT, "CeSfeSi, CeSbeSi aris vazis JiSi, asxia wvrili TeTri marcvali, ambalaxsac uwodeben". cxadia, toponimisa-Tvis amosavalia vazis JiSis saxeli CeCeCeCeyyyyˆ̂̂̂fefefefeSiSiSiSi "TeTrwvrilisa". topo-nimis warmoqmnis gza aseTia: CeCeCeCeyyyyˆ̂̂̂fefefefeSiSiSiSi � CeCeCeCeyyyyfefefefeSiSiSiSi � CeSCeSCeSCeSfefefefeSiSiSiSi � CeSfeSoni (an Ceyˆ̂̂̂feSi � CeSˆ̂̂̂feSi � CeSfeSi � CeSfeSoni).

JJJJ � jjjj CeCeCeCejjjjoooonananana////////CeCeCeCeJJJJoooonananana _ saxnavi erawKaris marJv. napiris ferdobze.

CeJa "TeTri xe" alvis xea. maSasadame, toponim CeJonas varianti Cejo-na warmoqmnilia dezafrikatizaciiT JJJJ ��jjjj.

2.4. desdesdesdespipipipiranranranrantitititizazazazaciaciaciacia:::: afrikati �kbilismieri xSuli. Z Z Z Z �� dddd samecniero literaturaSi aGniSnulia, rom ZZZZ-s dezafrikati-

zaciiT miiGeba z napralovani, magram megruli dialeqtis toponimu-ri masala gamoavlens aGniSnuli afrikatisagan dezafrikatizaciis gziT dddd xSuli Tanxmovnis miGebis faqts:

a. sofel meore moxaSis (senakis r-ni), lemalanies ubanSi tKes ewodeba girgirgirgirdodododonananana////////girgirgirgirZoZoZoZonananana. Tavdapirveli (semantikis Semcveli) for-maa girgirgirgirZe Ze Ze Ze ‡‡‡‡onaonaonaona "grZeli Kana". fonetikur gradaciaTa gza ase wari-marTa: girZe ‡ona � girZona � girgirgirgirdodododonananana.... maSasadame, mocemul Se-mTxvevaSi Z � d.

b. sof. sagugunavoSi (senakis r-ni), md. dGurus napirze, sa-xnavs ewodeba vevevevegirgirgirgirdededede.... megrulSi veveveve igivea, rac qarTulSi veli. aseTi veli, mindori, sanam igi saxnavad gadaiqceoda, grZlad ido mdinaris napirze. maSasadame, toponimis Tavdapirveli forma unda KofiliKo ve girZe "velgrZeli". dezafrikatizaciis Sedegad Z afri-katidan isev da isev d xSuli miviGeT: vevevevegirgirgirgirZeZeZeZe � vevevevegirgirgirgirdededede....

vevevevegigigigidededede Gelea, erTvis md. abaSas marcx. mxridan (sof. lefoCxue, martvilis r-ni). toponimis warmomavlobas advilad ag-vixsnis Z afrikatis dezafrikatizaciis SesaZleblobis gaTvaliswine-ba: vegirZe "velgrZeli" � vegirde � vegide (an vegirZe � vegiZe � vegide).

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g. ela ela ela elaginginginginZeZeZeZe "wagrZelebuli" zedsarTavi saxelia. martvilur-banZur TqmaSi igi gvxvdeba ori formiT: egiregiregiregirdededede da eeee��agiragiragiragirdededede,,,, rasac adastureben toponimebi:

egiregiregiregirdededede _ saxnavi JvarGelis napiras (sof. Jolevi) da eeeeáagiragiragiragirdededede////////iaiaiaiagirgirgirgirdededede////////oooo��agiagiagiagidededede _ saxnavi, romelic grZlad devs md. abaSis yalaSi (sof. orqa). ela � e��a da ola- � o��a Cveulebrivia banZur-martviluri Tqmis zonaSi. aseve ucxo araa rZ kompleqsSi rrrr-s dakargva. Sdr. eeee��agiragiragiragirZeZeZeZe////////eeee��agiagiagiagiZeZeZeZe _ saxnavi texuris yalaSi (namiko-lavo meore).

JJJJ �� dddd megruli sitKva JJJJiiiixaxaxaxa igivea, rac qarTuli cixe. cixis qvemoT

mdebare tKisaTvis daurqmeviaT JJJJiiiixaxaxaxattttKKKKaaaa "cixis tKe". rogorc Cans, droTa ganmavlobaSi JJJJ-s dezafrikatizaciiT wamoqmnila saxelwode-bis varianti didididixaxaxaxattttKKKKaaaa (Sdr. ddddˆ̂̂̂rCerCerCerCe JJJJˆ̂̂̂rCerCerCerCe JJJJininininJJJJi rCei rCei rCei rCe "ZirTeTri, anu ucuna).

maSasadame, toponimuri masalis mixedviT, zanuri enis megru-li dialeqtisaTvis dezafrikatizaciis ori saxeobidan ufro dama-xasiaTebelia dezafrikatizacia-spirantizacia: (afrikati � nunismie-ri spiranti: c � s, Z �z, C �S, y � S, J � j), xolo dezafrikatizacia-despirantizacia afrikati � kbilismieri xSuli) warmodgenilia mxolod: Z � d, J � d saxiT. afrikatTa spirantiza-cia xdeba erTi lokaluri rigis farglebSi, amasTanave, mjGeri da Kru mkveTri afrikati Cainacvlebs mjGer spirants, xolo Kru fSvinvieri afrikati _ Kru spirants. dezafrikatizacias, iseve rogorc afrikatizacias, iwvevs fonetikuri movlenebi _ asimila-cia, disimilacia.


1. abuabuabuabulalalalaZeZeZeZe, , , , 1973 _ i. abulaZe, Zveli qarTuli enis leqsikoni

(masalebi), Tb., 1973. 2. lomlomlomlomTaTaTaTaZeZeZeZe,,,, 1999 _ a. lomTaZe, spirantebisa da afrikatebis

fonetikuri saxecvlilebani qarTvelur enebSi, avtoreferati fi-lologiis mecnierebaTa doqtoris samecniero xarisxis mosapoveb-lad warmodgenili naSromisa, Tb., 1999.

3. maisuraZemaisuraZemaisuraZemaisuraZe,,,, 1990 _ i. maisuraZe, qarTuli gvarsaxelebi (sa-leqsikono bibliografiuli masalebi), Tb., 1990.

4. mamamamaKKKKaSaSaSaSvivivivilililili,,,, 1991 _ a. maKaSvili, botanikuri leqsikoni (mce-nareTa saxelebi), Tb., 1991.


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5. megrmegrmegrmegr....----qarTqarTqarTqarT. . . . leqleqleqleqsisisisikokokokonininini _ o. qaJaia, megrul-qarTuli leqsi-koni, Tb., I _ 2001; II_ 20002; III _ 2002.

6. sasasasarrrrJJJJvevevevelalalalaZeZeZeZe, 2001 _ z. sarJvelaZe, Zveli qarTuli enis si-tKvis kona, Tb., 2001.

7. sulsulsulsulxanxanxanxan----sasasasababababa _ sulxan-saba orbeliani, leqsikoni qarTuli, I, Tb., 1991.

8. fenfenfenfenririririxixixixi, , , , sasasasarrrrJJJJvevevevelalalalaZeZeZeZe,,,, 2000 _ hainc fenrixi, zurab sarJvela-Ze, qarTvelur enaTa etimologiuri leqsikoni, Tb., 2000.

9. KKKKiiiiffffSiSiSiSiZeZeZeZe,,,, 1994 _ i. KifSiZe, rCeuli Txzulebani, Tb., 1994. 10. JJJJaaaananananaSiaSiaSiaSia,,,, 1959 _ b. JanaSia, afxazur-qarTuli leqsikoni, Tb.,

1959. 11. JJJJororororbebebebenanananaZeZeZeZe,,,, 1998 _ besarion JorbenaZe, qarTuli dialeqto-

logia, 2, Tb., 1998.

Paata Tskhadaia

Affricatization and Desaffricatization in Zan (According to Megrelian Toponymy)

S u m m a r y

Phonetic analysis of the toponymic material demonstrates, that in the toponymy

of the Megrelian dialect of Zan affricatization and desaffricatization are manifested more intensively then in common nouns.

A basic kind of affricatization is the transferring of spirants (fricative conso-nant) into affricate consonant in the neighbourhood, mainly obstruent consonant or vowels (substitution). Affricatization is realized in the same local series as a result of assimilation and dissimilation.

A basic type of desaffricatization (articulating of fricative consonants) is the spirantisation through losing obstruent elements. In this case phonetic changes are conditioned by assimilation and dissimilation in the same local series.

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rorororoeeeenananana yka yka yka ykaduaduaduadua

ablautis safexurTa ganawilebisaTvis

svanuri enis fuZedrekad zmnaTa formebSi

funqciuri xmovanmonacvleobis (resp. ablautis) nimuSad qar-

Tvelur enebSi miCneulia e. w. fuZedrekad zmnaTa warmoeba. Sinagani fleqsia qarTulSi awmKo-wKvetilis formebs ganarCevs, svanurSi ki moqmedebiT-vnebiTisas.

qarTvelur enebSi ablauti imdenad mniSvnelovani movlenaa, rom enaTmecnierebi mas zmnur formaTa daJgufebis erT-erT safuZ-vladac ki miiCneven.1

v. Tofuriam svanur enaSi zmnaTa `ganJgufebisas~ calke Jgu-fad gamoKo is gardamavali zmnebi `...romelTac mediopasiuri for-mebi gaaCniaT da ukanasknelsa da aqtivs erTmaneTisagan fuZis dreka-dobiT arCeven (Tofuria 1967, 40). misi azriT, fuZis fleqsia sva-nurSi mkveTrad CamoKalibebuli movlenaa2 da `misi mizezi foneti-kaSi unda veZioT (iqve, 141). igi Tavis fundamentur SromaSi, `sva-nuri ena, I zmna~ calke warmogvidgens fuZedrekad zmnaTa warmoebis ramdenime magaliTs. rac Seexeba am formebSi xmovanTa monacvleobas, misi varaudiT `...Tu i ← u reducirdeba da kvals tovebs ˆ-s sa-xiT, xom ar aris fuZedrekad zmnaTa moqmedebiTi gvaris formebis i/ˆ warmomdgari u-sagan? mag. awmKo tiiiix-e; lSx. tˆ̂̂̂x-e àbrunebs~ zs. lSx. o-tˆ̂̂̂x `davabrune~, a-tiiiix `daabruna~ (Tofuria 1979, 166).

T. gamKreliZisa da g. mayavarianis azriT gardamaval formaTa iiii gaxmovaneba warmoSobiT reduqciis safexurs warmoadgens da Tav-

1 dawvrilebiT ix. r. qurdaZis wignSi `xmovanmonacvle zmnebi Tanamedrove qar-

Tul enaSi~, Tbilisi, 2005, 9-10 gv. 2 v. Tofuria qarTulisaTvis damaxasiaTebel fuZis fleqsias, svanurTan Sedare-

biT, meoreul movlenad miiCnevs (Tofuria 2002, 409).

ablautis safexurTa ganawilebisaTvis svanuri enis...

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dapirvelad mxolod aoristis fuZisaTvis iKo damaxasiaTebeli, xo-lo eeee gaxmovaneba amosavali iKo Kvela gardamavali zmnisaTvis (gamKreliZe, mayavariani 1965, 207).

aGniSnuli tipis zmnebSi ablauti daxasiaTebulia, rogorc yarbi morfologiuri niSani. `svanurSi II-Jgufis zmnaTa aqtiuri da pasiuri formebi garCeulia erTmaneTisgan afiqsebTan erTad fuZis fleqsiiT~ (Tofuria 2002, 40).

samecniero literaturaSi, ZiriTadad, KuradGeba gamaxvilebu-lia iiii/eeee monacvleobaze. moqmedebiTi gvaris zmnebs Ziriseuli iiii/ˆ xmovanTan erTad aqvT -eeee sufiqsi, xolo vnebiTis eeee xmovnian formebs erTvis -enenenen elementi, romelic, lentexuri dialeqtis garda, fuZise-uli xmovnis reduqcias iwvevs. saerTod, ablauturi xmovanmonacvle-oba svanurSi mravalferovan suraTs iZleva, Tumca misi ukve Tanda-TanobiT moSlis faqti (gansakuTrebiT qvemosvanuris dialeqtebSi) aGniSnuli aqvs i. CantlaZes `svanuri leqsikonis~ winasitKvaobaSi (CantlaZe, 2000, 9).

amJerad Cveni mizani iKo ablautis, rogorc rTuli morfono-logiuri movlenis, ganxilva svanuris Kvela dialeqtisa da uGlebis paradigmaTa mixedviT.1

svanuri enis dialeqturi masalis Seswavlam saSualeba mogvca fuZedrekad zmnebSi gamogveKo ramdenime qveJgufi:

a) balszemouri dialeqtis awmKo drois moqmedebiTis formeb-

Si uuuu/…i…i…i…i, balsqvemoursa da lentexurSi …i…i…i…i, laSxurSi uuuu gaxmovane-biT; vnebiTis formebSi ki Kvelgan …e…e…e…e kompleqsiT (zs-is dialeqte-bis zogierT kilokavSi eeee).

aGniSnul zmnebs namKo ZiriTadis (resp. wKvetilis) e. w. orTa formebSi aqvT uuuu gaxmovaneba, xolo xuTTa formaSi …i…i…i…i. mag.: awmKo: moqm. gv. bz. kuuuuS-e º k…………iiiiS-e; bq. lnt. k…………iiiiS-e; lSx. kuuuuS-e `texs~.

vneb.: zs. lSx. k…………eeeeS-n-i, lxm. keeeeS-n-i, lnt. k…………eeeeS-en-i `tKdeba~. n. ZiriTadi: o-kuuuuS `gavtexe~, a-k…………iiiiS `gatexa~.

moqm.: bz. Tuuuuf-e º T…i…i…i…if-e; bq. lnt. T…i…i…i…if-e, lSx. Tuuuuf-e `kargavs~. vneb.: zs. lSx. T…………eeeef-n-i, lnt. T…………eeeef-en-i; lxm. Teeeef-n-i n. Ziri-

Tadi: o-Tuuuuf `davkarge~ a-T…………iiiif `dakarga~.2 amgvari xmovanmonacvleo-

1 svanuri dialeqturi masalis mopoveba-gadamowmebaSi didi daxmareba gagvi-

wies Ciqobavas enaTmecnierebis institutis TanamSromlebma: el. gazdelianma, m. saG-

lianma, r. ioselianma, n. SavreSianma. 2 uGlebis paradigmaTa nimuSi ix. statiis bolos.

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biT xasiaTdeba Semdegi zmnebi: xuuuur-e º x…………iiiir-e àngrevs~, x…………eeeer-n-i ìngreva~; quuuuc-e º q…………iiiic-e `wKvets~, q…………eeeec-n-i `wKdeba~; Kuuuul-e º K…………iiiil-e `Kofs~, K…………eeeel-n-i ìKofa~; KuuuuC-e º K…………iiiiC-e `texs~, K…………eeeeC-n-i `tKdeba~, Cuuuuf-e º C…………iiiif-e àdnobs Tovls~, C…………eeeef-n-i `dneba~; cuuuur-e º c…………iiiir-e `tovebs~, c…………eeeer-n-i ìtoveba~; xuuuut-e º x…………iiiit-e `{amo}wKvets~, x…………eeeet-n-i `{amo}wKdeba~.

am qveJgufis fuZedrekadebSi ablautis safexurTa ganawileba dialeqtebisa da warmoebis mixedviT mTavar formebSi aseTi saxiTaa warmodgenili:1

moqm.: vneb.: bz. awmKo u _ …i …e mKofadi … … wKvet. u _ …i … _ …a Turmeob. …i …e

bq. awmKo …i …e mKofadi … … wKvet. u _ …i …e _ …a Turmeob. …i …e

lnt. awmKo …i …e mKofadi … …e wKvet. u _ …i …e _ …a Turmeob. …i …e

lSx. awmKo u …e mKofadi … … wKvet. u _ …i …e Turmeob. …‹ …e mKofadis formebSi gvaqvs reducirebuli ………… ← uuuu. b) balszemouris moqmedebiTi gvaris awmKos formebSi ˆ̂̂̂ º iiii,

balsqvemoursa da lentexurSi iiii, laSxurSi ˆ̂̂̂ gaxmovanebiT; vnebiTis formebSi Kvela dialeqtis mixedviT eeee. wKvetilis e. w. orTa for-mebSi ˆ̂̂̂, xolo xuTTa formebSi iiii. mag.:

1 mTavar formebad miviCnieT iseTi mwkrivebi, sadac xdeba fuZiseuli xmovnis

cvaleba, da es ukanasknelni danarCenisaTvis saKrdens warmoadgens.


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bz. moqm. gˆ̂̂̂l-e º giiiil-e, bq. lnt. giiiil-e; lSx. gˆ̂̂̂l-e `gleJs~, vneb. zs. lSx. geeeel-n-i; lnt. geeeel-en-i ìgliJeba~, dialeqt. `gJeba~. wKvet.: o-gˆ̂̂̂l `davgliJe~, a-giiiil `dagliJa~.

am qveJgufSi warmoebisda mixedviT erTianeba fuZedrekadebi: dˆ̂̂̂g-e º diiiig-e àqrobs~, deeeeg-n-i `qreba~; kˆ̂̂̂d-e º k‹‹‹‹d-e `{amo}wKvets~, keeeed-n-i `wKdeba~; pˆ̂̂̂r-e º piiiir-e `{a}afrens~, peeeer-n-i `frindeba~; tKˆ̂̂̂c-e º tKiiiic-e àrGvevs~, tKeeeec-n-i ìrGveva~; tˆ̂̂̂x-e º tiiiix-e àbrunebs~, teeeex-n-i `brundeba~, fˆ̂̂̂Sg-e º fiiiiSg-e xsnis, feeeeSg-n-i ìxsneba~, fxˆ̂̂̂j-e º fxiiiij-e `Slis~, fxeeeej-n-i ìSleba~; fxˆ̂̂̂r-e º fxiiiir-e àxels~, fxeeeer-n-i ìxileba~, qˆ̂̂̂x-e º qiiiix-e `{ga}swevs~, qeeeex-n-i ìweva~; Sdˆ̂̂̂x-e º Sdiiiix-e àm-Tavrebs~, Sdeeeex-n-i `mTavrdeba~; Sxˆ̂̂̂r-e º Sxiiiir-e àpobs~, Sxeeeer-n-i ìpoba~, ceeeel-e º ciiiil-e `fxrews~, ceeeel-n-i ìfxriweba~; cxˆ̂̂̂p-e º cxiiiip-e `naskvavs~, cxeeeep-n-i ìnaskveba~, xˆ̂̂̂p-e º xiiiip-e `xeTqs~, xeeeep-n-i `skdeba~, ƒˆ̂̂̂C-e º ƒiiiiC-e `cveTs~, ƒeeeeC-n-i `cvdeba~; Cxˆ̂̂̂f-e º Cxiiiif-e àsustebs, ax-dunebs~, Cxeeeef-n-i `xdeba~, Txˆ̂̂̂r-e º Txiiiir-e xvrets, Txeeeer-n-i ìxvrite-ba~, Txˆ̂̂̂S-e º TxiiiiS-e `{Ca}Slis~, TxeeeeS-n-i {Ca}iSleba~; da sxv.

b) qveJgufis zmnebSi ablautis safexurebi dialeqtebisa da warmoebis mixedviT Semdegnairad aris ganawilebuli.

moqm.: vneb.: bz. awmKo i e mKofadi Ø Ø wKvet. ˆ _ i … _ � Turmeob. ‹ e bq. awmKo i e mKofadi Ø Ø wKvet. ˆ _ i e _ � Turmeob. i e lSx. awmKo ˆ e mKofadi Ø Ø wKvet. ˆ _ i e _ a Turmeob. ‹ e lnt. awmKo i e mKofadi Ø Ø wKvet. u _ ˆ _ i e _ � Turmeob. i e

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g) bz-is moqmedebiTi awmKos formebSi aqvT ˆ̂̂̂/iiii, xolo vnebiTSi ˆ̂̂̂ gaxmovaneba, bq- da lnt-Si moqm. iiii, vnebiTSi ˆ̂̂̂; lSx-Si moq-Si iiii, vnebiTis formebSi ˆ̂̂̂. mag.: bz. Sˆ̂̂̂d-e º Siiiid-e `Kris~, Sˆ̂̂̂d-n-i ìKreba~; bq. Siiiid-e Sˆ̂̂̂d-n-i; lSx. Sˆ̂̂̂d-e, Sˆ̂̂̂d-n-i; lnt. Siiiid-e, Sˆ̂̂̂d-en-i.

bz. bˆ̂̂̂d-e º biiiid-e `Gvris~, bˆ̂̂̂d-n-i ìGvreba~; bq. biiiid-e, bˆ̂̂̂d-n-i; lSx. beeeed-e, bˆ̂̂̂d-n-i; lnt. biiiid-e, bˆ̂̂̂d-en-i.

wKvetili: obˆ̂̂̂d `davGvare~; abiiiid `daGvara~, abïdda `daiGvara~; oSˆ̂̂̂d `davKare~, aSiiiid `daKara~, aSïdda `daiKara~.

es qveJgufi imiT gansxvavdeba winasgan, rom moqmedebiTis for-mebSi daCndeba ˆ̂̂̂/iiii, xolo vnebiTSi ˆ̂̂̂ (da ara eeee, rogorc es wina qveJ-gufSi gvaqvs).

am qveJgufis fuZedrekadTa bz-isa da laSxuris moqmedebiTis formebis fuZeSi gvaqvs uuuu/iiii, xolo vnebiTisaSi _ eeee xmovani, gansxva-vebiT a) qveJgufis zmnebisa, sadac moqmedebiTis uuuu/…i…i…i…i-s vnebiTSi See-sabameba …e…e…e…e kompleqsi.

awawawawmKos formebimKos formebimKos formebimKos formebi: d) bz.: buuuuƒ…-e º biiiiƒ…-e àpobs SuaSi~, beeeeƒ…-n-i ìpoba~; ruuuuG…-e

º riiiiG…-e `xeTqavs~, reeeeG…-n-i ìxeTqeba~; fuuuuSd-e º fiiiiSd…e ùSvebs~, feeeeSd…-n-i `gaiSveba~; bq. biiiiƒ…-e beeeeƒ…-n-i; lSx. buuuuƒ…e, beeeeƒ…n-i; lnt. biiiiƒ…-e, beeeeƒ…-en-i; bz. fuuuuSd-e º fiiiiSd…-e ùSvebs~, feeeeSd…-n-i ìSveba~, bq. fiiiiSd…-e `feeeeSd…-n-i~, lSx. fuuuuSt-e feeeeSt…-n-i, lnt. fuuuuSt-e feeeeSt…-en-i. wKvewKvewKvewKvetitititilililili: bz. moqm. obuuuuƒ… `gavxliCe~ abiiiiƒ… `gaxliCa~, vneb.: ob…………ƒ `gavixliCe~; bq. moqm. obuuuuƒ…, abiiiiƒ…; ab��ƒ…; lSx. obuuuuƒ…, abiiiiƒ…, lnt. obeeeeƒ…, abaaaaƒ…; bz. moq. of…………{Sd} `gavuSvi~ afiiiiSd… `gauS-va~, ofSd… `gaveSvi~ àf��Sd…~ `gaiSva~. bq. lSx. ofuuuuSd, afiiiiSd…, ofeeeeSd…, afaaaaSd…; lnt. ofuuuuSt, afiiiiSt…, ofeeeeSt…, af��St…;

balszemouri dialeqtis fuZedrekadTa moqmedebiTi gvaris awmKoSi gvaqvs rogorc uuuu srulxmovniani, aseve …i…i…i…i kompleqsiani ga-xmovanebis mqone Zireuli morfemebi, romlebic Tavisuflad monacv-leoben; laSxurSi gvaqvs mxolod uuuu, xolo balsqvemoursa da lente-xurSi _ …i…i…i…i). vnebiTis formebSi Kvela dialeqtSi gvaqvs …e…e…e…e kom-pleqsi.

moqmedebiTSi dialeqtebis mixedviT aseTi mravalferovneba Se-uZlebelia avxsnaT umlautis ukve dadgenili wesebiT, radganac uuuu-s umlautis Sedegad …i…i…i…i rom miviGoT, sayiroa momdevno xmovani _ iiii an eeee iKos reducirebuli.

m. qaldanis azriTac am zmnaTa …i…i…i…i ar aris uuuu-s naumlautari, radaganac am kompleqsis iiii, xan eeee-s saxiT gvevlineba, xan aaaa-s saxiT


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(T…………ife `kargavs~, T…………efni ìkargeba~, aTuuuu�f `dakarga~). mecnieri va-raudobs, rom am zmnaTa …i…i…i…i difTongi damoukideblad arsebobda svanurSi da mas ùuuu-s naumlautar …i…i…i…i-sTan geneturi kavSiri ar hqonda~ (qaldani, 1969, 149).

rac Seexeba ablautur (uuuu/…i…i…i…i _ …e…e…e…e) monacvleobas, uuuu-s umlau-tis Sedegad (garkveul fonetikur garemocvaSi) unda migveGo …i…i…i…i kompleqsi da ara …e…e…e…e. marTalia, zemoT ganxiluli monacvleobebis-Tvis sinqroniuli TvalsazrisiT fonologiuri motivaciis misadage-ba Znelia, magram Tu gadavxedavT sxva monaTesave enebis monacemebs, vnaxavT, rom qarTuli enis ganviTarebis garkveul etapze SesaZlebe-li iKo uuuu xmovanTan …e…e…e…e da …i…i…i…i kompleqsebis Canacvleba. a. arabuli Tavis wignSi `zmnuri da saxeluri fuZeTqmnadobis problema qar-Tvelur enebSi~, Sesabamis ilustraciebze daKrdnobiT, daaskvnis, rom `...radganac SesaZlebelia uuuu xmovanTan …e…e…e…e/…i…i…i…i kompleqsebis ur-TierTCanacvleba, rogorc Cans, SeuZlebeli ar aris, es movlena er-Tsa da imave fuZeSic aGmoCndes ganxorcielebuli (arabuli 2001, 155).

rac Seexeba iiii/ˆ̂̂̂ _ eeee monacvleobas, saerTod svanurSi …i…i…i…i da …e…e…e…e kompleqsebis delabializacia Cveulebrivi movlenaa, magram ra-tom ar moxda maSin Kvelgan delabializacia da ratom darCa bge-raTkompleqsebis saxiT mTel rig zmnebSi, Zneli saTqmelia.

v. Tofuria fuZedrekadebis zmnaTa fuZeSi ˆ̂̂̂-s varaudobs laS-xuris formebze daKrdnobiT `...sadac droTa I da II JgufSi Kovel-Tvis -ˆ̂̂̂- gvevlineba (tˆ̂̂̂xe àbrunebs~, tˆ̂̂̂x-a àbrunebda~, tˆ̂̂̂xdes àb-runebdes~, antˆ̂̂̂x `moabrune~, antˆ̂̂̂xas `moabrunos~ (Tofuria 1967, 151). Tumca mecnieri sakiTxs bolos mainc Giad tovebs: `-iiii- vigu-lisxmoT fuZeSi Tu -ˆ-? gadayrils pasuxs JerJerobiT ver viZle-viT~. (iqve, 152).

calke unda aGvniSnoT mKofadis formebi, sadac prefiqs-su-fiqsebis darTvis Sedegad xdeba reduqcia, da …i…i…i…i, …e…e…e…e kompleqsebis adgilas gvaqvs …………, xolo iiii da eeee xmovnebis magivrad Ø. unda SevniS-noT, rom TurmeobiTis formebSi, sadac xmovanprefiqsebi uSualod ar erTvis Zireul morfemebs, ar xdeba reduqcia (a-m-T…if-a `dami-kargavs~ o-T-T…if-a `daukargavs~ da sxv.).

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papapapararararadigdigdigdigmemememebibibibi:

moqm. mx. bzbzbzbz. vneb.

awmKo: I. Tuuuuf-e º T…………iiiif-e `vkargav~ T…………eeeef-n-i `vikargebi~ II. Tuuuuf-e º T…………iiiif-e T…………eeeef-n-i III. Tuuuuf-e º T…………iiiif-e T…………eeeef-n-i

mr. I. Tuuuuf-e-d º T…………iiiif-e-d T…………eeeef-n-i-d II. Tuuuuf-e-d º T…………iiiif-e-d T…………eeeef-n-i-d III. Tuuuuf-e-d º T…………iiiif-e-d T…………eeeef-n-i-x

mKofadi

mx. o-T…………f-e ̀ davkargav~ o-T…………f-en-i `davikargebi~

�-T…………f-e �-T…………f-en-i �-T…………f-e a-T…………f-en-i

mr. o-T…………f-e-d o-T…………f-en-i-d �-T…………f-e-d �-T…………f-en-i-d �-T…………f-e-x �-T…………f-en-i-x

wKvetili: o-Tuuuuf davkarge~ �-T…………f `davikarge~ a-Tuuuuf �-T…………f a-T…………if �-Tuuuu�f

o-T…………if-d o-T…………�f-d a-T…………if-d a-T…………�f-d a-T…………if-x a-T…………�f-x

Turm. a-m-T…………‹f-a `damikargavs~ �-m-T…………ef-x…i `dakargulvar~

a-J-T…………‹f-a �-m-T…………ef-xi o-T-T…………if-a �-m-T…………ef-li

�-g…………-T…‹f-a �-m-T…………ef-el-x…id �-J-T…………‹f-a-x �-m-T…………ef-el-xid �-T-T…………‹f-a-x �-m-T…………ef-el-lix

bqbqbqbq.

awmKo: moqm. vneb.

T…………if-e T…………ef-n-i



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T…………if-e-d T…………ef-n-id

T…………if-e-d T…………ef-n-id

T…………if-e-d T…………ef-n-i-x

mKof.: moqm. vneb.

o-T…………f-e o-T…………f-en-i

e-T…………f-e e-T…………f-en-i

e-T…………f-e e-T…………f-en-i

o-T…………f-e-d o-T…………f-en-i-d

e-T…………f-e-d e-T…………f-en-i-d

e-T…………f-e-x e-T…………f-en-i-x

wKvet.: o-Tuuuuf o-T…………ef

a-Tuuuuf a-T…………eeeef

a-T…………if a-T…………aaaaf

o-T…………iiiif-d o-T…………aaaaf-d

a-T…………iiiif-d a-T…………aaaaf-d

a-T…………iiiif-x a-T…………aaaaf-x

Turm.: e-m-T…………iiiif-a o-m-T…………eeeef-el-x…i

e-J-T…i…i…i…if-a o-m-T…e…e…e…ef-el-xi

o-T-T…i…i…i…if-a o-m-T…e…e…e…ef-el-li

o-g-T…i…i…i…if-a o-m-T…e…e…e…ef-el-x…id

e-J-T…i…i…i…if-a o-m-T…e…e…e…ef-el-xi-d

o-T-T…i…i…i…if-a-x o-m-T…e…e…e…ef-el-li-x

lSxlSxlSxlSx. ColColColCol.

awmK.: Tuuuuf-e T…e…e…e…ef-n-i

Tuuuuf-e T…e…e…e…ef-n-i

Tuuuuf-e T…e…e…e…ef-n-i

Tuuuuf-e-d T…e…e…e…ef-n-i-d

Tuuuuf-e-d T…e…e…e…ef-n-i-d

Tuuuuf-e-x T…e…e…e…ef-n-i-x

r . y k a d u a

276

mKof.: o-T…………f-e o-T…………f-en-i

a-T…………f-e a-T…………f-en-i

a-T…………f-e a-T…………f-en-i

o-T…………f-e-d o-T…………f-en-i-d

a-T…………f-e-d a-T…………f-en-i-d

a-T…………f-e-x a-T…………f-en-i-x

wKvet.: o-Tuuuuf o-T…e…e…e…ef

a-Tuuuuf a-T…e…e…e…ef


o-T…i…i…i…if-d o-T…a…a…a…af-d

a-T…i…i…i…if-d a-T…a…a…a…af-d

a-T…i…i…i…if-x a-T…a…a…a…af-x

Turm.: e-m-T…‹…‹…‹…‹f-a e-m-T…e…e…e…ef-Šl-x…i

e-J-T…‹…‹…‹…‹f-a e-m-T…e…e…e…ef-Šl-xi

o-T-T…‹…‹…‹…‹f-a e-m-T…e…e…e…ef-Šl-li

o-g-T…‹…‹…‹…‹f-a e-m-T…e…e…e…ef-Šl-x…id

e-J-T…‹…‹…‹…‹f-a-x e-m-T…e…e…e…ef-Šl-xid

o-T-T…‹…‹…‹…‹f-a-x e-m-T…e…e…e…ef-Šl-li-x

lntlntlntlnt.

awmKo: T…i…i…i…if-e T…e…e…e…ef-en-i[x…i]

T…i…i…i…if-e T…e…e…e…ef-en-i{xi}

T…i…i…i…if-e T…e…e…e…ef-en-i

T…i…i…i…if-e-d T…e…e…e…ef-en-i-d

T…i…i…i…if-e-d T…e…e…e…ef-en-i-d

T…i…i…i…if-e-x T…e…e…e…ef-en-i-x

mKof.: �-T…………f-e a-T…………eeeef-en-i

�-T…………f-e{xi} a-T…e…e…e…ef-en-i{xi}

�-T…………f-e a-T…e…e…e…ef-en-i

�-T…………f-e-d �-T…e…e…e…ef-en-i-d

�-T…………f-e-d �-T…e…e…e…ef-en-i-d

�-T…………f-e-d �-T…e…e…e…ef-en-i-x

wKvet.: a-Tuuuuf �-T…e…e…e…ef

a-T…i…i…i…if �-T…e…e…e…ef


277


a-T…i…i…i…if-d a-T…�…�…�…�f-d

a-T…i…i…i…if-d a-T…�…�…�…�f-d

a-T…i…i…i…if-x a-T…�…�…�…�f-x

Turm.: a-m-T…………if-a �-m-e-T…e…e…e…ef-el-x…i

a-J-T…i…i…i…if-a �-m-e-T…e…e…e…ef-el-xi

a-T-o-T…i…i…i…if-a �-m-e-T…e…e…e…ef-el-li

a-g…-T…i…i…i…if-a �-m-e-T…e…e…e…ef-el-i-d

a-J-T…i…i…i…if-a �-m-e-T…e…e…e…ef-el-i-d

a-T-o-T…i…i…i…if-a-x �-m-e-T…e…e…e…ef-el-i-x

bzbzbzbz. bqbqbqbq.

moqm. vneb. moqm. vneb. awmKo: d…i…i…i…ig-e d…e…e…e…eg-n-i d…i…i…i…ig-e d…e…e…e…eg-n-i

diiiig-e deeeeg-n-i diiiig-e deeeeg-n-i diiiig-e deeeeg-n-i diiiig-e deeeeg-n-i

d…i…i…i…ig-e-d d…e…e…e…eg-n-i-d d…i…i…i…ig-e-d d…i…i…i…ig-n-i-d diiiig-e-d deeeeg-n-i-d diiiig-e-d deeeeg-n-i-d diiiig-e-x deeeeg-n-i-x diiiig-e-x deeeeg-n-i-x

mKof.: o-dg-e o-dg-en-Œl o-dg-e o-dg-en-i �-dg-e �-dg-en-Œl e-dg-e e-dg-en-i �-dg-e �-dg-en-Œl e-dg-e e-dg-en-i

o-dg-e-d o-dg-en-Œl-d o-dg-e-d o-dg-en-i-d �-dg-e-d �-dg-en-Œl-d e-dg-e-d e-dg-en-i-d �-dg-e-d �-dg-en-Œl-x e-dg-e-x e-dg-en-i-x

wKvet.: o-dˆ̂̂̂g �-d…………g o-dˆ̂̂̂g o-deeeeg a-dˆ̂̂̂g �-dg a-dˆ̂̂̂g a-deeeeg a-diiiig a-d��g a-diiiig a-d��g-x

o-diiiig-d o-d��g-d o-diiiig-d o-d��g-d a-diiiig-d a-d��g-d a-diiiig-d a-d��g-d a-diiiig-x a-d��g-x a-diiiig-x a-d��g-x

Turm. o-dˆ̂̂̂g-a o-deeeeg e-g-diiiig-a o-g-deeeeg-el-x…i a-dˆ̂̂̂g-a a-deeeeg e-J-diiiig-a o-g-deeeeg-el-xi

r . y k a d u a

278

a-dˆ̂̂̂g-a-s a-deeeeg-s oT-diiiig-a o-g-deeeeg-el-li

o-deeeeg-a-d o-deeeeg-d o-g…-diiiig-a o-g-deeeeg-el-x…i a-deeeeg-a-d a-deeeeg-d o-J-diiiig-a o-g-deeeeg-el-xid a-deeeeg-a-x a-deeeeg-x oT-diiiig-a o-g-deeeeg-el-li-x lSlSlSlSxxxx. moqm. vneb. lntlntlntlnt.

awmKo: dˆ̂̂̂g-e deeeeg-n-i d…i…i…i…ig-e d…e…e…e…eg-en-i dˆ̂̂̂g-e deeeeg-n-i diiiig-e deeeeg-en-i dˆ̂̂̂g-e deeeeg-n-i diiiig-e deeeeg-en-i

dˆ̂̂̂g-e-d deeeeg-n-id d…i…i…i…ig-e-d d…e…e…e…eg-en-i dˆ̂̂̂g-e-d deeeeg-n-i-d diiiig-e-d deeeeg-en-i dˆ̂̂̂g-e-x deeeeg-n-i-x diiiig-e-x deeeeg-en-i-d

mKof.: o-dg-e o-dg-en-i �-d…g-e �-d…e…e…e…eg-en-i a-dg-e a-dg-en-i �-dg-e �-deeeeg-en-i a-dg-e a-dg-en-i �-dg-e �-deeeeg-en-i

o-dg-e-d o-dg-en-i-d �-d…g-e-d �-d…e…e…e…eg-en-i-d a-dg-e-d a-dg-en-i-d �-dg-e-d �-deeeeg-en-i-d a-dg-e-x a-dg-en-i-x �-dg-e-d �-deeeeg-en-i-x

wKvet.: o-dˆ̂̂̂g o-deeeeg a-dug �-d…eeeeg

a-dˆ̂̂̂g a-deeeeg a-dˆ̂̂̂g �-deeeeg a-dˆ̂̂̂g a-deeeeg a-diiiig �-d��g

o-diiiig-d o-daaaag-d a-d…i…i…i…ig-d a-d…��g-d a-diiiig-d a-daaaag-d �-diiiig-d a-d��g-d a-diiiig-x a-daaaag-x a-diiiig-x a-d��g-x

Turm. e-g-d‹‹‹‹g-a e-m-deeeeg-Šl-x…i a-m-diiiig-a a-mqdeeeeg-el-x…i e-J-d‹‹‹‹g-a e-m-deeeeg-Šl-xi a-J-diiiig-a a-mqdeeeeg-el-xi o-T-d‹‹‹‹g-a e-m-deeeeg-Šl-li a-T-o-diiiig-a a-mqdeeeeg-el-li

o-g…-d‹‹‹‹g-a e-g-deeeeg-Šl-x…i-d a-g…-diiiig-a a-m-e-deeeeg-el-x…i e-J-d‹‹‹‹g-a e-g-deeeeg-Šl-xi a-J-diiiig-a a-m-e-deeeeg-el-xi o-T-d‹‹‹‹g-a e-g-deeeeg-Šl-li a-T-o-diiiig-a-x a-m-e-deeeeg-el-li

miuxedavad imisa, rom svanuris fuZedrekad zmnaTa formebSi xmovanmonacvleoba sinqroniul doneze sistemur xasiaTs atarebs da garkveuli stabiluri Jgufebic gamoiKofa, am movlenis (ablautis)


279

fonologiuri motivaciis mosaZebnad, sayiroa agreTve saxeluri ab-lautis gamowvlilviT Seswavla da kilokavuri masalis gaTvaliswi-nebac, radganac kilokavebSi ramdenadme gansxvavebuli suraTi gvaqvs.


araaraaraarabubububulililili 2001200120012001 _ a. arabuli, zmnuri da saxeluri fuZeTqmna-

dobis problema qarTvelur enebSi, Tb., 2001. gamKregamKregamKregamKrelilililiZeZeZeZe, mamamamayayayayavavavavaririririaaaanininini 1965196519651965 _ T. gamKreliZe, g. mayavariani,

sonantTa sistema da ablauti qarTvelur enebSi, Tb., 1965. ToToToTofufufufuriariariaria 1979197919791979 _ v. Tofuria, reduqciisaTvis qarTvelur

enebSi, Sromebi III, Tb., 1979. ToToToTofufufufuriariariaria 1967196719671967 _ v. Tofuria, svanuri ena I, zmna, Tb., 1967. qalqalqalqaldadadadanininini 1969196919691969 _ m. qaldani, svanuri enis fonetika, Tb., 1969. qurqurqurqurdadadadaZeZeZeZe 2005200520052005 _ r. qurdaZe, xmovanmonacvle zmnebi Tanamed-

rove qarTulSi, Tb., 2005. CaCaCaCantlantlantlantlaZeZeZeZe 2000200020002000 _ i. CantlaZe, winasitKvaoba, v. Tofuria, m.

qaldani, svanuri leqsikoni, Tb., 2000.

Roena Tchkadua

Towards the Distribution of Ablautive Stages in the Forms of Root-Ablautive Svan Verbs

S u m m a r y

Formation of root-ablautive verbs is considered to be a model of functional

vowel-changing (resp. ablaut). The vowel-changing verbs, which differ active and passive forms from each other through an inner inflexion are distinguished as a sepa-rate group in Svan. In the verbs of this type an ablaut is considered as a redundant morphological marker.

In a scientific literature i/e alternation is payed attention, but in Svan dialects several sub-groups of root ablautive verbs are distinguished, in which sound-com-plexes and other vowels alternate; e. g.: act. u/ûûûûi – pass. ûûûûe; act. ǩǩǩǩ/nnnn – pass. e; act. ǩǩǩǩ/i – pass. ǩǩǩǩ; act. u/ûûûû – pass. e.

To define a phonetic surrounging of the above mentioned vowel-changing is not possible in most cases.

qaqaqaqaÒÈÅÄËÖÒÒÈÅÄËÖÒÒÈÅÄËÖÒÒÈÅÄËÖÒ ÄÍÄÍÄÍÄÍaaaaÈÈÈÈa a a a ÓÔÒÖÓÔÒÖÓÔÒÖÓÔÒÖqqqqÔÖÒÉÓÔÖÒÉÓÔÖÒÉÓÔÖÒÉÓ ÓÓÓÓaaaaÊÉÈáÄÊÉÈáÄÊÉÈáÄÊÉÈáÄ��ÉÉÉÉ. . . . X . . . . 2009200920092009

nino yumburiZenino yumburiZenino yumburiZenino yumburiZe

uqonloba-uarKofis mawarmoeblebi qarTuli enis ganviTarebis sxvadasxva etapze

uqonlobis, uarKofis gamosaxatavad qarTulSi, rogorc cno-

bilia, gamoiKeneba u- prefiqsi, u _ o, u _ ur || u _ ul, u _ ar konfiqsebi da ara-, ar-, vera-, ver-, nu- nawilakebi. mkvlevarTa az-riT, u- prefiqsi uqonlobis, uarKofis gamomxatveli uZvelesi for-mantia, konfiqsebSi Semaval sufiqsebs ki uqonlobis semantika mo-gvianebiT daukavSirda, mas Semdeg, rac maTi Tavdapirveli funqcia miiCqmala (b. JorbenaZe, 1984, m. tuskia, 2004).

uqonlobis gamomxatveli afiqsebi maTi ganawilebisa Tu ga-vrcelebulobis TavalsazrisiT qarTuli saliteraturo enis ganvi-Tarebis sxvadasxva etapze gansxvavebulad warmogvidgeba, Tumca rai-me arsebiTi cvlileba am mxriv ar momxdara.

Tanamedrove qarTulSi odenprefiqsuli warmoeba mxolod ramdenime saxelSi gvxvdeba: u-ricxv-i, u-srul-i. prefiqsiT nawarmo-eb saxelebs SeiZleba mivakuTvnoT agreTve o-ze daboloebuli ramo-denime saxelic: u-Sno, u-Gvino, u-samSoblo, u-saxelo (kaba), u-Tav-bolo, Tu ar CavTvliT, rom aq fuZiseuli o aris mokvecili; Sdr.: u-dro-o, u-alo-o, romlebSic warmodgenilia fuZiseuli o-c da su-fiqsic.

martooden u- TavsarTiT uqonloba-uarKofis gamoxatvis Se-mTxvevebi cotaa Zvel qarTulSic (u-zom-i, u-Zil-i, u-zav-i...), Tumca mxolod u- gvxvdeba nawarmoeb fuZeebTanac: u-nawil-i, u-nivTier-i, u-lmobier-i.

xSiria mxolod u- prefiqsis gamoKeneba uarKofiTi mimGeobe-bis warmoebisas. maTi xvedriTi wili Zvel qarTulSi bevrad metia, vidre axal qarTulSi: u-deb-i, u-Guaw-i, u-ƒed-i, u-ym-i, u-mwK-i, u-zueb-i, u-val-i... Tanamedrove qarTulSi amgvari warmoebis formebi-dan SemogvrCa: u-cnob-i, u-vic-i, u-naxav-i, u-tKv-i, u-msgavs-i, u-Girs-i, u-xams-i... ZiriTadad ki fuZe garTulebulia mimGeobis mawarmoe-

uqonloba-uarKofis mawarmoeblebi qarTuli enis ganviTarebis...

281

beli -el, -ar sufiqsebiT: da-u-wer-el-i, ga-u-keT-eb-el-i, ga-u-Txov-ar-i, a-u-tkiv-ar-i...

Zvel qarTulSi martivfuZiani uarKofiTi mimGeobebi axal qarTulSi mimGeobis mawarmoebeli sufiqsiT gaformda: u-SiS-i _ uSiS-ar-i, u-eyu-i _ u-eyu-el-i, u-zav-i _ da-u-zaveb-el-i, u-rid-i _ mo-u-rideb-el-i...

es cvlileba, cxadia, erTbaSad ar momxdara da Zvel qarTul saliteraturo ZeglebSi erTmaneTis paralelurad dasturdeba mar-tivfuZiani da sufiqsiT garTulebuli uarKofiTi mimGeobebi.

u-urav-i: Tavi Seni udars hKo da uurav. m. cx. 362 v. u-urv-el-i: numca xarT... locvasa Tualdawuxvil da mZinare,

viTarca warmarTni uurvelni. m. sw. 271, 8. u-qm-i: sulsa uqmTasa hSiodis 0, ig. sol. 19, 15. u-qm-ar-i: rajams daSures igi, warvides uqmarni Ath-11, 26v. sxvadasxva warmoebis saxelebs Soris zogJer semantikuri sxvao-

ba gvaqvs: u-Sur-i (uxvi) : amas daugo yamadi uSuri. udabn. mravalT.

73v-10-11b. u-Surv-el-i (Suris gareSe): saxnier arian yeSmaritad da

uSurvel. var. 810. u-eyu-i (sando): uSiSsa mas ra� da ueyusa SegiKvanos ler. 6 5v

13-15b. u-eyu-ar-i (darwmunebuli): me ueyuar viKo. pavl. epist. 177r 4. u-eyu-el-i (eyvis gareSe): mied maT Tana ueyuelad a, saq.

moc. 11, 12. zogi oden u- prefiqsiani saxeli Tanamedrove qarTulSi u _

o konfiqsiani gaxda: u-zom-i _ u-zom-o, u-zav-i _ u-zav-o. Zvel qarTulSi u _ o mawarmoebeli daerTvoda agreTve Semdeg mimGeo-bur formebs: u-Tmin-o, u-nd-o, u-Cin-o, u-wKin-o, u-rwmun-o, u-rcxvin-o, u-qon-o, u-Jer-o... romlebic SemdgomSi mimGeobis mawarmo-ebel sufiqsebsac dairTaven.

u _ o konfiqsi uqonlobis mawarmoebelTagan saxelur fuZeeb-Si Kvelaze gavrcelebulia. Tanamedrove qarTulSi am konfiqsiT iwarmoeba Kovelgvari saxelis fuZe, rogorc martivi, ise nawarmoebi da Txzuli, agreTve nawilakebi da Tandebulebi (u-wign-o, u-ded-o, u-lamaz-o, u-dav-o, u-sasKidl-o, u-Tanaswor-o, u-Cem-o, u-Tu-o, u-ebr-o...). u _ o konfiqsiT Zvel qarTulSi nawarmoebia saxeluri fuZeebi (u-asak-o, u-aG‚r-o, u-bad-o, u-biw-o, u-bral-o, u-gz-o, u-ginc-o), nacvalsaxelis fuZe (u-maT-o-d). zedsarTavi saxelebis fuZe-

n . y u m b u r i Z e

282

ebi: u-did-o, u-borot-o, u-magr-o, u-muxTl-o, u-ƒSir-o, u-Smag-o, u-Tamam-o... u _ o mawarmoebeli daerTvis rogorc martiv fuZeebs, ise nawarmoebs da Txzuls: u-meuf-o, u-monageb-o, u-sazom-o, u-sazGvr-o, u-ƒelovn-o, u-winamZGvr-o...

axal qarTulSi u _ o konfiqsi daerTvis sintagmebsac: u-Ci-tisrZe-o-d, u-bavSvTabaG-o-d, amgvar formebs sagangebod ganixilavs m. suxiSvili da aGniSnavs, rom am SemTxvevebSi mTeli gamoTqma erT erTeulad aris miCneuli (m. suxiSvili, 1984, 180). amosavali fuZe SeiZleba samSemadgenlianic iKos: uimnatifxmod (g. doC.), umagSen-Tvalod (v. kot.).

unda aGiniSnos, rom, aseTi garvcelebulobis miuxedavad, axal qarTulSi Semcirda u _ o konfiqsiani zedsarTavi saxelebis gamo-Keneba. Zvel qarTulSi arsebuli formebi: u-did-o, u-magr-o, u-berw-o, u-Smag-o, u-xSir-o, u-Tamam-o, u-muxTl-o, u-cxad-o, u-mtkic-o... axal qarTulSi aGar gamoiKeneba. ratom aGar gvxvdeba Tanamed-rove qarTulSi aseTi formebi? Cveni azriT, es gamowveuli unda iKos imiT, rom axal qarTulSi Zalian gavrcelda ara- nawilakiani formebi: araswori, arawminda, araJansaGi, aranormaluri, aradamaJe-rebeli, aradamakmaKofilebeli, arabunebrivi, araadamianuri da a. S.

garkveuli mniSvneloba aqvs imasac, rom zedsarTav saxelebs an-tonimuri mniSvnelobiT damoukidebeli formebi enacvlebaT: didi _ patara, magari _ rbili, xSiri _ iSviaTi, Tamami _ morcxvi da a. S. rac Seexeba ara-nawilakian uarKofiT formebs, cnobilia, rom aseTi zedsarTavebi Tanamedrove qarTulSi bevrad metia, vidre Zvel qar-TulSi gvqonda, gansakuTrebiT inergeba aseTi warmoeba samecniero da teqnikur terminologiaSi (l. geleniZe, 1984). maT gaaqtiurebas, rogorc Cans, xeli SeuwKo sxva enis, kerZod, rusulis gavlenam.

Zalze iSviaTad gvxvdeba Zvel qarTulSi u _ ar konfiqsiani saxelebi: u-SiS-ar-i, u-Cum-ar-i (a. kiziria, 1984, 153), u-eyu-ar-i, u-w‚m-ar-i (z. sarJvelaZe, 2004, 182).

rac Seexeba uqonlobis mawarmoebel u _ ur konfiqss, a. Sani-Zis azriT, igi u _ o mawarmoebelze ufro Zvelia, magram am warmo-ebis magaliTebidan mxolod naSTia moGweuli (a. SaniZe, 1980, 126). u _ ur konfiqsiani formebi, romlebic axal qarTulSi dasturde-ba, Zveli qarTulidan aris SemorCenili.

u _ ur (r Tanxmovnian fuZeebSi u _ ul) konfiqsis gamoKene-ba Zvel qarTulSi xSiria: u-gun-ur-i, u-ƒam-ur-i, u-sax-ur-i, u-rwK-ul-i, u-zuer-ul-i, u-wver-ul-i... zogJer erTsa da imave fuZesTan

uqonloba-uarKofis mawarmoeblebi qarTuli enis ganviTarebis...

283

gvxvdeba u _ ur mawarmoebelic da u _ o-c: u-ƒaml-o || u-ƒam-ur-i, u-Ze-o || u-Ze-ur-i...

erTsa da imave fuZesTan sxvadasxva mawarmoeblis darTvisas xSirad gvaqvs semantikuri sxvaoba:

u-saso (uimedo): mis gamo usaso iqmna cnobasa meorisasa. bal. 67, 7. u-sus-ur-i (susti, uZluri): romel-igi ususur da daƒsnil

arn gonebiTa. oqr.-marx. da ion. 103, 3. u-sax-o (uformo): saxed iTqumis saxemKofeli usaxoTa. A 684 15v. u-sax-ur-i (ulamazo, urCi, Tavisneba): xolo ukueTu same da-

xudes calTuali... anu mylY da usaxuri igi. m. cx. 245v. u-fskr-o (uZiro, ufskero): STasdebda igi godorsa Sina uf-

skrosa. Ath.17, 273r. u-fskr-ul-i (uZiro, siGrme, qveskneli): siGrmesaca ufskrul-

Tasa dainTqa da warwKmda. flkt. 158, 17. msgavsi magaliTebia: u-bed-o / u-bed-ur-i, u-gon-o / u-gn-ur-i,

u-dabn-o / u-dab-ur-i, u-Zal-o / u-Zl-ur-i... paraleluri formebis Sedareba gviCvenebs, rom -ur sufiqsian

uqonlobis saxelebSi am sufiqsis ZiriTadi mniSvneloba (aGniSnos Tviseba saTanado saganTan mimarTebiT) iCens Tavs (n. lolaZe, 1983).

semantikurad gansxvavebuli niuansis arsebobam am formebs So-ris udaod xeli SeuwKo orive variantis SenarCunebas enaSi.

lilililiteteteterarararatutututurararara l. geleniZe, 1984 _ l. geleniZe, ar/ara- nawilakiani saxelebi qar-

TulSi. qarTuli sitKvis kulturis sakiTxebi, wigni meeqvse, Tb., 1984. a. kiziria, 1974 _ a. kiziria, qarTuli ena, praqtikumi, Tb., 1984. n. lolaZe, 1983 _ n. lolaZe, warmoqmnil saxelTa konfiqsuri

warmoebisaTvis qarTulSi, enaTmecnierebis institutis aspirantTa da axalgazrda mecniermuSakTa samecniero konferencia, Tb., 1983.

z. sarJvelaZe, 2004 _ z. sarJvelaZe, Zveli qarTuli ena, Tb., 2004. m. suxiSvili, 1984 _ m. suxiSvili, orSemdagenliani uarKofi-

Ti zedsarTavi saxelebisa da zmnisarTebis warmoeba Tanamedrove sa-literaturo qarTulSi, qarTuli sitKvis kulturis sakiTxebi, wig-ni meeqvse, Tb., 1984.

m. tuskia, 2004 _ m. tuskia, saxelTa afiqsuri warmoeba axal saliteraturo qarTulsa da dialeqtebSi.

a. SaniZe, 1980 _ a. SaniZe, Txzulebani, III, 1980.

n . y u m b u r i Z e

284

b. JorbenaZe, 1984 _ b. JorbenaZe, uarKofis gamomxatvel for-maTa nairsaxeobisaTvis qarTulSi. qarTuli sitKvis kulturis saki-Txebi, wigni meeqvse, Tb., 1984.

Zveli qarTuli enis masala damowmebulia i. abulaZis Zveli qarTuli enis leqsikonisa (Tb., 1973) da z. sarJvelaZis Zveli qar-Tuli enis leqsikonis (Tb., 1995) mixedviT.

Nino Tchumburidze

The Affixes Expressing “Lack”, “Negation” on Different Stages of the Literary Georgian

S u m m a r y

In Georgian a prefix u-, confixes u-o, u-ur //u-ul, u-ar and particles ara-,

ar-, vera-, ver-, nu- are used to express “lack”, “negation”. The affixes expressing “lack” are represented differently on the different

developing stages of the Georgian literary language from the viewpoint of their distributing and spreading, though an essential changes did not take place in this respect.

In old Georgian in the nouns and participles “lack” and “negation” were expressed only by u- prefix, in modern Georgian a stem is complicated by the -o, -el, -ar suffixes.

Expressing of negation by u-o confix is mostly spread in modern Georgian. A simple stem as well as derived, composed one and partticles and prepositions are formed through this confix. But differently with old Georgian, a number of adjectives with u-o confix is less. In new Georgian we have no u-did-o, (“not big”), u-magr-o (“not strong”), u-xšir-o (“not often”) forms. This must be caused by the spreading of the forms with ara- particles in new Georgian: arasori (“not correct”), araminda (“not clean spirit”), araǏansaγi (“not healthy”). Spreading of such nouns must be caused by the influence of the other languages, in particular, by Russian.

The nouns with u-ur confix were spread in old Georgian, in new Georgian. Their existence along with the form with u-o confix is promoted by the fact, that the nouns with u-ur confix have semantically different meaning – they express lack of quality.

qarTvelur enaTa struqturis sakiTxebiqarTvelur enaTa struqturis sakiTxebiqarTvelur enaTa struqturis sakiTxebiqarTvelur enaTa struqturis sakiTxebi. . . . X. . . . 2009200920092009

nino nino nino nino xaxaxaxaxixixixiaSaSaSaSvivivivilililili

kac- sitKvis istoriisaTvis sulxan-sabas ganmartebiT, "kakakakacicicici ars cxocxocxocxo((((vvvv))))eeeelililili sisisisittttKKKKvivivivieeeeriririri da

aaaaGGGGmarmarmarmarTeTeTeTebiT mabiT mabiT mabiT mavavavavalililili... kakakakacicicici dabada GmerTma xaxaxaxatetetetebibibibisa sa sa sa da msgavda msgavda msgavda msgavsesesesebibibibisasasasa----ebrebrebrebr Tvisisa, nivTebTa mier xorcxorcxorcxorcnininini Semzadna susususulilililisasasasa gogogogoninininieeeeririririsasasasa da sisisisittttKKKKvivivivieeeeririririsasasasa mimniyebelman. xolo kakakakacicicici zogad KovelTa ewodebis. ese kakakakacicicici ganiKof(v)ebis mamamamamamamamacadcadcadcad da didididiaaaacadcadcadcad, romel ars mamamamamamamamakakakakacicicici da dededede----dadadadakakakakacicicici..." (2, 15 dabad.).

sulxan-saba am SemTxvevaSi ar mimarTavs misTvis Cveul meTods _ leqsikuri sinonimuri wKvilebis, e. w. hendiadisebis gamoKenebas (_ erTi saleqsikono erTeuliT meore sinonimuri leqsikuri erTe-ulis ganmartebas).

saKuradGeboa, rom sulxan-sabas zemoT moKvanil ganmartebaSi adamianis ganmsazGvreli niSan-Tvisebebi droTa ganmavlobaSi Jer Se-sitKvebebis (mag.: momomomokukukukudadadadavi vi vi vi kakakakacicicici,,,, ka ka ka kaci cci cci cci cxoxoxoxovevevevelililili, , , , kakakakaci ci ci ci sisisisittttKKKKvivivivieeeeriririri, , , , kakakaka----ci ci ci ci xorxorxorxorcicicicieeeelililili, , , , kakakakaci ci ci ci susususulilililieeeeriririri da sxv.), xolo Semdgom ki elifsuri -terminebis (sisisisittttKKKKvivivivieeeeriririri, , , , xorxorxorxorcicicicieeeelililili,,,, su su su sulilililieeeeriririri da sxv.) saxiT adamianis epiTetebad iqca. mag.:

kakakakaci ci ci ci momomomokukukukudadadadavivivivi1: "gixaroden, romeli uSromelad Suva-mdgomel xar k a c T a

m o k u d a v T a GmrTeebisa!" (sin. mr., 203, 32); Sdr.: momomomokukukukudadadadavivivivi:::: "gixaroden, romeli uSromelad Suva-mdgomel xar m o k u -

d a v T a ჲ da GmrTeebisaჲ!" (klarJ. mr., 437). """"mimimimiwiwiwiwisasasasagagagagani kani kani kani kacicicici":":":":

1 tipologiuri TvalsazrisiT sainteresoa indoevropuli enebis masala: rus.

мёртвый... Zv. ind. mts "gardacvalebuli, aGsrulebuli", mrtas "mokvdavi kaci"; avest.

mәrәta "gardacvalebuli, aGsrulebuli"; laT. mortuus "mkvdari"; berZn. broṭos "mokvdavi";

somx. mard "kaci" (fasmeri II, 1967).

n. x a x i a S v i l i

286

"rameTu JereT xati ese m i w i s a g a n i s a a m i s k a c i s a mmosies" (Teof. mTavarepisk., 11);

Sdr. mimimimiwiwiwiwisasasasagagagaganininini1:::: "ara dasTrgunavs m i w i s a g a n T a m a T Semoqmedi igi..."

(sin. mr., 175, 30). kakakakaci ci ci ci ჴჴჴჴororororcicicicieeeelililili:::: "rameTu cud ars Koveli k a c i ჴ o r c i e l i " (fsalm., 38, 6); Sdr. ჴჴჴჴororororcicicicieeeelililili:::: "ara ganmarTldes Sens winaSe Koveli ჴ o r c i e l i " (fsalm.,

142, 2). xorxorxorxorciciciciel kacsel kacsel kacsel kacs Zvel qarTulSi gamoxatavs agreTve SesitKveba

kakakakaci ci ci ci ჴჴჴჴororororciciciciTaTaTaTa:::: "romeli saKdarTa qerobinTasa mJdomare xar zecas saSinele-

biT, qriste, GmerTo KovelTao, aw moxual Sen daJdomad kicusa, vi-Tar k a c i ჴ o r c i T a " (minCxi 249).

""""sitsitsitsitKKKK ჳჳჳჳeri kaeri kaeri kaeri kacicicici":":":": "raჲTa maT mier [moKuareTa GmrTisaTa] ididos GmerTi da

raჲTa s i t K ჳ e r n i igi da TჳTufalni k a c n i , gamocdiT gamo-icadnen" (fsevdomakari, 208).

Sdr.: sitsitsitsitKKKKჳჳჳჳerierierieri:::: "kvalad s i t K ჳ e r i da usitKveli ganhKofen cxovelsa... rame

Tu kaci ars cxo(v)eli s i t K ჳ e r i mokvdavi" (sulxan-saba); "Koveli sitKჳeri TჳTmflobel ars" (ioane damask., 92)... Zvel qarTulSi cneba "adamians"2 sitKva kakakakacicicici da misgan nawar-

moebi uamravi leqsikuri erTeuli, kompoziti, SesitKvebebi Tu xa-tovani (idiomaturi) gamoTqmebi, _ dasturdeba uZveles, Cvenamde moGweul, rogorc originalur, ise _ Targmnil teqstebSi.

sainteresoa im Zir-fuZeTa saerTo suraTi, maTi e. w. "sitKvis budeebi", romelnic sxvadasxva dros sxvadasxva mecnieris mier Cata-

1 tipologiurad espanuri Hombre < laT. homo,-inem momdinareobs sitKvidan

humus "miwa" (encikl. 1978, 1118); aseve, italiuri uomo, omo "kaci" < laT. homoine(m),

nom. homo _ ukavSirdeba sitKvas humus "miwa". amdenad homo aGniSnavs "miwiers", rac

upirispirdeba "ciurs, GvTiurs" (celeste, divino)" (ital. enis leqsik., 2002, 1966). 2 "kacikacikacikaci _ (sazogadod saxeli)... sitKva dainiSvnodesmca or mniSvnelobiT. ese

igi mamrisa mimarTca da mdedrisa, maSin naTesavobiTi ese wodebul sazogadod,

magaliTebr: kaci, mSobeli, Svili, cxeni... mhswavluli, qalwuli da sxuani" (r.

erisTavi 1885, 127).

kac- sitKvis istoriisaTvis

287

rebuli kvlevis Sedegad warmoCnda. mag.: sulxan-sabas "sitKvis kona": "kakakakacicicicin. dededededadadadakakakakacicicici, , , , diddiddiddidkakakakacocococobabababa, , , ,

zzzzGGGGჳჳჳჳskaskaskaskacicicici, , , , kakakakacacacacadidididi, , , , kakakakacadcadcadcad----kakakakacacacacadidididi, , , , kackackackacTa suTa suTa suTa sulililili (sulTan), kakakakaci ci ci ci sitsitsitsitKKKKჳჳჳჳerierierieri (naTesavTan), kakakakaci uxuci uxuci uxuci uxucecececesisisisi (mamasTan), kakakakacucucucuriririri, , , , mamamamamamamamakakakakacicicici, , , , sasasasakakakakacececece, , , , sasasasamramramramravalvalvalvalkakakakacocococo, , , , cxencxencxencxenkakakakacicicici..."..."..."..."; calke erTeulebadaa gatanili Semdegi leqsemebi, romlebic sabas ganmartebiT aseve kackackackac---- sitKvas ukavSirdeba: kakakakaciscisciscis----TaTaTaTaooooaaaanininini,,,, kackackackac----pepepepelalalalatitititi, , , , sasasasakackackackacrarararavivivivi, , , , ukacukacukacukacrarararavivivivi............

il. abulaZis "Zveli qarTuli enis leqsikonSi" vxvdebiT kackackackac----is Semcvel Semdeg fuZeebs: gangangangankakakakacecececebabababa, , , , dededededadadadakakakakacicicici, , , , dededededadadadakakakakacecececebabababa, , , , dededededadadadakakakaka----cocococobabababa, , , , eriseriseriseris((((aaaa))))----kakakakacicicici, , , , eriseriseriseris----kakakakacecececebabababa, , , , eriseriseriseris----kakakakacobcobcobcobririririvivivivi, , , , kakakakacadcadcadcad----kakakakacacacacadidididi, , , , kakakaka----cecececebabababa////////kakakakacocococobabababa, , , , kakakakacobcobcobcobrivrivrivriv, , , , kakakakacobcobcobcobririririvivivivi, , , , mamamamamamamamakakakakacocococobabababa, , , , sasasasadededededadadadakakakakacocococo, , , , sasasasaeeeerisrisrisris----kakakakacocococo, , , , sasasasakakakakacececece, , , , sesesesefefefefekakakakacicicici, , , , ukacukacukacukacrurururulililili, , , , ukaukaukaukacucucucuriririri....

kackackackac---- sitKvasTan dakavSirebuli Semdegi leqsikuri erTeulebia dadasturebuli z. sarJvelaZis leqsikonSi: ganganganganmamamamamamamamakakakakacecececebabababa, , , , kakakakacacacacaჲჲჲჲ, , , , kackackackac----TaTaTaTagagagaganininini, , , , kackackackacTmoTmoTmoTmoZuZuZuZulelelelebabababaჲჲჲჲ, , , , kakakakaciscisciscispipipipiriririri, , , , kakakakaciscisciscisxaxaxaxatitititi, , , , kakakakacobcobcobcobririririvovovovobabababaჲჲჲჲ, , , , kackackackac----povpovpovpovnanananaჲჲჲჲ, , , , kackackackacririririeeeelililili, , , , kackackackac----qmnaqmnaqmnaqmnaჲჲჲჲ, , , , kerkerkerkerZoZoZoZokakakakacicicici, , , , mamamamamamamamakakakakacebcebcebcebriririri, , , , mramramramravalvalvalvalkakakakacocococobabababaჲჲჲჲ, , , , nanananakakakakacecececevivivivi, , , , sasasasakakakakacicicici, , , , sasasasamamamamamamamamakakakakacocococoჲჲჲჲ, , , , sasasasamramramramravalvalvalvalkakakakacocococoჲჲჲჲ, , , , simsimsimsimkackackackacrererereჲჲჲჲ, , , , srulsrulsrulsrulmamamamamamamama----kakakakacocococobabababaჲჲჲჲ, , , , ukacukacukacukacTmoTmoTmoTmoKKKKuuuuaaaarerereresisisisi, , , , SuSuSuSuaaaakakakakacicicici............

Zvel qarTul teqstebSi sitKva kakakakacicicici sxvadasxva mniSvnelobiT dasturdeba: il. abulaZis "Zveli qarTuli enis leqsikonSi" es si-tKva mniSvnelobaTa mravalferovani speqtriTaa warmodgenili:

"kackackackac----iiii _ " " " "qmaqmaqmaqmariririri"""", , , , """"mamamamamamamamakakakakacicicici"""", , , , """"susususulililili"""", , , , """"kakakakacadcadcadcad----kakakakacacacacadidididi""""; ; ; ; araaraaraaravinvinvinvin; ; ; ; kakakakacis sicis sicis sicis simamamamaGGGGlelelele::::

"qalwulisa, ganTxovilisa k a c s a" C, _ "qalwulisa, Txovili-sa q m a r s a" DE (luka 1, 27);

"k a c i mbrZoli iKo" M, _ "m a m a k a c i mehome iKo" G (isu n., 17, 1);

"ukueTu k a c m a n erTman... codos codvaჲ" O, _ "s u l m a n ukueTu codos uneblieT" G (lev., 4, 2);

"daidva gulsa k a c m a n moKuassa Tჳssa da Zmasa Tჳssa Sewev-nad" I, _ "SJides k a c a d - k a c a d i moKuassa Tჳssa Sewevnad Zmasa Tჳssa" O (esaia 41, 6);

"k a c o , ara var maTTanaჲ" (luka 22, 58); "k a c m a n c a nu uwKis, sada iKvneT Tquen" O (ieremia 36, 19); "romelime (wKaroჲ) k a c e r T gina erT horol aGmoecemis"

(bal., 46, 40). "iKo ganSorebul queKanisagan viTar k a c e r T " (lim., 101, 27). sitKva kakakakacicicici "Suamavlis, Suakacis" mniSvnelobiTac dasturdeba:


288

"ganmiteve me, rameTu Sesawiravi uKofies naTesavTa CemTao da k a c i mouvlinebies ZmaTa CemTao" (I mef., 20, 29).

saKuradGeboa, rom Zvel qarTulSi SuSuSuSuaaaakakakakacicicici niSnavs "Suaxnis, yarmag mamakacs":

"amisTvis vamcnebT berTa da yabukTa da S u a k a c T aaaa"""" (didi sJ., 556, 11).

rogorc vxedavT, Zvel qarTul teqstebSi sitKva kaci sxvadas-xva mniSvnelobiT dasturdeba, am mniSvnelobebidan ZiriTadi, arsebi-Ti mainc cneba "adamiania", Semdeg _ "mamakaci", "qmari", "vajkaci" (Zlieri) da a. S., Sdr.: mamamamamamamamakakakakacicicici "kaci", "mamali", "gmiri", "mamaci", "qmari" (il. abulaZe 1973).

tipologiurad zustad aseTive semantikuri cvalebadoba gvaqvs sxva enebSic. Sdr.: rus. муж 1. kaci, mamakaci 2. qmari; мужество simamakace, simamace, vajkacoba, axovaneba... (n. CubinaSvili 1961);

Sdr. fasmeri (II, 1967): Др. - инд. vīr-, авест. vīra- "муж", лит. vỳras "мужчина, муж, супруг"; лат. uir "мужчина, супруг"... тох. Awir "молодой, молодец"; T. gamKreliZisa da v. ivanovis TvalsazrisiT, am indoevro-puli Ziris Tavdapirveli mniSvneloba SesaZlebelia warmodgenilia laT. uīs "Zala", Zv.-ind. vyas- "sasicocxlo Zala", deva-vi- "GmerTebi-saTvis sasiamovno" da a. S. (gamKreliZe, ivanovi II, 1984, 469).

sitKva kakakakacicicici "adamianis" mniSvnelobiT dasturdeba: 1. rogorc damoukideblad, nawevaris gareSe, ise, zogJer, nawe-

varTan erTadac; agreTve, nar-Tanian mravlobiTSi: "micvalebaჲ k a c i s a Soba ars friad uaGresi mis Sobis"

(ioane oqropiri 1990, 1); "rameTu Sen GmerTi iqmen k a c , raჲTa k a c n i hKvne GmrTad,

ჵ ufalo Cemo da GmerTo Cemo" (sin. mr., 175, 13); "ara ars k a c i i g i angeloz..." (Satb. kr., 135); "kacTagan ese SeuZlebel ars, GmrTisa mier Kovelive

SesaZlebel ars" (maTe 19, 26); da sxv... 2. kackackackac---- Ziridan afiqsaciiT warmoqmnil, nawarmoeb sitKvebSi: kakakakacicicicisasasasagagagaganininini, , , , kackackackacTaTaTaTagagagaganininini, , , , kakakakacecececebabababa////////kakakakacocococobabababa, , , , kakakakacacacacadidididi, , , , kakakakacadcadcadcad----kakakakacacacacadidididi, , , ,

kakakakacucucucuriririri, , , , ukaukaukaukacucucucuriririri, , , , kackackackacririririeeeelililili, , , , ukacukacukacukacririririeeeelililili, , , , kakakakacebcebcebcebriririri, , , , araaraaraarakacebrkacebrkacebrkacebr, , , , kakakaka----cobcobcobcobririririvivivivi, , , , gangangangankakakakacecececebabababa, , , , sasasasakakakakacececece, , , , ukacukacukacukacrarararavivivivi, , , , sasasasakackackackacrarararavivivivi, , , , ukacukacukacukacrarararauuuulililili da a. S.; mag.:

kakakakacecececebabababa: : : : "ara ganeSora dedebaჲ GmerTeebisa misisaჲ k a c e b a s a missa"


289

(sak. wig., II, 16, 3). kakakakacocococobabababa:::: "ჴorcni igi k a c o b i s a misisani erTiTa piriTa gancxadnes"

(sak. wig., II, 15, 35). kakakakacadcadcadcad----kakakakacadcadcadcad----iiii "TiToeuli; kaci, Koveli kaci, Koveli erTi,

calkeuli" (il. abulaZe 1973): "misca... k a c a d - k a c a d s a (TiToeulsa C) msgavsad Zalisa

Tჳsisa" (maTe 25, 15); "Tqua k a c a d - k a c a d m a n moKuassa Tჳssa" (O, iona 1, 7); "aGiGo k a c a d - k a c a d m a n yuryeli sabrZolo Tჳsi" (O,

ivd., 7, 5); "hrqua k a c a d - k a c a d m a n moKuassa Tჳssa" (O, ivd., 7, 4); "k a c a d - k a c a d i s a Tana dakჳrveba iqneboda" (rifs., 167,

34); "daasobdes oTx-oTxsa manasa k a c a d - k a c a d i s a maTgani-

saTჳs" (rifs., 177, 5). kakakakacobcobcobcobririririvivivivi "kacuri" (e. i. adamianuri): "mamakacman anu dedakacman, romelmanca qmnes KovelTagan cod-

vaTa k a c o b r i v T a" (G, ricx., 5, 6). sasasasakakakakacececece1 "logini": "dasdgmides cxedrebiTa da s a k a c e b i T a" (saq. moc., 5, 15) kacrielikacrielikacrielikacrieli `dasaxlebuli": `wina�T Cuensa arian adgilni

mcired kacrielni" (zarzm. 330, 14-15). ukacukacukacukacrurururulililili "umosaxlo, mosaxleobisagan daclili": "burGalTagan Kovelni sofelni yirsa iKvnes da kninGa

u k a c r u l" (i.-e., 42, 7) ukaukaukaukacucucucuriririri "ukacrieli, dausaxlebeli": "valn igi uvalTa adgilTa da u k a c u r T a da ZnelTa Gado-

Ta" (mam. cx., 175v); sulxan-sabas "sitKvis konaSi" kacrkacrkacrkacr---- fuZis semantikur JgufSi

gamoKofilia ramdenime leqsikuri erTeuli, romelic sabas ganmar-tebiT, sitKva kacTanaa dakavSirebuli. esenia: sasasasakackackackacrarararavivivivi "saqcieli, marTebuli", ukacukacukacukacrarararavadvadvadvad "kacT ukadrisad", ukacukacukacukacrarararavivivivi "igive", ukacukacukacukacrararara----uuuulililili (ukacravi) "kacT ukadrisi", kakakakacebT ukadcebT ukadcebT ukadcebT ukadririririsisisisi "ara kacebr"...

saKuradGeboa sitKva kakakakaciciciciaaaanininini,,,, romelic daviT guramiSvilTan gvxvdeba:

1 Sdr. sulxan-saba: "sakacesakacesakacesakace ars mkvdarTa sazidari".


290

"zed gulze vibi igi xe k a c i a n i da GvTiani" sitKva kakakakaciciciciaaaanininini adaadaadaadamimimimiaaaanisnisnisnis analogiiTaa Seqmnili, "xe kaciani1 da

GvTiani" uflis orbunebovnebas gviCvenebs (rom ufali aris sruli kaci da sruli GmerTi)... (daTaSvili 1998, 71).

da a. S.... 3. kompozitebSi sitKva kakakakacicicici, rogorc kompozitis erT-erTi

wevri, adamianis mniSvnelobas gamoxatavs: kackackackacTmoTmoTmoTmoKKKKuuuuaaaarererere, , , , kackackackacTmoTmoTmoTmoZuZuZuZulelelele, , , , kackackackacTmoTTmoTTmoTTmoTnenenene, , , , kackackackac----mimimimiumumumumxvdaxvdaxvdaxvdarererere, , , , kakakakaciscisciscismklvemklvemklvemklvelililili, , , , kakakakaciscisciscismmmmyyyyaaaamemememelililili, , , , xaxaxaxatistististiskakakakacicicici, , , , kakakakaciscisciscisxaxaxaxatitititi, , , , kaciskaciskaciskacis piri piri piri piri da sxv. mag.:

kacTkacTkacTkacT----momomomoKKKKuuuuaaaarererere "kacTmoKvare": "k a c T - m o K u a r e ars suli sibrZnisaჲ" (O, sibrZ. sol., 1,

6). ukacukacukacukacTmoTmoTmoTmoKKKKuuuuaaaarererere "ufro kacTmoKuare": "romlisagan mas evno, u k a c T m o K u a r e eqmnes sxuaTaTჳs"

(mrT., O, oqr. - petre da elia 314). kacTkacTkacTkacT----momomomoTneTneTneTne "pirmoTne": "nu TualTa winaSe TualGebiT monebad, viTarca k a c T - m o -

T n e n i" (efes., 6, 6); "GmerTman ganabnines Zualni k a c T - m o T n e T a n i" (fsalm.,

52, 6); kakakakaciscisciscis----mklvemklvemklvemklvelililili:::: "mosrna k a c i s - m k l v e l n i" (maTe 22, 7). kakakakaciscisciscis----mmmmooooKKKKuuuuaaaarererere "moKuarჱ": "guriti KovliTurT wmidaჲ eklesiaჲ Tqua, da mercxali _ k a -

c i s - m o K u a r ჱ iovane naTlis-mcemeli" (oqr. - gurit., 226, 22). kakakakaciscisciscis----momomomoZuZuZuZulelelele "kacTmoZule": "gamoirCia... ara Tu k a c i s - m o Z u l ჱ " (k. ier. - naTlisG., 86,

5). kakakakaciscisciscis----msmsmsmsKKKKiiiidedededelllliiii:::: "marTalsa sJul ara uc, aramed... k a c i s - m s K i d e l T a,

mtKuvarTa"... (I tim., 1, 10). kakakakaciscisciscis----mmmmyyyyaaaamemememelililili:::: "xuda maTes nawilad mislvad sofelsa k a c i s - m y a m e l -

T a s a " (mimodasl., 21, 4).

1 Sdr.: xe sacnauri borotisa da keTilisaxe sacnauri borotisa da keTilisaxe sacnauri borotisa da keTilisaxe sacnauri borotisa da keTilisa: "dafaruladve itKvis... TviT

eSmaksa x e d s a c n a u r a d b o r o t i s a d a k e T i l i s a " (fsevdo-

makari 200).


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kakakakaciscisciscis----fefefeferiririri (e. i. adamianis msgavsi, kacis msgavsi):::: "maSin eSmaki igi k a c i s - f e r iqmna" (H _ 341, 381). agreTve, dededededadadadakakakakaci da maci da maci da maci da mamamamamakakakakacicicici:::: dededededadadadakacskacskacskacs da mamamamamamamamakacskacskacskacs Zvel qarTulSi, Sesabamisad, dededededadadada da mamamamamacmacmacmac

aGniSnavda: "da Tu viTariTa saxiTa Jer ars dgomaჲ locvasa Sina gina marxvasa m a m a T a ჲ da d e d a T a ჲ " (pavleni 484);

"d e d a n i hmsaxureben, da m a m a k a c i Tana-meinaჴe" (udabn. mr., 151).

saKuradGeboa, rom xanmet teqstebSi sitKva mamamamamamamamakakakakacicicici ar das-turdeba, gvxvdeba kakakakaci ci ci ci da de de de deddddaaaakakakakacicicici (mamani da dedanimamani da dedanimamani da dedanimamani da dedani). dapirispi-reba dededededadadadakakakakaci ci ci ci _ _ _ _ mamamamamamamamakakakakacicicici Tavdapirvelad aseTi saxiT unda warmo-SobiliKo: 1. kakakakacicicici _ dededededadadadakakakakacicicici;;;; 2. mamakaci mamakaci mamakaci mamakaci _ _ _ _ dedakacidedakacidedakacidedakaci > 3. kakakakaci ci ci ci _ _ _ _ didididiaaaacicicici; ; ; ; mamacimamacimamacimamaci (igulisxmeboda mamakaci) _ _ _ _ diacidiacidiacidiaci (Semdgomi semantikuri cvlilebebiT: mamaci mamaci mamaci mamaci "guladi", diaci diaci diaci diaci "mSiSara"):

"da Sen viTar ukue GmerTad TaKuanis scem k a c s a, , , , Sobilsa d e d a k a c i s a g a n ?" (kim., II 910);

"romelman dahbadna dasabamsa, m a m a k a c a d da d e d a k a -c a d Seqmna igini" (maTe 19, 4);

"rameTu m a m a k a c i xatad GmrTeebisa Seqmna, xolo d e -d a k a c i _ xatad m a m a k a c i s a " (udabn. mr., 151);

"SeCuenes... m a m a k a c i T g a n vidre d e d a k a c a d m d e " M, _ "SeCuenebul Kves igi... m a m a c i T g a n da vidre d i a c a d m d e " G, (isu. n. 6, 21);

"k a c i Jabani riTa sJobs d i a c s a qslisa mbeyvelsa" (ve-fxistK.).

Zvel qarTulSi gvxvdeba ramdenime kompoziti, romelSic kacikacikacikaci (rogorc kompozitis Semadgeneli erT-erTi wevri) mamakacis mniSvnelobas gamoxatavs: se se se sefefefefekakakakacicicici "sasaxlis, samefo karis msaxuri": "msaJulman migces Sen s e f e k a c s a" (luka 12, 58); "saSinel ars, odes moivlinnen s e f e k a c n i Ziebad avazakisa da SeipKran igi" (mam. sw., 139, 10).

erierierierisasasasa----kackackackac----iiii, , , , eriseriseriseris----kackackackac----iiii "erisgani, mxedari, Jariskaci: "e r i -s a - k a c T a maT byisaTa wariKvanes" C, _ "e r i s a g a n T a maT mTavrisaTa wariKvanes" DE, (maTe 27, 27)...

eriseriseriseris----kakakakacicicici _ am kompozitis Semadgeneli sitKva kakakakaci ci ci ci SeiZleba iKos zogadad "adamiani"; TviT kompoziti ki gamoxatavs "saero pirs, msoflios, mdabios":

"ukueTu monazonni xarT, raჲsaTჳs iarebiT e r i s - k a c T a


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Tana" (mam. cx., 17r); "uZჳres e r i s a - k a c T a ჲ s a davisaJebiT" (mam. cx., 39r); "glaxaki ese e r i s - k a c i viKav sofelsa Sina mKofi" (i.-e., 24,

17); 4. kaci àdamianis" mniSvnelobiTaa rTul, meSvelzmnian for-

mebSi: kackackackac----qmnaqmnaqmnaqmna, , , , kackackackac((((isisisis))))----klvaklvaklvaklva, , , , kakakakacicicicisasasasa----KKKKoooofafafafaჲჲჲჲ, , , , kackackackac----CiCiCiCinenenenebabababa, , , , kackackackac----povpovpovpovnananana da sxv.

kackackackac----qmnaqmnaqmnaqmna:::: "msgavsebaჲ oden weril ars kacTaჲ da xatiTa k a c - q m n a ჲ "

(Ier.,=9, 153r). kackackackac----povpovpovpovnnnnaaaa "adamianad gamoCena": "msgavs kacT-qmnisa da xatiTa k a c - p o v n i s a ჲ pirveli gan-

martebaჲ ese ars..." (Ier.,=9, 153r). kacTkacTkacTkacT----momomomoTneTneTneTnebabababa "pirmoTneoba": "raჲTa ara k a c T - m o T n e o b i s a T ჳ s warwKmido sasKide-

li SromaTa SenTaჲ" (mam. cx., 213). kacTkacTkacTkacT----momomomoKKKKuuuuaaaarerererebabababa "kacTmoKvareba": "k a c T - m o K u a r e b a ჲ aCuena ivlois pavlჱsTჳs" (saq. moc.,

27, 3). kackackackac((((isisisis))))----klvaklvaklvaklva "mokvla": "ara k a c - h k l a" (O, gamosl., 20, 13); "igini, romelni k a c i s - k l v a s a Tanamdeb arian, iunJeben

Tavisa TჳsisaTჳs Zჳrsa" (O, ig. sol., 1, 18). 5. SesitKvebebSi: kakakakaci msofci msofci msofci msofliolioliolio, , , , kakakakaci ci ci ci GGGGmrTimrTimrTimrTisasasasa, , , , kakakakaci saci saci saci saxlixlixlixlisasasasa, , , ,

kackackackacni qani qani qani qalalalalaqiqiqiqisasasasanininini da sxv. kakakakaci msofci msofci msofci msoflio lio lio lio "mdabio, ubralo adamiani": "ara SesaZlebel ars kacisa s o f l ჲ o s a mier ese viTarTa

KrmaTa aGzrdaჲ" (ioseb flaviosi II, 26, 2). sofsofsofsoflllliiiisa kasa kasa kasa kacicicici:::: "sibrZnჱ GmrTisaჲ sicofe ars s o f l i s a w i n a S e

k a c T a" (fsevdomakari 228). kackackackacni qani qani qani qalalalalaqiqiqiqisasasasanininini "brbo, xalxi": "hrqua k a c T a maTca q a l a q i s a T a" (flp. moc., 61, 6). da a. S.... 6. saGvTismetKvelo terminologiaSi (unda aGiniSnos, rom Se-

sitKvebaTa umravlesoba Zveli da axali aGTqmis niadagzea Seqmnili da isini terminebad aris CamoKalibebuli): ZeZeZeZeni kacni kacni kacni kacTaTaTaTanininini, , , , nanananaTeTeTeTesasasasavi vi vi vi kackackackacTaTaTaTa, , , , eri kaceri kaceri kaceri kacTaTaTaTa, , , , totototomi kacmi kacmi kacmi kacTaTaTaTa............ aseve: kakakakaci Zveci Zveci Zveci Zveli da kacli da kacli da kacli da kaci axai axai axai axalililili, , , ,


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kakakakaci pirci pirci pirci pirvevevevelililili, , , , kakakakaci meci meci meci meoooorererere, , , , SiSiSiSinanananagagagagani kani kani kani kacicicici, , , , gagagagarerereregagagagani kani kani kani kacicicici, , , , srusrusrusruli kali kali kali ka----cicicici da sxv.

srusrusrusruli kali kali kali kacicicici1: "gixaroden, romelman Sev GmerTi sruli da k a c i s r u l i ,

romelsa moguTa TaKuanis sces varskulavTa wina-ZGomiTa" (sin. mr., 203);

"Sen Tana GmerTi da Sengan GmerTi, romel ars s r u l i k a c i, romelsa Sina damkჳdrebul ars Kovelive savsebaჲ GmrTebisaჲ" (sin. mr., 6);

"vidremde mivswuTeT... gulisჴmis-Kofasa Zisa GmrTisasa k a -c a d s r u l a d sazomad hasakisa savsebisa qristesisa, raჲTa ar-Gara viKvneT CCჳl" (fsevdomakari 159).

Sdr. srusrusrusruli mali mali mali mamamamamakakakakacicicici "asaksruli": "viTarca s r u l i m a m a k a c i arca zraxvasa Krmebrsa Tavs-

idebs da verca sazrdeliTa misiTa raiT ganZGebis, aramed sxvebr zraxavs... viTarmed: "odes viqmen mamakac, dauteven siKrmisa igi saqme-ni" (fsevdomakari 213).

pirpirpirpirveveveveli kali kali kali kacicicici "adami, dacemuli adamiani", memememeoooore kare kare kare kacicicici "meore adamqmnili, ufali ieso qriste":

"meored uwoda mas viTarca m e o r e k a c da m e o r e a d a m q m n i l s a2 da saxeldebelsa. r p i r v e l i k a c i qveKa-nisagan miwieri, xolo m e o r e k a c i ufali zeciT" (Targm. ekl., 67, 25).

kakakakaci Zveci Zveci Zveci Zveli li li li "adami, dacemuli adamiani" da ka ka ka kaci axaci axaci axaci axalililili "ufali ieso qriste":

"ganiZarcueT k a c i i g i Z u e l i da SeimoseT k a c i i g i a x a l i" (gr. noseli 230).

ZuZuZuZueeeeli igi kali igi kali igi kali igi kacecececebabababaჲ:::: "ganiZarcueT Z u e l i i g i k a c e b a ჲ, glocav Tquen" (sin.

mr., 176). SiSiSiSinanananagagagagani kani kani kani kacocococoba da gaba da gaba da gaba da garererereSe kaSe kaSe kaSe kacocococobabababa3:::: "S i n a g a n i ese k a c o b a ჲ " (sin. mr., 109);

1 sruli kacisruli kacisruli kacisruli kaci ieso qristes aGmniSvnelicaa. 2 adamqmniliadamqmniliadamqmniliadamqmnili Sdr. kacqmnilikacqmnilikacqmnilikacqmnili (kacqmnakacqmnakacqmnakacqmna), gankacebagankacebagankacebagankaceba.... 3 qarTulSi adamianis Sinagani bunebisa da garegnobis aGsaniSnavad Sesabami-

sad naxmaria SinaganiSinaganiSinaganiSinagani kacikacikacikaci dadadada gareganigareganigareganigaregani kacikacikacikaci.... amgvari aGniSvna am cnebebisa berZnulis

kalkia (qurcikiZe 1983).


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"g a r e S ჱ ese k a c o b a ჲ " (sin. mr., 109). Sinagani Sinagani Sinagani Sinagani kacikacikacikaci1111:::: "S i n a g a n i i g i k a c i gulisaჲ uxilavsa mas sacnaursa

wmidaTa angelozTa samoTxesa iSuebda" (fsevdomakari 200). qristianuli terminia, agreTve, Ze kaZe kaZe kaZe kacicicicisasasasa ("Ze kacisa", iseve

rogorc """"Ze Ze Ze Ze GGGGmrTimrTimrTimrTisasasasa2222"""" Zvel teqstebSi ieso qristes aGmniSvnelia, macxovris erT-erTi saxelia):

Ze kaZe kaZe kaZe kacicicicisasasasa "ieso qriste": "nu vis xuTxrobT xilvasa amas, vidremde Z ჱ k a c i s a ჲ

mkudreTiT aGdges" (maTe 17, 9, xanmet.); "da iKos, viTarca-igi iona mucelsa veSapisasa sam dGe da sam

Game, egreT iKos Z ჱ k a c i s a ჲ gulsa queKanisas sam dGe da sam Game" (sin. mr., 163);

"da aravin aჴda zecad garna r li gardamoჴda zeciT Z ჱ k a -c i s a ჲ " (iovane 3, 13);

"egreca Z e s a k a c i s a s a Jer-ars vnebad maTgan" (maTe 17, 12);

Ze kaZe kaZe kaZe kacicicicisasasasa "adamiani, kaci": "da mrqua me ufalman: Z e o k a c i s a o, byჱ ese iKos daჴSul da

ara ganeGos ese, arca gan-vin-vides mier, rame Tu ufali GmerTi mxoloჲ Sevides da igi Tavadi gamovides" (sin. mr., 44);

"raჲ ars kaci, rameTu moiჴsene misi, anu Z e k a c i s a ჲ , rame-Tu moxedav mas?" (fsalm. 8, 5).

ZeZeZeZeni kacni kacni kacni kacTaTaTaTanininini:::: "sikudili, romeli xisagan Seiqmna Z e T a k a c T a T ჳ s, da-

amჴu igi dGesa Zelisa mier, ufalo" (Zlisp., 204). 7. Tanamedrove qarTulSi sitKva kakakakacicicici "adamianis" mniSvnelo-

biT SemorCenilia andazebSi: "kackackackacsasasasa marTals da mtKuansa kackackackacninininiveveveve gaarCeveno"; "kakakakacicicici _ kakakakaciciciciTaoTaoTaoTao, nadiri _ tKiTao"... `simarTle kacskacskacskacs ar daekargebao"; `bevri yoymani kacskacskacskacs waaxdenso"; `kargi kaciskaciskaciskacis pur-marili zGvaze xidad gaidebao";

1 Sinagani kaciSinagani kaciSinagani kaciSinagani kaci adamianis sulia: "s u l i kacisaჲ dabadebuli ars sacnauri

da Suenieri" (fsevdomakari 275). 2 ZeZeZeZe GmrTisaGmrTisaGmrTisaGmrTisa:::: "rame Tu aGmGebeli igi codvisaჲ Z ჱ G m r T i s a ჲ TჳT nebsiT

vnebasa Juarisasa movidoda" (sin. mr., 147).


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`GmerTi kacskacskacskacs rogorc gaaCens, ise daarCenso". 8. agreTve _ frazeologizmebsa da idiomebSi: kackackackacTa gaTa gaTa gaTa garerereregagagagani ni ni ni naZirala, Kovlad sazizGari, adamianobisa, rom

araferi scxia... kackackackacTaTaTaTaramramramramsgavsgavsgavsgavsi si si si uzneo, boroti, avkaci, Kovelgvar adamianur Girsebas moklebuli, ukeTuri... kakakakacia da gucia da gucia da gucia da gunenenenebabababa Kvela adamians Tavisi gemovneba aqvs, zogs ra moswons da zogs _ ra... "kacia da gunebao, Torem bebers ra ex-ragunebao", _ naTqvamia Tavqeifa kacze, romlis xasiaTi da gemovneba ucnaurobiT xasiaTdeba da Cveulebrivi adamianisas srulebiT ar hgavs.

"kackackackacnininini varT", "kakakakacicicici Tvals ver moaSorebs"... (saxokia 1979). Zvel qarTulSi sitKva kakakakacicicici "mamakacis" mniSvnelobiT dastur-

deba: 1. ZiriTadad nawevarTan erTad: "mixeda da ixila ka ka ka kaci igi ci igi ci igi ci igi romelsa eZiebda" (klarJ. mr., 231). 2. agreTve, CvenebiT da ganusazGvrel nacvalsaxelebTan: "suli ege ara-wmidaჲ, ganved ka ka ka kacicicicisa masa masa masa magisgisgisgisgan gan gan gan (markozi 5, 8); "iKo kac erT kac erT kac erT kac erT ierusalims (luka 2, 25C); "kackackackacsa vissa vissa vissa vismemememe esxnes or Ze" (maTe 21, 28). 3. ricxviT saxelebTan: "SeemTxჳnes mas ororororni kacni kacni kacni kacnininini" (maTe 8, 28). 4. zogierT kompozitsa Tu SesitKvebaSi: sefe kacisefe kacisefe kacisefe kaci, , , , erisa erisa erisa erisa

kacikacikacikaci, , , , kackackackacni sani sani sani saxlixlixlixlisasasasanininini............ kakakakaccccni sani sani sani saxlixlixlixlisasasasanininini "mamani saxlisani", Sinaurni": "mter iKvnen kacisa k a c n i s a x l i s a misisani" O, _ "mte-

reb mamakacisa m a m a n i s a x l i s a missa Sorisani" pb., (miq., 7, 6)...

Tumca, ase dabeJiTebiT Znelia mtkiceba, radganac sitKva kakakakacicicici msgavs SemTxvevebSi, konteqstis mixedviT, SeiZleba "kacsac" gulis-xmobdes da "adamiansac".

rogorc vxedavT, sitKva kakakakacicicici Tavisi mravalferovani semantiki-Ta da, miT ufro, warmoebiT uaGresad produqtiuli aGmoCnda Zvel qarTul enaSi.

samecniero literaturaSi sxvadasxva mosazreba arsebobs si-tKva kakakakaciscisciscis genezisis Sesaxeb. gamoTqmulia Tvalsazrisi, rom es si-tKva saerTo-qarTveluri warmoSobisaa (a. cagareli, n. mari, arn. Ci-qobava, v. Tofuria, g. rogava...):


296

rogorc aGniSnavs arnold Ciqobava Tavis "yanur-megrul-qarTul SedarebiT leqsikonSi", yan. koC-i "kaci", megr. koC-i, qarT. kac-i1 _ es erTi im fuZeTagania, romelic xmovan-TanxmovanTa kanon-zomieri SesatKvisobis nimuSs gvawvdis qarTulisa da zanuris Seda-rebisas. masTan arc qarTuls da arc zanurs ar ganucdia Semdgomi cvla: maTSi mocemuli variantebi dagvrCa winandeli saxiT" (Ciqoba-va 1938).

xolo b. foCxua dasZens, aranasesxobasTan erTad Tu saTanado fuZe dadasturdeba qarTulis monaTesave enebSi, es ukve iseTi faq-ti iqneba, rom mas angariSi unda gaewios... magram unda gvaxsovdes, rom bolomde sarwmuno arc is sabuTia... da kiTxulobs: xom SeiZle-boda SeeTvisebina igi erTi enidan sxva enebs? aseT pirobebSi upira-tesoba, bunebrivia, unda eZleodes iseT faqtebs, sadac aSkarad gvaqvs regularuli fonetikuri diferenciacia, _ dasZens mkvlevari, _ kac- fuZes zanurSi Seesabameba koC- da viciT, rom is bgeraTa sxvao-ba, romelic amaT Soris arsebobs, aris kerZo gamovlena qarTulisa da zanuris regularuli fonetikuri SesatKvisobisa: qarT. c _ zan. C; qarT. a _ zan. o; SeiZleba vTqvaT, rom kackackackac- fuZe, KovelSemTxveva-Si, qarTulisa da zanuris "gaTiSvamde" arsebobda qarTul enaSi. xolo Tu qarT. kackackackac---- da zan. koCkoCkoCkoC---- fuZeebs gverdiT amovuKenebT svan. yyyySSSS----ssss, maSin ukve guldaJerebiT vitKviT, rom kackackackac---- fuZe qarTulSi Soreul warsulSic gvqonia" (foCxua 1974, 309).

amave Tvalsazriss iziareben z. sarJvelaZe da h. fenrixi, rom-lebic erTmaneTs ukavSireben:

qarT. kackackackac----iiii "kaci; qmari", megr. koCkoCkoCkoC----iiii "kaci; qmari", laz. kkkkoCoCoCoC----iiii "kaci; qmari"; koCkoCkoCkoC----onononon----iiii koCkoCkoCkoC----iiii "kacuri kaci", svan. yyyySSSS----////////yyyySSSS---- yyyySSSS---- "qma-ri"; yyyySSSS----ჲჲჲჲaqaqaqaq////////lelelele----yyyySSSS----rrrr----iiii "saqmro".

aqve aGniSnulia, rom es sitKva gvxvdeba Zvel qarTul werilo-biT ZeglebSi, da am sitKvas Zvel qarTulSive hqonda "qmris, sa-qmros" mniSvneloba... qarTuli megruli da lazuri enebis formebi erTmaneTTan g. rozenma daakavSira; n. marma gamoavlina svanuri eqvi-valenti; ****kackackackac1111---- arqetipi saerToqarTveluri fuZe-enis donisaTvis aGadgina g. klimovma (fenrixi, sarJvelaZe 2000).

am sitKvas agreTve ukavSirebdnen Sumerul da baskur enebs

1 qarT. kacikacikacikaci, zan. koCikoCikoCikoCi, svan. yaSyaSyaSyaS < ****kaSkaSkaSkaS;;;; es ukanaskneli forma niko marma

aGadgina da Tubal-kainur Zirad miiCnia. g. rogavam *kaS daukavSira anTroponims:

kaSiakaSiakaSiakaSia (anTrop.) < kaSianikaSianikaSianikaSiani (anTrop.) (rogava, ike IV, 51).


297

(n. mari, m. wereTeli, r. gordeziani...): qarT. kackackackac----iiii,,,, zan. koCkoCkoCkoC----iiii,,,, bask. gis-, gis-on "adamiani", sum. gišššš,,,, ba-

toni, adamiani" (mari V); qarT. kakakakacicicici, , , , Sumer. gišššš "kaci" (gordeziani 1985, 44). r. gordeziani imowmebs m. wereTelis Tvalsazriss, m. wereTe-

li gamoTqvams Semdeg mosazrebas: sum. gal "cxovreba (mosaxleoba), Kofna" da qarT. saxli, yan.-megr. oxori, svan. qor "saxli" ukavSir-deba erTmaneTs, amave (gal) niSniT sumerulSi aGiniSneba kacic da qalic, "qarT. sasasasa----xlxlxlxl----iiii "sacxovrebeli" (sum. gal "cxovreba"), Ziri xlxlxlxl---- gamoxatavda albaT cxovrebas, STamomavlobas, Seqmnas,... kacs, suli-ers aqedan specialurad _ mamakaci (wereTeli 1912, 65).

daviT CubinaSvilisTvis sitKva kaci sparsulia: "kakakakacicicici (spars. qesqesqesqes) cxoveli sitKvieri, gulisxmieri da mnebebe-

li... (d. CubinaSvili 1984). aseve sainteresoa somxur enaSi dadasturebuli ḳaci "kaci",

romelsac hr. ayariani ukavSirebs qarTul sitKvas kakakakacicicici, laz. kokokoko----CiCiCiCi//kokokokojjjjiiii//kokokokoJJJJiiii, da aGniSnavs, rom es sitKva somxurSi Zalian iSviaTad ixmareba (ayariani II, 560).

adaadaadaadamimimimiaaaaninininisasasasagangangangan gansxvavebiT sitKva kakakakacicicici ufro farTo polisemi-urobiT gamoirCeva. Tuki adaadaadaadamimimimiaaaanininini ufro zogadi semantikisa da sa-GvTismetKvelo Sinaarsis matarebelia, kakakakacicicici am TvalsazrisiT mra-valwaxnagovan Sinaarss itevs, Sdr. kakakakacicicici _ rogorc "adamiani, mamaka-ci, qmari, suli, cali, TiToeuli, vinme, aravin, vajkaci (mamaci), Zlieri, Tixa, miwa" da sxv. bolo ori mniSvnelobiT ("Tixa, miwa") kakakakacicicici ebr. adam adam adam adam _ _ _ _ adaadaadaadamahsmahsmahsmahs emTxveva.

rac Seexeba kackackackac---- sitKvis Tavdapirvel mniSvnelobas, aqac sxva-dasxva Tvalsazrisia gamoTqmuli (d. da i. bagrationebi, n. mari da sxv.).

gasarkvevia keckeckeckec---- "Tixa, Sezelili miwa" da kackackackac---- ZirTa mimarTe-bis sakiTxi. amgvar Tvalsazriss xom ar udevs safuZvlad is univer-saluri codna (gadmocema) adamianis (kacis) Sesaxeb, rac tradiciu-li miTologiiTa da religiuri rwmeniT aris SemorCenili kacTa modgmis gonSi. am mimarTebiT saintereso da mravlismetKvelia sxva enaTa monacemebic: mag.: laT. homō "kaci", osk. humuns "xalxi", goT. guma "kaci, adamiani", prus. smoy "kaci, adamiani", smūni "pirovneba", romlebic unda momdinareobdes indo-evropuli Ziridan *d[h](e) ĝ[h]om "miwa", xeT. tekan "miwa"... (gamKreliZe, ivanovi 1984, 475); aGsaniSnavia isic, rom ind.-evr. *d[h](e) ĝ[h]om "miwa", "qveKana" dakavSirebulia


298

qarTvelur ****TiTiTiTiჴჴჴჴaaaa (qarT. TiTiTiTiჴჴჴჴaaaa,,,, megr.-yan. didididixaxaxaxa "miwa", "adgili", "niada-gi" (gamKreliZe, ivanovi 1984, 821).

Teimuraz bagrationis ganmartebiT: "kakakakaciscisciscis saxeli ars pirve-lad moqmedebiTTa saxelTagan qarTulisaTa (da ara sxvisa enisagan) warmomdgari: 1. kekekekecicicici, SeSeSeSekekekekecicicicilililili arsarsarsars ararararsesesesebabababa susususulilililisasasasagangangangan dadadada mimimimiwiwiwiwisasasasa, 2. meore _ keci miwac aris da keci Sekecilic da Sekeculic aris, e. i. Sezavebuli arsi, anu erTi raჲme orad mokecili". Sdr. keci _ "miwa ars, diax saucxovo da Tixa Sezelilsa kecsa ewodeba. keci ars Tixa (ese ars miwa umtkicesi da urCeulesi, romlisa mierca Seimzadebian ჴelovanTagan yurni (e. i. quჱvri) da sxvani da sxvani yuryelni TixaTa mier gakeTebulni da kecad wodebulisa miwisagan Seqmnilni" (T. bagra-tioni 1979, 68).

tradicia kacis (adamianis) miwisagan Seqmnisa saKovelTaoa. al-baT es gaxda mizezi Zvel qarTul saxarebiseul teqstebSi daSvebu-li Secdomisa: lukas saxarebis efTvime mTawmidelisa (urbnisisa da palestinuri oTxTavebi) da giorgi mTawmidelis (vanis, eCmiaZinis, gelaTis oTxTavebi) lukas saxarebis mexuTe TavSi (5, 18-20) Semdegi ikiTxvisia:

"18. da aha esera kacTa moaqunda cxedriTa kaci, romeli iKo ganrGueul, da unda SeGebaჲ misi da dadgmaჲ winaSe missa. 19. da ver poves, vinaჲmca SeiGes igi erisa misgan; aGჴdes erdosa zeda da aGiGes kekekekeci igici igici igici igi da STauteves cxedriTurT Soris winaSe iesuჲsa. 20. da ixila iesu sarwmunoebaჲ maTi da hrqua kacsa mas: kaco, mige-tevnen Sen codvani Senni" (efTvime mTawmideli FG).

Sdr. (giorgi mTawmideli HIK): "19. da ver poes, vinaჲmca SeiGes igi erisa misgan; aGჴdes er-

dosa zeda da aGiGes kekekekecicicici da STauteves kakakakaci igici igici igici igi cxedriTurT wi-naSe iesuჲsa"... (luka 5, 19).

am teqsts axlavs ivane imnaiSvilis SeniSvna: eqvTime da giorgi mTawmidelebis redaqciebSi: "luka 5, 19 kakakakacicicici A(opizuri) _ kekekekecicicici BG (eqvTime da giorgi mTawmidelebis redaqciebi), Sdr. berZn. ḳeramōn. kaci, aq, ra Tqma unda, Secdomaa, unda iKos swored keci, romelic Zvel qarTulSi Tixisagan gakeTebul yuryelsa da sxva niv-Tebs ewodeboda. aq kramiti igulisxmeba... aGiGes kakakakacicicici ki ara aramed kekekekecicicici (kramiti) da iqidan CauSves sakaceze mdebare (avadmKofi) kaci. kecis mniSvneloba rom ar esmodaT, igi kacad gaiges, aman gamoiwvia, rom originalis "axades saxuravi" (aiGes kramiti) CAB _ aGaraa gadmotanili. giorgi asworebs didi xnis Secdomas da qarTul


299

teqsts zustad marTavs" (imnaiSvili 1979, 86, 162). arsebobs sxva Tvalsazrisic kackackackac---- sitKvis Tavdapirveli mniSvne-

lobis Sesaxeb, n. maris varaudiT, kakakakaciscisciscis Tavdapirveli, paleonto-logiuri mniSvneloba SesaZlebelia iKos erTi: "*k-/ac "человек", resp. по палеонтологии "один"... (mari V, 53).

tipologiuri TvalsazrisiT, sainteresoa, indoevropuli masa-la: "тох. А onk "человек", но др-инд. enk "один"; греч. monos "один", но нем. Mann "человек", "мужчина"; лат. singulus "один", "одинокий", но др. англ. secg "человек"; лат. homo "человек", но и.е. *sem "один" (*kes-m > *ksem- > *kem; *sem... (makovski 1992, 49).

am SemTxvevaSic samKaros Sesaqmiseuli principia gaTvaliswine-buli: "erTi" aris dasabami, pirvelsawKisi anu "mizezi mKofobisa", anu GmerTi (dionise areopageli). "erTi" _ mowesrigebuli samKaros simboloa.

lilililiteteteterarararatutututurararara araaraaraarabubububuli li li li 2001200120012001 _ a. arabuli, zmnuri da saxeluri fuZeTqmna-

dobis problema qarTvelur enebSi. Tb., 2001. gagagagammmmKKKKrerererelilililiZeZeZeZe, , , , mamamamayyyyaaaavavavavaririririaaaani ni ni ni 1965196519651965 _ T. gamKreliZe, g. mayavariani,

sonantTa sistema da ablauti qarTvelur enebSi, Tb., 1965. gegegegeleleleleninininiZe Ze Ze Ze 1974197419741974 _ latavra geleniZe, adamianis anatomia-fizio-

logiasTan dakavSirebuli leqsika Zvel qarTulSi, Tb., 1974. gorgorgorgordedededeziziziziaaaani ni ni ni 1985 1985 1985 1985 _ _ _ _ r. gordeziani, winaberZnuli da qarTve-

luri, Tb., 1985 dadadadaTaSTaSTaSTaSvivivivili li li li 1998199819981998 _ l. daTaSvili, "daviTianis" swavlebisaTvis,

Tb., 1998. dadadadanenenenelia lia lia lia 1998 1998 1998 1998 _ k. danelia, narkvevebi qarTuli samwerlobo

enis istoriidan, Tsu gamomcemloba, Tb., 1998. dondondondondua Idua Idua Idua I, , , , 1967 1967 1967 1967 _ k. dondua, rCeuli naSromebi I, Tb., 1967. eriseriseriserisTaTaTaTavi vi vi vi 1885188518851885 _ qarTuli Grammatika r. erisTavis 1885 wlis

gamocema. ToToToTofufufufuria IIIria IIIria IIIria III, , , , 1986 1986 1986 1986 ____ v. Tofuria, Sromebi t. III, Tb., 1986. imimimimnanananaiSiSiSiSvivivivilililili 1975197519751975 _ sinuri mravalTavi (864), iv. imnaiSvili,

Zveli qarTuli enis kaTedris Sromebi #17, 1975. imimimimnanananaiSiSiSiSvivivivilililili 1979197919791979 _ iv. imnaiSvili, qarTuli oTxTavis ori bo-

lo redaqcia, teqsti gamosca da gamokvleva daurTo iv. imnaiSvilma, Tsu Zv. qarT. enis kaT. Sr. #22, Tb., 1979.


300

kakakakasisisisirererereri ri ri ri 1983 1983 1983 1983 ____ e. kasireri, ra aris adamiani? cda adamianu-ri kulturis filosofiis agebisa. germanulidan Targmana l. ramiS-vilma, Tb., 1983.

krakrakrakramemememeri ri ri ri 1988198819881988 _ n. krameri, istoria iwKeba Sumeridan, Tb. 1988. rogava rogava rogava rogava _ giorgi rogava, ike IV, 1953. memememelilililiqiSqiSqiSqiSvivivivili li li li 1919191999999999 _ _ _ _ d. meliqiSvili, Zveli qarTuli filo-

sofiur-Teologiuri terminologiis istoriidan, Tb., 1999. sasasasaxoxoxoxokia kia kia kia 1979 1979 1979 1979 _ _ _ _ Tedo saxokia, qarTuli xatovani sitKva-Tqmani,

Tb., 1979. sursursursurgugugugulalalalaZe Ze Ze Ze 1986198619861986 _ i. surgulaZe, qarTuli xalxuri ornamen-

tis simbolika, Tb., 1986. susususuxiSxiSxiSxiSvivivivili li li li 1978 1978 1978 1978 _ _ _ _ m. suxiSvili, pirovnebisa da nivTis seman-

tikuri garCevis erTi SemTxveva qarTulSi. zogadi da iberiul-kavka-siuri enaTmecnierebis sakiTxebi, Tb., 1978.

fafafafarurururulalalalava va va va 1991 1991 1991 1991 _ griver farulava, "qristianuli anTropo-logiis ZiriTad principebi", jurn. xelovneba #11-12, Tb. 1991.

fofofofoCxua Cxua Cxua Cxua 1974 1974 1974 1974 ____ b. foCxua, qarTuli enis leqsikologia, Tsu axali qarT. enis kaT., Tb., 1974.

fenfenfenfenririririxixixixi, , , , sasasasarrrrJJJJvevevevelalalalaZe Ze Ze Ze 2000 2000 2000 2000 ____ h. fenrixi, z. sarJvelaZe, qarTve-lur enaTa etimologiuri leqsikoni, Tb., 2000.

SaSaSaSaninininiZe Ze Ze Ze 1976197619761976 _ ak. SaniZe, Zveli qarTuli enis gramatikis sa-fuZvlebi, Tb., 1976.

SaSaSaSaninininiZe Ze Ze Ze 1960 1960 1960 1960 ____ mz. SaniZe, fsalmunis Zveli qarTuli redaqcie-bi, X-XIII saukuneTa xelnawerebis mixedviT gamosca mzeqala SaniZem. Tb., 1960.

SeSeSeSengengengengelia lia lia lia 1999199919991999 _ v. Sengelia, qarTvelur da Cerqezul enob-riv sistemaTa istoriisaTvis, disertacia fil. mecn. doqt. samecnie-ro xarisxis mosapoveblad, xelnaweris uflebiT, Tb., 1999.

CiCiCiCiqoqoqoqobabababava va va va 1938 1938 1938 1938 _ arn. Ciqobava, yanur-megrul-qarTuli Sedare-biTi leqsikoni, Tb., 1938.

CiCiCiCiqoqoqoqobabababava va va va 1942 1942 1942 1942 _ arn. Ciqobava, "saxelis fuZis uZvelesi agebu-leba qarTvelur enebSi", Tb., 1942.

cagarelicagarelicagarelicagareli 1880 _ al. cagareli, Мингрельские этюды, в. II. Опыт фонетики мингрельского языка, С-Тб., 1880 w.

cqicqicqicqitiStiStiStiSvivivivili li li li 1976 1976 1976 1976 ____ T. cqitiSvili, ezekielis wignis Zveli qarTuli versiebi, teqsti gamosacemad moamzada, gamokvleva da leq-sikoni daurTo T. cqitiSvilma, Tb., 1976.

wewewewerererereTeTeTeTeli li li li 1912 1912 1912 1912 _ m. wereTeli, sumeruli da qarTveluri,


301

kreb. "gvirgvini", 1912. yyyyeeeelilililiZe Ze Ze Ze 1996199619961996 _ e. yeliZe, Zveli qarTuli saGvTismetKvelo

terminologia (severiane gabalovnelis "equsTa dGeTa"-s uZvelesi qarTuli Targmanis safuZvelze, I, Tb., 1996.

JJJJaaaavavavavaxiSxiSxiSxiSvivivivili li li li 1992199219921992 _ iv. JavaxiSvili, qarTveluri da kavkasiuri enebis Tavdapirveli buneba da naTesaoba, t. X, Tb., 1992.

JJJJororororbebebebenanananaZe Ze Ze Ze 1997 1997 1997 1997 _ b. JorbenaZe, ena da kultura, Tb., 1997. gagagagammmmKKKKrerererelilililiZeZeZeZe, , , , ivaivaivaivanonononovi vi vi vi IIII, , , , IIIIIIII, , , , 1984 1984 1984 1984 ____ Т.В. Гамкрелидзе, Вяч. Вс.

Иванов, Индоевропейский язык и индоевропейцы II, ТБ., 1984. vesvesvesvestertertertermamamamani ni ni ni 1994199419941994 _ Theologisches Handworterbuch zum alten Testa-

ment. Zwei Bande. Herausgegeben von Ernest Yenni unter Mitarbeit von Claus Westermann. Thet Band I, 5. Aufl. 1994.memememeie ie ie ie 1926 1926 1926 1926 _ A. Meillet, Linguistique historique et linguistique gnrale, Paris, 1926.

lolololopupupupuxixixixini ni ni ni _ Толковая Библия или комментарий на все книги Св. Писания Ветхого и Нового Завета А. П. Лопухина, I, Бытие – Притчи Соломона.

mamamamakovkovkovkovski ski ski ski 1992199219921992 _ Маковский М. М., "Картина мира" и миры образов (Лингво культурологические етюды), Москва 1992.

marimarimarimari 1912 1912 1912 1912 _ Н. Я. Марр. Tабал-кайнский вклад в сванском, ИАН, 1912, misive, Из поездок в Сваннию, X В, t. II.

leqleqleqleqsisisisikokokokonenenenebibibibi abuabuabuabulalalalaZe Ze Ze Ze 1973197319731973 _ il. abulaZe, Zveli qarTuli enis leqsikoni

(masalebi), Tb., 1973. bagbagbagbagrarararatitititiooooni ni ni ni 1979 1979 1979 1979 _ Teimuraz bagrationi, wignni leqsikonni,

Tb., 1979. dddd. . . . da ida ida ida i. . . . bagbagbagbagrarararatitititioooonenenenebi bi bi bi 1967196719671967 _ daviT da ioane bagrationebis

leqsikografiuli naSromi, Tb., 1967). "vefxistKaosnis" simfonia, fuZeTa da sitKva-formaTa indeqsi

(m. yabaSvilisa da al. yinyaraulis redaqciiT), Tb., 1973. imimimimnanananaiSiSiSiSvivivivili li li li 1986198619861986 _ iv. imnaiSvili, qarTuli oTxTavis simfo-

nia-leqsikoni, Tb., 1986. sasasasarrrrJJJJvevevevelalalalaZe Ze Ze Ze 1995199519951995 _ z. sarJvelaZe, Zveli qarTuli enis leqsi-

koni (masalebi). Tb., 1995. sulsulsulsulxanxanxanxan----sasasasababababa _ sulxan-saba orbeliani, leqsikoni qarTuli, I,

1991.


302

sulsulsulsulxanxanxanxan----sasasasabbbbaaaa _ sulxan-saba orbeliani, leqsikoni qarTuli, II, 1991.

fenfenfenfenririririxixixixi, , , , sasasasarrrrJJJJvevevevelalalalaZe Ze Ze Ze 2000 2000 2000 2000 ____ h. fenrixi, z. sarJvelaZe, qarTve-lur enaTa etimologiuri leqsikoni, Tb., 2000.

qegl IV qegl IV qegl IV qegl IV _ qarTuli enis ganmartebiTi leqsikoni, prof. arn. Ciqobavas saerTo redaqciiT, t. IV, Tb., 1955.

GGGGlonlonlonlonti ti ti ti 1984 1984 1984 1984 ____ al. Glonti, qarTul kilo-TqmaTa sitKvis kona, Semdgeneli al. Glonti, Tb., 1984.

SaSaSaSaninininiZe Ze Ze Ze 1956 1956 1956 1956 ____ a. SaniZe, "vefxistKaosnis" simfonia, Sedgenili a. SaniZis xemZGvanelobiT, Tb., 1956.

CuCuCuCubibibibinaSnaSnaSnaSvivivivili li li li 1961196119611961 _ n. CubinaSvili, qarTuli leqsikoni ru-suli TargmaniTurT, Tb., 1961.

CuCuCuCubibibibinaSnaSnaSnaSvivivivili li li li 1964 _ _ _ _ d. CubinaSvili, qarTul-rusuli leqsi-koni, Tb., 1964

CuCuCuCuxua xua xua xua 2003 2003 2003 2003 ____ m. Cuxua, qarTvelur ena-kiloTa SedarebiTi leqsikoni, Tb., 2000-2003.

aaaayyyyaaaaririririaaaani II ni II ni II ni II ____ Р. Ачарян, Этимологический словарь армянского языка, Ереван 1927.

gegegegezezezezeninininiuuuusi si si si 1912 1912 1912 1912 _ W. Gesenius, Hebraisches und Aramaisches Han-dworterbuch uber das Alte Testament, Leipzig, 1912.

enenenenciklciklciklcikl. . . . 1978 1978 1978 1978 ____ Enciklopedia Concisa Sopena. 2 tomo. Diccionario ilus-trado de la lengua espanola. Barcelona, 1978.

italitalitalital.... enis leq enis leq enis leq enis leqsiksiksiksik.... 2002 2002 2002 2002 ____ Vokabolario della lingua italiana di Niko-la Zingarelli, Bologna, 2002.

kliklikliklimomomomovivivivi 1964 1964 1964 1964 ____ Г. А. Климов, Этимологический словарь картвельс-ких язиков, Москва, 1964.

ninininiusususustretretretremi mi mi mi 1985198519851985 _ Э. Нюстрем. Библейский словарь, Торонто-Канада, 1985.

fasfasfasfasmemememeri IIri IIri IIri II, , , , 1967196719671967 _ М. Фасмер, Этимологический словарь русского языка (перевод с немецкого... О. Н. Трубачева), Москва, 1967.

fifififiloslosloslos. . . . enenenenciklciklciklcikl. . . . 1989 1989 1989 1989 ____ Философский энциклопедический словарь. 2 издание, Москва "Советская Энциклопедия", 1989.

xuxuxuxudadadadababababaSiSiSiSiaaaani ni ni ni 1986198619861986 _ aleqsandr xudabaSiani, Zveli somxuris leqsikoni, venecia 1838, erevani 1986.


303

wwwwKKKKaaaarorororoeeeebibibibi adiadiadiadiSis oTxTSis oTxTSis oTxTSis oTxT.... _ adiSis oTxTavi 897 wlisa, z. sarJvelaZis re-

daqciiT. Tb., 2003. aToaToaToaTonis mrnis mrnis mrnis mr.... _ aTonis mravalTavi. redaqtori akademikosi ele-

ne metreveli, naSromi Sesrulda g. ninuas xelmZGvanelobiT (aTonis mravalTavis Semswavleli Jgufi: m. maisuraZe, m. mamulaSvili, a. Gam-baSiZe, m. Cxenkeli) Tb., 1999.

apokapokapokapokrifrifrifrif.... _ qarTuli versiebi apokrifebisa mociqulTa Sesa-xeb (IX-XI ss. xelnawerTa mixedviT). teqsti gamosacemad moamzada, gamokvleva da leqsikoni daurTo c. qurcikiZem. Tb., 1959.

babababalahvlahvlahvlahv. . . . ____ balavarianis qarTuli redaqciebi, ilia abulaZis gamocema, Tb., 1957.

bolnbolnbolnboln. . . . _ _ _ _ ioane bolnel episkoposis qadagebani, m. JanaSvilis gamocema, tf., 1911.

gamosvlgamosvlgamosvlgamosvl. . . . _ wignni Zuelisa aGTqumisani, n. I, Sesaqmisaჲ, gamo-svlaTaჲ. Tb., 1989.

gamocxgamocxgamocxgamocx. . . . _ iovanes gamocxadeba da misi Targmaneba. teqsti gamosacemad moamzada da gamokvleva da leqsikoni daurTo ivane im-naiSvilma. redaqtori akaki SaniZe. Tb., 1961.

grgrgrgr. . . . nonononossss.... _ uZvelesi redaqciebi basili kesarielis "equsTa dGeTaჲsa" da grigoli noselis Targmanebisa "kacisa agebulebisaTჳs", gamosca il. abulaZem, Tb., 1964.

dadadadabadbadbadbad. . . . ____ dabadeba, wignni Zuelisa aGTqumisani, nakv. I Sesaqmi-saჲ gamoslvaTaჲ... Kvela arsebuli xelnaweris mixedviT gamosacemad moamzades baqar gigineiSvilma da cotne kikviZem. Zveli qarTuli mwerlobis Zeglebi XI1, Tb., 1989.

dadadadaviT aviT aviT aviT aGGGGmaSmaSmaSmaS.... _ daviT aGmaSenebeli, galobani sinanulisani. ezezezezekekekek. . . . ____ ezekielis wignis Zveli qarTuli versiebi, teqsti

gamosacemad moamzada, gamokvleva da leqsikoni daurTo T. cqitiS-vilma, Tb., 1976.

evstevstevstevst. . . . _ _ _ _ evstaTi mcxeTelis martviloba, Zv. qarTuli litera-turis qrestomaTia, I, Sedgenili s. KubaneiSvilis mier, Tb., 1946.

equsTequsTequsTequsT. . . . ddddGGGG. . . . _ uZvelesi redaqciebi basili kesarielis "equsTa dGeTaჲsa" da grigol noselis Targmanebisa "kacisa agebulebisaTvis". X-XIII ss-is xelnawerTa mixedviT gamosca, gamokvleva da leqsikoni daurTo ilia abulaZem. Tb., 1964.

vevevevefxistfxistfxistfxistKKKK. . . . _ SoTa rusTaveli, vefxistKaosani, III saskolo


304

gamocema, teqsti gamosacemad moamzada, Sesavali da ganmartebani da-urTo nodar naTaZem, aleqsi yinyaraulis redaqtorobiT. Tb., 1974.

zarzmzarzmzarzmzarzm. . . . ____ cxorebaჲ da moqalaqeobaჲ serapion zarzmelisaჲ, k. ke-keliZis gamocema, adrind. feodaluri literatura, tf., 1935.

TeTeTeTeofofofof. . . . mTamTamTamTavavavavareprepreprep. . . . _ Tqumuli wmidisa mamisa Cuenisa Teofane mTavarepiskoposisai, kesaria-kapadukielisai, Tavisa Tvisisa mimarT, Targmani wmidisa eqvTime aTonelisa. ibeydeba pirvelad, teqsti gamosacemad moamzada n. nacvliSvilma, jurn. "moKvasi" #11, Tb., 2003.

ioioioioaaaane ne ne ne ____ ioanes saxareba, qarTuli oTxTavis ori Zveli redaq-cia sami Satberduli xelnaweris mixedviT, akaki SaniZis gamocema, Tb., 1945.

ioioioioaaaane dane dane dane damasmasmasmaskkkk.... _ wminda ioane damaskeli, marTmadidebluri sa-rwmunoebis zedmiwevniTi gadmocema, ori Zveli qarTuli Targmani (wm. efrem mcirisa da wm. arsen iKalToelisa). gamosacemad moamza-des roman miminoSvilma da maia rafavam... Zegli Tanamedrove qar-Tulze Targmna, Sesavali da SeniSvnebi daurTo ediSer yeliZem. Tbilisis sasuliero akademiis gamomcemloba, marTlmadidebel mama-Ta Sromebi I, Tb., 2000.

mimimiminCxinCxinCxinCxi _ ioane minCxis poezia, teqsti gamosacemad moamzada l. xaCiZem, Tb., 1987.

ioioioioaaaane oqne oqne oqne oqroproproprop. . . . ____ ioane oqropiri, "oqros wKaro" tf., 1905, ganmeorebiTi gamocema Tb., 1991.

iiiiooooaaaanenenene pet pet pet petririririwi wi wi wi _ ioane petriwis Sromebi, t. II. tfilisi, 1937. ioioioioaaaane SavTne SavTne SavTne SavT.... _ ioane SavTeli, galobani varZiisa GmrTisSob-

lisani, saunJe I, Tb., 1960. ioioioioseb flaseb flaseb flaseb flavivivivioooosi si si si _ ioseb flaviosi, moTxrobani iudaebrivisa

ZuelsitKuaobisani I. qarTuli Targmanis teqsti gamosacemad moamza-da, gamokvleva da leqsikoni daurTo nino meliqiSvilma, mzeqala Sa-niZis redaqtorobiT. Tb., 1987.

ioioioioseb flaseb flaseb flaseb flavivivivioooosi si si si _ ioseb flaviosi, moTxrobani iudaebrivisa ZuelsitKuaobisani II. qarTuli Targmanis teqsti gamosacemad moam-zada, gamokvleva da leqsikoni daurTo nino meliqiSvilma, mzeqala SaniZis redaqtorobiT. Tb., 1988.

kikikikimemememeni I ni I ni I ni I _ qarTuli agiografiuli Zeglebi, nawili I, kimeni I, Tb., 1948.

kikikikimemememeni II ni II ni II ni II _ qarTuli agiografiuli Zeglebi, nawili I, kimeni II, Tb., 1946.


305

klarklarklarklarJJJJ. . . . mrmrmrmr.... _ klarJuli mravalTavi, teqsti gamosacemad moam-zada... T. mgalobliSvilma, Tb., 1991.

kolkolkolkol. . . . ____ wamebaჲ KrmaTa wmidaTaჲ ricxჳT cxraTaჲ (kolaeTa martჳloba), il. abulaZis gamocema, Tb., 1944.

kokokokolaslaslaslas. . . . ____ pavleni, pavles epistoleTa qarTuli versiebi, gamo-sacemad moamzades q. ZoweniZem da k. daneliam ak. SaniZis redaqciiT, Tsu Zv. qarT. enis kaT. Sr. #16, Tb., 1974.

lulululuka ka ka ka ____ lukas saxareba, qarTuli oTxTavis ori Zveli redaq-cia sami Satberduli xelnaweris mixedviT, akaki SaniZis gamocema, Tb., 1945.

mamamamaTe Te Te Te _ _ _ _ maTes saxareba, qarTuli oTxTavis ori Zveli redaqcia sami Satberduli xelnaweris mixedviT, akaki SaniZis gamocema, Tb., 1945.

mammammammam. . . . swswswsw.... _ mamaTa swavlani X da XI s-Ta xelnawerebis mixedviT gamosca ilia abulaZem. akaki SaniZis redaqciiT. Tb., 1955.

marmarmarmarkokokokozi zi zi zi _ _ _ _ markozis saxareba, qarTuli oTxTavis ori Zveli redaqcia sami Satberduli xelnaweris mixedviT, akaki SaniZis gamo-cema, Tb., 1945.

marmarmarmartviltviltviltvil. . . . konstkonstkonstkonst.... _ martvilobaჲ konstanti-kaxaჲsi, Zveli qar-Tuli agiografiuli literaturis Zeglebi, w. I, Tb., 1963.

mimimimiqaqaqaqael moel moel moel modredredredrekikikikilililili _ miqael modrekili, iambikoni, saunJe I, Tb., 1960.

mramramramravalTvalTvalTvalT.... _ mravalTavi, enimkis moambe XIV, Tb., 1944. mtbemtbemtbemtbevavavavariririri _ ioane mtbevari, galobani wmidisa basilisni, saun-

Je, Tb., 1960. mtbemtbemtbemtbevavavavari ri ri ri ____ ioane mtbevari, Zveli qarTuli sasuliero poezia,

IV. nenenenemesmesmesmes. . . . emesemesemesemes.... _ nemesios emeseli, bunebisaTჳs kacisa. berZnul-

Tagan gadmoGebuli iovane petriwis mier. s. r. gorgaZis gamocema. tfilisi 1914.

sasasasaqme moqme moqme moqme mociqciqciqciq.... _ saqme mociqulTa, Zveli xelnawerebis mixedviT gamosca ilia abulaZem akaki SaniZis redaqciiT. Tb., 1950.

sasasasaxixixixisa sitsa sitsa sitsa sitKKKK. . . . _ mჴecTaTჳs saxisa sitKuaჲ, Tqmuli wmidisa ba-sil ebiskoposisa, niko maris gamocema. TP. VI, С-Пб., 1904.

sibsibsibsibrZne sorZne sorZne sorZne sololololomomomomoninininisisisisi _ sibrZne solomonisi, naxe wignni Zue-lisa aGTqumisani.

sisisisinnnn. . . . mrmrmrmr.... _ sinuri mravalTavi 864 wlisa. akaki SaniZis redaq-ciiT, winasitKvaobiTa da gamokvleviT, Tb., 1959.


306

udabnudabnudabnudabn. . . . mrmrmrmr.... _ udabnos mravalTavi, akaki SaniZisa da zurab yumburiZis redaqciiT. Zveli qarTuli enis kaTedris Sromebi #28. Tb., 1994.

fsalmfsalmfsalmfsalm.... _ fsalmunis Zveli qarTuli redaqciebi X-XIII saukune-Ta xelnawerebis mixedviT gamosca mzeqala SaniZem. Tb., 1960.

fsevfsevfsevfsevdodododomamamamakakakakariririri _ fsevdomakaris TxzulebaTa qarTuli versia, teqsti gamosacemad moamzada, gamokvleva da leqsikoni daurTo g. ninuam. elene metrevelis redaqtorobiT. Zveli qarTuli mwerlobis Zeglebi IV, Tb., 1982.

qarqarqarqarTuTuTuTulililili leqcionaris parizuli xelnaweri (Zveli da axali aGTqmis sakiTxavebi) t. I, naw. I, gamokvleva da leqsikoni k. danelia-si, Tb., 1987.

pavpavpavpavles episles episles episles epistotototoleleleleTaTaTaTa qarTuli versiebi, gamosacemad moamzades q. ZoweniZem da k. daneliam ak. SaniZis redaqciiT, Tsu Zv. qarT. enis kaT. Sr. #16, Tb., 1974.

SeSeSeSesasasasaqmeqmeqmeqme _ wignni Zuelisa aGTqumisani, n. I, Sesaqmisaჲ, gamo-svlaTaჲ. Tb., 1989.

ZlisZlisZlisZlispppp.... _ Zlispirni da GmrTismSoblisani (ori Zveli redaq-cia X-XI ss. xelnawerebis mixedviT. gamosca da gamokvleva daurTo el. metrevelma), Tb., 1971.

xanmxanmxanmxanm. . . . teqstteqstteqstteqst.... _ xanmeti teqstebi, nakv. I. teqsti gamosacemad moamzada, gamokvleva da simfonia daurTo lamara qaJaiam, mzeqala SaniZis redaqciiT, Tb., 1984.

xanmxanmxanmxanm. . . . leqcleqcleqcleqc.... _ xanmeti leqcionari, fototipiuri reproduq-cia. gamosca da simfonia daurTo akaki SaniZem. Zveli qarTuli enis Zeglebi I, Tb., 1944.

xanZTxanZTxanZTxanZT. . . . ____ giorgi merCule, grigol xanZTelis cxovreba, Zv. qar-Tuli lit. qrestomaTia, I, Sedgenili s. KubaneiSvilis mier, Tb., 1946.

hahahahabo bo bo bo _ _ _ _ ioane sabanisZe, martviloba abo tfilelisa, k. kekeli-Zis gamocema, adrind. feodaluri literatura, tf. 1935.


307

Nino Khakhiashvili

Towards the History of the Word ḳaci ("a man")

S u m m a r y

A word ḳḳḳḳaci and the nouns formed from it, composits, word-correspon-dencess and idioms are attested in the oldest, reached up-to-date original texts as well as in translated ones.

In old texts a word ḳḳḳḳaci is evidenced with different meanings. From these meanings a basic conception is adamiani "a human-being", then mamaḳḳḳḳaci "a man", kmari "a husband", važžžžḳḳḳḳaci (ȢȢȢȢlieri) "brave (a storg-man)", ššššuamavali, , , , ššššuaḳḳḳḳaci "a mediator" and others.

Phonological, semantical, etymological and typological picture is analyzed in the present article.

qaqaqaqaÒÈÅÄËÖÒÒÈÅÄËÖÒÒÈÅÄËÖÒÒÈÅÄËÖÒ ÄÍÄÍÄÍÄÍaaaaÈÈÈÈaaaa ÓÔÒÖÓÔÒÖÓÔÒÖÓÔÒÖqqqqÔÖÒÉÓÔÖÒÉÓÔÖÒÉÓÔÖÒÉÓ ÓÓÓÓaaaaÊÉÈáÄÁÉÊÉÈáÄÁÉÊÉÈáÄÁÉÊÉÈáÄÁÉ. . . . X. . . . 2009200920092009

lalalalali xuli xuli xuli xuyuayuayuayua

qarTul-rusuli bibliuri frazeologiuri

leqsikonisaTvis

ganuzomelia bibliisa da misi Targmanebis gavlena enebis for-

mirebaze, ganviTarebasa Tu SenarCunebaze. xangrZlivi istoriuli pe-riodis ganmavlobaSi bibliuri simbolika mkvidrdeboda adamianis azrovnebaSi. uamravi sitKva, frazeologiuri erTeuli da aforizmi warmoiqmna bibliis teqstis an misi siujetis bazaze.

lingvistur literaturaSi bibliuri frazeologizmebi srulKofilad Seswavlili ar aris, Tumca am mxriv sainteresoa i. xrazinskas, n. gorbaCovis, l. granovskaias, s. onoprienkos, v. mendel-sonis da sxvaTa naSromebi.

cnobilia, rom frazeologizaciis process xels uwKobs frag-mentebis Sinaarsobrivi datvirTva da maTi maGali esTeturi teq-sturi Girebulebebi. umetes SemTxvevaSi es aris idiomebi da afo-rizmuli gamonaTqvamebi, romlebic gamoxataven xazgasmiT dasrule-bul azrs. es aris azri-Sedegi, emociurad da enobrivad Semkuli. bibliuri frezeologizmebis eqspresiuloba da lakonizmi iZleva ma-Ti Semdgomi Sinaarsobrivi gamdidrebis saSualebas. amis naTel maga-liTs warmoadgenen Semdegi frazeologizmebi èklesiastedan~ (mcxe-Turi xelnaweri, èklesiaste~, 44 _ 49 gv.):

1:2 amaoeba amaoTa, Kovelive amao. Суета сует (и всяческая суета).

1:4 naTesavi warvals da naTesavi movals, da queKana ukunisa-mde hgies. Род проходит и род приходит, а земля пребывает вовеки.

1:6 simrgulesa T‚ssa moiqcevis suli.

Возвращается ветер на круги своя. Возвращаться на круги своя.

qarTul-rusuli bibliuri frazeologiuri leqsikonisaTvis

309

1:18 romelman SesZinos cnoba, SesZinos mas salmoba. Во многой мудрости много печали.

3:5 jami ars dadebad qva� da jami ars Sekrebad qvisa. Время разбрасывать камни и время собирать камни.

3:20 Kovelive Seiqmna miwisagan da Kovelive miiqcevis miwad.

Все произошло из праха и все возвратится в прах.

5:14 isev SiSveli gabrundeba, rogorc movida dedis muclidan.

Умрем, ничего с собою не возьмем

eklesiaste (mqadagebeli) _ wigni adamianisa, romelic msJe-lobs cxovrebis Sesaxeb. es aris brZenis naazrevi, romelic Kvela amqveKniur movlenas GvTis nebas ukavSirebs. eklesiastes cnobili sitKvebi àmaoeba amaoTa, Kovelive amao~ gulisxmobs ara marto pi-rad problemebze zrunvas, aramed GvTis gareSe cxovrebis amaoebas. amaoebaSi igulisxmeba dabadeba, cxovreba, muSaoba, amqveKniuri tan-Jva da siamovneba, sikvdili _ Kvelaferi es xom amaoa maradisobas-Tan SedarebiT. es frazeologizmi gavrcelebulia mraval enaSi.

rogorc korneli kekeliZe wers, èklesiaste~ originalSic Zneli gasagebia da berZnul TargmanSic, sadac sitKva-sitKviTaa gadmocemuli ebrauli formebi da konstruqciebi, rac berZnul enas ver egueba. ufro unugeSo mdgomareobaSia is Targmani, romelic berZnulidan warmomdgara. (mcxeTuri xelnaweri, gv. 14).

arsebobs èklesiastes~ qarTuli Targmanis oTxi redaqcia: oS-kis, mcxeTis, baqaris da petriwonuli.

mcxeTur bibliaSi ori xelnaweria. orive wKdeba V Tavis II muxlze da orive erTi redaqciisaa,kaligrafiulad meore teqsti ukeTesia. oSkis redaqcia ufro mcxeTisas uaxlovdeba. petriwonis _ naTargmnia sitKva-sitKviT, rogorc es sCvevia petriwonis skolas. mcxeTuri Targmani Sedarebul iqna danarCen qarTul redaqciebTan, berZnul septantasTan, somxur veneciis gamocemasTan, voskanis bib-liebTan da ebraulis rusul TargmanTan. aGmoCnda, rom mcxeTuri Targmani somxurze damokidebulebas gviCvenebs.

zemoT moKvanili frazeologizmebi aGebulia mcxeTuri xelna-weridan, romelic, rogorc avGniSneT, V Tavis II muxlze wKdeba. ami-tomac V Tavis XIV muxlis frazeologizmi (isev SiSveli gabrundeba, rogorc movida dedis muclidan) aviGeT sapatriarqos mier gamoce-

l . x u y u a

310

muli bibliis axali Targmanidan (eklesiaste, 587 – 594 gv.). rac Seexeba rusul SesatKvisebs, mizanSewonilad CavTvaleT

gvesargebla bibliuri frazeologizmebis leqsikoniT Л. Г. Кочеды-

ков, Л. В. Жильцова Краткий словарь библейских фразеологизмов» im gamonaklisis garda, rodesac frazeologizmi leqsikonSi Setanili ar aris da is gavrcelebulia orive enaSi. magaliTad, Все прои-

зошло из праха и все возвратится в прах» _ Kovelive Seiqmna miwisa-gan da Kovelive miiqcevis miwad.» 3:20.

mizanSewonilad migvaCnia muSaobis dawKeba orenovani, qarTul-rusuli bibliuri frazeologiuri leqsikonis masalis SerCevasa da damuSavebaze, rac xels SeuwKobs SemdgomSi samecniero muSaobis ganviTarebas am mimarTulebiT.

lilililiteteteterarararatutututurararara::::

1. biblia. saqarTvelos sapatriarqo, Tbilisi, 1989, 1215 gv. 2. mcxeTuri xelnaweri. Tbilisi, mecniereba, 1985, 380 gv.

Lali Khutchua

Towards the Georgian-Russian Biblic Phraseologic Dictionary

S u m m a r y

Influence of Bible and its translations on forming, developing and preserving

of languages is a well-known fact. Numerous words, phraseological units and aphorisms were created on the basis of Biblic texts and stories.

Biblic phraseologisms are not sufficiently studied. A phraseological process is promoted by a rich content of fragments and their high aesthetic value. In most cases these are idioms and aphorisms, which express underlined finished thought. Expressiveness and laconism of the Biblic phraseology give possibility of their enriching from the semantics as well as language viewpoint.

We consider purposful to begin work on the material of bilingual Georgian-Russian dictionary of the Biblic phraseologism, which will aid the development of scientific activity towards this point.


cicicicira JanJGavara JanJGavara JanJGavara JanJGava

oTxi megruli sitKva sitKvawarmoebisa da idiomebSi

monawileobis TvalsazrisiT

Koveli enis sxvadasxva leqsikuri erTeulebi nawarmoeb

sitKvebsa da idiomebSi maTi gamoKenebis TvalsazrisiT sxvadasxva unars avlenen. bunebrivia, es Seexeba megrul-lazuri enis megrul dialeqtsac. amJerad Cven SevexebiT aGniSnuli TvalsazrisiT aqtiu-robiT gamorCeul oTx megrul sitKvas: guri `guli~, dudi `Tavi~, Toli `Tvali~, Suri `suli~.

gggguuuuriririri `guli~ zanuri (megrul-lazuri) sitKva guguguguriririri `guli~ SesatKvisebs

hpovebs sxva qarTvelur enebSi, amitom, bunebrivia gugugugulililili saerToqar-Tvelur kuTvnilebad aris miCneuli (rozeni 1844, 31; rozeni 1946, 48; Ciqobava 1938, 65...). am sitKvas SesatKvisebi aqvs mTis iberiul-kavkasiur enebSi (uslari 1887, 127; yaraia 1912, 22...).

guguguguriririri megrul dialeqtSi, sxva qarTveluri ena-dialeqtebis msgavsad, mravali warmoqmnili saxelisa Tu kompozitis Semadgeneli nawilia: gugugugurararara `guladi; braziani~, gugugugurerererebabababa `gabrazeba~. gugugugurarararamimimimi `gu-liani, guliTadi~, uguuguuguugurererere ùgulo~... gurgurgurguryuayuayuayua `gulis tkivili~, gurgurgurgurmeymeymeymeyviaviaviavia `gulCvili~, gurgurgurgurgedgedgedgedvavavavalilililiriririri `guldadebuli~, gurgurgurgurCaCaCaCamimimimilililili `gaazrebuli~, gurgurgurgursasasasayoyoyoyo `guldawKvetili~...

SeiZleba iTqvas, rom megruli sxva qarTvelur ena-dialeqtebs exmianeba idiomatur gamoTqmebSi gurgurgurgur sitKvis gamoKenebis Tvalsaz-risiTac _ aq is Kvelaze xSirad xmarebuli sitKvaa:

gur migur migur migur miaaaaCaCaCaCamumumumu `guli miecema~ gurq qagurq qagurq qagurq qalalalalayuyuyuyu `guli dawKda~ (zedmiw. `gulma daewva~) gurs orgurs orgurs orgurs orkukukuku `guls aklia~ gurq engurq engurq engurq entutututu `guli wauvida~ (zedmiw. `gulma gaeqca~) gur uGurugur uGurugur uGurugur uGuru `guli ukvdeba~

c . J a n J G a v a

312

guguguguriS firiS firiS firiS ficacacacariririri `gulis ficari~ gurq murTgurq murTgurq murTgurq murTˆ̂̂̂ `gabrazda~ (zedmiw. `guli mouvida~) Sur do guSur do guSur do guSur do guriTriTriTriT `suliT da guliT~ (zedmiw. `sul da guliT~) gurs jangurs jangurs jangurs jangiq qimgiq qimgiq qimgiq qimkakakakasusususu `guli wauxda~ (zedmiw. `guls jangi waesva~) bjaS gubjaS gubjaS gubjaS guriririri `mzis guli~ arT guarT guarT guarT guriS koriS koriS koriS koCiCiCiCi èrTguli kaci~ (zedmiw. èrTi gulis kaci~) guguguguriS SqiriS SqiriS SqiriS Sqiriririrituatuatuatua `xalisis dakargva~ (zedmiw. `gulis Caqroba~) gur mi‡ongur mi‡ongur mi‡ongur mi‡onˆ̂̂̂ `gabrazda~ (zedmiw. `guli moiKvana~, ix. zemoT

gurq murTgurq murTgurq murTgurq murTˆ̂̂̂) guguguguriS giriS giriS giriS ginornornornorTuTuTuTuaaaafafafafa `gulis gadaKoleba~ (zedmiw. `gulis gadarTva~) gurq gugurq gugurq gugurq gutirxtirxtirxtirxˆ̂̂̂ `guli gautKda~ (zedmiw. `gulma gautKda~)... `gulis~ aseTi aqtiuri gmoKeneba gasagebi gasagebi iqneba, Tu

gaviTvaliswinebT, rom qarTvelisaTvis `g u l i warmodgenilia a z -r o v n e b i T i p r o c e s e b i s centrad, g r Z n o b i s wKarod, t e m p e r a m e n t - x a s i a T i s ganmsazGvrelad da organuli S e -g r Z n e b e b i s ... amTviseblad~ (Ciqobava 1938, 66).

dududududidididi `Tavi~ dududududidididi, romelic saerToqarTveluri sitKvaa (Ciqobava 1938, 44-45;

klimovi 1964, 75; fenrixi, sarJvelaZe 2000, 177), megrulSi mraval idiomatur gamoTqmaSia warmodgenili. am mxriv, `gulis~ Semdeg, es sitKva Kvelaze xSiri gamoKenebisaa.

dududududidididi gvxvdeba or- da samkomponentian (agreTve, oTxkomponen-tian) idiomatur gamoTqmebSi, romlebic atributul (saxelur) an predikatul (zmnur) sintagmebs warmoadgens.

o r k o m p o n e n t i a n i i d i o m e b i: dus kvadus kvadus kvadus kvaTunsTunsTunsTuns àrcxvens, Tavs yris~ dus gedus gedus gedus gexexexexe `Tavze azis~ (zedmiw. `Tavs azis~) dududududiS dudiS dudiS dudiS dudidididi `mTavari~ (zedmiw. `Tavis Tavi~) dus wi‡onensdus wi‡onensdus wi‡onensdus wi‡onens `Tavs waixdens~ dus gidus gidus gidus ginodnodnodnodvansvansvansvans `Tavs gawiravs, Tavs gadadebs~ dududududiS gidiS gidiS gidiS giSaGalaSaGalaSaGalaSaGala `Tavis daZvrena~ (zedmiw. `Tavis gamotana~) dus vadus vadus vadus vazozozozogensgensgensgens `Tavs ar zogavs~ dududududiS osdiS osdiS osdiS osxuxuxuxununununuriririri `Zvirfasi~ (zedmiw. `Tavis umJobesi~) dududududiS oxediS oxediS oxediS oxeriririri ùkuGmarTi~ (zedmiw. `Tavis oxeri~) da sxva.

b) s a m - d a o T x k o m p o n e n t i a n i i d i o m e b i: sasasasaqmesqmesqmesqmes dusdusdusdus qiqiqiqigedgedgedgedgunsgunsgunsguns `saqmes Tavs daadgams~

oTxi megruli sitKva sitKvawarmoebisa da idiomebSi...

313

mumumumuTuTuTuTuniSniSniSniS duddudduddud vauGuvauGuvauGuvauGu àraferi SeuZlia, arafris Tavi ar aqvs~. dud godud godud godud goxarxarxarxarcqas uGucqas uGucqas uGucqas uGu `Tavi uskdeba~ (zedmiw. `Tavi gaxeTqvas aqvs~) dus didus didus didus dixas daxas daxas daxas daCaCaCaCanunununuaaaansnsnsns `Tavs mouxris, daemorCileba~ (zedmiw.

`Tavs miwas daawvdens~) xe do dus guxe do dus guxe do dus guxe do dus gululululuansansansans `Tavs evleba~ (zedmiw. `xels da Tavs

Semoavlebs~) da sxva. dududududidididi sitKvis idiomebSi xSir gamoKenebasTan kavSirSia megrul

nawarmoeb sitKvebsa da kompozitebSi misi gamoKenebis sixSire. duddudduddud---- fuZisagan derivaciiT aris nawarmoebi: dududududdddami `Tavia-

ni~, udududududddde º udududududddduri ùTavo~, nadududududddda `magari araKi~, dududududdddeba º dududududdddala `Tavis mobma~, dududududdddens `Tavs abams, xelmZGvanelobs~, dududududddde-li `Tavmobmuli~ da sxva.

duddudduddud---- fuZe Sedis mravali kompozitis SemadgenlobaSi: duddudduddudGoronTi `mTavari, mama GmerTi~, duddudduddudkoCi `meTauri, Tavkaci~, dududududdddosuri `xelmZGvaneli qali~ (zedmiw. `Tavqali~), duddudduddudmaxvenJi `TavmJdomare~, duddudduddudmaKare `maKrionis xelmZGvaneli~ (zedmiw. `Tav-maKari~), dududududdddardebuli `Tavxedi~ (zedmiw. `Tavagdebuli~), dududududdddoxva-meri `mTavari sadGegrZelo~ (zedmiw. `TavsadGegrZelo~) da sxva.

ToToToTolililili `Tvali~ megruli TolTolTolTol-isagan, romelic qarTuli TvalTvalTvalTval-is SesatKvisad

miiCneva (rozeni 1846, 46; Ciqobava 1938, 45-46; klimovi 1964, 93; fenrixi, sarJvelaZe 2000, 235-236), afiqsaciiT ramdenime sitKva iwarmoeba: ToToToTollllieri `Tvaladi~, ToToToTollllami `Tvaliani~, uToToToTolllle ùTva-lo~, naToToToTolllle àvgarozi~, naToToToTollllu º (go)ToToToTolllliri `gaTvaluli, Tval-nakravi~, ToToToTolilililige! `geTaKva!~...

ToToToTolililili xSirad iGebs monawileobas kompozitebis warmoebaSi: ToToToTo(llll)----‡uJi `KuradGeba~ (zedmiw. `Tval-Kuri~), uTolTolTolTol‡uJe ùKuradGebo~ (zedmiw. ùTvalKuro~), TolTolTolTolsinTe `Tvalis sinaTle~, TolTolTolTol----wari `Tval-warbi~, JGarToToToTollllami `yrelTvaleba~, TolTolTolTolwkurili `Tvaldaxuyuli~, ToToToTolilililisqvami `lamazTvaleba~ (zedmiw. `Tval-lama-zi~), ToToToTolilililiorqo òqrosTvaleba~ (zedmiw. `Tval-oqro~), ToToToTolilililigvira `TvalebbrdGviala~, ToToToTo(llll)iiiiseri `saswauli~ (zedmiw. `Tvalis seiri~).

ToToToTolililili Sedis rig idiomatur gamoTqmaSi, romlebic ganekuTvne-bian rogorc saxelur SesitKvebebs, ise _ zmnurs.

a) s a x e l u r i S e s i t K v e b e b i (atributuli sintagme-bi): ToToToToliS luliS luliS luliS lubabababa `quTuTo~ (zedmiw. `Tvalis ube~), ToToToToliS yurliS yurliS yurliS yuryuyuyuyu----li li li li º nanananakakakakaka Toka Toka Toka Tolililili `Tvalis guga~ (zedmiw. Sesabamisad `Tvalis wer-

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tili, winwkali, buStuki~ º `Semokodili Tvali~), ToToToToliS oyiliS oyiliS oyiliS oyiririririnananana----fufufufu `Tvalsazieri~ (zedmiw. `Tvalis misawvdeni~), ToToToToliS ZiliS ZiliS ZiliS Zigigigigiriririri ùsiamovno ram~ (zedmiw. `Tvalis ekali~), ToToToToliS goliS goliS goliS govavavavalalalalafafafafa º ToToToTo----liSliSliSliS mmmmeeeerrrrqaqaqaqa/iiii `Tvalis daxamxameba~ (zedmiw. `Tvalis gaelveba~)...

b) z m n u r i S e s i t K v e b e b i (atributuli sintagmebi) SeiZleba iKos orSemadgenliani an samSemadgenliani:

o r S e m a d g e n l i a n i _ Tolq qiTolq qiTolq qiTolq qimimimimiagâgâgâgˆ `gaiTvala, Tvali eca~ (zedmiw. `Tvalma miartKa~), ToToToToli mikmali mikmali mikmali mikmabibibibinunununu èZineba~ (zedmiw. `Tvali ebneva~), TolTolTolTolˆ̂̂̂Sa vaSa vaSa vaSa vaZiZiZiZirurururuaaaafufufufu àr moswons, eJavreba~) (zedmiw. `Tvals ar enaxveba~), ToToToTolems uvarlems uvarlems uvarlems uvarvavavavalulululuansansansans `Tvalebs abrialebs~ (zedmiw. `Tvalebs avarvarebs~), TolTolTolTolˆ̂̂̂Sa quSa quSa quSa qumurmurmurmurTuTuTuTu `moewona~ (zedmiw. `TvalSi mouvida~)...

s a m S e m a d g e n l i a n i _ Tols CiTols CiTols CiTols Cilalalalamumumumuri asri asri asri asqqqquuuu `gulamos-kvniT tiris, Tvalidan cremli Gapa-GupiT Camosdis~ (zedmiw. `Tvals cremli eskvneba~), TolSa kiTolSa kiTolSa kiTolSa kiTi veTi veTi veTi vemiGinemiGinemiGinemiGine ùkuni sibnelea, TvalTan TiTs ver miitan~, ToToToTolems uGu ykualems uGu ykualems uGu ykualems uGu ykua `zerelea, uykuoa~ (zedmiw. `TvalebSi aqvs ykua~)...

megrul-lazuri SuSuSuSuriririri `suli~ sitKvis kanonzomieri fonetiku-ri SesatKvisebi gvaqvs Kvela qarTvelur enaSi, amitom es sitKva sa-erToqarTveluri leqsikuri fondis kuTvnilebaa (rozeni, 1844, 34; cagareli 1880, 51; Ciqobava 1938, 366; fenrixi, sarJvelaZe 2000, 423-424).

SuriSuriSuriSuri `suli~ SuSuSuSuriririri `suli~ megrulSi farTod aris gamoKenebuli derivateb-

sa da kompozitebSi. aGniSnuli sitKvisagan gvaqvs rogorc prefiqsuli, ise sufiq-

suri da prefiqsul-sufiqsuri warmoebis nimuSebi. prefiqsad nononono---- º na na na na---- gamoiKeneba: nononono-Suri º na na na na-Suri `dasunTquli (gvelis pirSexebuli)~ sufiqsur warmoebaSi gvxvdeba ----amamamam, , , , ----eTeTeTeT, , , , ----elelelel, , , , ----oooo sufiqsiani

devrivatebi. ----amamamam: Sur-amamamam-i `suniani~ (aqedan ----iaiaiaia sufiqsiT: Suram-iaiaiaia `xemKrali~). ----eTeTeTeT: : : : Sur-eTeTeTeT-i `saiqio~ ----elelelel:::: Sur-elelelel-i `dasunTquli~ ----oooo:::: Sur-oooo `sulac ar...~ sakmaod xSiria SurSurSurSur---- fuZisagan prefiqsul-sufiqsuri warmoeba. o o o o _ _ _ _ e e e e º o o o o _ _ _ _ eTeTeTeT: : : : oooo-Sur-eeee º oooo-Sur-eTeTeTeT-i `saiqio~ ma ma ma ma _ _ _ _ al al al al : : : : mamamama-Sur-alalalal-i `damsunTqveli~

oTxi megruli sitKva sitKvawarmoebisa da idiomebSi...

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na na na na _ _ _ _ a a a a º na na na na _ _ _ _ eeee: : : : nananana-Sur-aaaa º nananana-Sur-eeee `dasunTquli~ u u u u _ _ _ _ eeee: : : : uuuu-Sur-eeee ùsulo; usuno~ KuradGebas iqcevs SurSurSurSur---- fuZisagan sxvadasxva afiqsebiT nawar-

moebi erTi mniSvnelobis mqone sitKvebi (sinonimebi): noSuSuSuSurrrri º na-SuSuSuSurrrri º SuSuSuSurrrreli º naSuSuSuSurrrra º naSuSuSuSurrrre `dasunTquli~ da SuSuSuSurrrreTi º oSuSuSuSurrrre º oSuSuSuSurrrreTi `saiqio~.

roca SurSurSurSur---- fuZe kompozitis pirveli komponentia, meore kom-ponenti SeiZleba iKos arsebiTi da zedsarTavi saxelebi, ufro xSi-rad _ nazmnari saxelebi:

SurSurSurSur-guri `suli da guli~ (SurSurSurSur-guriT `suliT da guliT~); u u u u _ _ _ _ e e e e cirkumfiqsiT: uSuruSuruSuruSurgugugugurererere ùsulgulo~).

SurSurSurSur-kunta `sulmokle~ SurSurSurSur-dgˆmili `suldgmuli~ SurSurSurSur-malafu `momakvlavi~ SurSurSurSur-sanTxo `sunamo~ (zedmiw. `sulis dasasuni~) SurSurSurSur-ubumu `sulgakmedili~ da sxva. sainteresoa, rom megrul dialeqtSi, sakuTriv megruli SurSurSurSur-

is gverdiT, qarTuli dialeqturi wridan SeTvisebuli sunsunsunsun-ic gvxvdeba sitKvaSi sunsunsunsunToToToToba ba ba ba º sunsunsunsunTaTaTaTaooooba ba ba ba `micvalebulis moxseniebis dGe~; Sdr. qarT. dial. sulsulsulsulTaTaTaTaooooba ba ba ba imave mniSvnelobiT (megrulSi l l l l → nnnn arabunebrivi lT lT lT lT kompleqsis superaciis Sedegad).

SuSuSuSuri ri ri ri xSirad gvxvdeba idiomatur gamoTqmebSi (igulisxmeba ro-gorc orsitKviani, ise samsitKviani saxeluri da zmnuri SesitKvebebi):

SuSuSuSuriS xiriS xiriS xiriS xirua rua rua rua `sulis gakmeda~ (zedmiw. `sulis moparva~) SuSuSuSuriS dGa riS dGa riS dGa riS dGa `micvalebulis xsenebis dGe~ (zedmiw. `sulis dGe~) Sur do xorSur do xorSur do xorSur do xorciT ciT ciT ciT `mTlianad, erTianad, sul~ (zedmiw. `suliT

da guliT~) Surq geSurq geSurq geSurq geSalSalSalSalˆ̂̂̂ `suli amoxda~ (zedmiw. `sulma amouvarda~) Surq gerKSurq gerKSurq gerKSurq gerKˆ̂̂̂ `mokvda~ (zedmiw. `sulma gaeKara~) SuSuSuSuriS eSaGala riS eSaGala riS eSaGala riS eSaGala `Sewuxeba~ (zedmiw. `sulis amoGeba~) Sur goSur goSur goSur gotu tu tu tu `suli ganuteva~ Sur midgSur midgSur midgSur midgˆ̂̂̂ `momZlavrda, qoneba SeiZina~ (zedmiw. `suli moidga~) SuSuSuSuriS kiriS kiriS kiriS kirurururua a a a `danaKreba~ (zedmiw. `sulis Sekvra~) SuSuSuSuriS qariS qariS qariS qali vali vali vali vafu fu fu fu `xma gakmenili aqvs~ da sxva. sitKvaTa Seswavla maTi nawarmoeb sitKvebsa Tu SesitKvebebSi

gamoKenebis TvalsazrisiT mniSvnelovan informacias gvawvdis saTana-do enis msoflxedvis Sesaxeb, amitom am mimarTulebiT kvleva-Ziebis gagrZeleba aqtualur amocanad gvesaxeba.

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lilililiteteteterarararatutututurararara kliklikliklimomomomovivivivi 1964 1964 1964 1964 _ Г. А. Климов, Этимологический словарь картвель-

ских языков, Москва. rorororozezezezeni ni ni ni 1844184418441844 _ G. Rozen, Über die Sprache der Lazen, Berlin. rorororozezezezeni ni ni ni 1846184618461846 _ G. Rozen, Ossetische Sprachlehre nebst einer Abhan-

dlung über das Mingrelische, Suanische und Abchasische, Berlin. ususususlalalalariririri 1887 1887 1887 1887 _ П. К. Услар, Абхазский языык, Тифлис. fenfenfenfenririririxixixixi, , , , sasasasarJverJverJverJvelalalalaZe Ze Ze Ze 2000200020002000 _ h. fenrixi, z. sarJvelaZe, qarTve-

lur enaTa etimologiuri leqsikoni, Tbilisi. CiCiCiCiqoqoqoqobabababava va va va 1938 1938 1938 1938 _ arn. Ciqobava, yanur-megruli-qarTuli Seda-

rebiTi leqsikoni, Tbilisi. cacacacagagagagarerererelililili 1880 1880 1880 1880 _ А. Цагарели, Мингрельские этюды, вып. II. Опыт

фонетики мингрельскогo языка, Санкт-Петербург. yayayayararararaiaiaiaia 1912 1912 1912 1912 _ П. Чарая, Об отношении абхазского языка к яфетиче-

ским, Санкт-Петербург.

Tsira Janjgava

Four Megrelian Words from the Viewpoint of Word-Forming and Participating in the Idioms

S u m m a r y

Different lexical units of each language manifest different abilities from the

viewpoint of their using in derived words and idioms. Four Megrelian words are dis-tinguished in this respect: guri “heart”, dudi “head”, toli “eye”, šuri “soul”. They are Common Kartvelian words, as they occur in the Laz dialect and they have cor-respondences in other Kartvelian languages.

Among the mentioned four words guri “heart” is mostly used in composits, derivates and idioms. This will be clear, if we take into account the fact, that for a Georgian man heart is a centre of thinking process, a source of feeling, determining temperament and character (Arn. Chikobava).

Studing of words in derivative words and word-correspondences taking into account their using, gives us important information on world outlook of a relevant language.

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ninininino Jorno Jorno Jorno JorbebebebenanananaZeZeZeZe

-obobobob TemisniSniani saSuali gvaris zmnaTa

struqturul-semantikuri analizi

----obobobob TemisniSniani saSuali gvaris zmnaTa raodenoba Tanamed-

rove qarTulSi 600-s ayarbebs. es ----obobobob Temis niSnis didi produqti-ulobiT aixsneba: is Tavisuflad awarmoebs axal formebs rogorc saxeladi, aseve, zmnuri Zirebisagan. amisTvis xeli unda SeewKo ima-sac, rom, rogorc z. yumburiZe aGniSnavs (z. yumburiZe 1986, 108), nasaxelar zmnebTan ----eeeebbbb Temis niSnis SemTxvevaSi awmKos III piris mx. ricxvis forma (*(*(*(*babababatontontonton----ebebebeb----s s s s = = = = babababatontontonton----obobobob----ssss)))) daemTxveoda saxelis mr. ricxvis micemiTi brunvis formas ((((babababatontontonton----ebebebeb----i i i i _ _ _ _ babababatontontonton----ebebebeb----ssss).).).).

pirianobis TvalsazrisiT gvxvdeba rogorc erTpiriani, ise ori da, iSviaTad, sampiriani formebic ki (b. JorbenaZe 1980, 101). amaTgan, orpirian formebSi warmodgenilia xan iribi, xan ki pirda-piri obieqti. es ukanaskneli (aqac da sampirian formebSic) Semdeg aris ganviTarebuli (r. enuqaSvili 1974; l. nozaZe 1974, 49). isic aGsaniSnavia, rom p0-iani zmnebi, ZiriTadad, labiluri formebia: isini konteqstis mixedviT xan Txouloben p0-s, xan ki _ ara; anu, erTi omonimuri forma iTavsebs ori mniSvnelobis gamoxatvas:

mag.: laparakobs is (saubrobs) laparakobs is mas (ambobs is mas) dardobs is (nerviulobs) dardobs is mas (raGacaze nerviulobs) cruobs is (itKueba) cruobs is mas (tKuils ambobs)

m. suxiSvilis azriT, am tipis formebs potenciurad aqvT p0-is Sexamebis unari, rac enaSi kidevac aisaxeba (m. suxiSvili 1999, 115).

gvaqvs ramdenime forma, sadac p0 imdenad Seesisxlxorca zmnur mniSvnelobas, rom am fuZis erTpiriani variantebi ukve aGar gvxvdeba. aseTi formebia:

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varaudobs is mas nanobs is mas qiraobs is mas grZnobs is mas ukadrisobs is mas

3-piriani formebidan aGsaniSnavia: swKalobs is mas (mas) (s)ZGvnobs is mas mas

isic aGsaniSnavia, rom 3-piriani formebis nacvlad xSirad sul sxva Ziris zmnebi gamoiKeneba: Cuqnis is mas mas (nacvlad formi-sa sZGvnobs), aZlevs is mas mas (nacvlad formisa swKalobs).

aqedan, swKalobs ufro xSirad orpiriani Sinaarsis gamosaxa-tavad ixmareba (mas GmerTi swKalobs).

labilur formebad iqcnen piris niSnis dakargvis Semdeg irib-obieqtiani (orpiriani) zmnebic. erTi da igive forma gamoiKeneba erTpiriani da orpiriani Sinaarsis gamosaxatavad:

mkiTxaobs daraJobs 1. is (mkiTxavia) 1. is (daraJia) 2. is qals 2. is saxls mkurnalobs Tamadobs 1. is (Tavis Tavs // mkurnalia) 1. is (Tamadaa) 2. is pacients 2. is sufras rogorc ukve aGvniSneT, ----obobobob Temis niSani aqtiurad awarmoebs

axal formebs rogorc saxeladi, aseve zmnuri fuZeebisagan. ase rom, warmoSobis (warmoebis) mixedviT ----obobobob TemisniSnian zmnebSi ramdenime Jgufi gamoiKofa:

1111. . . . sasasasakuTkuTkuTkuTriv zmnuriv zmnuriv zmnuriv zmnuri Ziri Ziri Ziri Zirerererebibibibi:::: banaobs, byobs; goraobs, grZnobs; dumobs; naTobs; flobs; qanaobs; (h)Kvarobs, KvinTaobs; Svenobs, So-obs, Surobs; Cagrobs; cdilobs, cnobs, curaobs; (s)Zulobs; wva-lobs; yidaobs; xtunaobs;

2222. . . . nanananasasasasaxexexexelalalalari Ziri Ziri Ziri Zirerererebibibibi:::: aaaa) ) ) ) ararararsesesesebiT sabiT sabiT sabiT saxelxelxelxelTaTaTaTagan nagan nagan nagan nawwwwararararmomomomoeeeebibibibi:::: 1111)))) mar mar mar martitititivi arvi arvi arvi arsesesesebibibibiTeTeTeTebibibibisasasasagangangangan:::: abragobs, avazakobs, alafobs, ama-

gobs, amxanagobs, artistobs, aqimobs; bavSvobs, balGobs, banditobs, batonobs, beladobs, bindobs, biyobs, budobs, bunagobs, buntobs, burTaobs; gmirobs, gulobs, gundaobs, guSagobs; dalaqobs, dara-Jobs, diplomatobs, dirijorobs, diqtatorobs, durglobs; erobs; vardobs, vajobs, vezirobs, vercxlobs, vizitobs; Tamadobs, TarJim-

-ob TemisniSniani saSuali gvaris zmnaTa...

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nobs, TaGliTobs, Tevzaobs; ialaGobs, iuristobs; kavalrobs, ka-cobs, keisrobs, kerpobs, kruxobs; laSqrobs, leqsobs, litaniobs, loTobs, lomobs; maimunobs, metaniobs, mzeobs, mizezobs, mindvrobs, misnobs, musikobs, muSaobs; nadimobs, nadirobs; omobs, oratorobs, ostatobs, oJaxobs; partizanobs, partniorobs, patriotobs, patro-nobs, pedagogobs, poetobs, purobs; redaqtorobs, rejisorobs; sa-rdlobs, saxlobs; fasobs, firalobs; qadagobs, qalobs, qeifobs, qo-robs, qurdobs; Gonobs; Karaulobs, KoCobs; Sefobs; cecxlobs; ZaG-lobs, Zmobs; xulignobs, xuroobs; Jambazobs, JaSuSobs, Jeirnobs, Jibgirobs, Jiqobs;

2222) ) ) ) warmowarmowarmowarmoqmnil arqmnil arqmnil arqmnil arsesesesebiTbiTbiTbiTTaTaTaTagangangangan: : : : avkacobs; berikacobs; glaxakobs, gulTmisnobs; dedakacobs, dedoflobs, diasaxlisobs, didkacobs, dGesaswaulobs; vajkacobs; Tavkacobs; mamakacobs, mgzavrobs, megzu-robs, meTaurobs, meqrTameobs, mecxvareobs, mewisqvileobs, mTavrobs, mogzaurobs, momTabareobs, mociqulobs, mGvdelTmTavrobs; qalba-tonobs; Suakacobs; xevisbrobs;

bbbb) ) ) ) zedzedzedzedsarsarsarsarTav saTav saTav saTav saxelxelxelxelTaTaTaTagan nagan nagan nagan nawarwarwarwarmomomomoeeeebibibibi:::: 1111) ) ) ) viviviviTaTaTaTarerererebibibibiTi zedTi zedTi zedTi zedsarsarsarsarTaTaTaTavevevevebibibibisasasasagangangangan:::: avobs, amaKobs, ancobs; beJi-

Tobs, borotobs, briKvobs; gijobs; didobs, dinJobs; veragobs; zan-tobs; kapasobs, keklucobs, kvimatobs; lamazobs, laGobs, laCrobs; mamacobs, muKaiTobs, muxanaTobs; oxunoxunoxunoxunJJJJobsobsobsobs; regvenobs; sastikobs, su-lelobs, sustobs; tutucobs; ficxobs, flidobs; quSobs; Sorobs; celqobs, cetobs, civobs, cruobs, cuGlutobs; Zvirobs; wuwkobs; yarbobs; xamobs, xSirobs; Jiutobs;

2222) ) ) ) mimimimimarmarmarmarTeTeTeTebibibibiTi zedTi zedTi zedTi zedsarsarsarsarTaTaTaTavevevevebibibibisa da misa da misa da misa da mimmmmGGGGeeeeoooobebebebebibibibisasasasagangangangan: : : : avgu-lobs, aTasferobs; brazianobs; geslianobs, guladobs; erTgulobs; zarmacobs, zviadobs; TavmJdomareobs, Tavxedobs; kudabzikobs, kudi-anobs; mabezGarobs, mavneblobs, maTxovrobs, marCielobs, marxulobs, maswavleblobs, mbrZaneblobs, medidurobs, mefobs, mecnierobs, mzrunvelobs, mkiTxaobs, mkurnalobs, moGvaweobs, moKvrobs, mrecxa-obs, mruSobs, msaJulobs, mtaceblobs, mfarvelobs, mZlavrobs, mwer-lobs, mwKemsobs, myedlobs; pirmcinarobs, pirferobs, pirquSobs; sa-dgurobs, sazrdoobs, saTuTobs, samarTlobs, sargeblobs, saqmobs, sitKvamaxvilobs; umadurobs, ufrosobs, uqnarobs, ucxoobs; qedmaG-lobs; winamZGolobs; yirveulobs, ykvianobs;

gggg) ) ) ) riririricxcxcxcxviT saviT saviT saviT saxelxelxelxelTaTaTaTagan nagan nagan nagan nawarwarwarwarmomomomoeeeebibibibi:::: pirvelobs; dddd) ) ) ) pirpirpirpirvevevevelalalaladi sadi sadi sadi sawwwwKKKKiiiisesesesebisbisbisbisgan nagan nagan nagan nawarwarwarwarmomomomoeeeebi fubi fubi fubi fuZeZeZeZegagagagaororororkekekekececececebubububuli li li li

ZiZiZiZirerererebibibibi, romelTac Kvelas (TiTqmis) ----ebebebeb TemisniSniani variantic moe-poveba (es ukanaskneli ufro saliteraturo forma unda iKos):


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kivkivobs, kriyinobs, kowiwobs; liklikobs; roxroxobs; tikti-kobs; farfaSobs, fafxurobs, facifucobs, facurobs, fxakunobs;

rogorc ukve aGvniSneT, am zmnebidan Kvelas aqvs ----ebebebeb TemisniS-niani varianti (kivkivkivkivkikikikivebsvebsvebsvebs, , , , krikrikrikriyyyyiiiinebsnebsnebsnebs, , , , likliklikliklilililikebskebskebskebs, , , , roxroxroxroxrorororoxebsxebsxebsxebs, , , , tiktiktiktik----titititikebskebskebskebs) aTiode formis garda, romlebic mxolod ----obobobob Temis niS-niT arian warmodgenili. aq fonetikuri faqtori unda iKos Careu-li: Tu inlautSi uuuu xmovani gvaqvs, anlautSi ki _ nebismieri sxva, ----ebebebeb Temis niSnis nacvlad KovelTvis ----obobobob sufiqsi gveqneba: fafafafafxufxufxufxu----robsrobsrobsrobs, , , , fafafafacicicicifufufufucobscobscobscobs, , , , fafafafacucucucurobsrobsrobsrobs.

fuZis daboloebis mxriv gamoiKofa Semdegi Jgufebi: 1111) ) ) ) TanTanTanTanxmoxmoxmoxmovanvanvanvanze daze daze daze dabobobobololololoeeeebubububulililili:::: alafobs, amaKobs; beJiTobs,

brazobs; daraJobs, dedoflobs, didgulobs, dirijorobs; eqimobs; zeimobs; Tamadobs; kacobs, keklucobs; liderobs; mamacobs, mdivnobs, megzurobs, megobrobs, mkurnalobs, mogzaurobs, munJobs; naTobs, na-nobs; oxunJobs, oJaxobs; patronobs; sadgurobs; fasobs; qalobs, qo-magobs, qurdobs; Kbedobs; cuGlutobs; winamZGolobs; JaSuSobs;

2222) ) ) ) xmoxmoxmoxmovanvanvanvanze daze daze daze damTavmTavmTavmTavrerererebubububulililili:::: a) ----a xmoa xmoa xmoa xmovavavavannnnze daze daze daze dabobobobololololoeeeebubububulililili:::: araraobs, askinkilaobs; banaobs,

burTaobs, butiaobs, buqnaobs, buqsaobs, buCaobs; goraobs, gunda-obs; daobs; enaobs; vaobs; Taobs, Tevzaobs; kafiaobs, kekelaobs, ken-wlaobs, kenyaobs, kinklaobs, kmaobs, kopwiaobs, koxtaobs, koyaobs, kurdGlaobs; lazGandaraobs, lalaobs, laqiaobs, leqsaobs; mamla-Kinwaobs, masxaraobs, mkiTxaobs, moZraobs, mrecxaobs, muSaobs; nana-obs; pampulaobs, peplaobs, pranyiaobs; rikaobs; salaobs, sxvaobs; tlinkaobs; farikaobs; qanaobs, qiraobs; KelKelaobs, KvinTaobs, Kur-Kumelaobs; Soltaobs; Cxirkedelaobs; cigaobs, ciguraobs, crupen-telaobs; ZiZgilaobs; wuwaobs; yidaobs, yoraobs, yKumpalaobs; xtu-naobs; Jikaobs;

b) ----e xmoe xmoe xmoe xmovanvanvanvanze daze daze daze dabobobobololololoeeeebubububulililili:::: enamzeobs; TavmJdomareobs; mdgomareobs, mdebareobs, meduqneobs, mevaxSeobs, meveleobs, mekobre-obs, merKeobs, meSurneobs, mecadineobs, mecxvareobs, mewvrilmaneobs, mewisqvileobs, meyuryleobs, mzeobs, mneobs, moTaveobs, momdinare-obs, momTabareobs, momyirneobs, monawileobs, morigeobs, mosaxle-obs, moGvaweobs, mxneobs; pirmoTneobs; rCeobs; uzneobs; Greobs;

g) ----i xmoi xmoi xmoi xmovanvanvanvanze daze daze daze dabobobobololololoeeeebubububulililili:::: baqiobs, enataniobs, Taniobs, laTaiobs, laqiobs, litaniobs, metaniobs, mutaciobs, uarSiobs, ce-remoniobs, Ziobs;

d) ----o xmoo xmoo xmoo xmovanvanvanvanze daze daze daze dabobobobololololoeeeebubububulililili:::: droobs, martoobs, sazrdo-obs, ucxoobs, Snoobs, Soobs, Cqroobs, warmoobs, xuroobs;


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e) ----u xmou xmou xmou xmovanvanvanvanze daze daze daze dabobobobololololoeeeebubububulililili:::: gvelaZuobs, (h)guobs, qsuobs, cruobs, xuobs;

aGsaniSnavia, rom iiii----ze daboloebuli zmnebi saxelisagan aaaa xmovnis SekveciT arian miGebulni:

baqi-a _ baqi-ob-s laqi-a _ laqi-ob-s

metani-a _ metani-ob-s enatani-a _ enatani-ob-s ceremoni-a _ ceremoni-ob-s

ase rom, aq zmnaTa amosavali aaaa-xmovanze daboloebuli saxele-bia, ucxo warmoSobis an nawarmoebi swored ----aaaa sufiqsiT (lalalalaqiaqiaqiaqia, lllliiiitatatatanianianiania, , , , memememetatatatanianianiania, , , , mumumumutatatataciaciaciacia, , , , lilililitatatatanianianiania,,,, erTi mxriv, da babababaqiaqiaqiaqia, , , , enaenaenaenatatatata----nianianiania, meore mxriv).

rac Seexeba sakuTriv i i i i xmovanfuZian saxelebs, aseTi formebi qarTulSi Zalian iSviaTia (rogorc wesi, nasesxebi) da maTgan nawar-moebi ----obobobob TemisniSniani zmnebi ar gvxvdeba.

rogorc vxedavT, aaaa-ze daboloebuli saxelebi ----obobobob Temis niSnis darTvisas ikvecebian (dasaxelebul zmnaTa garda am formebs SeiZle-ba davumatoT arseb-ob-s (arseb-a), baGn-ob-s (baGan-a), bger-ob-s (bger-a), da-ob-s (dav-a), uqnar-ob-s (uqnar-a), Srom-ob-s (Srom-a)).

igive SeiZleba iTqvas eeee-ze daboloebul zmnebzec: budbudbudbud----obobobob----s s s s ((((budbudbudbud----eeee)))), , , , mefmefmefmef----obobobob----s s s s ((((mefmefmefmef----eeee)))), , , , momomomoKKKKvrvrvrvr----obobobob----s s s s ((((momomomoKKKKvarvarvarvar----eeee)))), , , , xelxelxelxelmwifmwifmwifmwif----obobobob----s s s s ((((xelxelxelxelmwifmwifmwifmwif----eeee).).).).

aqve gvaqvs fuZeukveceli aaaa //// eeee daboloebiani da ----obobobob TemisniS-niani formebic:

aaaa:::: gundaobs, enaobs, kekelaobs, kopwiaobs, koxtaobs, lazGanda-raobs, laqiaobs, masxaraobs, pampulaobs, cigaobs;

eeee:::: TavmJdomareobs, mdgomareobs, mdebareobs, meveleobs, mekob-reobs, mewisqvileobs, mimdinareobs, moTaveobs, morigeobs, mosaxle-obs, moGvaweobs;

ratom ikvecebian erT SemTxvevaSi aaaa //// eeee xmovnebi da ratom ara _ meoreSi?

fonetikur-semantikuri procesi iCens Tavs TiTqos ----eeee----ze dabo-loebul zmnebTan. nawarmoebi formebi (umetesad memememe----eeee, , , , momomomo----eeee prefiqs-sufiqsebiT) ukvecelobisken iCenen midrekilebas (Tumca, Sdr.: momomomo----KKKKvavavavare re re re ---- mo mo mo moKKKKvrobsvrobsvrobsvrobs; ; ; ; xelxelxelxelmwimwimwimwife fe fe fe ---- xel xel xel xelmwimwimwimwifobsfobsfobsfobs).

rogorc cnobilia, mawarmoebeli ----aaaa fuZis bolokiduri aaaa-sagan gansxvavebiT ar ikveceba, Sdr.:


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dedofala _ dedofalaTi (da ara *dedofaliT) masxara _ masxaraTi (da ara *masxariT) cisartKela _ cisartKelaTi (da ara *cisartKeliT) aseve: wiwiwiwiTeTeTeTelalalalaTiTiTiTi (daavadda), SavSavSavSavTvaTvaTvaTvalalalalaTiTiTiTi, , , , qeqeqeqerarararaTiTiTiTi, , , , ululululvavavavaSaSaSaSaTiTiTiTi

da a.S. (mravlobiT ricxvSi Kvela es fuZe ikveceba: dededededodododofafafafalelelelebibibibi, , , , masmasmasmasxaxaxaxarerererebibibibi, , , , cicicicisarsarsarsarttttKKKKeeeelelelelebibibibi, , , , SavSavSavSavTvaTvaTvaTvalelelelebibibibi, , , , qeqeqeqererererebibibibi). am formaTa darad xom ar inarCuneben ----eeee xmovans zemoaGniSnuli zmnebi? momomomoKKKKvrobsvrobsvrobsvrobs, , , , xelxelxelxelmwimwimwimwifobsfobsfobsfobs formaTa kvecadoba SeiZleba imiT avxsnaT, rom isini ukve aGar aGiqmebian nawarmoeb saxelebad.

rac Seexeba a a a a xmovanze daboloebul zmnebs, aq msgavs viTarebas ver vivaraudebT. Kvelafers rom Tavi davaneboT, gvaqvs paraleluri babababaqiqiqiqiobsobsobsobs _ _ _ _ babababaqiqiqiqiaaaaobsobsobsobs, , , , kekekekekekekekelobslobslobslobs _ _ _ _ kekekekekekekekelalalalaobsobsobsobs, , , , lalalalaqiqiqiqiobsobsobsobs _ _ _ _ lalalalaqiqiqiqiaaaaobsobsobsobs, , , , masmasmasmasxrobsxrobsxrobsxrobs _ _ _ _ masmasmasmasxaxaxaxararararaobsobsobsobs, , , , cicicicigobsgobsgobsgobs _ _ _ _ cicicicigagagagaobsobsobsobs da sxva amdagvari formebi.

garda amisa, aaaa----daboloebian zmnebSi gamoiKofa iseTi Jgufic, sadac ----aaaa-s verc saxelidan gadmoKolilad ver miviCnevT (rogorc es aris lalalalaqia qia qia qia > > > > lalalalaqiqiqiqiaaaaobsobsobsobs formaSi) da verc _ amosavali zmnuri fu-Zidan (mag.: curcurcurcur----avavavav----s s s s > > > > curcurcurcur----aaaa----obobobob----ssss). aseTi formebia: babababananananaobsobsobsobs, , , , TevTevTevTevzazazaza----obsobsobsobs, , , , kinkinkinkinklaklaklaklaobsobsobsobs, , , , fafafafaririririkakakakaobsobsobsobs, , , , qiqiqiqirarararaobsobsobsobs, , , , KKKKelelelelKKKKeeeelalalalaobsobsobsobs, , , , KKKKururururKKKKuuuumemememelalalalaobsobsobsobs, , , , cicicicigugugugurarararaobsobsobsobs, , , , ZiZZiZZiZZiZgigigigilalalalaobsobsobsobs, , , , yyyyiiiidadadadaobsobsobsobs, , , , yyyyKKKKumumumumpapapapalalalalaobsobsobsobs.... riTi unda avxsnaT am formebSi ----aaaa bolosarTis arsebobis faqti?

saxelebisagan momdinare zmnebis erT rigSi gansxvavebas ----aaaa bo-losarTian da Sekvecil formebs Soris zmnuri semantikis erTi niu-ansi ganapirobebs: rogorc g. gogolaSvili aGniSnavs (g. gogolaSvi-li 1980, 61-62), Sekvecili formebi amosavali saxeliT gamoxatul mniSvnelobasTan zmnuri subieqtis srul Sesabamisobaze migviTiTeben:

ciga _ cigobs (cigis movaleobas kargad asrulebs) leqsi _ leqsobs (kargi leqsia, SeiZleba Tamamad ewodos leqsi) Solti _ Soltobs (Soltis movaleobas kargad asrulebs) amave saxelebisagan ----aaaa bolosarTis SenarCunebiT (an misive da-

matebiT) miGebul formebs ukve sul sxva daniSnuleba _ amosavali saxeliT gamoxatuli sagniT, misi daxmarebiT Cadenili, Sesrulebu-li moqmedebis gamoxatva aqvT. Sdr.:

ciga _ cigaobs (cigiT srialebs) leqsi _ leqsaobs (leqsiT `moqmedebs~) Solti _ Soltaobs (SoltiT moqmedebs) aGniSnuli tipis zogi sxva (rogorc saxelidan, aseve, zmnisa-

gan momdinare) formis asaxsnelad ki Cven cucucucurarararaobs obs obs obs tipis formebis genezisi dagvexmareba.


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samecniero literaturaSi aGniSnulia, rom curcurcurcur----avavavav----s s s s / / / / curcurcurcur----aaaa----obobobob----ssss formebs Soris semantikuri sxvaobaa; rom curcurcurcur----aaaa----obobobob----s s s s miGebu-lia curcurcurcur----avavavav----ssss zmnisagan da amaTgan:

1) curcurcurcur----avavavav----ssss aGniSnavs xazovan da erTJerad moqmedebas; 2) curcurcurcur----aaaa----obobobob----s s s s (amasTan dakavSirebiT ix. d. meliqiSvili

2001, 131) gamoxatavs erT wertilSi refleqsuri moZraobis mraval-Jerad, intensiur moqmedebas; am tipis formebi `zogadi awmKos~, `zogadi drois~ funqciiT gamoiKenebian ufro xSirad (b. JorbenaZe 1975, 202).

swored erT wertilSi refleqsuri, mravalJeradi, intensiuri moqmedebidan mivdivarT `zogad awmKomde~, romelic aseve (marTalia, ukve drois didi periodis) ganmeorebad, ama Tu im sagnisaTvis dama-xasiaTebel moqmedebas gviCvenebs.

ase rom, erTi mxriv: bavbavbavbavSvi zSvi zSvi zSvi zGGGGvavavavaSi cuSi cuSi cuSi curarararaobsobsobsobs.... (aqeT-iqiT dacuravs,

mravalgzis da ukuqceviT moZraobebs akeTebs ga-

rkveul monakveTze).

meore mxriv: bavbavbavbavSvi Svi Svi Svi KKKKoooovelvelvelvelddddGGGGe bae bae bae baseseseseininininSi cuSi cuSi cuSi curarararaobsobsobsobs. (aq, Se-iZleba, bavSvi xazovan da erTgzis, curavs formiT gamoxatul moqmedebas asrulebdes Ko-

veldGiurad, magram es moqmedeba mainc ukuqce-

viTi da mravalgzisia drois didi monakveTis

(erTi kviris, wlis) ganmavlobaSi).

rogorc b. JorbenaZe aGniSnavs (b. JorbenaZe 1975, 202), Se-mTxveviTi ar aris, rom am dros ----obobobob Temis niSani gamoiKeneba, rome-lic Tavisi funqciiT abstraqtul saxelTa ----obobobob----aaaa sufiqss ukavSir-deba; ----obobobob TemisniSniani saSuali gvaris zmnebisaTvis ki es mniSvne-loba ucxo ar aris (SeiZleba davamatoT, gansakuTrebiT, paralelu-ri cucucucuravsravsravsravs----cucucucurarararaobsobsobsobs tipis formebisaTvis).

ase rom, aaaa----ze daboloebuli zmnebis meore nawilSi xmovnis ukveceloba imiT aris gamowveuli, rom Kvela es forma ganzogade-bul, mravalgzis, intensiur moqmedebas gviCvenebs, romelsac swored aaaa----obobobob mawarmoebeli Seefereba.

iseT formebSi, sadac ----aaaa arc ----avavavav Temis niSnis naSTia da arc saxelidan gadmoKolili bolokiduri xmovani, analogiasTan unda gvqondes saqme: ar aris aucilebeli amave fuZis paraleluri ----avavavav Te-misniSniani zmnebis arseboba (miT umetes, rom zogierT formasTan es sruliad warmoudgenelia; mag., aseTebTan _ KKKKelelelelKKKKeeeelalalalaobsobsobsobs, , , , KKKKurururur----


324

KKKKuuuumemememelalalalaobsobsobsobs, , , , CxirCxirCxirCxirkekekekededededelalalalaobsobsobsobs, , , , cicicicigugugugurarararaobsobsobsobs, , , , ZiZZiZZiZZiZgigigigilalalalaobsobsobsobs, , , , yyyyKKKKumumumumpapapapalalalalaobs obs obs obs _ Sinaarsidan gamomdinare, maT ver eqnebaT paraleluri, ----avavavav Temis-niSniani, erTgzisi da xazovani qmedebis aGmniSvneli formebi). Cans, am zmnebs pirdapir auGiaT `mza~ ----aaaa----obobobob sufiqsi (ix. l. nozaZe 1974, 26).

daskvnis saxiT SeiZleba iTqvas, rom ----obobobob TemisniSniani saSua-li gvaris zmnebSi pirianobis, warmoSobisa da fuZis daboloebis mxriv mravalferovani masala ikveTeba, romlis Semdgomi, ufro da-wvrilebiTi da Grma analizi momavlis saqmed gvesaxeba.


1. gggg. . . . gogogogogogogogolaSlaSlaSlaSvivivivili li li li 1980198019801980 _ g. gogolaSvili, -av elementian me-dioaqtiur zmnaTa Sesaxeb qarTulSi, narkvevebi iberiul-kavkasiur enaTa morfologiidan, Tb., 1980.

2. rrrr. . . . enuenuenuenuqaSqaSqaSqaSvivivivili li li li 1974197419741974 _ r. enuqaSvili, saSuali gvaris zmne-bi Zvel qarTulSi (sakandidato disert. avtoreferati), Tb., 1974.

3. dddd. . . . memememelilililiqiSqiSqiSqiSvivivivili li li li 2001200120012001 _ d. meliqiSvili, qarTuli zmnis uGlebis sistema, Tb., 2001.

4. llll. . . . nonononozazazazaZe Ze Ze Ze 1974197419741974 _ l. nozaZe, medioaqtiv zmnaTa warmoebis zogi sakiTxi qarTulSi, ike, XIX, Tb., 1974.

5. mmmm. . . . susususuxiSxiSxiSxiSvivivivili li li li 1999199919991999 _ m. suxiSvili, gardamavloba, ergatiu-loba da gvari qarTulSi (sadoqt. disertacia), Tb., 1999.

6. zzzz. . . . yyyyumumumumbubububuririririZe Ze Ze Ze 1986198619861986 _ z. yumburiZe, mKofadi qarTvelur enebSi, Tb., 1986.

7. bbbb. . . . JJJJororororbebebebenanananaZe Ze Ze Ze 1975197519751975 _ b. JorbenaZe, zmnis gvaris formaTa warmoebisa da funqciis sakiTxebi qarTulSi, Tb., 1975.

8. bbbb. . . . JJJJororororbebebebenanananaZe Ze Ze Ze 1980198019801980 _ b. JorbenaZe, qarTuli zmnis formob-rivi da funqciuri analizis principebi, Tb., 1980.


325

Nino Jorbenadze

The Structural-semantic Analysis of the Medial Verbs with the Thematic Suffix -obobobob in Modern Georgian

S u m m a r y

There are some groups of medial verbs with the thematic suffix ----obobobob in Modern Georgian :

1. Mono and polypersonal verbs (saubrobs is ; nanobs is mas ; dara-Jobs is mas ; swKalobs is mas mas) ;

2. The forms differing by their origin : •••• Verbal forms (naTobs) ; •••• Verbs derived from nouns, pronouns and numerals (kacobs ; amaKobs ; pirvelobs) ;

3. The verbs differing by their ending : some verbs have final vowels (aaaa _ Tevzaobs ; eeee _ mdebareobs ; iiii _ enataniobs ; oooo _ ucxo-obs ; u u u u _ cruobs) ; and the others have final consonants (zei-mobs...).

qaqaqaqaÒÈÅÄËÖÒÒÈÅÄËÖÒÒÈÅÄËÖÒÒÈÅÄËÖÒ ÄÍÄÍÄÍÄÍaaaaÈÈÈÈaaaa ÓÔÒÖÓÔÒÖÓÔÒÖÓÔÒÖqqqqÔÖÒÉÓÔÖÒÉÓÔÖÒÉÓÔÖÒÉÓ ÓÓÓÓaaaaÊÉÈáÄÁÉÊÉÈáÄÁÉÊÉÈáÄÁÉÊÉÈáÄÁÉ. . . . XXXX. . . . 2009200920092009

TedoTedoTedoTedo uTurgaiZe uTurgaiZe uTurgaiZe uTurgaiZe

r e c e n z i a

m. C u x u a s naSromze _ `bgeraTSesatyvisobaTa sistema qarTvelur-naxur enebSi", 2006

m. C u x u a s naSromi _ `bgeraTSesatyvisobaTa sistema qarTve-

lur-naxur enebSi" warmodgenilia filologiis mecnierebaTa doqto-ris xarisxis mosapoveblad. naSromi Sedgeba Sesavlisa da sami nawili-sagan: I nawilSi ganxilulia rekonstruirebuli vokaluri saerToenu-ri, anu saerTonaxur-qarTveluri vokaluri sistemis mimarTeba saer-ToqarTvelur da saerTonaxur sistemasTan.

II nawili eZRvneba konsonantur sistemebs, erTi mxriT, saerTo-qarTveluri da, meore mxriT, saerTonaxuri sistemebis mimarTebas re-konstruirebul fuZeenur sistemasTan. II nawili Svidi Tavisgan Sedge-ba: cal-calkea ganxiluli sonantTa, sibilantTa da xSulTa sxvadasxva rigis TanxmovanTa Sesatyvisobebi.

naSromis III nawilSi warmodgenilia TanxmovanTa sistemebis sin-tagmaturi analizi gansaxilvel enaTa jgufebSi maT amosaval winaree-nasTan (`fuZeenur" sistemasTan) mimarTebiT.

naSromis bolos warmodgenilia daskvnebi, erTvis gamoyenebuli da damowmebuli literaturis sia. sul naSromi Seicavs kompiuteriT nabeWd 307 gverds.

kargad aris cnobili dava iberiul-kavkasiur enaTa naTesaobis Sesaxeb. dava dRemde grZeldeba. am davis simZafres kargad warmogvid-gens n. trubeckois lamis saukunis win (1922 w.) gakeTebuli gancxadeba qarTvelur da Crdilokavkasiur enaTa istoriuli urTierTobis Sesa-xeb: "Пока не установлены аналогичные соответствия между "картвельскими" фонемами и фонемами севернокавказских языков, мы не имеем права говорить о кавказской языковой общности, и всякая теория, предполагающая эту общность данной, должна быть признана фантастической" (Латеральные

recenzia m. Cuxuas naSromze _ `bgeraTSesatKisobaTa...

327

согласные в севернокавказских языках", krebulSi: Избранные труды по филологии" М. 1987, gv. 234).1

qarTveluri da kavkasiuri enebis naTesaobis mtkicebidan yvela-feri isev `fantastikis sferoSi" darCeba, Tu dRes gansaxilveli na-Sromi, romelic swored regularul fonetikur Sesatyvisobas eZRvne-ba qarTvelur da naxur enebs Soris, ver gaamarTlebs Tavis saTaurs. meore mxriv, Tu fonemuri regularuli Sesatyvisoba dadgindeba am ori jgufis enebs Soris, fasi daedeba am enaTa morfologiuri katego-riebis paradigmaTa formalur-semantikur msgavsebas. ufufufufro mero mero mero metitititi, ro-gorc disertanti varaudobs, saerTonaxurisa da saerToqarTveluris naTesaoba xids gadebs qarTveluri enebis kavkasiis sxva enaTa jgufeb-Tan naTesaobasTanac, ramdenadac, magaliTad, daRestnur-naxuri enebis saerTo warmomavlobis mtkiceba mainca da mainc did winaaRmdegobas ar awydeba.

ra daxvda disertants naxur-qarTveluri genetikuri saerTo warmomavlobis xaziT? _ msjeloba naxur-qarTveluri saerTo leqsikis Sesaxeb (i. javaxiSvili, T. goniaSvili, g. klimovi, g. burWulaZe...) da arasistemuri kvleva Sesatyvisobis poziciidan. saWiro iyo istoriul-SedarebiTi meTodis mkacrad dacva da konkretulad naxur-qarTvelu-ri enebis saerTo genetikuri warmomavlobis mtkicebisaTvis saTanado meTodis gamomuSaveba komparativistikaSi arsebuli wesebis gaTvaliswi-nebiT, radgan, rogorc disertanti aRniSnavs, `naxur-qarTvelur bge-raTSesatyvisobaTa kvlevas, pirdapiri mniSvnelobiT Tu visaubrebT, istoria ar gaaCnia" (gv. 16).

disertantma, upirveles yovlisa, Seqmna `qarTvelur-naxuri Se-darebiTi leqsikoni, Semdeg mis safuZvelze xdeba rekonstruqcia saer-ToqarTveluri da saerTonaxuri sistemebisa, romelTac qronologiu-rad win uZRoda winare-qarTveluri da winare-naxuri sistemebi. eseni asaxaven winareenur sistemaSi maTi Tanaarsebobis periods. maSasadame, jer igeba sistema Tanamedrove enaTa monacemebis mixedviT, Semdeg ukve rekonstruirebuli sistemebis urTierTmimarTebaTa safuZvelze, fone-tikuri varianetebis gaTvaliswinebiT, rekonstruirdeba sistemebi fu-ZeenaSi, romelic warmoadgens qarTvelur-naxuri erTianobis amosaval qronologiur periods. magaliTad, naxur enebSi mJRemJRemJRemJReriririri > mkveTmkveTmkveTmkveTriririri

1 aq naxsenebi ànalogiisTvis" n. trubeckoi uTiTebs b e r Z n u l i s, s a n s -

k r i t i s a da l a T i n u r i s naTesaobaze r e g u l a r u l i f o n e m u r i

S e s a t y v i s o b i s s a f u Z v e l z e da ara naTesaobiTi an braldebiara naTesaobiTi an braldebiara naTesaobiTi an braldebiara naTesaobiTi an braldebiTi Ti Ti Ti

brunvebis msgavsad gamoyenebasa da funqcionirebaze am enebSibrunvebis msgavsad gamoyenebasa da funqcionirebaze am enebSibrunvebis msgavsad gamoyenebasa da funqcionirebaze am enebSibrunvebis msgavsad gamoyenebasa da funqcionirebaze am enebSi (x. Cemia _ T. u.).


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Tu mkveTmkveTmkveTmkveTriririri > mJRemJRemJRemJReriririri dgindeba saerToqarTvelurTan mimarTebiT: Tu qarTul ZirSi rekonstruirdeba mJReri, maSin winarenaxurSi amosava-lad mJReri ivaraudeba da a. S.

saerTonaxuris urTierTsapirispiro fonetikuri gardaqmnebiT Seqmnili viTareba zust misamarTs iRebs pranaxurisa da praqarTvelu-ris fuZeenur mimarTebaSi, magaliTad: bacb. dokkkk ~ inguS.-iCq. duogggg saerTo naxuris faqtia; amosavali saxe Sepirispirebul formaTaTvis dgindeba pranaxurSi qarTveluri Cvenebis mixelviT: amosavalia iC.-in-guS. gggg, radgan qarTulSi Seesabameba mJReri varianti _ gggg (gggguli), e. i. Zireuli g ~ k saerTonaxurSi meoreulia da isini unda aixsnas saerTonaxuris fonetikur cvlilebaTa gaTvaliswinebiT.

meTodur siaxled migvaCnia SesatyvisobaTa dadgena Zireul masa-laSi klasis niSanTa gauTvaliswineblad.

meTodologiuri siaxlea qarTvelur-naxur enaTa Sesatyvisobebi-sa da ZiebaSi SeSeSeSebrubrubrubrunenenenebubububuli wyoli wyoli wyoli wyobisbisbisbis ZirTa gamovlena da maTi gaTva-liswineba SedarebiT analizSi (s.-qarTv. *Eesk : s.-nax. skiE).

axla, rac Seexeba fonemaTa Sesatyvisobebs konkretulad:

v o k a l i z m i

disertantis varaudiT, rogorc saerToqarTuli, ise saerTona-xuri vokaluri sistema iyo martivi _ Sedgeboda xuTi xmovnisagan: /*a *e *i *o *u/. bunebrivia, fuZeenur sistemaSic xuTi xmovania savarau-debeli. is gansxvaveba, rac sinqroniul doneze gvaqvs enebs Soris jgu-febis SigniTac da jgufebis mimarTebaSic, gviandelia, kerZod, gviande-lia palatalizebuli, nazalizebuli da grZeli xmovnebi; gansxvavebiT qarTveluri enebisgan, naxur enebSi xmovanTa nazalizaciac xdeba.

konkretuli Zirebis mixedviT naCvenebia xmovan fonemaTa Sesa-tyvisoba rogorc naxuri da qarTveluri jgufebis SigniT, ise saerTo-qarTvelurisa da saerTonaxuris mimarTebaSi, rac sabolood iZleva saSualebas amosavali xmovani gamoiyos fuZeenaSi. sanimuSod mogvyavs sqema fuZeenuri /*a/-s korespondenciebisaTvis saerToqarTvelursa da saerTonaxurSi


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fuZe-enuri

s.-qarTv. s.-nax.

*a *a s.-qarT. *kac- : s.-nax. *sTak-

*a *a *o s.qarT. *tal- (s.-nax.) *tol (iCq. tulg | tolg, ing. tolg)

*a *e s.-qarTv. *kanZ- : s.-nax. kej (ing. keJ, bacb. keW)

*a *i s.-qarTv. *nax- : s.-nax. nih٨ (qarT. naxori; inguS.-bacb. nih٨)

aseve saerToqarTvelur /*e/-s saerTonaxurSi Sesatyviseba saer-

Tonaxuri /*a/ [s.-qarTv. *wEer : s.-nax. *WKn (<*WEan `nikapi")] an saer-Tonaxuri /*i/ (s.-qarTv. *Eesk-ul- `varskvlavi" : s.-nax. *skiE- s.-qarTv. -eb (mr. sufiqsi) : s.-nax. -bi (mravl. sufiqsi bacburSi).

aRar ganvagrZobT xmovanTa Sesityvebebis Cvenebas sarecenzio na-Sromis mixedviT. aRvniSnavT, rom masala saguldagulod aris daZebni-li da Sepirispirebuli formaluri da semantikuri TvalsazrisiT, fonetikuri gadaxrebic argumentirebulia, magaliTad *wEer : *WKn (<*WEan) SesatyvisobaSi a xmovnis sigrZe sakompensacioa ([E]-s dakar-gvisa), [E]-sac gamarTleba eZebneba s.-qarT. *wEer-is mixedviT.

Cveni SeniSvna am nawilis mimarT da, saerTod, sadisertacio na-Sromis mimarT mTlianad aris sesxebaTa gauTvaliswinebloba, ufro zustad: samecniero literaturaSi nasesxebad miCneuli sityvebis (Ta-nac kulturis sferoSi) SesatyvisobebSi Setana komentaris gareSe, ma-galiTad iseTi nasesxobebi, romelTac indo-iranul enebSi fonemuri Sesatyvisobebi eZebna (x o r b a l i, v a n i, v e r Z i ...) uTuod moi-Txovda qronologiur komentars (sesxebis droisa da mimarTulebis gansazRvriT).

meore Cveni SeniSvna vokalizmTan dakavSirebiT exeba samecniero literaturaSi arsebuli gansxvavebuli rekonstruqciisTvis gverdis avlas. mxedvelobaSi gvaqvs winareqarTvelurSi sami mokle da grZeli xmovnis rekonstruqcia (T. gamyreliZe, g. maWavariani). amrigad rekon-struirebuli sistema da misi Semdgomi cvlileba gansxvavebulia sadi-sertacio naSromSi warmodgenilisagan.

SesaZlebelia vifiqroT, rom disertanti Cvengan moiTxovs aseT analizs; iZleva mxolod sakuTar variants... saintereso ki iyo ukve


330

cnobili debulebebis miseuli komentaris mosmena. sesxebasTan dakavSirebiT, vfiqrobT, saWiroa imis gaTvaliswineba,

rom zogi `saerTo warmomavlobis", anu `fuZeeniseuli" Ziri SesaZloa nasesxebi iyos uSuuSuuSuuSuaaaalo urlo urlo urlo urTiTiTiTiererererToToToTobis gziTbis gziTbis gziTbis gziT: qarTuli enis aRmosav-leT saqarTvelos dialeqtebi uSualod esazRvrebian naxur samyaros wova-TuSebi (bacburi enis matareblebi) xom mravalsaukunovani urTi-erTobiT arian dakavSirebuli mTis dialeqtTa warmomadgenlebTan. aseT viTarebaSi, ra Tqma unra Tqma unra Tqma unra Tqma undadadada, sityvaTa sesxebas ver gamovricxavT, piriqiT, aucileblobiT ivaraudeba. sanimuSod aviRoT winamdebare na-SromSi gaanalizebuli galo `muxlis an mklavis didi Zvali" (TuS., xevs., fS.). mas aRmosavleT saqarTvelos baris dialeqtebsa da qarTu-li enis dasavlur dialeqtebSi ver SevxvdebiT. sarecenzio naSromSi miTiTebuli svanuri gul `muxli" ar Cans v. Tofuriasa da m. qaldanis `svanur leqsikonSi", verc institutis svanma TanamSromlebma dagvidas-tures. vfiqrobT, galo nasesxebia aRm. saqarTvelos mTis dialeqtebSi (svanurisTvis ki saWiro iyo wyaros miTiTeba, Tu aseTi aris).

qarTvelur-naxuri enebis genetikuri struqturuli msgavsebis TvalsazrisiT (xmovanTa Sesatyvisobis fonze) uTuod mniSvnelovania isic, rom (1) morfemis farglebSi naxur enebsac ar axasiaTebs xmovan-Ta kombinaciebi, morfemaTa sazRvrebze ki msgavsi morfonologiuri cvlilebebi viTardeba (V-V>V ɸ, V-V > VV ɵ...), (2) sityvis bolos xmo-vanTa reduqcia wova-TuSursa da svanurSi, Cveni mxriT davsZenT _ aRm. saqarTvelos mTis dialeqtebSic (rac vaJa-fSavelas poeziaSi mka-fiod gamoCnda); (3) vfiqrobT, amaT (1, 2) unda daematos ormarcvlia-nobis tendencia, rac fonematuri genetikuri Tviseba Cans sityvaTa sigrZesTan dakavSirebiT (genetikuri damaxasiaTebelia fuZeTa erT- da ormarcvlianoba).

k o n s o n a n t i z m i

rekonstruirebul saerTonaxur TanxmovanTa sistemaSi, saerTo-

qarTvelurisgan gansxvavebiT, warmodgenilia laterali /l&/, intensiu-ri xSulebi, faringaluri napralovnebi h٨ da D; orsave rekonstrui-rebul sistemaSi zis sonanti /E/; rac Seexeba /~/ sonants, igi ar Cans saerToqarTvelur sistemaSi (ix. gv. 79).

II nawilis dasawyisSi disertanti specialurad msjelobs `sonor-Ta sistemis amosavali tipis" Sesaxeb saerToqarTvelurSi (gv. 81).

disertantis replikiT T. gamyreliZisa da g. maWavarianis cnobi-li Tvalsazrisisadmi SC Tanamimdevrobis gverdiT saerToxanurSi ak-


331

rZalulia CS rigi (e. i. ar yofila *joRrRrRrRr tipis Tanamimdevroba), amitom, askvnis is, `sonantTa marcvlovanobis Teoria Zalas hkargavs" (gv. 81).

disertanti qarTul-naxuri Sesatyvisobebis dadgeniT saukunovani problemis gadawyvetas cdilobs, vfiqrobT, w a r m a t e b i T a c, ami-tom am naSromis yvela debuleba mkacr midgomas moiTxovs: sonantTa Teoriis avtorTa azriT, radgan qarTul ZaRl da svan. JeRE (l > E procesisa da dezafrikatizaciis gaTvalisinebiT: *jaRl > JaRE) amo-saval ormarcvlian *ZaRlº fuZes gvavaraudebinebs, zanuris j o R o r swored /lº/-ze migviTiTebs: `damavali Riaobis kanoniT" [*lº] iZleva [or[ kompleqss, xmovani aq sityvis Tavkiduris gavleniT yalibdeba.2

rac Seexeba saerToqarTvelur da saerTonaxur sonorTa da Cqa-mierTa Sesatyvisobebs konsonantur sistemaSi, amas disertanti Semdegi TanamimdevrobiT axorcielebs: jer warmodgenilia sonorTa Sesatyviso-bebi, Semdeg ki _ Cqamierebisa, kerZod, cal-calkea warmodgenili xSulTa sameulebis wevrebisa da sibilantTa (napralovnebisa da afri-katebis) Sesatyvisobebi qarTvelursa da naxur enebs Soris.

1. Sesatyvisobebi mocemulia yvela sonorisTvis: *l : *l, *r : *r da a. S. garda pirdapiri Sesatyvisobisa, warmodgenilia fonetiku-ri cvlilebebis Sedegad warmoqmnili qvesaxeobebic (pirdapiris maga-liTia, mag., s.-qarT. *l : s.-nax. *l [qarT. lal `lalavs", zan. lol `galalva"- iCq. l~elar, bacb. lalar (Tu lelar?)]... gamovlenilia saerTonaxuris /*l/-s [m], [n], [d], [h٨] variantebi. amnairadvea ganxilu-li yvela fuZiseuli sonori saerToqarTveluri da saerTonaxuri Se-satyvisobebiT. am cvlilebebTan dakavSirebiT disertanti SeniSnavs: `sayuradRebo sonoruli tipis bgeraTcvlilebaSi diaxac is aris, rom saerTonaxursa da saerToqarTvelurs Soris fiqsirebul fonemur mi-marTebebsa da Sesatyvisobebs paraleli eZebneba qarTvelursa da da-Restnur enebs SigniT arsebuli Sesatyvisobebis saxiT"... (gv. 122).

sayuradRebod gveCveneba s.-qarTv. *s : s.-nax. *~ sityvis TavSi qarTvelur enebSi, disertantis SeniSvniTi, adgili unda hqonoda s > h > Ø gardaqmnas (es bgerebi damatebiTi distribuciis damokidebule-baSia dResac qarTuli enis aRmosavlur dialeqtebSi _ es exeba ro-gorc gramatikuli funqciis mqone ssss-s, ise Zireul ssss-s). rekonstruire-bulia *hasEil, romlis hhhh- miCneulia klasis ssss- niSnis fonetikur vari-

2 problemebi am Teoriasac aqvs, rodesac qarTulsa da svanurSi [lº]-s

xmovnobis dakargva maxvilis gavlenas miewereba (vfiqrobT, amiT arn. Ciqobavas

intensiuri da moZravi maxvilis aRdgena xdeba).


332

antad (Sdr. svan. hasEiS àsuli"). hhhh-, rogorc piris niSani, am Tval-sazriss ganamtkicebs.

kanonzomieria morfonologiuri cvlileba rekonstriurebuli s.-qarTv. *s-Ben formaSi (zan. cxon < *sxon, svan. lHB) : sBen > Bsen /Bsen/ fuZe Ziris mixedviT Sepirispirebulia s.-nax. /b-B-e/-sTan. saerTo Ziris mixedviT naxurSi gamoiyofa b- klasis niSnad, amave mizeziT qar-Tveluri ssss-c (*sBen) klasis niSnad gamoiyo. aseTi varaudis safuZvels isic iZleva, rom, rogorc naxuri bBbBbBbB-, ise qarTvelur sBsBsBsB anlautSi arabunebrivi kompleqsebia da maTi morfonologiuri gardaqmna eqvem-debareba fonematur moTxovnebs orivegan; Sdr. iCq. f x i `Bseni", bacb. fxe `delamo".

Cveni mxriT davsZenT, rom es erTgvarad [h]-s gaCenis gzebsac gvi-saxavs: [h] /*s/-s refleqsia, SemdegRa xdeba misi fonemizacia (ar gvxvdeba ZirebSi, aqvs igive gramatikuli funqciebi, rac /s/-s; /h/-s Se-satyvisebic ar eZebneba).

sayuradReboa paragrafi l a b i a l i z e b u l T a n x m o -v a n T Sesaxeb: am kompleqsebs disertanti ganixilavs CE formuliT da komponentebs miiCnevs damoukidebel fonemebad.

naxur enebSi labialuri kompleqsebi aRar dasturdeba; TiTo-orola iZebneba bacburSi. saWiro gaxda rekonstruirebuli *E-s supe-raciis dadgena (Sdr. s.-qarTv. *tEin : s.-nax. *tum : iCq., inguS. `Zvlis tvini", bac. tum) /v/-s Cavardnas disertanti aqcesiur kompleqs-Ta `damavali Riaobis wesiT" axerxebs. es exeba anlautis kompleqsebs. CEEEE kompleqsebSi sityvis Tavkidurad [E] nebismier C-s aRemateboda napralovnobiT da qmnida arabunebriv Tanamimdevrobas. xdeboda E-s metaTezisi da E > b, E > f cvlileba. savaraudebelia, es simultanu-ri procesia: romelime *DEel (Sdr. qarTv. *REer `sve"...) fuZeSi aq-cesiuri DE gadadis ED-Si (decesiurSi) da mzardi npapralovnobis we-siT erTdroulad xdeba ED/&bD Senacvleba; E > b ganpirobebulia mo-mdevno D-s mJRerobiT; Sdr. s.-qarTv. *xEiT (sv. EoxEiSd) : s.-nax. *fxi, romlis miRebis gza aseTia: *xEi > Exi/>fxi, sadac E > f Sepi-robebulia momdevno fSvinvieri /x/ fonemiT. analogiuri procesebi kargad aris cnobili qarTvelur enebsa da dialeqtebSi.

friad mniSvnelovania II nawilis V Tavi, romelSic ganxilulia sibilantTa sistema. cnobilia Sesatyvisobebi: qarT. sisina: zan., svan. SiSina, qarT. SiSina: zan.-svan. velarizebuli SiSina. disertanti qar-Tvelur-naxuri fuZeebis SepirispirebiT analizs axdens aRniSnul mo-vlenaTa safuZvelze. igi wers: `winareenuri warmomavlobis sisina sibi-lantTa nawilobrivi gaSiSinebis zanur-svanuri erTgvarovani foneti-


333

kuri procesi sacnauria saerTonaxuri fuZe-enisTvisac" (gv. 160). analizi mimdinareobs bgeraTSesatyvisobebis ori saxeobiT: (1) s.-qarTv. sisina: s.-nax. sisina da (2) s.-qarTv. sisina: s.-nax. Si-

Sina, romelTagan pirveli gviandelia (/j C W J S/ > /Z c w z s/. aseTi varaudis safuZvels qarTvelur enebSi iZleva q. wveT: z. WvaT da z. wvaTans `wveTavs", xolo naxur enebSi iCq.-bacb. Jom `mcire"; Sdr. in-guS. zam "id" , rac saerTonaxurSive ganxorcielebulia (gv. 169).

arqaul viTarebas gviCvenebs s.-qarTv. sisina : s.-nax. SiSina na-Sromis 170-e da Semdgom gverdebze warmodgenilia qarTvelur-naxuri Sesatyvisebi fuZeenuri * /Z c w z s/ sibilantebisa.

fe *Z s.-qarTv. *Z : s.-nax. *j, dezafrikatizaciiT *J _ s.-qarTv. *ZiZEZiZEZiZEZiZE `Zvali" (svan. jijE, zan. jijgv `Zvalmsxvili") : s.-nax. *jijjijjijjij (*jij `xorci" (ing.: JiJig, bacb. jij `xorci").

s.-qarTv. *c : nax. *CCCC [s.-qarTv. *cEil : s.-nax. *CEir `cvili"; Sdr. qarT. cvili, zan. mCiri, svan. jEid (< CEid); iCq. CEir `gauwmen-davi cvili"]. s.-qarTv. *zzzzEin : s.-nax. *JEir (Sdr. qarT. zvini, iC. Jir, inguS. JHr | Jir). s.-qarTv. *sEel : s.-nax. *Sar `Srati", `do" (Sdr. qarT. dialeqt. sveli `Srati", iCq., bacb. Sar, inguS. S–r).

s.-qarTv. * /j C W/: s.-nax. /d´, T´, t´/ Sesatyvisoba miCneulia fuZe-naxurSi SiSina afrikatTa desibilaciis Sedegad. fuZeqarTvelurSi ganxorcielda velarizacia: jjjj > jjjj ´́́́ da a. S., rac SeuZlebeli iyo naxu-ri fonotaqtikuri wesebiT, aq ganxorcielda desibilacia da Sedegad miviReT s.-qarTv. jjjj : s.-nax. dddd ´́́́, s.-qarTv. CCCC : s.-nax. TTTT ´́́́, s.-qarT. WWWW : s.-nax. tttt ´́́́.

cal-calkea warmodgenili xSulTa sameulebis qarTvelur-naxuri Sesatyvisobebi (*b : *b, *f : *f, *p : *b da sxv. Sdr. qarT. mr. sufiq-si ebbbb da nax. -bi agreTve mr. ricxvis gamomxatveli sufiqsi; qarT. *pat `pativi" nax. *bid (bit da sxv.).

dasturdeba Sesatyvisobebi rbilsasismierTa sameulebisTvisac fonetikuri variantebiT, mag., *g (> q) : *g (qarT. wiqqqqara, bacb. weggggen, iCq. w~en `wiTeli").

B > x spirantizacia erTnairad aRmoCnda damaxasiaTebeli orive jgufis enebisTvis: Sdr. qarT., svan. BBBB@n, BBBBnavs, megr. xxxxonua; iCq.-bacb. axxxxar `xvna" da sxv.

disertanti fuZeenaSi aRadgens /D, h٨/ naprarovnebs: fe *D _ s.-qarTv. *R : s.-nax. D/h٨ (qarT. Ruer, zan. Rvaral `sve", `kvali", `zo-li"; iCq., inguS. bDal òrnati").

s.-qarTv. *R : s.-nax. *h٨ (qarT. Reba, z. iRu `waiRo", svan. xoRi àrTmevs"; iCq. B~Lh٨ar, bacb. Beh٨ar `waReba", `gataneba") da sxv.


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bolo mesame nawilSi disertanti gvacnobs bgeraTSesatyvisobebs TanxmovanTa kompleqsebis mixedviT (gv. 244 da Semdeg).

fuZeenuri mdgomareobisaTvis saerToqarTvelursa da saerTona-xuris CvenebaTa mixedviT disertanti morfemaTa C, VC, CV, VCV saxeo-baTa gverdiT aRadgens CVC, CVCC, CCVC da CCVCC struqturis fo-nemur kombinaciebsac.

ganxilulia qarTvelur-naxuri enebisTvis damaxsiaTebeli harmo-niuli kompleqsebi, romelTa raodenoba ocamde aRwevs (ix. gv. 245), Sepirispirebulia harmoniul kompleqsTa Sesatyvisobis samtkiceblad saTanadod SerCeuli masala (mag. *fx : *fx _ qarT. f x i n i `Cxiri"; zan. f x i n i `TiTistari"; iCq., inguS. fxan ìsari").

disertantis daskvniT, saerTo-naxurisTvisac, msgavsad qarTuli-sa, damaxasiaTebeli iyo kompleqsTa mzardi napralovnoba. am Tvalsaz-risiT sruliad kanonzomieria, rom naxuri enebi Tavkidurad gaurbian xSulTa kombinaciebs, damavali napralovnobis kompleqsebi ki miCneuli reduqciis Semdgom safexurad (gv. 265).

sayuradReboa debuleba intensivTa bifonemur refleqsebTan da-kavSirebiT: s.-qarTv. sT : s.-nax. T´ fuZeenaSi varaudobs *T´ intensivs (gv. 164). am sakiTxs disertanti TanxmovanTa kompleqsebis Sesatyvisoba-Ta ganxilvisasac ubrundeba (ix. gv. 272).

disertantis azriT, TanxmovanTa istoriuli sigrZe gamoixata ori fonemis ariTmetikuli jamiT: *T´ > *sT (c´ da C´ SerwymiT Semdeg iZlevian cx kompleqss).

SevniSnavT, rom arsebobs /T/-s palatalizaciiT ST kompleqsis warmoqmnis Teoriac. es xdeba saumlauto poziciaSi (i. meliqiSvili). vfiqrobT saWiro iyo am Teoriis gaTvaliswineba, radgan es gardaqmna tipologiurad sxva enaTa jgufebSic meordeba (Sdr. balkanur areal-Si tj > št da dj > žt), Tanac qarTuli fonotaqtikis wesebiT mosalodne-li ar iyo amosavlad miCneuli sTsTsTsT (g. maWavarianis mixedviT s1T) kom-pleqsi.

sadisertacio naSromi samas gverdze mets moicavs. Cven mxolod Zi-riTadi debulebebi gadmoveciT sailustracio TiTo-orola magaliTiT:

Cven winaSea mravalwliani kvalificiuri lingvisturi Sromis Se-degi: muSaoba Catarebulia naxuri enebis farglebSi, erTi mxriT, da, meore mxriT, qarTvelur enebSi. istoriul-SedarebiTi analizis wese-bis dacviT rekonstriurebulia saerToqarTveluri da saerTonaxuri sistemebi; SemuSavebulia wesebi winareqarTvelurisa da winarenaxuris safexurTa aRdgenisa, ris Semdegac SesaZlebeli xdeba fuZeenuri sis-temis rekonstruqcia paradigmatul da sintagmatur doneebze. warmo-


335

dgenilia maTi diaqroniuli gardaqmna fuZeenuri mdgomareobidan dRe-vandel qarTvelur da naxur enebamde. e s u T u o d d i d i m o -n a p o v a r i a k a v k a s i o l o g i a S i.

ra Tqma unda, Sorsa varT imisgan, sadisertacio naSromis yvela debuleba WeSmaritebad miviCnioT. aseTi komparativistuli naSromi jer aravis Seuqmnia. arsebiTia is, n. trubeckois gamoTqma rom vixma-roT, `fantastikis sferos" moeRo bolo _ qarTvelur-naxur urTier-TobaTa enobrivi kvleva warimarTa lingvistikis Tanamedrove moTxovn-ilebaTa mixedviT. bgeraTSesatyvisobebis dadgeniT `fantastikis" sa-farveli Camoscilda adre nakvlev gramatikul mimarTebaTa kvlevis Se-degebs. es gaakeTa batonma m e r a b C u x u a m.

am kvlevis Sedegebs bevri axali moemateba, bevri Caswordeba, bevric uaryofili iqneba. arsebiTia is, rom bgeraTSesatyvisobebis da-dgena da misi aRiareba lingvistur samyaroSi axal etaps daiwyebs kav-kasiologiaSi.

vSuamdgomlob arn. Ciqobavas saxelobis enaTmecnierebis institu-tis samecniero sabWos winaSe, raTa m e r a b C u x u a s mieniWos fi-lologiis mecnierebaTa doqtoris xarisxi.

Tedo Uturgaidze

Review on M. Chukhua’s work “A system of Sound-correspondences in the Kartvelian-Nakh

Languages” (2006)

S u m m a r y

Before us there is an outcome of a long-term qualified linguistic work: the work is carried out in the limits of the Nakh languages, on one hand, and in the Kartvelian languages, on the other one; Common Kartvelian and Common Nakh systems are reconstructed using the rules of historical-comparative analysis, the rules of the reconstructing stages of pre-Kartvelian and pre-Nakh are worked out, as a result of which the reconstruction of a radical language system on a paradygmatic and syntagmatic levels is possible. Their diachronic transformation from a radical language statement till the present Kartvelian and Nakh languages are represented. T h i s i s u n d o u b t e d l y a g r e a t a c h i e v e m e n t i n C a u c a s i ol o g y.

sarCevisarCevisarCevisarCevi

nnnn. . . . axvledianiaxvledianiaxvledianiaxvlediani _ _ _ _ erTi gvaris istoriisaTvis ayaraSi ...........................3

N. Akhvlediani _ _ _ _ The Origin of one surname in Adjara .......................................17

llll.... bakuraZe bakuraZe bakuraZe bakuraZe ____ Tvisebisa da ricxvis eqspresiuli gamoxatvis

SemTxvevebi ----obaobaobaoba sufiqsian saxelebSi ...........................19

L. Bakuradze ____ Cases of Expressional Expressing of Property

in the Nouns with the Suffix -oba ................................................24 nnnn. . . . barTaia barTaia barTaia barTaia ____ fereidnuli leqsikidan KoriKoriKoriKori ..........................................25

N. Bartaia ____ From Fereidanian Dictionary KoriKoriKoriKori .....................................................26

gggg.... bedoSvili bedoSvili bedoSvili bedoSvili ____ qarTuli onomatologiis umniSvnelovanesi

SenaZeni ...................................................................................27

G. Bedoshvili ____ An Signifficant Acquirement of the

Georgian Onomatology ................................................................32 mmmm. . . . beriZe beriZe beriZe beriZe ____ fizikuri mdgomareobis zmnebi da àrsebobis~,

`mKofobis~, `mkvidrobis~ gamoxatva qarTulSi ..........33

M. Berbdze ____ Verbs of Physical Condition and Expression of "Existence",

"Being" and "Inhabitance" in Geotgian Language .......................42 TTTT.... buryulaZe buryulaZe buryulaZe buryulaZe ____ erTi saxis Sekvecili hipotaqsuri

konstruqcia saSual qarTulSi .....................................44

T. Burtchuladze ____ One Type of Elided Hypotactic Construction in

eeee.... gazdeliani gazdeliani gazdeliani gazdeliani ____ mravlobiTi ricxvis warmoebis zogi sakiTxi

svanuri enis saxelebSi ......................................................49

E. Gazdeliani ____ Some questions of plural formation

in Cvan nouns ...............................................................................61 qqqq.... gigaSvili gigaSvili gigaSvili gigaSvili ____ I da II brZanebiTis mwkrivebi saSual

qarTulSi ..............................................................................63

K. Gigashvili ____ I and II Imperative Rows in Mid-Georgian language ..................74

s a r C e v i

337

gggg. . . . gogolaSvili gogolaSvili gogolaSvili gogolaSvili ____ axali qarTuli saliteraturo enis

sakiTxebi II. saenaTmecniero tenminologiis

warmoqmna-CamoKalibeba ......................................................75

G. Gogolashvili ____ Issues of Modern Standard Georgian 2. Formation

and Development of Technical Terminology ............................103 llll. . . . ezugbaia ezugbaia ezugbaia ezugbaia ____ uGlebis paradigmatuli tipebi megrulSi ............104

L. Ezugbaia ____ The Paradigmatic Types of the Conjugation in

Megrelian ...................................................................................113 TTTT.... vaSakiZe vaSakiZe vaSakiZe vaSakiZe ____ zmnuri da saxeluri koordinatebisaTvis Tana-

medrove qarTulSi ..............................................................115

T. Vashakidze ____ Towards the verbal and nominal coordinatives in the

modern Georgian....................................................................... 126 rrrr.... ioseliani ioseliani ioseliani ioseliani ____ kodoris (resp. dalis) xeobis eTnolingvisturi

xasiaTis komentarebi ..........................................................127

R. Ioseliani ____ Ethnolinguistic commentaries of Kodori (resp. Dali) gorge ........ 132

cccc.... kvantaliani kvantaliani kvantaliani kvantaliani ____ isev termin kaT alikosis Taobaze........................134

Ts. Kvantaliani ____ Agin Towards the Issue on a Term ḳataliḳos ...................... 141 qqqq.... mar mar mar margigigigiaaaanininini----susususubabababariririri ____ mirTva da Tandebuliani formebi kodo-

risa da enguris xeobaTa svanurSi.................................142

K. Margiani-Subari ____ One of the Interrelations and Postpositional Forms

in the Kodori and Enguri Gorges’ Svan .................................... 154 vvvv.... maGraZemaGraZemaGraZemaGraZe ____ guram bedoSvili _ qarTuli onomastikonis

mkvlevari ................................................................................155

V. Maghradze ____ Curam Bedoshvili – a Researcher of Georgian Onomastics ... 160 nnnn.... ma ma ma mayayayayavavavavaririririaaaanininini ____ leqsema gagania-s warmomavlobisaTvis.....................161

N. Matchavariani ____ Towards the Origination of the Lexeme gagania.............. 164 nnnn.... oTi oTi oTi oTinaSnaSnaSnaSvivivivilililili ____ qsnis xeobis (saerisTaos) ramdenime toponimis

lokalizaciisaTvis .............................................................165

N. Otinashvili ____ Towards the Localization of Some Toponyms of the Ksani

s a r C e v i

338

Gorge (Saeristao) ..................................................................... 169 mmmm.... osa osa osa osaZeZeZeZe, , , , nnnn.... da da da daTeTeTeTeSiSiSiSiZeZeZeZe ____ daniSnulebis konfiqsTa sitKvamawar-

moebeli funqciebi qarTul tarminologiaSi ...........170

M. Osadze, N. Dateshidze ____ Word-Formative Functions of Confixes of

Designation in Georgian Terminology...................................... 178 mmmm.... saGliani saGliani saGliani saGliani, , , , eeee.... gazdeliani gazdeliani gazdeliani gazdeliani ____ svanuri enis laSxur da bals-

qvemour dialeqtTa interferenciis erTi kerZo

SemTxvevisaTvis kodoris (resp. dalis) xeobaSi ........180

M. Sagliani, E. Gazdeliani ____ Towards One Case of Interference of the

Lashkhian and Low-Bal Dialects of Svan in the Kodori (resp. Dali) Gorge...................................................................... 195

nnnn.... surmava surmava surmava surmava ____ samxrul-qarTuli metKvelebis leqsikidan: xoSxoSxoSxoS

nawilaki ..................................................................................196

N. Surmava _ From Southern Georgian Speech Vocabulary:

xoš /khosh/ particle ................................................................... 202 mmmm.... su su su suxiSxiSxiSxiSvivivivili li li li _ gardamavlobis sakiTxi rTul zmnebSi

(Zveli qarTulis mixedviT) ..........................................203

M. Sukhishvili _ The Issues of Transitivity of Analytical Verbs On

the evidence of Old Georgian material .....................................217 TTTT.... uTurgaiZe uTurgaiZe uTurgaiZe uTurgaiZe _ ƒelTa iribobieqturi piris nacvalsaxelad

Zvel qarTulSi....................................................................218

T. Uturgaidze _ The Pronoun qelta in a Role of an Indirect

Object in Old Georgian...............................................................221 Í.... ÛaaaaÅÒÄÛÉaaaaÍÉ _ erTi maqvemdebarebeli kavSiris Sesaxeb

svanurSi ...............................................................................222

N. Shavreshiani _ On One Subordinative Conjunction in Svan..........................226

mmmm.... Cu Cu Cu Cuxuaxuaxuaxua _ damatebiTi masalebi saerToqarTveluri fuZe-enis

leqsikuri fondisaTvis.....................................................227

M. Chukhua _ The Additional Materials for the Commonkartvelian

Proto-language Lexical Fund.......................................................250

s a r C e v i

339

pppp.... cxadaia cxadaia cxadaia cxadaia _ afrikatizacia da dezafrikatizacia zanur

enaSi (megruli toponimikuri masalis mixedviT).....251

P. Tskhadaia _ Affricatization and Desaffricatization in Zan

(According to Megrelian Toponymy).........................................267 rrrr.... yka yka yka ykaduaduaduadua _ ablautis safexurTa ganawilebisaTvis

svanuri enis fuZedrekad zmnaTa formebSi.................268

R. Tchkadua _ Towards the Distribution of Ablautive Stages in the

Forms of Root-Ablautive Svan Verbs.........................................279 nino yumburiZenino yumburiZenino yumburiZenino yumburiZe _ uqonloba-uarKofis mawarmoeblebi

qarTuli enis ganviTarebis sxvadasxva etapze............280

N. Tchumburidze _ The Affixes Expressing “Lack”, “Negation”

on Different Stages of the Literary Georgian..............................284 nino nino nino nino xaxaxaxaxixixixiaSaSaSaSvivivivilililili _ kac- sitKvis istoriisaTvis...................................285

Nino Khakhiashvili _ Towards the History of the Word ḳaci ("a man")...........307

lalalalali xuli xuli xuli xuyuayuayuayua _ qarTul-rusuli bibliuri frazeologiuri

leqsikonisaTvis...................................................................308

Lali Khutchua_Towards the Georgian-Russian Biblic Phraseologic Dictionary310

cicicicira JanJGavara JanJGavara JanJGavara JanJGava _ oTxi megruli sitKva sitKvawarmoebisa

da idiomebSi monawileobis TvalsazrisiT.................311

Tsira Janjgava _ Four Megrelian Words from the Viewpoint of

Word-Forming and Participating in the Idioms...........................316 ninininino Jorno Jorno Jorno JorbebebebenanananaZeZeZeZe _ -obobobob TemisniSniani saSuali gvaris zmnaTa

struqturul-semantikuri analizi................................317

Nino Jorbenadze _ The Structural-semantic Analysis of the Medial

Verbs with the Thematic Suffix -obobobob in Modern Georgian.........325

Tedo uTurgaiZeTedo uTurgaiZeTedo uTurgaiZeTedo uTurgaiZe _ r e c e n z i a m. C u x u a s naSromze _

`bgeraTSesatyvisobaTa sistema qarTvelur-naxur enebSi", 2006...........................................................................326 Tedo Uturgaidze _ Review on M. Chukhua’s work “A system of Sound-correspondences in the Kartvelian-Nakh Languages”

(2006)...........................................................................................335

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