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Agriculture and Forestry, Bioeconomy ViewsKlaus Ammann, University of Bern, Switzerland
Bioeconomy Dublin February 14, 2013
The four points I want to talk about1. Regulation too expensive, one of the main reasons: Wrong focus on transgenic
Crops: Genomic Misconception: Natural Mutation (ie. Conventional breeding) and Transgenesis are the same on the molecular process level
2. Yield in Agriculture, a mixed bag, climate mitigation, towards a better Ag Economy
3. Forestry at the crossroads, realistic view on climate cooling and warming, adaptationto modern forestry and nature protection
4. The consequences: Stop the propaganda and trade wars, it isdialogue, collaboration and free trade which will bring European agriculture forward
1. Regulation too expensive, one of the main reasons: Wrong focus on transgenic Crops: Genomic Misconception: Natural Mutation (ie. Conventional breeding) and Transgenesis are the same on the molecular process level
In the European Union (and the Cartagena Protocol decision making process is too complex, obscure and politically inefficient
The Canadian product oriented regulationwould solve many problems, big obstacle:Unscientific focus on transgenesis
Ammann, K. (20120706), Genomic Misconception: A fresh look at the biosafety of transgenic and conventional crops, a plea for a process agnostic regulation New Biotechnology, in press, pp. 32, http://www.ask-force.org/web/NewBiotech/Genomic-Misconception-20120706-names-def.pdf
System map of the principal issues, challenges and feedback loops in the risk management component of the legislation
EPEC-SANCO (2011)Evaluation of the EU legislative framework in the field of cultivation of GMOs under Directive 2001/18/EC and Regulation (EC) No 1829/2003, and the placing on the market of GMOs as or in products under Directive 2001/18/EC Final Report, pp. 137. European Commission DG Sanco
http://ec.europa.eu/food/food/biotechnology/evaluation/docs/gmo_cultivation_report_en.pdf
http://www.europabio.org/sites/default/files/44_years_of_delays_in_the_eu_approval_of_gm_products_europabio.pdf
Undue delays in Europe for the approval of GM crops, status November 5, 2012
Innovation in agbiotech. (a) Location and sector of organizations conducting R&D for the 558 transgenic product quality innovations identified. Private sector consists of corporate and privately held firms. Public sector consists of government research laboratories, universities and nonprofit research institutes. (b) Annual entry, exit and the numbers of innovations active in the R&D pipeline were calculated from observations of the 558 innovations tracked in the primary survey. The number of active innovations stopped growing in 1998, after which those new innovations that entered were more likely to be published and less likely to move toward commercialization. Fig.1 from (Graff et al., 2009b).
Graff, G.D., Zilberman, D., & Bennett, A.B. (2009)The contraction of Ag-biotech product quality innovation. Nature Biotechnology, 27, 8, pp 702-704 http://www.botanischergarten.ch/Regulation/Graff-Contraction-Agbiotech-Innovation-2009.pdf
One of the main reasons for the regulatory stall and the difficult innovation climate in modern Agrivculture in Europe:the Genomic Misconception
Natural Mutation (ie. Conventional breeding) and Transgenesis (i.e. GM crops) are the same on the molecular process level
Ammann, K. (20120706), Genomic Misconception: A fresh look at the biosafety of transgenic and conventional crops, a plea for a process agnostic regulation New Biotechnology, in press, pp. 32, http://www.ask-force.org/web/NewBiotech/Genomic-Misconception-20120706-names-def.pdf
European Biosafety and the Cartagena ProtocolThe biosafety protocol is based on the wrong premises: See Genomic Misconception in this slides: Natural Mutationand transgenesis are the same on the molecular level.
www.strangevehicles.com
The time has come for the scientific community to advance a new generation of international organizations that expressly promote scientific cooperation — agencies that can help foster technological cooperation for Africa’s economic transformation.
Juma, C. (2011) The New Harvest: Agricultural Innovation in Africa Preprint 3 Chapters Oxford University Press (14. Januar 2011) IS: ISBN-10: 0199783195 ISBN-13: 978-0199783199, pp 296 http://www.ask-force.org/web/Developing/Juma-Governing-Innovation-2011.pdf and http://www.ask-force.org/web/Developing/Juma-Growing-Economy-Ch-1-2011.pdf and http://www.ask-force.org/web/Developing/Juma-Introduction-2011.pdf AND https://www.amazon.de/New-Harvest-Agricultural-Innovation-Africa/dp/0199783195/ref=sr_1_1?ie=UTF8&qid=1320909861&sr=8-1
Juma, C. (2011)Preventing hunger: Biotechnology is key. Nature, 479, 7374, pp 471-472 http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/479471a AND http://www.ask-force.org/web/Developing/Juma-Preventing-Hunger-Nature-2011.pdf
Juma, C. (2011)Science Meets Farming in Africa. Science, 334, 6061, pp 1323 http://www.sciencemag.org/content/334/6061/1323.short AND http://www.ask-force.org/web/Developing/Juma-Science-Meets-Africa-20111209.pdf
2. Yield in Agriculture, a mixed bag, climate mitigation, towards a better Ag Economy
Type: GIF
Slavo Mac (20110824)Complexity Theorists Predict Food Crisis, Riots and Civil Unrest By April 2013. In SHTFplan.com http://www.shtfplan.com/forecasting/complexity-theorists-predict-food-crisis-riots-and-civil-unrest-by-april-2013_08242011
Galvao, A. and Celeres (20100809), Celeres, Biotechnology Report 2010, Celeres, No. pp. 7, Uberlandia, Matto Grosso,
http://www.ask-force.org/web/Brazil/Celeres-Brazil-Biotechnology-Report-2010.pdf AND http://www.celeres.com.br/1/english/index.html
Mercosur consolidates as leading soybean region with 52% of world’s productionArgentina, Brazil, Paraguay, Uruguay and Bolivia harvest 136 million tons annually, compared to the 83 from the United States and the world’s 260 million tons (2011)
http://en.mercopress.com/2011/09/17/mercosur-consolidates-as-leading-soybean-region-with-52-of-world-s-production
It is wrong to blame all mishap with GM crops to Genetic Engineering
See a typical debate between scientists on this topic
Broer, I., R. J. Busch, C. Jung, F. Ordon, M. Qaim, B. Reinhold-Hurek, U. Sonnewald, A. von Tiedemann, C. Moehring, P. Schmitz-Moeller and Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (2009), Gruene Gentechnik, Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft, No. ISBN 978-3-527-32857-4, pp. 56, http://www.botanischergarten.ch/Regulation/DFG-Broschuer-Gruene-Gentechnik-2009.pdf
Taube, F., M. Krawinkel, A. Susenbeth and W. Theobald (2011), The booklet "Genetically modified crops" published from the German Research Foundation, does not meet the given claim Environmental Sciences Europe, 23, 1, pp. 1, http://www.enveurope.com/content/23/1/1 AND http://www.ask-force.org/web/Regulation/Taube-DFG-Genuegt-Nicht-2011.pdf
Broer, I., C. Jung, F. Ordon, M. Qaim, B. Reinhold-Hurek, U. Sonnewald and A. von Tiedemann (2011), Response to the criticism by Taube et al. in ESE 23:1, 2011, on the booklet "Green Genetic Engineering" published by the German Research Foundation (DFG) Environmental Sciences Europe, 23, 1, pp. 16, http://www.enveurope.com/content/23/1/16 AND http://www.ask-force.org/web/Regulation/Broer-Stellungsname-DFG-2011.pdf
Development of resistant weedswith herbicide use
Fig. 2. Relationship between nsecticide use and crop losses with and without Bt technology.Curves are predictions based on econometric estimation of a logistic damage-control function. See table S1 for details and results of the estimation procedure.Data was obtained from2001 trials.
Qaim, M. & Zilberman, D. (2003)Yield effects of genetically modified crops in developing countries. Science, 299, 5608, pp 900-902 http://www.ask-force.org/web/BioEconomy/Qaim-Zilberman-Yield-Effects-2003.pdf AND http://www.ask-force.org/web/BioEconomy/Qaim-Zilberman-Yield-Effects-supplements-2003.pdf
Figure 2. Relationship between insecticide use and crop losses with and without Bt technology. Curves are predictions based on econometric estimation of a logistic damage-control function. See table S1 for details and results of the estimation procedure. Data was obtained from 2001 trials
Qaim, M. & Zilberman, D. (2003)Yield effects of genetically modified crops in developing countries. Science, 299, 5608, pp 900-902 <Go to ISI>://WOS:000180830900055 AND http://www.ask-force.org/web/BioEconomy/Qaim-Zilberman-Yield-
Effects-2003.pdf AND http://www.ask-force.org/web/BioEconomy/Qaim-Zilberman-Yield-Effects-supplements-2003.pdf
Royal-Society (2009), Reaping the benefits: science and the sustainable intensification of global agriculture, Royal Socienty, No. 11/09, pp. 89, London, AND http://www.ask-force.org/web/Benefits/RS-Reaping-the-Benefits-200910.pdf
Ammann, K. (20120620), Chapter 27: Advancing the cause in emerging economies in Successful Agricultural Innovation in Emerging Economies, ed. Bennett David and Jennings Richard, Vol., pp. 27 Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, http://www.ask-force.org/web/CUP-Success-GM-crops/Ammann-Advancing-Cause-Emerging-20120802.pdf
3. Forestry at the crossroads, realistic view on climate cooling and warming, adaptation to modern forestry and nature protection
Nepstad, D., B. S. Soares-Filho, F. Merry, A. Lima, P. Moutinho, J. Carter, M. Bowman, A. Cattaneo, H. Rodrigues, S. Schwartzman, D. G. McGrath, C. M. Stickler, R. Lubowski, P. Piris-Cabezas, S. Rivero, A. Alencar, O. Almeida and O. Stella (2009), The End of Deforestation in the Brazilian Amazon, Science, 326, 5958, pp. 1350-1351, <Go to ISI>://WOS:000272351100023 AND http://www.ask-force.org/web/Brazil/Brazil-Amazon-Deforestation-Ends-2009.pdf
Multiple-use forest management, which includes timber, non-timber forest products, and environmentalservices, is considered a promising tropical conservation and development strategy
Western AmazonasDuchelle, A. E., M. R. Guariguata, G. Less, M. A. Albornoz, A. Chavez and T. Melo (2012), Evaluating the opportunities and limitations to multiple use of Brazil nuts and timber in Western Amazonia Forest Ecology and Management, 268, pp. 39-48, <Go to ISI>://WOS:000301750400005 AND http://www.ask-force.org/web/Economics/Duchelle-Evaluating-Opportunities-Brazil-Nut-W-Amazon-2012.pdf
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IPCC, Metz B., Davidson O., Bosch P., Rutu D. and Meyer L. (2007b), Climate Change 2007 - Mitigation of Climate Change: Working Group III contribution to the Fourth Assessment Report of the IPCC edn. IPCC, IS: IS: ISBN-10: 0521705983 ISBN-13: 978-0521705981. pp. 862, http://www.ipcc.ch/publications_and_data/ar4/wg3/en/contents.html AND http://www.ask-force.org/web/Global-Warming/IPCC-Mitigation-Full-Report-2007.pdf
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OptimalCentralized
Kim, J., M. J. Realff, J. H. Lee, C. Whittaker and L. Furtner (2011), Design of biomass processing network for biofuel production using an MILP model Biomass & Bioenergy, 35, 2, pp. 853-871, <Go to ISI>://WOS:000287277600013 AND http://www.ask-force.org/web/Economics/Kim-Design-Biomass-Processing-MILP-2011.pdf
Design of biomass processing network for biofuel production using an MILP model 1
Biomass productionForestry
OptimalDistributed
Kim, J., M. J. Realff, J. H. Lee, C. Whittaker and L. Furtner (2011), Design of biomass processing network for biofuel production using an MILP model Biomass & Bioenergy, 35, 2, pp. 853-871, <Go to ISI>://WOS:000287277600013 AND http://www.ask-force.org/web/Economics/Kim-Design-Biomass-Processing-MILP-2011.pdf
Design of biomass processing network for biofuel production using an MILP model 2
Biomass productionForestry
Kim, J., M. J. Realff, J. H. Lee, C. Whittaker and L. Furtner (2011), Design of biomass processing network for biofuel production using an MILP model Biomass & Bioenergy, 35, 2, pp. 853-871, <Go to ISI>://WOS:000287277600013 AND http://www.ask-force.org/web/Economics/Kim-Design-Biomass-Processing-MILP-2011.pdf
Design of biomass processing network for biofuel production using an MILP model 3
Biomass productionForestry
A decade ago, the World Bank Group shifted its approach in the forest sector by putting poverty alleviation and sustainable economic development on equal footing with conservation.
It was a bold move given the risks and trade-offs involved in balancing these three aims. A decade into its implementation, the Independent Evaluation Group (IEG) evaluated the progress made and results of this approach. The evaluation involved a review of the Bank Group strategy and the complete portfolio of nearly 350 operations during the decade.
Field-based case studies were conducted in Brazil, Chile, China, the Democratic Republic of Congo, India, Indonesia, Lao People’s Democratic Republic, Liberia, Mexico, Peru, the Russian Federation, South Sudan, Uruguay and a desk studyof small island states.
Worldbank-IEG (20130205), Managing Forest Resources for Sustainable Development, An Evaluation of World Bank Group Experience, World Bank, No. pp. http://ieg.worldbankgroup.org/content/ieg/en/home/reports/forest.html AND http://www.ask-force.org/web/Forestry-Sustain/World-Bank-IEG-Managing-Forest-sustain-20130205.pdf
Worldbank-IEG (20130205), Managing Forest Resources for Sustainable Development, An Evaluation of World Bank Group Experience, World Bank, No. pp. http://ieg.worldbankgroup.org/content/ieg/en/home/reports/forest.html AND http://www.ask-force.org/web/Forestry-Sustain/World-Bank-IEG-Managing-Forest-sustain-20130205.pdf
Worldbank-IEG (20130205), Managing Forest Resources for Sustainable Development, An Evaluation of World Bank Group Experience, World Bank, No. pp. http://ieg.worldbankgroup.org/content/ieg/en/home/reports/forest.html AND http://www.ask-force.org/web/Forestry-Sustain/World-Bank-IEG-Managing-Forest-sustain-20130205.pdf
Worldbank-IEG (20130205), Managing Forest Resources for Sustainable Development, An Evaluation of World Bank Group Experience, World Bank, No. pp. http://ieg.worldbankgroup.org/content/ieg/en/home/reports/forest.html AND http://www.ask-force.org/web/Forestry-Sustain/World-Bank-IEG-Managing-Forest-sustain-20130205.pdf
Herring, R.J. & Rao Chandrasekhara N. (2012)On the ‘Failure of Bt Cotton’, Analysing a Decade of Experience. Economic and Political Weekly, XLVII, 18, pp 45-53 http://epw.in/epw/uploads/articles/17418.pdf AND http://www.ask-force.org/web/Cotton/Herring-Rao-Failure-Bt-Cotton-Analysis-2012.pdf
Antle, J. M. and S. M. Capalbo (2002), Agriculture as a managed ecosystem: Policy implications Journal of Agricultural and Resource Economics, 27, 1, pp. 1-15, <Go to ISI>://WOS:000183192100001 AND http://www.ask-force.org/web/Economics/Antle-Agriculture-Managed-Ecosystem-2002.pdf
4. The consequences: Stop the propaganda and trade wars, it is dialogue, collaboration and free trade which will bring European agriculture forward
Genepeace,
Not Greenpeace
Ammann, K. (2008)Feature: Integrated farming: Why organic farmers should use transgenic crops, open source citations. New Biotechnology, 25, 2, pp 101 - 107
http://www.botanischergarten.ch/NewBiotech/Ammann-Opinion-Integrated-Farming-20080825-names-links-edited.pdf
Ammann, K. (2009)Feature: Why farming with high tech methods should integrate elements of organic agriculture. accepted, corrected proof, open links. New Biotechnology, 4, pp
http://www.botanischergarten.ch/NewBiotech/Integrated-Farming-Biotech-Org-20090803-openlink.pdf
Why high tech farmers should adopt Organic management
Ronald, P.C. & Adamchak, R.W. (2008) Tomorrow's Table: Organic Farming, Genetics, and the Future of Food Oxford University Press, USA (April 18, 2008) IS: ISBN-10: 0195301757 ISBN-13: 978-0195301755 pp 232 Book review by J. Gressel 2009 http://www.botanischergarten.ch/Gressel-Book-Ronald-2009.pdf
Bauer de Jonghe in Holland, produziert Gemüse im Bio-Standard ohne PestizideFoto Claus Lange, Text Michael Miersch Weltwoche 06 2003
Amish farmers in biotech-debate: subsequent partial adoption of transgenic crops: 1999, see: http://www.ifpri.org/2020conference/PDF/summary_ammann.pdf
Reed, M. S., E. D. G. Fraser and A. J. Dougill (2006), An adaptive learning process for developing and applying sustainability indicators with local communities Ecological Economics, 59, 4, pp. 406-418, http://www.ask-force.org/web/Sustainability/Reed-Adaptive-Learning-Process-2006.pdf
Ammann, K. (20120620), Chapter 27: Advancing the cause in emerging economies in Successful Agricultural Innovation in Emerging Economies, ed. Bennett David and Jennings Richard, Vol., pp. 27 Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, http://www.ask-force.org/web/CUP-Success-GM-crops/Ammann-Advancing-Cause-Emerging-20120802.pdf AND http://xa.yimg.com/kq/groups/18208928/948211079/name/BENNETTJENNINGS-AGRICULTURE.pdf
http://www.ask-force.org/web/Discourse/Huggins-Econpragmatists-Ecopragmatists-PERC-2013.pdfn
Forgot what we are Protesting
http://www.nearlygood.com/
We are programmed inmillions of years of evolution to be alarmed and act accordingly
Common protest engines:
Constant framing throughProtest-corporates and moral self-licensing
Merritt, A.C., Effron, D.A., & Monin, B. (2010)Moral Self-Licensing: When Being Good Frees Us to Be Bad. Social and Personality Psychology Compass, 4, 5, pp 344-357 http://www.ask-force.org/web/Fundamentalists/Merritt-Moral-Self-Licensing-2010.pdf
bye bye Heliotisbye bye pesticides
Percentage GM cottonin the USA
Bt-toxin may be hazardous to your health, don‘t swallow and keep away from children
The Euro-Bills are made out of transgenic Bt - cotton
