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Agriculture: Transforming Farming Systems for Food & Climate Security & Sustainable Rural
Development The new policy and institutional environment from
IAASTD to SDG’s
Hans R. Herren Millennium Institute and Biovision Foundation
UNFCCC Side Event with IFOAM, EDF, Millennium Institute & Biovision15 November 2013
Overview
1. Agriculture and food systems: the changing policy and institutional environment (WSSD 1992 to 2012)
2. The connection between agriculture, food systems and climate change
3. Challenges and solutions for transformation of global agriculture and food systems in support of climate change mitigation and adaptation
From Rio 1992 to Jo‘burg 2002 to Rio 2012 (Rio+20) & Rome (CFS 39/40)
1992: Multilateral Environmental Agreements (MEA)
• (UNFCCC); (CBD); (UNCCD)
2002: IAASTD11: IPBES
2012: Governance, Institutions and Green Economy(IAASTD implementation via CFS / national assessments –sust. ag and food systems as entry point for the green economy)
2014: CFS 40: Post 2015 work stream
Infoprojects
FCP: FarmerCommunication
• 842 million undernourished – 1.5 billion obese – 300 million diabetes type 2 cases, etc. => health problem
• The industrial food system uses 10 kcal to produce 1 (empty) => energy problem
• The conventional food system is a major part of the climate change problem
• Soil degradation, water shortages, biodiversity loss underlie food insecurity => natural resource problem
• Industrial agriculture has emptied the rural areas instead of providing quality jobs => social problems
Business as usual is not an option!
The IAASTD Reports presented the major challenges and a viable way forward
• «Business as usual is not an option»
• Agriculture is the world’s largest user of land and contributor to CC
• Predominant smallholder farmers• Sustainable agriculture / Agro-ecology / OA incorporate:
– Economic dimension (e.g. jobs, sustainable production)– Social dimension (e.g. health, empowerment of women)– Envirionmental dimension (e.g. climate change, energy)
Need better informed policies
Challenges and solutions for transformation of global agriculture and food systems
6
Infoprojects
FCP: FarmerCommunication
• A fundamental shift in Agricultural Knowledge Science and Technology and => agri-food system policies, => institutions => capacity development => investments
• Paradigm change: transition to sustainable / ecological agriculture
• An agriculture that addresses the multi-functionality and resilience needed by small-scale and family farmers
• Need to use a systemic and holistic approach / National multistakeholder assessments (IAASTD)
The way forward– agriculture and food systems as part of the solution
Multifunctional agriculture...a must
sustainable
viable
livableequitable
From Rio 1992 to Jo‘burg 2002 to Rio 2012 (Rio+20) & Rome (CFS 39/40)
1992: Multilateral Environmental Agreements (MEA)
• (UNFCCC); (CBD); (UNCCD)
2002: IAASTD11: IPBES
2012: Governance, Institutions and Green Economy(IAASTD implementation via CFS / national assessments –sust. ag and food systems as entry point for the green economy)
2014: CFS 40: Post 2015 work stream
Rio 2012 (Rio+20): The (Ag & FS) Future We Want
• 111. We reaffirm the necessity to promote, enhance and support more sustainable agriculture……., that improves food security, eradicates hunger .......and enhancing resilience to climate change and natural disasters. …….
• 115. We reaffirm the important work and inclusive nature of the Committee on World Food Security, including through its role in facilitating country-initiated assessments on sustainable food production and food security……..
SustainableUn-sustainable
Low
pro
ducti
vity
Hig
h p
rodu
ctivi
ty…transformation path of agriculture and food systems: the consumer feedback loop
.......everything is connected
Global Warming
Energy Sector
Human Population
Food Production
Fresh Water
Migration
Health disasters
Land Loss & Flooding
PlantCalories
MeatCalories
PlantConsumption
MeatConsumption
MeatProduction
PlantProduction
SoilCapacity Soil Nutient
ConsumptionSoil NutrientProductioin
Plant Calories forMeat Production
S
S
HumanPopulation
HumanBirths
HumanDeaths
Plant Calories forHuman Use
S
S
Calories perCapita
O
S
Life SustainingCalories per Capita
CalorieGapHabitat
Conversion
Acres inAgriculture
O
S
S
S
S
S
S
FertilizerDemand
S
S
O
Petroleum Use forFertilizer
S
S ToxicResidue
S
O
R
OPopulation
Density
Migration
Pursuit of 1st WorldFood Mix
Exposure to a HigherStandard of Living
MethaneProduction
S
S
S
S
S
S
WaterDemand
S
FaminesO
S
RB
B
S
Irrigation
SoilSalinization
S
S
O
S
BiofuelsProduction
Land Loss
GlobalTemperature
Variation in RainfallPattern
Droughts
S
S
S
O
O
O
.......everything is connected
… the numbers show it can be done
Indicator Unit Baseline Green BAU
Agricultural production
Bn US$/year 1’921 2’852 2’559
Crops Bn US$/year 629 996 913
Employment M people 1’075 1’703 1’656
Soil quality Dmnl 0.92 1.03 0.73
Water use Km3 / year 3‘389 3‘207 4‘878
Land Bn ha 1.2 1.26 1.31
Deforestation M ha/ year 16 7 15
Calories for consumption
Kcal/person/day
2‘081 2‘524 2‘476
Source: UNEP Green Economy Report (2011)
Changing course in Global agriculture and Food Systems CCGA
Goals
Food security and rural welfare for small-scale farmers and rural communities
Sustainable agri- culture through coherent policy, governance, role models and civil society support
Paradigm shift: sustainable agri-culture on the international, re-gional, national and local levels
16
NationalLevel
Global Level
1CFS: Committee on World Food Security
Action and Policies conducive to implement sustainable agriculture
Guidance on Multi-stakeholder assessments
at CFS1
Multi-stakeholder assessments on sustainable food pro-
duction and food security
Sustainable Development
Goals
Changing course in Global agriculture and Food Systems CCGA
..implementing via the policy changes (CCGA)Multi-stakeholder Pilot Assessments (KEN/SEN/ETH)
After the MDGs...the SDGs (1)
• Goal: Achieve food and nutrition security through sustainable agriculture and food systems
m
• Target 1: End malnutrition and hunger in each of their forms, so that all people enjoy the right to adequate food at all times.
• Target 2: Improve the livelihood of smallholder farmers and other rural communities, in particular women and disadvantaged groups, through access to productive resources and assets, everywhere.
• Target 3: Achieve the transformation to sustainable, diverse and resilient agriculture and food systems that conserve natural resources and ecosystems, and realize a land-degradation neutral world.
After the MDGs...the SDGs (2)
• Goal: Achieve food and nutrition security through sustainable agriculture and food systems
• Target 4: Minimize post-harvest and other food losses and waste.
• Target 5: Ensure an open and equitable multilateral trade system that promotes rural development and food security, including by eliminating export subsidies, price dumping and other forms of asymmetric trade practices, as well as mitigating excessive food price volatility.
• Target 6: Establish inclusive, transparent, and equitable decision-making processes on food, nutrition and agriculture to accelerate progress towards food security and nutrition for all.
