AGRICULTURE INTELLIGENTE FACE AU CLIMAT A MADAGASCARCLIMAT A MADAGASCAR

[CLIMATE SMART AGRICULTURE (CSA)]

Dr RAKOTONDRASOA Lovanirina OliviaRATOVO Olitina

2014 FANRPAN HIGH LEVEL FOOD AND NUTRITION SECURITY POLICY DIALOGUE FOR AFRICA

IBIS HOTEL, ANTANANARIVO, MADAGASCAR.29 SEPTEMBER- 2 OCTOBRER2014

PROBLEMSPROBLEMS

• Increase of the world population

• Insufficient of Agricole production f d i itfood insecurity

• Climate change

CONCEPT CSA

CSA: « Approach to developing the technical, policy andinvestment conditions to achieve sustainable agriculturaldevelopment for food security under climate change.»(FAO, 2013)

CSA ChallengesCSA Challenges

• Suitable agricultural productionSuitable agricultural production technologies and practice adapted to climate changeclimate change

• Appropriate policy and institutions• Financial means to mainstream climate

changechange • Integrated landscape approach

OBJECTIFSOBJECTIFS

• Conduct comprehensive reviews of the existing CSA policy context in Madagascar;existing CSA policy context in Madagascar;

l h l• Analyze gaps in the existing policyframeworks;

• Identify relevant policy recommendations;

Guidelines?Guidelines?

Wh h CSA l d li i i h• What are the current CSA related policies in the country?

• What are current on going CSA development and• What are current on-going CSA development and research programme initiatives in the study country?

• What are the national CSA institutional arrangementsWhat are the national CSA institutional arrangements, and how are different stakeholders involved?

• How is the performance of current CSA policies, andHow is the performance of current CSA policies, and what are their major gaps?

• What is needed to ensure that CSA policies are pimproved in terms of relevance, equity and effectiveness?

MADAGASCARMADAGASCAR

• Food security: 92% of the hosehold earn less than 2 $(US) ( )/jour (World bank, 2013)Malnutrition:28% in 2004–2006 , 33% betweenMalnutrition:28% in 2004 2006 , 33% between 2010–2012 (FAO ,2013) ,especially in rural areaq• Developpement:• Developpement:78 % of the economically active population is engaged in agriculture (World Bank 2011) 52 %engaged in agriculture (World Bank, 2011), 52 % plant les than 1 ha (WFP & UNICEF 2011)

26 % G l f26 % GNI (gross national income) come fromagriculture

• Climate change: Constats (DGM)• Climate change: Constats (DGM)

R i f h (d 1 1 à 2 6°Raise of the temperature(de 1.1 à 2.6°C) especially in the South

Rain variabilityRain variability

I ifi i f lIntensification of meteorology events(cyclones, droop))

• Climate change causes

A h i i i i d f i

• Climate change causes

Anthropic activities: deforestation, Agriculture, energy,

GES per sectors: second National communication in climatechange (MEF, 2003)

WHAT ARE THE CURRENT CSA RELATED POLICIES IN THE COUNTRY INTERNATIONAL POLICIES?THE COUNTRY – INTERNATIONAL POLICIES?

INTERNATIONAL CONVENTION• United Nation Framework Convention on Climate

Change (UNFCCC) adopted in 1998Change (UNFCCC) adopted in 1998.

• Kyoto protocol (2003): decrease carbon emissionKyoto protocol (2003): decrease carbon emission

Clean developpement mecanisme: to stock carbonpp

Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and forest Degradation (REDD): To conserve carbon sink, (REDD++) socio economicaldeveloppement

• OMD: Millenium Developpement Goal: To reduce poverty

REGIONAL ACCORD COMESA (Market for Eastern and Southern Africa)/ SADC

(S h Af D l C )(Southern African Development Community)promoting strategic interventions that sustain productivity

and livelihood improvements for millions of climate-and livelihood improvements for millions of climatevulnerable people in East Africa (ASARECA)

IOC (Idian Ocean Commission)ACCLIMATE Programme : help to finalize adaptation

strategy

NATIONAL POLICIESNATIONAL POLICIES

ENVIRONMENT &FORESTERYENVIRONMENT &FORESTERY

- Environment Charter Malagasy forest policy Updated in 2010

National Environmental Action Plan (NEAP)National Environmental Action Plan (NEAP)

Protected areas

Management transfer to local communities (GELOSE GCF)(GELOSE, GCF)

Policy of sustainable development of coastal and marine

ENVIRONMENT and FORESTERYENVIRONMENT and FORESTERY

National Policy on Climate Change (PNLCC):y g ( )2010Objectifs:Objectifs:

- Reach MOG goal: reduce poverty rateUNFCC li ti t ti l l l- UNFCC realisation at a national level:strategy to conder climate change per sectors

AGRICULTUREAGRICULTURE

Poverty Reduction Strategy Document in2003 (DSRP): to reduce½ of poverty rate in in2010

Madagascar naturellement (2004) : givesdeveloppement vision for the country andeach 22 regionseach 22 regions

M d A ti Pl (MAP) f th i dMadagascar Action Plan (MAP) for the period2007-2012 (MAP): new strategy to reducepoverdy and to promte sustainablepoverdy and to promte sustainabledeveloppement

Strategy and program to promote developpement

• Action Plan for Rural Development (PADR) (2001),

• National Seed Strategy (NSS), National Strategy for rice Development (NSRD)

• Climate Change National strategy: agriculture - livestock - fishery sector (2013)(2013)

• Note of Political Orientation Policy paper in support of the Agriculture Livestock and Fisheries Sector Programme (NOP PSAEP) (2013)

• Policy letter on BV-PI (Watershed-Irrigated area)

• Green revolution strategy• CAADP new program for the agricultural developpement in MadagascarCAADP new program for the agricultural developpement in Madagascar

(2014)

LIVESTOCKLIVESTOCK

Policy letter of livestocks developpement in 2003

Z b lZebu policy

Apiculture strategy

Fishery

Policy of fishery in Madagascar (1990)Fisheryy y ( ) y

action planSectors Program (1999)

GENDERGENDER

N ti l P li f W P tiNational Policy of Women Promotion (PNPF);2000:to reduce the disparities between men and women and between rural and urban dwellersand women, and between rural and urban dwellers in order to establish balanced development, particularly between women and men. p y

National Action Plan for Gender andNational Action Plan for Gender and Development (PANAGED): Madagascar engagement to integrate a gender dimension in all h d l d lthe development interventions and implement

specific policies.

FOODFOOD

PANSA (2001):National action plan for alimentation : to promote food security;p y

WHAT ARE CURRENT ON-GOING CSA DEVELOPMENT AND RESEARCH PROGRAM INITIATIVES IN MADAGASCAR?

• Agriculture: Agroecology

Conservation agriculture (CA)

(2000)

GSDM (Groupement Semis Direct de Madagascar): 15 members noeud(2001)

• permanent soil coverage,

• minimum soil(2000)Agroecology

members ,noeud(2001)

NCATF (National Conservation Agriculture Task Force):

minimum soil disturbance,

• crop rotations and associations toAgriculture Task Force):

Coordination CSA, (2009)associations to

System of Rice cultivation

GSRI (267members in the 22 regions of Madagasca (2008)

create soil, water and nutrient conditions thatcultivation

Intensification (1998)

regions of Madagasca,(2008) nutrient conditions that accelerate the growth of rice seedling.

Others techniques:Adaptation of agricultural calendar according to the rainfall period

i h l d d h i d i i d ( i )Promoting short-cycle and drought or inundation-resistant seeds (rice)Promoting short-cycle and drought-resistant seeds (sorghum, maize)Diversification of cultures (cowpea, groundnut, bean, yam…)…

• Forestery &environnement

REDD Acces to Carbon marketDeveloppement

CI, WCS, WWF

Management transfert 400 MEF and partenairesg p

New protected areas terrestrial et marine AP managed by MNP and NAP(MRPA: Managed ProtectedAreas)Areas)

Renewable energy hydro power, biofuel, solar CIRAD , WWF , Fondation TanyMevaMeva .

• Li estock• Livestock

Research improve farmingtechniques to climatechange

FOFIFA, FIFAMANOR

change

ARChE_Net project define regional strategiesto manage the ruminantproduction systems’

Reunion Regional Council,UE, MEF

production systemsadaptation to agro-ecological and socio-economic changeseconomic changes

• Fishery and aquaculture• Fishery and aquacultureProject to support fishingcommunities in the south of

d ( )

• Establishment of marinereserves,i f i f i

( Region Atsimo Andrefanaentre Soalara et Morombe)

Madagascar (PACP) • improvement of informationon traditional fishing,

• exploitation of new areasfishing and development offishing and development ofaquaculture activities arepart of these initiatives

Monotoring center by the • produce oceanographic maps African Environmentalg yAfrican EnvironmentalMonitoring for SustainableDevelopment (AMESD)&Mauritius Oceanography

p g p pfor the detection of potentialfishing zones,

• monitor the physicaloceanographic variables

Monitoring for SustainableDevelopment (AMESD).

Mauritius OceanographyInstitute (MOI)& MPRH

oceanographic variables…

Implementation of adevelopment and

• Help traditional exploitationto respect the environment

District Mitsinjo , Soalala(Region Boeny )development and

management plan of naturalresources used in traditionalfisheries sectors

to respect the environment (Region Boeny )

• Gender• Gender

Gender Network in Madagascar FFE (Friedrich Erbert Foundation), CARE,FORMGED (Training gender anddevelopment), USAID, ONE (Environmentnational Office, SAHA (Sahan’Asa syF d ) MINPOP (Mi i fFampandrosoana), MINPOP (Ministry ofPopulation), …

Gender mainstreaming in theorganizations at local, regional andnational levels

Tany Meva, WWF, CI…..

• FOODWarning System Système d’Alerte Précoce (SAP)

Strengthening and Accessing Livelihood Strengthening and Accessing Opportunities for Household Impacts Livelihood Opportunities for

Household Impacts (SALOHI) (USAID)

Collect data about food security Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO)/World

Food Programme (FAO/WFP)

Collect data about rice Rural Observatory Network (ROR)y ( )

remote monitoring system for early warning in Madagascar FEW NETSwarning in Madagascar FEW NETS

Food education National Community Nutrition Program (PNNC)

WHAT ARE THE NATIONAL CSA INSTITUTIONAL ARRANGEMENTS, AND HOW ARE DIFFERENT STAKEHOLDERS

?INVOLVED?

(Source: WGCC, 2011)

Adaptation to the Effects of Climate ff fChange (SAECC);

bDatabase Management and Climate Modeling

(SGBDCC)DCC

Attenuation of Climate Change

(SACC)(SGBDCC) (SACC)

Ministry of Agriculture, Ministry of Fisheries and the Ministry of livestock, InternationalMinistry of Agriculture, Ministry of Fisheries and the Ministry of livestock, International and National NGO, And the platform of discussion about climate change GTCC

Civil society: Alliance Voahary Gasy- Research institutions: FOFIFA, FIFAMANOR, GSRI, GSDM, Ecole Supérieure des Sciences , , , , p

Agronomiques/ Département Forêts, Association Vahatra ; etc.-International intitutions: FAO, WWF, Conservation International, Wildelife Conservation

Society (WCS);Fondation Tany Meva

HOW IS THE PERFORMANCE OF CURRENT CSA POLICIES, WHAT ARE THEIR MAJOR GAPS?,

CSA challenges PERFORMENCES GAPS

POLITIQUE PNLCC (2010) • ApplicationPOLITIQUE PNLCC (2010)CAADP (2014)Other Sectors policies

Application• Scaling up• Institutional arrangement

PRATIQUE SRI Conservation agriculture short • scaling upPRATIQUE SRI, Conservation agriculture, shortcycle livestock…

• scaling up

f h d b dFINANCEMENT Promotion of new techniques • Dependance in abroadfinancement

LANSCAP Presence of many developpement • Coordination of allAPPROCHE institutions institutions to reach the same

objectif in one landscap• Lanscap approach not yet

adopted by all

Policy RECOMMENDATIONSPolicy RECOMMENDATIONS

• Translate into concrete action plans al policies

• Developpe an adaptation strategy and specificDeveloppe an adaptation strategy and specific mitigation for every sector;

P h b i d il j• Promote the best practice and pilot projects;

• Capacity Building of the human-key resources p y g yabouthe climate change;

N i tit ti l t• New institutional arrangement

CSA recommendationsCSA recommendations

• C id f i ht f th b i i f h• Consider farmers right from the beginning of research• Stronger capitalization of the results• Create an appropriate framework for the donors• Research should be made more in a simple form for some people to

understand, especially the farmers. • Support farmers from the beginningSupport farmers from the beginning• Farmers should carry on the CSA activities even after the donor

funded projects end. • Elaborate a strategy or an approach at local or regional levels• Elaborate a strategy or an approach at local or regional levels,

targeting gender aspect and CSA• Strengthen the capacity of current and future stakeholders through

training institutions as IHSM School of agronomytraining institutions as IHSM, School of agronomy …

THANK YOUTHANK YOUMISAOTRA TOMPOKOMISAOTRA TOMPOKO