Agricultural Prices 01/29/2021 - Cornell University...Prices Received Indexes, 2011 Base – United States: December 2020 with Comparisons [Revised historical price indexes for months

Agricultural Prices

ISSN: 1937-4216

Released January 29, 2021, by the National Agricultural Statistics Service (NASS), Agricultural Statistics Board, United States Department

of Agriculture (USDA).

December Prices Received Index Down 1.8 Percent The December Prices Received Index 2011 Base (Agricultural Production), at 91.4, decreased 1.8 percent from November

but increased 0.3 percent from December 2019. At 91.8, the Crop Production Index was down 0.5 percent from last month

but up 6.6 percent from the previous year. The Livestock Production Index, at 90.9, decreased 3.5 percent from November and 6.4 percent from December 2019. Producers received higher prices during December for broilers, corn, soybeans, and

cattle but lower prices for milk, lettuce, market eggs, and oranges. In addition to prices, the volume change of

commodities marketed also influences the indexes. In December, there was increased monthly movement for oranges, broilers, cotton, and milk and decreased marketing of corn, grapes, soybeans, and calves.

December Prices Paid Index Up 0.7 Percent

The December Prices Paid Index for Commodities and Services, Interest, Taxes, and Farm Wage Rates (PPITW), at 112.7, is up 0.7 percent from November 2020 and 1.6 percent from December 2019. Higher prices in December for

complete feeds, LP gas, feeder pigs, and diesel more than offset lower prices for feeder cattle, herbicides, insecticides, and

fungicides.

Prices Received, Prices Paid, and Ratio of Prices Received to Prices Paid Indexes 2011 Base – United States: December 2020 with Comparisons

Index Group December

2019 November

2020 December

2020

(percent) (percent) (percent)

Prices received by farmers ............................................................................... Prices paid by farmers ...................................................................................... Ratio of prices received to prices paid .............................................................

91.1

110.9

82

93.1

111.9

83

91.4

112.7

81

2 Agricultural Prices (January 2021) USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service

Contents Prices Received by Farmers ................................................................................................................................................ 4 Prices Received Indexes, 2011 Base – United States: December 2020 with Comparisons .................................................. 5 Prices Received Indexes, 1910-1914 Base – United States: December 2020 with Comparisons ......................................... 5 Prices Received Indexes, 2011 Base by Month for Selected Groups – United States: 2019 and 2020 ................................. 5 Prices Paid Indexes, 2011 Base by Month for Selected Groups – United States: 2019 and 2020 ......................................... 6 Prices Received for Field Crops and Fruits – United States: December 2020 with Comparisons ........................................ 7 Prices Received for Vegetables and Livestock – United States: December 2020 with Comparisons ................................... 8 Prices Received for All Wheat, Corn, and Soybeans by Month – United States: 2020 with Comparisons ........................... 9 Prices Received for Beef Cattle and All Hogs by Month – United States: 2020 with Comparisons..................................... 9 Prices Received for All Wheat – States and United States: December 2020 with Comparisons .........................................10 Prices Received for Winter Wheat – States and United States: December 2020 with Comparisons ...................................10 Prices Received for Durum Wheat – States and United States: December 2020 with Comparisons ...................................11 Prices Received for Spring Wheat – States and United States: December 2020 with Comparisons ....................................11 Prices Received for Oats – States and United States: December 2020 with Comparisons ..................................................11 Prices Received for All Barley – States and United States: December 2020 with Comparisons .........................................12 Prices Received for Malting Barley – States and United States: December 2020 with Comparisons ..................................12 Prices Received for Feed Barley – States and United States: December 2020 with Comparisons ......................................12 Prices Received for Corn – States and United States: December 2020 with Comparisons..................................................13 Prices Received for Sorghum Grain – States and United States: December 2020 with Comparisons .................................13 Prices Received for Soybeans – States and United States: December 2020 with Comparisons ..........................................14 Prices Received for Dry Beans – States and United States: December 2020 with Comparisons .........................................14 Prices Received for Canola – States and United States: December 2020 with Comparisons ..............................................15 Prices Received for Flaxseed – States and United States: December 2020 with Comparisons ...........................................15 Prices Received for Peanuts (in shell) – States and United States: December 2020 with Comparisons ..............................15 Prices Received for Sunflower – States and United States: December 2020 with Comparisons .........................................15 Prices Received for Upland Cotton and Cottonseed – States and United States: December 2020 with Comparisons ..........................................................................................................................................................16 Prices Received and Marketings for Upland Cotton and Rice – United States: December 2020 with Comparisons ..........................................................................................................................................................16 Prices Received for Hay by Type – States and United States: December 2020 with Comparisons .....................................17 Prices Received for Premium and Supreme Alfalfa Hay – States and 5-State Total: December 2020 ................................17 Prices Received for Citrus Fruits by Utilization – United States: December 2019 .............................................................18 Prices Received for Citrus Fruits by Utilization – United States: November 2020 .............................................................18 Prices Received for Citrus Fruits by Utilization – United States: December 2020 .............................................................18 Prices Received for All Milk – States and United States: December 2020 with Comparisons ............................................19 Prices Received for Milk Cows – States and United States: January 2021 with Comparisons ............................................19 Parity Price Overview........................................................................................................................................................20 Commodity Parity Prices and Price as Percent of Parity Price – United States: December 2020 with Comparisons ..........................................................................................................................................................21 Commodity Parity Prices – United States: December 2020 with Comparisons ..................................................................22 Marketing Year for Specified Commodities ......................................................................................................................24 Rice Market Year Average Prices Received by All and Length of Grain – States and United States: Marketing Years 2017 through 2019 ...............................................................................................................................................25 All Rice Prices Received and Farm Marketings by Month – United States: Marketing Years 2018-2019 through 2020-2021 .........................................................................................................................................................26 Long Grain Rice Prices Received and Farm Marketings by Month – United States: Marketing Years 2018-2019 through 2020-2021 .........................................................................................................................................................26 Medium and Short Grain Rice Prices Received and Farm Marketings by Month – United States: Marketing Years 2018-2019 through 2020-2021 .............................................................................................................................27 Medium and Short Grain Rice Prices Received by Month – California and Other States: Marketing Years 2019-2020 through 2020-2021 .......................................................................................................................................27 Prices Received Indexes as a Percent of 2011 Base, Monthly and Annual Average – United States: 2016-2020 ...............28 Prices Received Indexes as a Percent of 1910-1914 Base, Monthly and Annual Average – United States: 2016-2020 .....................................................................................................................................................................30 Reliability of Prices Received Estimates............................................................................................................................31

Agricultural Prices (January 2021) 3 USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service

Prices Paid by Farmers ...................................................................................................................................................... 32 Prices Paid Indexes and Related Parity Ratios – United States: December 2020 with Comparisons .................................. 33 Prices Paid Indexes and Annual Weights for Input Components and Sub-components – United States: December 2020 with Comparisons................................................................................................................................. 34 Feed Price Ratios – United States: December 2020 with Comparisons .............................................................................. 35 Prices Received Used to Calculate Feed Price Ratios – United States: December 2020 with Comparisons ....................... 35 Prices Paid for Feeder Livestock – United States: December 2020 with Comparisons ...................................................... 35 Annual Average Prices Paid for Feeder Livestock – United States: 2015-2020 ................................................................. 36 Grazing Fee Rates for Cattle – States, Regions, and United States: 2019 and 2020 ........................................................... 36 Prices Paid Indexes as a Percent of 2011 Base, Monthly and Annual Average – United States: 2016-2020....................... 37 Prices Paid Index Sub-Components as a Percent of 2011 Base, Monthly and Annual Average – United States: 2016-2020 ............................................................................................................................................... 40 Prices Paid Indexes as a Percent of 1910-1914 Base, Monthly and Annual Average – United States: 2016-2020 ..................................................................................................................................................................... 44 Feed Ratios Monthly and Annual Average – United States: 2016-2020 ............................................................................ 47 Reliability of Prices Paid Estimates ................................................................................................................................... 48 Information Contacts ......................................................................................................................................................... 49


December Prices Received by Farmers

Crop production: The December index, at 91.8, is 0.5 percent lower than November but 6.6 percent higher than

December 2019. The vegetable & melon and fruit & tree nut index decreases more than offset the grain & oilseed and

other crop index increases.

Grain and oilseed: The December index, at 74.5, is up 4.1 percent from November and 13 percent from December 2019.

The feed grain, food grain, and oilseed indexes all increased.

Feed grain: The December index, at 67.2, increased 5.0 percent from last month and increased 8.9 percent from

December 2019. The corn price, at $3.97 per bushel, is up 18 cents from last month and 26 cents from December 2019.

Food grain: At 81.1, the index for December increased 0.9 percent from the previous month and 9.9 percent from

December 2019. The December price for all wheat, at $5.43 per bushel, is 19 cents higher than November and 79 cents higher than December 2019. The December price for rice, at $13.50 per cwt, is 10 cents higher than November and

70 cents higher than December 2019.

Oilseed: At 83.5, the index for December increased 1.8 percent from November and 20 percent from December 2019.

The soybean price, at $10.50 per bushel, is 20 cents higher than November and $1.80 higher than December 2019.

Fruit and tree nut: The December index, at 143.6, is down 5.8 percent from November but up 16 percent from

December 2019. Price decreases during December for oranges, strawberries, grapefruit, and lemons more than offset price

increases for grapes and apples.

Vegetable and melon: At 112.6, the index for December decreased 25 percent from the previous month and 16 percent

from December 2019. Price decreases during December for lettuce, broccoli, tomatoes, and potatoes more than offset price increases for sweet corn, celery, cauliflower, and carrots.

Other crop: The December index, at 85.2, is up 1.4 percent from the previous month and 2.4 percent from December 2019. At 65.6 cents per pound, the price for upland cotton is 2.2 cents higher than November and 4.0 cents

higher than December 2019. The all hay price, at $155.00 per ton, is $1.00 lower than November and $3.00 lower than

December 2019.

Livestock production: The index for December, at 90.9, decreased 3.5 percent from the previous month and 6.4 percent

from December 2019. Meat animal and dairy index decreases more than offset the higher poultry & egg index.

Meat animal: At 89.8, the December index decreased 1.4 percent from the previous month and 5.2 percent from

December 2019. At $49.10 per cwt, the December hog price is $2.80 lower than November but $1.80 higher than December 2019. The December beef cattle price of $108.00 per cwt is $1.00 higher than the previous month but

$10.00 lower than December 2019.

Dairy: The index for December, at 92.0, is down 13 percent from the previous month and 11 percent from

December 2019. The December all milk price of $18.50 per cwt is $2.80 lower than November and $2.20 lower than

December 2019.

Poultry and egg: At 92.0, the December index increased 0.9 percent from November but decreased 4.9 percent from

December 2019. The December broiler price, at 43.8 cents per pound, is 4.7 cents higher than November but 1.1 cents lower than December 2019. The December market egg price, at 45.2 cents per dozen, is 27.2 cents lower than November

and 26.3 cents lower than December 2019. At 72.1 cents per pound, the December turkey price is 1.3 cents lower than the

previous month but 9.7 cents higher than December 2019.

Food Commodities: The index, at 96.3, decreased 4.7 percent from the previous month and 0.6 percent from

December 2019.


Prices Received Indexes, 2011 Base – United States: December 2020 with Comparisons [Revised historical price indexes for months not shown are available at www.nass.usda.gov]

Index Group

2011 Base

December 2019

November 2020

December 2020


Agricultural production .............................................................................. Crop production ..................................................................................... Grain and oilseed .............................................................................. Feed grain ..................................................................................... Food grain ..................................................................................... Oilseed .......................................................................................... Fruit and tree nut ............................................................................... Vegetable and melon ........................................................................ Other crop .......................................................................................... Livestock production ............................................................................. Meat animal ....................................................................................... Cattle ............................................................................................. Hog ................................................................................................ Dairy ................................................................................................... Poultry and egg ................................................................................. Food commodity ........................................................................................

91.1 86.1 66.0 61.7 73.8 69.6

124.2 133.8 83.2

97.1 94.7

103.3 71.1

103.0 96.7

96.9

93.1 92.3 71.6 64.0 80.4 82.0

152.5 149.1 84.0

94.2 91.1 95.3 78.0

106.0 91.2

101.1

91.4 91.8 74.5 67.2 81.1 83.5

143.6 112.6 85.2

90.9 89.8 95.6 73.8 92.0 92.0

96.3

Prices Received Indexes, 1910-1914 Base – United States: December 2020 with Comparisons [Revised historical price indexes for months not shown are available at www.nass.usda.gov]

Index Group

1910 - 1914 Base

December 2019

November 2020

December 2020


Agricultural production .............................................................................. Crop production ..................................................................................... Livestock production .............................................................................

941 751

1128

961 805

1094

943 801

1056

Prices Received Indexes, 2011 Base by Month for Selected Groups – United States: 2019 and 2020 [Revised historical price indexes for months not shown are available at www.nass.usda.gov]

Month

2011 Base

Agricultural production

Crop production

Livestock production

Food commodities

2019 2020 2019 2020 2019 2020 2019 2020

(percent) (percent) (percent) (percent) (percent) (percent) (percent) (percent)

January ............................... February .............................. March .................................. April ..................................... May ...................................... June ..................................... July ...................................... August ................................. September .......................... October ............................... November ........................... December ...........................

86.4 90.3 93.3 93.7 92.6 93.7 91.3 91.5 88.0 86.0 90.4 91.1

89.0 90.7 92.6 82.1 84.5 88.1 86.7 87.5 89.3 89.2 93.1 91.4

78.7 85.1 87.8 85.8 85.0 89.9 89.2 89.2 88.5 83.1 85.1 86.1

82.6 86.6 87.4 86.3 86.8 89.5 88.6 91.1 94.2 88.4 92.3 91.8

97.8 95.2 98.1

100.5 99.1 97.3 93.7 93.7 87.3 90.6 97.1 97.1

98.5 94.7 97.4 78.4 82.6 86.7 84.5 83.9 84.1 90.6 94.2 90.9

92.9 94.3 98.0 97.7 96.1 96.7 93.4 94.1 89.9 89.3 97.4 96.9

96.5 95.1 97.9 84.3 87.7 92.3 90.3 91.0 92.9 94.6

101.1 96.3


Prices Paid Indexes, 2011 Base by Month for Selected Groups – United States: 2019 and 2020 [Revised historical price indexes for months not shown are available at www.nass.usda.gov]

Month

2011 Base

All items (PPITW)

Production Crop sector

Livestock sector

2019 2020 2019 2020 2019 2020 2019 2020

(percent) (percent) (percent) (percent) (percent) (percent) (percent) (percent)

January ................................ February .............................. March ................................... April ...................................... May ...................................... June ..................................... July ...................................... August ................................. September ........................... October ................................ November ............................ December ............................

110.5 110.6 110.7 111.3 110.9 110.4 110.6 109.9 109.6 110.4 110.6 110.9

111.4 111.1 110.1 108.9 109.0 109.2 109.7 109.9 110.3 111.1 111.9 112.7

107.4 107.5 107.6 108.4 107.8 107.2 107.3 106.2 105.8 106.7 107.1 107.4

107.6 107.1 105.9 104.5 104.6 104.9 105.3 105.7 106.1 107.2 108.3 109.4

111.6 111.8 111.6 111.6 111.7 111.8 112.1 111.4 111.0 111.6 111.7 111.9

112.0 112.0 111.5 111.0 111.2 111.6 111.7 111.8 111.9 112.2 112.4 112.9

109.3 109.4 109.8 110.9 109.9 108.9 109.1 108.2 108.0 109.0 109.4 109.7

110.7 110.1 108.7 106.7 106.7 106.8 107.5 108.0 108.6 109.9 111.3 112.5


Prices Received for Field Crops and Fruits – United States: December 2020 with Comparisons [Price data source for non-citrus fruit commodities is United States Department of Agriculture's Agricultural Marketing Service]

Commodity 2011

Base Price December 2019 November 2020 December 2020

Field crops Barley, all ........................................................... dollars/bushel Feed ................................................................. dollars/bushel Malting ............................................................. dollars/bushel Beans, dry edible .................................................... dollars/cwt Canola ..................................................................... dollars/cwt Chickpeas, all ......................................................... dollars/cwt Large ..................................................................... dollars/cwt Small ..................................................................... dollars/cwt Corn ................................................................... dollars/bushel Cotton, Upland .................................................... dollars/pound Cottonseed .............................................................. dollars/ton Flaxseed ............................................................ dollars/bushel Hay, all, baled .......................................................... dollars/ton Alfalfa ..................................................................... dollars/ton Other ...................................................................... dollars/ton Lentils ...................................................................... dollars/cwt Oats .................................................................... dollars/bushel Peanuts, in-shell ................................................. dollars/pound Peas, dry edible ...................................................... dollars/cwt Rice, all ................................................................... dollars/cwt Long ...................................................................... dollars/cwt Medium and short ................................................ dollars/cwt Sorghum grain ........................................................ dollars/cwt Soybeans ........................................................... dollars/bushel Sunflowers, all ........................................................ dollars/cwt Wheat, all ........................................................... dollars/bushel Winter ............................................................... dollars/bushel Durum .............................................................. dollars/bushel Other spring ..................................................... dollars/bushel Hard red winter ................................................ dollars/bushel Soft red winter ................................................. dollars/bushel Hard red spring ................................................ dollars/bushel White ................................................................ dollars/bushel Fruits Citrus, equivalent on-tree Grapefruit .............................................................. dollars/box Lemons ................................................................. dollars/box Oranges ................................................................ dollars/box Non-citrus, fresh 1 Apples ............................................................... dollars/pound Grapes ................................................................... dollars/ton Peaches ................................................................. dollars/ton Pears ...................................................................... dollars/ton Strawberries ......................................................... dollars/cwt

4.79 4.59 4.83

34.60 23.10 35.70 39.20 23.40 6.02

0.880

131.00 14.20

159.00 176.00 119.00

27.50 3.42

0.252

13.60 13.70 12.30 18.40 10.70 12.50 29.00

7.44 6.93 9.22 8.33 7.07 6.77 8.38 6.58

7.47 12.30 8.16

0.325 628.00 507.00 559.00 104.00

4.51 3.32 4.81

33.50 14.70 14.80 17.40 13.10 3.71

0.616

163.00 8.91

158.00 172.00 136.00

14.80 3.02

0.196

10.10 12.80 11.70 17.90 5.64 8.70

17.80

4.64 4.58 4.44 4.79 4.23 5.43 4.76 5.40

12.81 22.43 10.20

0.336 2,090.00

(S) 721.00

(S)

4.78 3.32 5.00

29.70 18.10 19.00 20.70 16.30 3.79

0.634

199.00 10.70

156.00 167.00 136.00

18.20 3.02

0.212

9.09 13.40 12.10 16.60 8.61

10.30 18.90

5.24 5.34 5.82 5.02 5.22 6.03 4.98 5.38

21.38 25.45 18.83

0.697 2,020.00

(S) 1,340.00

231.00

4.79 3.01 4.86

31.00 17.20 20.20 19.30 21.50 3.97

0.656

195.00 10.90

155.00 169.00 134.00

18.20 2.69

0.204

10.20 13.50 12.30 17.90 8.95

10.50 19.20

5.43 5.57 5.87 5.18 5.48 6.36 5.15 5.65

17.22 23.20 11.03

0.702 2,100.00

(S) 1,310.00

186.00

(S) Insufficient number of reports to establish an estimate. 1 Beginning February 2020, price reflects FOB shipping point basis


Prices Received for Vegetables and Livestock – United States: December 2020 with Comparisons [Price data source for vegetables, livestock, and poultry commodities is United States Department of Agriculture's Agricultural Marketing Service]

Commodity 2011

Base Price December 2019 November 2020 December 2020

Vegetables, fresh 1 Asparagus ............................................................... dollars/cwt Beans, snap ............................................................ dollars/cwt Broccoli .................................................................... dollars/cwt Cantaloupes ............................................................ dollars/cwt Carrots ..................................................................... dollars/cwt Cauliflower .............................................................. dollars/cwt Celery ...................................................................... dollars/cwt Corn, sweet ............................................................. dollars/cwt Cucumbers .............................................................. dollars/cwt Lettuce ..................................................................... dollars/cwt Onions 2 ................................................................... dollars/cwt Potatoes .................................................................. dollars/cwt Tomatoes ................................................................ dollars/cwt Livestock Calves ..................................................................... dollars/cwt Cattle, all beef ......................................................... dollars/cwt Cows 3 ................................................................... dollars/cwt Steers and heifers ................................................ dollars/cwt Milk cows 4 ........................................................... dollars/head Hogs, all .................................................................. dollars/cwt Barrows and gilts .................................................. dollars/cwt Sows ...................................................................... dollars/cwt Dairy and poultry Milk, all 5 .................................................................. dollars/cwt Fat test ....................................................................... percent Broilers, live 6 ..................................................... dollars/pound Eggs, all ...............................................................dollars/dozen Market 7 .............................................................dollars/dozen Turkeys, live 8 .................................................... dollars/pound

37.50 69.00 41.60 16.50 30.80 47.00 22.50 30.70 18.70 24.30 11.90 14.30 51.20

142.00 115.00

71.60 117.00

1,420.00 66.50 66.80 57.90

20.10 3.71

0.459 0.969 0.796 0.680

(S) 89.30 38.10

(S) 29.90 41.90 27.40 30.50 41.50 49.00 11.20 13.90

112.00

159.00 118.00

59.30 120.00

(NA) 47.30 47.70 33.40

20.70 4.06

0.449 0.931 0.715 0.624

(S) 77.70

106.00 22.60 42.30 95.90 49.80 35.60 31.80 58.30 20.50 10.90 82.60

162.00 107.00

59.30 109.00

(NA) 51.90 52.30 41.80

21.30 4.09

0.391 0.968 0.724 0.734

(S) 86.80 71.60

(S) 42.60

101.00 55.10 72.90 26.70 21.20 19.50 10.30 73.50

165.00 108.00

58.10 111.00

(NA) 49.10 49.40 42.20

18.50 4.13

0.438 0.734 0.452 0.721

Adjusted for seasonal variation Eggs, all ...............................................................dollars/dozen Seasonal factor .......................................................... percent Milk, all .................................................................... dollars/cwt Seasonal factor .......................................................... percent

0.979

101 20.20

100

0.816

114 20.10

103

0.754

128 19.60

108

0.647

113 18.00

103

(NA) Not available. (S) Insufficient number of reports to establish an estimate. 1 Beginning February 2020, price reflects FOB shipping point basis 2 Includes some processing. 3 Beef cows and cull dairy cows sold for slaughter. 4 Animals sold for dairy herd replacement only. Prices available for January, April, July, and October. 5 Before deductions for hauling. Includes quality, quantity, and other premiums. Excludes hauling subsidies. 6 Live weight equivalent price. 7 Also referred to as table eggs. 8 Live weight equivalent price is used when actual live weight price is not available. Beginning January 2011, price reflects FOB shipping point

basis. Prior year price reflects delivered basis.


Prices Received for All Wheat, Corn, and Soybeans by Month – United States: 2020 with Comparisons [Blank data cells indicate estimation period has not yet begun]

Month All wheat Corn Soybeans

2018 2019 2020 2018 2019 2020 2018 2019 2020

(dollars per

bushel) (dollars per








bushel)

January ........ February ....... March ........... April .............. May ............... June .............. July ............... August .......... September ... October ........ November .... December ....

4.65 4.92 5.10 5.28 5.39 5.19 5.00 5.31 5.15 5.22 5.23 5.28

5.28 5.33 5.19 4.93 4.78 4.81 4.52 4.34 4.26 4.45 4.39 4.64

4.88 4.88 4.86 4.85 4.76 4.56 4.54 4.55 4.73 4.98 5.24 5.43

3.29 3.38 3.51 3.58 3.68 3.58 3.47 3.36 3.40 3.42 3.41 3.54

3.56 3.60 3.61 3.53 3.63 3.98 4.16 3.93 3.80 3.85 3.68 3.71

3.79 3.78 3.68 3.29 3.20 3.16 3.21 3.12 3.40 3.61 3.79 3.97

9.30 9.50 9.81 9.85 9.84 9.55 9.08 8.59 8.78 8.59 8.36 8.56

8.64 8.52 8.52 8.28 8.02 8.31 8.38 8.22 8.35 8.60 8.59 8.70

8.84 8.60 8.47 8.35 8.28 8.34 8.50 8.66 9.24 9.63

10.30 10.50

Prices Received for Beef Cattle and All Hogs by Month – United States: 2020 with Comparisons [Price data source for livestock commodities is United States Department of Agriculture's Agricultural Marketing Service. Blank data cells indicate estimation period has not yet begun]

Month Beef cattle 1 All hogs 2

2018 2019 2020 2018 2019 2020

(dollars per cwt) (dollars per cwt) (dollars per cwt) (dollars per cwt) (dollars per cwt) (dollars per cwt)

January .............. February ............. March ................. April .................... May ..................... June .................... July ..................... August ................ September ......... October .............. November .......... December ..........

120.00 125.00 125.00 119.00 120.00 112.00 110.00 110.00 108.00 110.00 113.00 117.00

121.00 123.00 126.00 125.00 120.00 114.00 112.00 111.00 103.00 107.00 113.00 118.00

122.00 120.00 113.00 108.00 109.00 109.00

97.10 103.00 104.00 106.00 107.00 108.00

52.50 54.60 50.00 45.30 51.50 59.10 58.60 44.30 43.20 50.30 46.20 43.40

44.60 43.40 46.50 59.40 62.30 59.50 56.60 58.50 47.70 49.10 48.00 47.30

47.80 45.50 47.70 42.30 51.00 41.30 39.90 42.90 49.70 56.30 51.90 49.10

1 Cows and steers & heifers. 2 Barrows & gilts and sows.


Prices Received for All Wheat – States and United States: December 2020 with Comparisons

State December 2019 November 2020 December 2020

(dollars per bushel) (dollars per bushel) (dollars per bushel)

Arizona ............................................... Arkansas ............................................ California ............................................ Colorado ............................................. Idaho ................................................... Illinois .................................................. Indiana ................................................ Kansas ............................................... Michigan ............................................. Minnesota ........................................... Missouri .............................................. Montana ............................................. Nebraska ............................................ North Carolina .................................... North Dakota ...................................... Ohio .................................................... Oklahoma ........................................... Oregon ............................................... South Dakota ..................................... Texas .................................................. Washington ........................................ United States .....................................

(D) (S) (D)

3.98 5.02 5.63 5.26 4.07 5.26 4.64

5.39 4.75 3.92 5.52 4.50 5.53 4.28 5.83 4.72 4.52 5.51

4.64

(D) (S) (D)

4.98 5.08

(D) 5.94 5.23 5.70 4.82

6.58 5.17 5.18 5.70 5.09 5.70 5.18 6.06 4.93 5.28 5.47

5.24

(S) (D) (D)

5.21 5.19 5.51 6.15 5.55 5.76 5.15

6.89 5.24 5.40 6.09 5.19 5.69 5.37 6.44 5.13

(D) 5.62

5.43

(D) Withheld to avoid disclosing data for individual operations. (S) Insufficient number of reports to establish an estimate.

Prices Received for Winter Wheat – States and United States: December 2020 with Comparisons



Arkansas ............................................ California ............................................ Colorado ............................................. Idaho ................................................... Illinois .................................................. Indiana ................................................ Kansas ............................................... Michigan ............................................. Missouri .............................................. Montana ............................................. Nebraska ............................................ North Carolina .................................... North Dakota ...................................... Ohio .................................................... Oklahoma ........................................... Oregon ............................................... South Dakota ..................................... Texas .................................................. Washington ........................................ United States .....................................

(S) (D)

3.98 4.96 5.63 5.26 4.07 5.26 5.39 4.54

3.92 5.52 3.09 5.53 4.28 5.83 4.51 4.52 5.41

4.58

(S) (D)

4.98 5.07

(D) 5.94 5.23 5.70 6.58 5.22

5.18 5.70 4.09 5.70 5.18 6.06 4.98 5.28 5.46

5.34

(D) (D)

5.21 5.18 5.51 6.15 5.55 5.76 6.89 5.24

5.40 6.09 4.81 5.69 5.37 6.43 5.08

(D) 5.61

5.57



Prices Received for Durum Wheat – States and United States: December 2020 with Comparisons



Arizona ............................................... California ............................................ Idaho .................................................. Montana ............................................. North Dakota ...................................... United States .....................................

(D) (S) (S) (D)

4.06

4.44

(D) (D) (D) (D)

5.89

5.82

(S) (D) (D) (D)

5.94

5.87


Prices Received for Spring Wheat – States and United States: December 2020 with Comparisons



Idaho .................................................. Minnesota .......................................... Montana ............................................. North Dakota ...................................... South Dakota ..................................... Washington ........................................ United States .....................................

5.15 4.64 5.01 4.58 4.84 6.01

4.79

5.10 4.82 5.05 4.96 4.83 5.55

5.02

5.18 5.15 5.16 5.11 5.18 5.71

5.18

Prices Received for Oats – States and United States: December 2020 with Comparisons



Illinois ................................................. Iowa .................................................... Michigan ............................................. Minnesota .......................................... Montana ............................................. Nebraska ............................................ New York ........................................... North Dakota ...................................... Oregon ............................................... Pennsylvania ..................................... South Dakota ..................................... Texas ................................................. Wisconsin ........................................... United States .....................................

(S) 3.70

(S) 2.37

(S) (D) (D)

2.56 (S)

4.68 2.72

(S) 2.87

3.02

(S) (D)

3.38 2.60

(S) (D) (S)

2.35 (S) (D)

2.57 (S)

2.37

3.02

(S) 3.42 2.78 2.48

(S) (D) (S)

2.47 (S) (D)

2.80 (S)

2.78

2.69



Prices Received for All Barley – States and United States: December 2020 with Comparisons



California ............................................ Colorado ............................................. Idaho ................................................... Minnesota ........................................... Montana ............................................. North Dakota ...................................... Washington ........................................ Wyoming ............................................ United States .....................................

(D) (D)

5.05 (D)

4.26 4.20 4.99

(D)

4.51

(D) 5.11 4.94

(D) 4.52 4.61 5.06

(D)

4.78

(D) 4.75 4.85

(D) 4.35 4.85 5.14

(D)

4.79

(D) Withheld to avoid disclosing data for individual operations.

Prices Received for Malting Barley – States and United States: December 2020 with Comparisons State December 2019 November 2020 December 2020



(D) 4.81 5.16

(D) 4.44 4.66

(D) (D)

4.81

(S) 5.11 5.05

(D) 4.74 4.98

(D) (D)

5.00

(D) 4.75 4.86

(D) 4.47 4.92

(D) (D)

4.86


Prices Received for Feed Barley – States and United States: December 2020 with Comparisons




(S) (D)

3.39 (S)

2.89 3.49 2.98

(D)

3.32

(D) (S)

3.46 (S)

2.62 3.33 3.13

(S)

3.32

(S) (S)

2.93 (S)

2.73 3.10 3.15

(S)

3.01



Prices Received for Corn – States and United States: December 2020 with Comparisons



Colorado ........................................................ Illinois ............................................................. Indiana ........................................................... Iowa ................................................................ Kansas ........................................................... Kentucky ........................................................ Michigan ......................................................... Minnesota ...................................................... Missouri .......................................................... Nebraska ........................................................ North Carolina ............................................... North Dakota .................................................. Ohio ................................................................ Pennsylvania ................................................. South Dakota ................................................. Tennessee ..................................................... Texas ............................................................. Wisconsin ....................................................... United States .................................................

3.79 3.73 4.00 3.70 3.57 4.07 3.85 3.51 3.86 3.67

4.63 3.27 4.13 4.31 3.56 4.11 4.26 3.56

3.71

4.04 3.75 3.82 3.82 3.99 4.19 3.76 3.58 3.81 3.76

4.63 3.56 3.91 4.60 3.54 4.31 4.25 3.57

3.79

4.16 3.86 4.06 4.05 4.17 4.08 4.08 3.73 4.00 3.92

5.19 3.73 4.11 4.88 3.76 4.30 4.58 3.80

3.97

Prices Received for Sorghum Grain – States and United States: December 2020 with Comparisons


(dollars per cwt) (dollars per cwt) (dollars per cwt)

Kansas ............................................... Nebraska ............................................ Oklahoma ........................................... Texas ................................................. United States .....................................

5.52 5.58 5.93 6.47

5.64

8.60 7.91 9.11 8.81

8.61

9.18 8.47 9.74 8.34

8.95


Prices Received for Soybeans – States and United States: December 2020 with Comparisons



Arkansas ............................................ Illinois .................................................. Indiana ................................................ Iowa .................................................... Kansas ............................................... Kentucky ............................................. Louisiana ............................................ Michigan ............................................. Minnesota ........................................... Mississippi .......................................... Missouri .............................................. Nebraska ............................................ North Carolina .................................... North Dakota ...................................... Ohio .................................................... South Dakota ..................................... Tennessee ......................................... Wisconsin ........................................... United States .....................................

8.90 9.09 9.17 8.69 8.30 9.11 8.89 8.95 8.40 8.93

8.87 8.35 8.79 7.96 9.35 8.43 9.06 8.48

8.70

10.30 10.10 10.30 10.30 10.40 10.20 10.40 10.80 9.91

10.00

10.30 10.10 10.30 9.68

10.70 9.78

10.60 10.40

10.30

10.70 10.20 10.80 10.90 10.90 10.30 10.20 11.30 10.40 10.10

10.50 10.50 11.10 9.92

11.30 10.00 10.80 11.10

10.50

Prices Received for Dry Beans – States and United States: December 2020 with Comparisons



California ............................................ Colorado ............................................. Idaho ................................................... Michigan ............................................. Minnesota ........................................... Nebraska ............................................ North Dakota ...................................... United States .....................................

(D) 41.20

(D) 32.20

(D) (D)

31.50

33.50

63.90 (D) (D)

27.80 32.30

(D) 26.70

29.70

(D) (D) (D)

33.20 35.60

(D) 27.90

31.00



Prices Received for Canola – States and United States: December 2020 with Comparisons



Minnesota .......................................... Montana ............................................. North Dakota ...................................... Oklahoma ........................................... United States .....................................

(D) 14.10 14.70

(S)

14.70

(D) 16.90 18.20

(S)

18.10

(D) 15.80 17.20

(S)

17.20


Prices Received for Flaxseed – States and United States: December 2020 with Comparisons



North Dakota ...................................... United States .....................................

8.91

8.91

10.70

10.70

10.90

10.90

Prices Received for Peanuts (in shell) – States and United States: December 2020 with Comparisons State December 2019 November 2020 December 2020

(dollars per pound) (dollars per pound) (dollars per pound)

Alabama ............................................. Arkansas ............................................ Florida ................................................ Georgia .............................................. Mississippi .......................................... New Mexico ....................................... North Carolina ................................... Oklahoma ........................................... South Carolina ................................... Texas ................................................. Virginia ............................................... United States .....................................

0.153 0.081 0.199 0.192 0.064

(S) 0.239 0.260 0.150 0.254

(S)

0.196

0.196 0.195 0.213 0.200 0.195 0.573 0.215 0.235 0.209 0.288 0.218

0.212

0.208 0.191 0.203 0.201 0.063

(S) 0.206 0.226 0.210 0.234 0.216

0.204

(S) Insufficient number of reports to establish an estimate.

Prices Received for Sunflower – States and United States: December 2020 with Comparisons State December 2019 November 2020 December 2020


Kansas ............................................... Minnesota .......................................... North Dakota ...................................... South Dakota ..................................... United States .....................................

(D) 18.70 18.70 16.80

17.80

22.90 (D)

19.10 17.10

18.90

21.40 21.00 20.50 17.40

19.20



Prices Received for Upland Cotton and Cottonseed – States and United States: December 2020 with Comparisons [Cottonseed marketing year August - February]

State

Cotton, Upland Cottonseed

December 2019

November 2020

December 2020

December 2019

November 2020

December 2020

(dollars per pound) (dollars per pound) (dollars per pound) (dollars per ton) (dollars per ton) (dollars per ton)

Alabama .............................. Arizona ................................ Arkansas ............................. California ............................. Georgia ................................ Louisiana ............................. Mississippi ........................... North Carolina ..................... Tennessee .......................... Texas ................................... United States ......................

0.611 (D)

0.613 (D)

0.647 0.706 0.610 0.632 0.626 0.601

0.616

0.608 (D)

0.660 (S)

0.697 0.637 0.623 0.651

(D) 0.618

0.634

0.628 (D)

0.678 (D)

0.698 0.656 0.616 0.670 0.696 0.629

0.656

115.00 263.00 180.00 295.00 115.00 180.00 160.00 138.00 155.00 172.00

163.00

141.00 245.00 202.00 340.00 151.00 175.00 228.00 192.00 251.00 197.00

199.00

136.00 300.00

(NA) 354.00 153.00

(NA) (NA)

194.00 265.00 200.00

195.00

(D) Withheld to avoid disclosing data for individual operations. (NA) Not available. (S) Insufficient number of reports to establish an estimate.

Prices Received and Marketings for Upland Cotton and Rice – United States: December 2020 with Comparisons

Item December 2019 November 2020 December 2020

Cotton, Upland Average price ........................................ dollars/pound Marketings 1 ............................................. 1,000 bales Rice, all Average price ............................................. dollars/cwt Marketings 2 ................................................. 1,000 cwt Rice, long Average price ............................................. dollars/cwt Marketings 2 ................................................. 1,000 cwt Rice, medium and short California Average price ............................................. dollars/cwt Other States 3 Average price ............................................. dollars/cwt United States Average price ............................................. dollars/cwt Marketings 2 ................................................. 1,000 cwt

0.616 2,355

12.80 17,379

11.70 14,331

21.50

11.70

17.90 3,048

0.634 2,198

13.40 14,925

12.10 10,755

18.20

12.60

16.60 4,170

0.656 2,925

13.50 20,834

12.30 16,135

19.70

12.90

17.90 4,699

1 Marketings based on a survey of cotton buyers in the major producing States - Alabama, Arizona, Arkansas, California, Georgia, Louisiana, Mississippi, North Carolina, Tennessee, and Texas.

2 Purchases by private firms and rice (rough equivalent) shipped by cooperatives. 3 Other States include Arkansas, Louisiana, Mississippi, Missouri, and Texas.


Prices Received for Hay by Type – States and United States: December 2020 with Comparisons

State

All hay Alfalfa hay Other hay

December 2019

November 2020

December 2020

December 2019

November 2020

December 2020

December 2019

November 2020

December 2020

(dollars per

ton) (dollars per

ton) (dollars per

ton) (dollars per

ton) (dollars per

ton) (dollars per

ton) (dollars per

ton) (dollars per

ton) (dollars per

ton)

Arizona .............................. California ........................... Colorado ........................... Idaho ................................. Illinois ................................ Iowa ................................... Kansas .............................. Kentucky ........................... Michigan ............................ Minnesota ......................... Missouri ............................. Montana ............................ Nebraska ........................... Nevada .............................. New Mexico ...................... New York .......................... North Dakota ..................... Ohio ................................... Oklahoma .......................... Oregon .............................. Pennsylvania .................... South Dakota .................... Texas ................................ Utah ................................... Washington ....................... Wisconsin .......................... Wyoming ........................... United States ....................

191.00 189.00 228.00 154.00 166.00 139.00 126.00 143.00 168.00 158.00

122.00 145.00 108.00 180.00 216.00 167.00

84.00 179.00

90.00 200.00

188.00 108.00 136.00 189.00 189.00 229.00 173.00

158.00

180.00 180.00 191.00 162.00 155.00 118.00 127.00 155.00 170.00 110.00

112.00 128.00 100.00 185.00 216.00 171.00

79.00 165.00 121.00 198.00

199.00 105.00 151.00 194.00 190.00 186.00 170.00

156.00

180.00 176.00 206.00 163.00 148.00 110.00 133.00 157.00 176.00 115.00

111.00 129.00 105.00 180.00 216.00 170.00

83.00 171.00 104.00 188.00

201.00

98.00 152.00 189.00 177.00 167.00 174.00

155.00

190.00 200.00 230.00 155.00 185.00 149.00 138.00 205.00 190.00 170.00

155.00 145.00 114.00 180.00 220.00 200.00

87.00 220.00 165.00 200.00

228.00 114.00 202.00 190.00 195.00 242.00 180.00

172.00

180.00 190.00 190.00 165.00 170.00 122.00 144.00 215.00 185.00 131.00

155.00 130.00 107.00 185.00 225.00 195.00

80.00 200.00 171.00 210.00

250.00 117.00 204.00 195.00 190.00 196.00 170.00

167.00

180.00 185.00 205.00 165.00 165.00 122.00 154.00 215.00 190.00 134.00

155.00 130.00 118.00 180.00 225.00 200.00

87.00 200.00 185.00 205.00

265.00 110.00 214.00 190.00 180.00 178.00 175.00

169.00

200.00 150.00 220.00 140.00 130.00 117.00

99.00 125.00 130.00 119.00

115.00 145.00

94.00 170.00 190.00 165.00

66.00 150.00

87.00 200.00

182.00

92.00 128.00 150.00 175.00 186.00 150.00

136.00

185.00 145.00 205.00 135.00 115.00 100.00

94.00 140.00 145.00

88.00

100.00 115.00

82.00 180.00 170.00 165.00

68.00 140.00 111.00 175.00

185.00

82.00 142.00 125.00 190.00 147.00 170.00

136.00

190.00 145.00 215.00 140.00 110.00

93.00 95.00

140.00 150.00

80.00

100.00 125.00

76.00 175.00 170.00 160.00

64.00 150.00

99.00 160.00

185.00

78.00 144.00 130.00 170.00 124.00 170.00

134.00

Prices Received for Premium and Supreme Alfalfa Hay – States and 5-State Total: December 2020


(dollars per ton) (dollars per ton) (dollars per ton)

California ............................................ Idaho .................................................. Michigan ............................................. Minnesota .......................................... New York ........................................... Pennsylvania ..................................... Texas ................................................. Wisconsin ........................................... 5-State Total 1 2 .................................

230.00 165.00 200.00 251.00 235.00 280.00 225.00 275.00

200.00

220.00 180.00 215.00 189.00 239.00 270.00 219.00 209.00

200.00

220.00 185.00 215.00 182.00 257.00 335.00 225.00 229.00

203.00

1 5-State total represents a weighted (hay purchases) average price for the five largest milk producing States (based on the pounds of milk produced during the previous month).

2 For December 2019, includes California, Idaho, New York, Texas, and Wisconsin. For November 2020, includes California, Idaho, New York, Texas, and Wisconsin. For December 2020, includes California, Idaho, New York, Texas, and Wisconsin.


Prices Received for Citrus Fruits by Utilization – United States: December 2019

Commodity FOB

packed fresh

Equivalent returns

Packinghouse door On-tree

All Fresh Process All Fresh Process

(dollars per

box) (dollars per

box) (dollars per

box) (dollars per

box) (dollars per

box) (dollars per

box) (dollars per

box)

Grapefruit ................................................. Lemons ..................................................... Oranges ....................................................

32.60

45.80

30.10

15.17

28.91

13.30

22.20

35.42

19.63

4.52

(D)

10.77

12.81

22.43

10.20

19.91

28.64

16.75

2.06

(D)

7.59


Prices Received for Citrus Fruits by Utilization – United States: November 2020

Commodity FOB

packed fresh

Equivalent returns



(dollars per

box) (dollars per

box) (dollars per

box) (dollars per

box) (dollars per

box) (dollars per

box) (dollars per

box)


40.60

47.60

37.90

23.96

32.17

21.78

29.20

36.96

27.08

6.62

(D)

3.19

21.38

25.45

18.83

26.73

30.04

24.16

3.68

(D)

0.14


Prices Received for Citrus Fruits by Utilization – United States: December 2020

Commodity FOB

packed fresh

Equivalent returns



(dollars per

box) (dollars per

box) (dollars per

box) (dollars per

box) (dollars per

box) (dollars per

box) (dollars per

box)


38.30

46.80

35.10

19.72

29.85

14.03

27.27

36.12

24.37

6.43

(D)

9.58

17.22

23.20

11.03

24.89

29.20

21.47

3.69

(D)

6.54



Prices Received for All Milk – States and United States: December 2020 with Comparisons [Before deduction for hauling. Includes quality, quantity, and other premiums. Excludes hauling subsidies]


Price Fat test Price Fat test Price Fat test

(dollars per cwt) (percent) (dollars per cwt) (percent) (dollars per cwt) (percent)

Arizona ................................... California ................................ Colorado ................................ Florida .................................... Georgia .................................. Idaho ...................................... Illinois ..................................... Indiana ................................... Iowa ........................................ Kansas ................................... Michigan ................................. Minnesota .............................. New Mexico ........................... New York ............................... Ohio ........................................ Oregon ................................... Pennsylvania ......................... South Dakota ......................... Texas ..................................... Utah ........................................ Vermont ................................. Virginia ................................... Washington ............................ Wisconsin ............................... United States .........................

19.70 19.80 20.60 23.80 21.90 20.30 21.20 20.40 22.40 19.50

19.40 22.10 19.30 20.50 21.00 23.60 21.10 22.70 21.30 21.30

20.80 21.60 20.50 21.40

20.70

3.91 3.98 3.96 3.74 3.83 4.18 4.10 3.97 4.10 4.12

3.96 4.19 4.00 4.02 4.07 4.19 4.02 4.39 4.36 4.13

4.01 4.00 4.19 4.00

4.06

16.70 23.00 17.80 22.20 21.00 21.20 20.70 19.40 23.30 19.60

18.50 24.00 19.10 20.00 20.00 25.90 20.20 24.90 21.00 21.40

20.50 21.10 19.80 22.70

21.30

3.81 4.01 3.99 3.74 3.75 4.29 4.07 4.07 4.21 4.12

3.98 4.28 3.92 4.05 4.02 4.27 4.05 4.50 4.33 4.11

4.08 3.96 4.27 4.06

4.09

16.90 19.20 19.00 23.70 22.50 17.70 17.70 19.20 18.40 16.70

17.80 18.70 16.30 18.30 19.90 19.70 18.80 19.40 18.00 18.90

19.00 22.00 17.80 18.10

18.50

3.92 4.05 4.00 3.76 3.79 4.31 4.13 4.07 4.22 4.20

4.00 4.31 3.99 4.08 4.04 4.27 4.08 4.51 4.38 4.14

4.09 4.01 4.27 4.10

4.13

Prices Received for Milk Cows – States and United States: January 2021 with Comparisons [Animals sold for dairy herd replacement only. Quarterly United States milk cow prices are based on revised milk cow inventory]

State January 2020 October 2020 January 2021

(dollars per head) (dollars per head) (dollars per head)

Arizona ............................................... California ............................................ Colorado ............................................ Florida ................................................ Georgia .............................................. Idaho .................................................. Illinois ................................................. Indiana ............................................... Iowa .................................................... Kansas ............................................... Michigan ............................................. Minnesota .......................................... New Mexico ....................................... New York ........................................... Ohio .................................................... Oregon ............................................... Pennsylvania ..................................... South Dakota ..................................... Texas ................................................. Utah .................................................... Vermont ............................................. Virginia ............................................... Washington ........................................ Wisconsin ........................................... United States .....................................

1,450 1,400 1,300 1,350 1,310 1,350 1,260 1,220 1,200 1,400

1,260 1,140 1,400 1,190 1,200 1,300 1,210 1,280 1,400 1,250

1,290 1,160 1,250 1,260

1,300

1,450 1,350 1,350 1,440 1,300 1,350 1,310 1,260 1,290 1,420

1,360 1,240 1,400 1,240 1,220 1,300 1,270 1,300 1,400 1,250

1,270 1,270 1,350 1,420

1,340

1,500 1,350 1,300 1,400 1,280 1,350 1,290 1,350 1,310 1,400

1,400 1,260 1,400 1,300 1,230 1,300 1,250 1,350 1,400 1,200

1,350 1,180 1,350 1,470

1,360


Parity Price Overview Parity prices, based on data from January 2020, and adjusted base price data from which parity prices are computed are

presented in the tables on the following pages. Parity prices are computed under the provisions of Title III. Subtitle A,

Section 301(a) of the Agricultural Adjustment Act of 1938 as amended by the Agricultural Acts of 1948, 1949, 1954, and 1956.

The parity prices shown in this report are based on the provisions of the amended Act. Briefly, the actual method of computation is as follows:

a. The average of prices received by farmers for individual commodities for the 10 preceding years is calculated (for 2020, the 10-average includes the years 2010-2019). An allowance for unredeemed loans and other supplemental payments

resulting from price support programs, such as the deficiency payments for grains and cotton, is included for those

commodities for which applicable.

b. This 10-year average is divided by the average of the Index of Prices Received by Farmers for the same 10 preceding

calendar years, adjusted to include an allowance for unredeemed loans and other supplemental price support operations, to give an "adjusted base price".

c. Parity prices are computed by multiplying the "adjusted base prices" by the current Parity Index (the Index of Prices Paid by Farmers, including Interest, Taxes, and Wage Rates, 1910-1914=100).

Parity prices are calculated in terms of prices received by farmers in the local markets in which they ordinarily sell. This means that the parity prices apply to the average of all classes and grades of the commodity as sold by all farmers in the

United States, except as otherwise specified. Fruits and vegetables for fresh use and for processing are usually considered

separate commodities and separate parity prices are calculated. The Agricultural Marketing Agreement Act of 1937 provided for parity prices for certain commodities covered by a marketing agreement or order program. Under present

legislation, United States parity prices, with appropriate adjustments where needed, may be used for the purpose of this

Act.


Commodity Parity Prices and Price as Percent of Parity Price – United States: December 2020 with Comparisons [Parity prices are computed under the provisions of Title III, Subtitle a, Section 301 (a) of the Agricultural Adjustment Act of 1938 as amended by the Agricultural Acts of 1948, 1949, and 1956. See February Agricultural Prices for details on adjusted base price and parity price computations. Parity

data not available for blank cells. Primary source of data for livestock and milk prices is United States Department of Agriculture's Agricultural Marketing Service]

Commodity and unit Adjusted

base price

Parity price Price as percent

of parity

December 2019

November 2020

December 2020

December 2019

November 2020

December 2020

(dollars) (dollars) (dollars) (dollars) (percent) (percent) (percent)

Basic commodities All wheat .......................................... bushel Rice ....................................................... cwt Corn ................................................. bushel Cotton Upland ......................................... pound American Pima ............................ pound Peanuts ............................................ pound Small chickpeas 1 ................................. cwt Large chickpeas 1 ................................. cwt Lentils 1 ................................................. cwt Designated non-basic All milk, to plants 2 ................................ cwt Honey, extracted 3 ........................... pound Wool and mohair Wool ................................................. pound Mohair .............................................. pound Other non-basic Apples, fresh 4 ................................. pound Barley ............................................... bushel Canola ................................................... cwt Cottonseed ............................................ ton Dry edible beans .................................. cwt Flaxseed .......................................... bushel Oats .................................................. bushel Potatoes, fresh ..................................... cwt Sorghum grain ...................................... cwt Soybeans ......................................... bushel Sunflower, all ........................................ cwt Citrus (equivalent on-tree) Grapefruit .............................................. box Lemons ................................................. box Oranges ................................................ box Livestock and poultry Beef cattle ............................................. cwt Broilers ............................................. pound Calves ................................................... cwt Eggs 2 ................................................ dozen Hogs ...................................................... cwt Turkeys, live .................................... pound

0.558 1.30

0.433

0.070 0.135 0.023 2.40 3.11 2.39

1.79 0.191

0.148 0.457

0.036 0.495 1.81

19.30 3.10 1.09

0.290 1.06

0.735 1.06 2.07

0.905 1.98

1.050

11.90 0.052 17.30 0.101 5.71

0.066

17.10 40.10 13.10

2.06 4.19

0.688 72.40 97.50 76.30

52.60 5.56

4.19 12.70

1.050 15.00 55.90

583.00 95.40 32.60 8.61

32.00 22.20 32.60 62.80

25.00 55.90 30.20

350.00 1.56

508.00 3.05

170.00 1.970

16.90 39.40 13.10

2.12 4.09

0.696 72.70 94.20 72.40

54.20 5.78

4.48 13.80

1.090 15.00 54.80

584.00 93.90 33.00 8.78

32.10 22.30 32.10 62.70

27.40 60.00 31.80

360.00 1.57

524.00 3.06

173.00 2.000

17.00 39.70 13.20

2.14 4.12

0.702 73.20 94.90 72.90

54.60 5.83

4.51 13.90

1.100 15.10 55.20

589.00 94.60 33.20 8.85

32.30 22.40 32.30 63.10

27.60 60.40 32.00

363.00 1.59

528.00 3.08

174.00 2.010

27 32 28

30 27 28 18 18 19

38 35

42 41

32 30 26 28 35 27 35 43 25 27 28

51 40 34

34 29 31 27 28 32

31 34 29

30 26 30 22 22 25

36 34

42 46

64 32 33 34 32 32 34 34 39 32 30

78 42 59

30 25 31 25 30 37

32 34 30

31 26 29 29 20 25

33 34

42 46

64 32 31 33 33 33 30 32 40 33 30

62 38 34

30 28 31 21 28 36

1 Parity prices began January 2015. 2 Seasonally adjusted price as percentage of parity price. 3 Wholesale extracted. Adjusted base price derived from state annual averages prices weighted by production. For 1982 through 1985 the national

averages are the support prices. 4 Equivalent packinghouse-door returns for California, New York, Oregon, and Washington. Price at point of first sale for other states.


Commodity Parity Prices – United States: December 2020 with Comparisons [Parity prices are computed under the provisions of Title III, Subtitle a, Section 301 (a) of the Agricultural Adjustment Act of 1938 as amended by the Agricultural Acts of 1948, 1949, and 1956. See February Agricultural Prices for details on adjusted base price and parity price computations]


base price

Parity price

December 2019

November 2020

December 2020

(dollars) (dollars) (dollars) (dollars)

Field crops and miscellaneous Hops .................................................................................. pound Mustard seed .........................................................................cwt Rapeseed ...............................................................................cwt Rye ................................................................................... bushel Safflower ................................................................................cwt Spearmint oil ..................................................................... pound Sweet potatoes ......................................................................cwt Tobacco Flue-cured, 11-14 ......................................................... pound Fire-cured, 21-23 .......................................................... pound Burley, 31 ...................................................................... pound Maryland, 32 ................................................................. pound Dark air-cured, 35-37 ................................................... pound Pennsylvania seedleaf, 41 ........................................... pound Non-citrus fruit Apples, processing 1 2 ........................................................... ton Apricots, fresh 3 ..................................................................... ton Avocados 2 3 ........................................................................... ton Cherries Sweet ................................................................................. ton Tart 2 .............................................................................. pound Cranberry 2 4 ......................................................................barrel Dates (California) 3 ................................................................ ton Grapes (California) Wine, processing ............................................................... ton Kiwifruit 2 ................................................................................ ton Nectarines, fresh (California) 3 .............................................. ton Olives, canning (California) 4 ................................................ ton

0.422 3.07 2.55

0.631 2.19 1.74 2.01

0.185 0.256 0.183 0.174 0.228 0.214

20.80 127.00 194.00

212.00

0.029 3.38

206.00

78.50 117.00

81.10 112.00

12.10 94.20 79.00 18.80 65.50 52.30 61.60

5.59 7.69 5.50 5.17 6.85 6.01

607.00 3,830.00 5,920.00

6,280.00

0.897 106.00

5,500.00

2,270.00 3,140.00 2,350.00 3,320.00

12.80 93.00 77.20 19.10 66.30 52.70 60.90

5.60 7.75 5.54 5.27 6.90 6.48

630.00 3,850.00 5,870.00

6,420.00

0.878 102.00

6,240.00

2,380.00 3,540.00 2,460.00 3,390.00

12.90 93.60 77.80 19.20 66.80 53.10 61.30

5.64 7.81 5.58 5.31 6.95 6.53

634.00 3,870.00 5,920.00

6,470.00

0.885 103.00

6,280.00

2,390.00 3,570.00 2,470.00 3,420.00

See footnote(s) at end of table. --continued


Commodity Parity Prices – United States: December 2020 with Comparisons (continued) [Parity prices are computed under the provisions of Title III, Subtitle a, Section 301 (a) of the Agricultural Adjustment Act of 1938 as amended by the Agricultural Acts of 1948, 1949, and 1956. See February Agricultural Prices for details on adjusted base price and parity price computations]


base price

Parity price

December 2019

November 2020

December 2020

(dollars) (dollars) (dollars) (dollars)

Non-citrus fruit - continued Papayas (Hawaii) ............................................................. pound Peaches, fresh 4 6 .................................................................. ton Pears, fresh 6 ......................................................................... ton Plums (California) equivalent on-tree ....................................... Fresh 7 ............................................................................... ton Strawberries Fresh 10 ......................................................................... pound Processing .................................................................... pound Sugar crops Sugarbeets 2 8 ................................................................... ton Sugarcane 2 8 .................................................................... ton Tree nuts 9 Almonds ............................................................................ pound Hazelnuts ............................................................................... ton Pistachios ......................................................................... pound Walnuts .................................................................................. ton Vegetables, fresh 10 Carrots 11 ................................................................................cwt Cauliflower 11 .........................................................................cwt Celery 11 .................................................................................cwt Honeydew melons .................................................................cwt Lettuce ...................................................................................cwt Onions 11 ................................................................................cwt Tomatoes ...............................................................................cwt

0.042

106.00 63.00 80.40

176.00

10.20 3.91

4.91 3.49

0.258 237.00

0.250 237.00

2.64 4.62 2.13 2.07 2.74 1.44 4.05

1.35

3,080.00 1,910.00 2,230.00 5,320.00

294.00 112.00

153.00 105.00

7.57 7,090.00

7.30 7,060.00

84.30 139.00

61.30 75.40 75.40 42.20

120.00

1.27

3,210.00 1,910.00 2,430.00 5,330.00

309.00 118.00

149.00 106.00

7.81 7,180.00

7.57 7,180.00

79.90 140.00

64.50 62.70 83.00 43.60

123.00

1.28

3,230.00 1,920.00 2,450.00 5,370.00

311.00 119.00

150.00 106.00

7.87 7,230.00

7.63 7,230.00

80.50 141.00

65.00 63.10 83.60 43.90

124.00 1 Equivalent returns at processing plant door. 2 Adjusted base price is carried forward from the previous year since current marketing year average price is not yet available. 3 Equivalent returns at packinghouse door. 4 Equivalent returns for bulk fruit at first delivery point. 5 Dried basis. 6 Equivalent packinghouse-door returns for California, New York (apples only), Oregon (except peaches), and Washington. Price at point of first sale

for other states. 7 Based on "as sold" prices for fresh fruit in all states. 8 Relates to prices including average conditional payments per ton made under the sugar acts of 1937 and 1948. Crop deficiency and abandonment

payments not included. 9 Prices In-Shell basis except almonds which are shelled basis. 10 FOB shipping point price. 11 Includes some processing.


Marketing Year for Specified Commodities Rice:

United States ………………………………………………………………………………………. August 1 to July 31

Louisiana and Texas …………………………………………………………………………………. July 1 to June 30

Arkansas and Mississippi …………………………………………………………………………. August 1 to July 31

California …………………………………………………………………………………...October 1 to September 30

Missouri ……………………………………………………………………………………. September 1 to August 31


Rice Market Year Average Prices Received by All and Length of Grain – States and United States: Marketing Years 2017 through 2019

State 2017 2018 2019


All rice Arkansas ................................................... California ................................................... Louisiana .................................................. Mississippi ................................................ Missouri ..................................................... Texas ........................................................ United States 1 ..........................................

11.10 20.30 11.70 11.50 12.00 11.90

12.90

10.70 21.30 11.20 10.80 10.70 12.50

12.60

11.90 21.80 11.80 11.90 12.10 12.80

13.60

Long grain United States 1 .......................................... Medium and short grain California ................................................... Other States 1 ........................................... United States 1 ..........................................

11.50

20.10 11.70

17.00

10.80

21.10 12.30

18.50

12.00

21.60 11.60

18.20

1 Based on state prices weighted by marketings for August through July.


All Rice Prices Received and Farm Marketings by Month – United States: Marketing Years 2018-2019 through 2020-2021 [Marketing year average (MYA) prices are weighted average prices for the United States marketing year of August through July]

Month Prices received Farm marketings 1

2018-2019 2019-2020 2 2020-2021 2 2018-2019 2019-2020 2 2020-2021 2

(dollars per cwt) (dollars per cwt) (dollars per cwt) (1,000 cwt) (1,000 cwt) (1,000 cwt)

August ................ September .......... October ............... November ........... December ........... January 3 ............ February ............. March .................. April ..................... May ..................... June .................... July ..................... MYA ....................

14.30 12.40 12.40 13.00 12.70 13.50 12.40 11.90 12.00 11.90 12.20 12.90

12.60

12.80 12.30 12.80 13.50 12.80 14.10 13.70 13.80 14.10 14.50 14.90 14.70

13.60

15.80 13.70 13.10 13.40 13.50

4,421 8,173

14,466 13,525 17,045 20,261 12,434 16,003 15,419 14,402 12,634 11,870

160,653

10,188 9,309

15,100 11,761 17,379 20,295 12,443 14,054

9,973 8,134 7,584 6,658

142,878

5,768 8,281

16,110 14,925 20,834

1 Purchases from producers as reported by private firms and rice (rough equivalent) shipped from producers as reported by cooperative mills. 2 Prices and marketings include late reports and revised data for October 2019 - November 2020. Final monthly prices, marketings, and MYA price will

be published in the January 2022 Agricultural Prices report. 3 Second year.

Long Grain Rice Prices Received and Farm Marketings by Month – United States: Marketing Years 2018-2019 through 2020-2021 [Marketing year average (MYA) prices are weighted average prices for the United States marketing year of August through July]


2018-2019 2019-2020 2 2020-2021 2 2018-2019 2019-2020 2 2020-2021 2


August ........... September ..... October .......... November ...... December ...... January 3 ....... February ........ March ............. April ................ May ................ June ............... July ................ MYA ...............

11.90 11.30 10.90 10.90 10.80 10.90 10.80 10.70 10.50 10.50 10.70 10.70

10.80

10.90 11.20 11.40 11.60 11.70 12.00 12.50 12.60 12.90 12.90 13.40 13.20

12.00

13.60 12.60 12.20 12.10 12.30

2,993 6,769

11,545 9,506

12,610 14,015

9,885 13,240 12,218 11,869 10,120

8,829

123,599

7,905 7,843

11,758 8,599

14,331 14,765

9,684 10,541

7,292 5,541 5,311 4,115

107,685

3,415 6,534

13,026 10,755 16,135




Medium and Short Grain Rice Prices Received and Farm Marketings by Month – United States: Marketing Years 2018-2019 through 2020-2021 [Marketing year average (MYA) prices are weighted average prices for the United States marketing year of August through July]


2018-2019 2019-2020 2 2020-2021 2 2018-2019 2019-2020 2 2020-2021 2


August ............... September ........ October ............. November ......... December ......... January 3 ........... February ............ March ................ April ................... May .................... June ................... July .................... MYA ...................

19.50 17.80 18.20 18.10 18.10 19.40 18.50 17.60 17.30 18.80 18.30 19.60

18.50

19.40 18.10 17.80 18.70 17.90 19.80 17.90 17.30 17.40 17.80 18.40 17.20

18.20

18.90 17.70 17.20 16.60 17.90

1,428 1,404 2,921 4,019 4,435 6,246 2,549 2,763 3,201 2,533 2,514 3,041

37,054

2,283 1,466 3,342 3,162 3,048 5,530 2,759 3,513 2,681 2,593 2,273 2,543

35,193

2,353 1,747 3,084 4,170 4,699



Medium and Short Grain Rice Prices Received by Month – California and Other States: Marketing Years 2019-2020 through 2020-2021 [Marketing year for California: October - September. Marketing Year for Other States: August - July. Other States include Arkansas, Louisiana, Mississippi, Missouri, and Texas]

Month California Other States

2019-2020 1 2020-2021 1 2019-2020 2020-2021 2

(dollars per cwt) (dollars per cwt) (dollars per cwt) (dollars per cwt)

August ............... September ........ October ............. November ......... December ......... January 3 ........... February ............ March ................ April ................... May .................... June ................... July .................... August ............... September ........ MYA ...................

20.60 21.20 21.80 22.10 21.50 21.90 21.50 20.80 21.40 22.20 21.50 21.60 21.20 21.80

21.60

21.20 21.80 18.90 18.20 19.70

12.10 12.20 11.40 11.50 11.70 11.60 11.70 11.80 11.70 11.70 11.40 11.40 12.30 12.30

11.60

12.30 12.30 12.60 12.60 12.90

1 Prices include late reports and revised data for October 2019 - November 2020. 2 Prices include late reports and revised data for August 2020 - November 2020. Final monthly prices and MYA price will be published in the October

2021 Agricultural Prices report. 3 Second year.


Prices Received Indexes as a Percent of 2011 Base, Monthly and Annual Average – United States: 2016-2020 [Revised historical price indexes for months not shown are available at www.nass.usda.gov]

Year Agricultural production

January February March April May June July August September October November December Annual 1

2016 .... 2017 .... 2018 .... 2019 .... 2020 ....

89.4 85.8 86.2 86.4 89.0

93.2 90.9 91.0 90.3 90.7

93.2 94.1 95.1 93.3 92.6

93.2 95.9 93.0 93.7 82.1

94.8 99.5 94.7 92.6 84.5

93.7 97.9 95.0 93.7 88.1

90.6 95.3 91.6 91.3 86.7

89.7 93.9 89.6 91.5 87.5

86.4 92.3 88.4 88.0 89.3

80.6 87.6 85.2 86.0 89.2

83.4 91.3 88.4 90.4 93.1

88.1 92.2 90.1 91.1 91.4

90.2 93.4 90.5 90.4 90.2

Year Crop production


2016 .... 2017 .... 2018 .... 2019 .... 2020 ....

80.8 77.0 78.6 78.7 82.6

85.7 84.5 86.5 85.1 86.6

83.9 85.5 88.0 87.8 87.4

87.5 91.1 88.6 85.8 86.3

91.1 89.4 89.0 85.0 86.8

88.7 86.5 90.1 89.9 89.5

84.9 86.3 86.7 89.2 88.6

84.9 88.3 89.5 89.2 91.1

84.1 89.4 88.0 88.5 94.2

79.5 82.4 80.1 83.1 88.4

80.7 81.6 84.1 85.1 92.3

81.5 84.7 87.6 86.1 91.8

85.5 86.2 86.1 85.6 91.2

Year Grain and oilseed


2016 .... 2017 .... 2018 .... 2019 .... 2020 ....

66.0 65.2 64.8 65.2 67.4

64.7 65.7 66.4 65.7 67.2

64.3 65.8 68.4 65.3 66.1

65.5 64.3 69.6 63.8 62.5

67.9 63.4 69.5 63.5 60.9

67.8 62.5 67.8 67.1 60.6

62.6 64.8 65.7 67.4 61.4

60.8 63.8 65.4 65.8 61.8

61.9 64.4 65.0 65.2 66.1

65.6 65.5 64.8 67.2 70.4

62.5 61.7 62.3 65.0 71.6

63.8 63.1 64.6 66.0 74.5

64.0 65.5 65.4 64.6 70.0

Year Food grain


2016 .... 2017 .... 2018 .... 2019 .... 2020 ....

73.8 63.0 74.1 78.7 77.8

70.2 63.4 75.3 78.1 78.6

68.2 65.7 76.8 75.6 79.3

68.0 63.7 79.2 74.0 79.6

68.9 62.4 79.7 72.3 79.1

60.4 61.5 72.9 67.9 68.7

53.3 65.4 69.8 63.6 65.1

54.0 67.5 75.2 62.9 68.1

55.7 68.2 73.6 65.1 72.8

59.5 71.0 75.9 71.3 76.4

62.5 75.6 78.3 74.2 80.4

60.9 70.8 76.9 73.8 81.1

59.3 71.1 74.2 72.7 73.9

Year Feed grain


2016 .... 2017 .... 2018 .... 2019 .... 2020 ....

61.4 56.9 55.2 59.4 63.1

60.4 57.9 56.9 60.3 63.1

60.1 58.7 58.9 60.6 61.6

59.7 57.4 59.9 59.0 55.1

61.6 57.7 61.4 60.6 53.6

64.3 57.6 60.2 66.6 53.2

60.8 59.0 58.7 69.7 54.7

56.1 56.8 58.2 66.6 54.1

54.6 55.5 57.6 63.8 57.8

55.1 54.7 57.2 64.1 60.8

54.1 52.8 57.0 61.2 64.0

55.6 54.3 59.2 61.7 67.2

56.8 57.2 61.2 59.2 62.4

Year Oilseed


2016 .... 2017 .... 2018 .... 2019 .... 2020 ....

69.7 77.4 74.5 69.4 70.9

68.4 78.5 76.3 68.9 69.3

68.8 77.3 79.0 68.6 68.5

72.3 74.7 79.2 66.9 67.6

77.9 74.3 79.2 65.2 67.4

81.1 72.8 76.8 67.5 67.7

80.8 75.4 73.3 67.8 69.0

78.5 74.3 70.1 67.1 70.5

74.9 75.2 70.6 67.0 74.1

74.3 73.5 68.9 68.9 77.0

75.2 73.6 67.1 68.7 82.0

76.6 74.4 68.6 69.6 83.5

75.4 75.3 67.9 68.6 79.2

Year Fruit and tree nut


2016 .... 2017 .... 2018 .... 2019 .... 2020 ....

134.6 118.3 135.8 121.5 118.3

135.7 118.6 138.5 113.5 130.6

127.3 118.0 127.4 116.3 128.6

125.0 113.7 123.3 108.8 122.6

123.6 125.8 112.7 102.4 122.4

127.5 127.5 132.7 114.3 136.0

132.4 130.5 130.4 121.9 147.1

126.5 131.1 127.2 124.2 147.3

126.8 135.4 130.1 128.8 148.9

128.8 132.3 129.1 128.0 151.6

133.0 133.3 129.0 128.0 152.5

124.4 133.3 124.7 124.2 143.6

137.8 129.6 130.1 124.1 142.1



Prices Received Indexes as a Percent of 2011 Base, Monthly and Annual Average – United States: 2016-2020 (continued) [Revised historical price indexes for months not shown are available at www.nass.usda.gov]

Year Vegetables & melons


2016 ... 2017 ... 2018 ... 2019 ... 2020 ...

134.2 98.6

101.8 117.1 186.7

104.2 116.3 96.7

122.4 108.9

97.2 122.5 117.5 144.6 126.1

98.7 156.7 95.1

113.4 109.7

113.1 110.8 104.3 104.8 107.6

108.0 106.9 99.6

127.7 131.5

104.3 101.1 88.5

121.0 116.8

88.8 94.2 93.3

100.7 98.8

89.7 104.1 91.0 98.5

121.6

88.8 117.1 97.8

123.3 132.3

95.5 106.0 143.7 144.4 149.1

95.5 113.7 153.0 133.8 112.6

103.9 111.8 107.7 121.8 124.6

Year Other crop


2016 ... 2017 ... 2018 ... 2019 ... 2020 ...

76.7 77.6 83.0 84.9 80.6

75.1 75.4 79.8 85.0 80.4

74.9 76.3 80.8 86.3 79.4

76.6 78.6 82.8 88.1 78.4

77.9 80.6 87.2 91.0 82.3

79.5 82.6 91.6 93.7 87.8

81.3 84.2 92.7 92.9 88.8

82.1 83.2 92.6 86.8 88.2

82.0 86.8 96.3 94.1 93.5

79.7 84.7 91.9 87.3 87.5

78.2 81.8 89.3 82.2 84.0

79.2 83.5 90.5 83.2 85.2

80.1 83.3 90.3 84.0 85.6

Year Food commodity


2016 ... 2017 ... 2018 ... 2019 ... 2020 ...

96.6 93.1 92.8 92.9 96.5

98.4 96.0 95.3 94.3 95.1

98.1 99.7

100.0 98.0 97.9

97.2 101.0 96.2 97.7 84.3

99.1 105.5 98.1 96.1 87.7

97.6 103.9 98.8 96.7 92.3

94.4 100.6 94.9 93.4 90.3

93.5 98.7 92.0 94.1 91.0

89.8 97.0 90.8 89.9 92.9

84.2 93.4 88.9 89.3 94.6

89.1 100.5 94.2 97.4

101.1

93.8 99.5 94.4 96.9 96.3

95.3 99.5 94.1 95.4 94.7

Year Livestock production


2016 ... 2017 ... 2018 ... 2019 ... 2020 ...

99.6 96.5 94.7 97.8 98.5

99.0 95.9 94.2 95.2 94.7

99.8 100.5 99.8 98.1 97.4

97.2 99.5 95.7

100.5 78.4

97.4 106.7 98.3 99.1 82.6

97.7 107.1 98.5 97.3 86.7

96.0 103.9 95.6 93.7 84.5

93.7 98.5 89.7 93.7 83.9

88.4 94.9 88.7 87.3 84.1

82.1 94.2 91.4 90.6 90.6

86.2 101.8 92.7 97.1 94.2

94.5 99.6 92.3 97.1 90.9

94.4 100.1 94.2 95.7 89.0

Year Meat animal


2016 ... 2017 ... 2018 ... 2019 ... 2020 ...

102.8 96.0 99.3 96.7 98.5

106.1 99.2

103.4 97.6 96.5

108.6 103.0 101.8 100.7 92.8

105.7 103.9 96.3

104.9 87.5

106.0 111.4 99.2

102.0 91.4

104.8 110.8 96.1 97.2 88.0

100.2 104.0 94.5 94.9 79.9

97.2 98.8 90.5 94.9 85.2

88.9 90.0 88.7 86.0 87.8

82.4 93.0 93.1 89.7 91.8

83.6 99.7 93.1 92.9 91.1

88.4 97.2 93.1 94.7 89.8

97.9 100.5 95.8 96.1 90.0

Year Cattle


2016 ... 2017 ... 2018 ... 2019 ... 2020 ...

115.2 102.2 105.7 106.2 107.0

116.4 103.7 109.8 107.8 105.2

119.3 109.0 109.7 110.3 99.3

115.1 111.7 104.6 109.7 94.8

111.9 118.4 105.0 104.3 95.4

108.8 114.8 98.0 99.4 95.3

103.4 104.7 96.2 97.6 85.4

102.1 100.1 96.5 96.7 90.5

94.3 94.0 95.7 90.4 91.8

88.7 98.5 98.4 94.7 94.1

91.8 106.2 100.4 99.7 95.3

97.3 104.4 102.8 103.3 95.6

105.3 105.5 101.8 101.6 95.8

Year Hog


2016 ... 2017 ... 2018 ... 2019 ... 2020 ...

65.6 72.3 78.9 67.1 71.9

74.6 81.8 82.1 65.3 68.4

75.2 79.7 75.2 69.9 71.7

76.7 72.8 68.1 89.3 63.6

86.0 80.6 77.4 93.7 76.7

91.1 93.4 88.9 89.5 62.1

89.3 101.2 88.1 85.1 60.0

79.1 92.5 66.6 88.0 64.5

71.9 73.5 65.0 71.7 74.7

62.7 71.1 75.6 73.8 84.7

58.6 75.2 69.5 72.2 78.0

64.8 73.1 65.3 71.1 73.8

74.6 80.6 75.1 78.1 70.9



Prices Received Indexes as a Percent of 2011 Base, Monthly and Annual Average – United States: 2016-2020 (continued) [Revised historical price indexes for months not shown are available at www.nass.usda.gov]

Year Dairy


2016 .... 2017 .... 2018 .... 2019 .... 2020 ....

80.1 94.0 80.6 82.6 97.5

78.1 91.5 76.1 83.6 94.0

76.1 86.1 77.6 87.6 89.6

75.1 82.1 78.6 88.1 71.6

72.1 83.1 80.6 89.6 67.7

73.6 86.1 81.1 90.0 90.0

80.1 85.6 77.1 93.0

102.0

85.6 90.0 80.1 94.0 93.5

86.6 89.1 84.1 96.0 89.1

83.1 90.0 87.1 99.5

100.5

88.6 90.5 85.6

105.0 106.0

94.0 85.6 82.6

103.0 92.0

81.1 87.8 80.9 92.7 91.1

Year Poultry


2016 .... 2017 .... 2018 .... 2019 .... 2020 ....

112.8 99.4

111.2 112.2 99.3

104.8 92.2

112.0 100.6 91.9

104.9 106.4 140.2 102.4 112.2

102.8 104.2 129.2 103.5 67.3

107.0 116.0 131.5 102.6 79.3

109.1 116.3 137.1 104.1 81.5

102.7 116.5 130.0 92.0 79.6

92.7 103.7 104.1 91.2 74.7

89.0 109.4 96.6 82.8 73.7

79.9 99.6 95.5 85.6 81.4

90.5 114.6 105.0 99.0 91.2

110.3 114.5 108.4 96.7 92.0

100.4 108.1 115.9 97.6 85.4

1 Weighted index using monthly commodity market shares.

Prices Received Indexes as a Percent of 1910-1914 Base, Monthly and Annual Average – United States: 2016-2020 [Revised historical price indexes for months not shown are available at www.nass.usda.gov]

Year Agricultural production


2016 .... 2017 .... 2018 .... 2019 .... 2020 ....

923 885 889 892 918

961 938 939 932 936

962 971 982 963 956

962 990 959 967 847

979 1026 977 956 872

967 1010 981 967 909

935 983 945 943 894

926 968 925 944 903

892 952 912 908 922

832 904 879 888 921

861 942 913 932 961

910 951 930 941 943

931 964 934 933 931

Year Crop production


2016 .... 2017 .... 2018 .... 2019 .... 2020 ....

705 671 685 686 721

747 737 754 742 755

732 745 767 765 762

763 795 773 748 753

794 780 776 741 757

773 755 785 784 781

741 752 756 778 773

740 770 781 778 795

734 780 767 772 821

693 719 699 725 771

704 712 734 742 805

711 739 764 751 801

746 752 751 747 796

Year Livestock production


2016 .... 2017 .... 2018 .... 2019 .... 2020 ....

1156 1121 1099 1135 1144

1149 1114 1094 1105 1100

1158 1167 1159 1139 1130

1129 1155 1111 1166 910

1131 1239 1141 1151 959

1134 1244 1144 1130 1007

1114 1206 1110 1088 981

1088 1144 1041 1088 974

1027 1101 1030 1014 977

953 1094 1061 1052 1052

1001 1182 1077 1128 1094

1098 1157 1072 1128 1056

1096 1162 1094 1112 1033

1 Weighted index using monthly commodity market shares.


Reliability of Prices Received Estimates

Definition: Prices received represent sales from producers to first buyers. They include all grades and qualities. The

average commodity price from the survey multiplied by the total quantity marketed theoretically should give the total cash

receipts for the commodity.

Survey procedures: Primary sales data used to determine grain prices were obtained from probability samples of about

1,900 mills and elevators. These procedures ensure that virtually all grain moving into commercial channels has a chance of being included in the survey. Generally, States surveyed account for 90 percent or more of total United States

production. Livestock prices are obtained from packers, stockyards, auctions, dealers, and market check data from

AMS-USDA, private marketing organizations, and state commodity groups and agencies. Inter-farm sales of grain and livestock are not included since they represent very small percentages of the total sales. Grain marketed for seed is also

excluded. Fruit and vegetable prices are obtained from sample surveys and market check data from AMS-USDA, private

marketing organizations, state agencies, and universities.

Summary and estimation procedures: Survey quantities sold are expanded by strata to state levels and used to weight

average strata prices to a state average. State prices are then weighted to a United States price based on expanded sales. Recommendations are prepared by the Regional Field Offices and reviewed by the Agricultural Statistics Board in

Washington, D.C. State recommendations are reviewed for reasonableness with survey data, other States, and recent

historic estimates.

Revisions: In general, revisions are made during annual commodity market year estimation time, following five-year

Census revisions, or when later information is received. Revisions are published in monthly issues of Agricultural Prices.

Reliability: United States price estimates based on probability surveys generally have a sampling error of less than one

percent for the major commodities such as corn, wheat, soybeans, cotton, and rice. Current methods of summarization for non-probability commodities are not designed directly to calculate sampling errors. However, analytical measures

approximate the United States relative sampling errors at around five percent. Any non-sampling errors are attributed to

such things as the inability to obtain correct information, differences in interpreting questions or definitions, mistakes in coding or processing the data, etc. Efforts are made at each step in the survey process to minimize these non-sampling

errors.

Program Changes: After the Council on Food, Agricultural and Resource Economics (C-FARE) 2009 program review which

included changes in farm production practices, plans were implemented to make necessary program improvements in the

agricultural price program. The index group structure for prices received was modified to maintain a more universal structure

and consistency with the required 1910-1914 series.

Modifications implemented January 2014 include the following: updated the current 1990-1992 base reference period to

2011; linked the 1910-1914 series to the updated base reference period, 2011; created index groups used universally by

researchers, data users, and policymakers; and re-classified agricultural commodities into the index groups. Also, the modifications expanded the commodity coverage for vegetable, melon, non-citrus, and tree nuts; updated monthly market

weights; and adjusted (normalized) current five year moving average cash receipts and farm input cost weights.

Modifications implemented January 2015 discontinued preliminary prices and replaced the annual average index with an

annual index.

The February 2016 program update changed the rounding of the 2011 base period indexes to nearest tenth of a percent.

The 1910-1914 base period indexes remain rounded to the nearest whole number.

See Price Program Links at end of this report for program change details.


December Prices Paid by Farmers

The December Prices Paid Index for Commodities and Services, Interest, Taxes, and Farm Wage Rates (PPITW), at

112.7, is up 0.7 percent from November 2020 and 1.6 percent from December 2019.

Production: The December index, at 109.4, is up 1.0 percent from November and 1.9 percent from last year. Higher

prices for complete feeds, LP gas, feeder pigs, and diesel more than offset lower prices for feeder cattle, herbicides,

insecticides, and fungicides.

Feed: At 111.1, the December index increased 2.7 percent from November and 7.6 percent from last December.

Prices are higher than the previous month for complete feeds, feed grains, concentrates, supplements, and hay and forages.

Livestock and poultry: The December index, at 103.2, increased 1.0 percent from November and 0.1 percent from last year. Higher price for feeder pigs more than offset lower price for feeder cattle. The feeder pigs price, $143.00 per

cwt, is up $23.00 per cwt from November. The feeder cattle price, at $142.00 per cwt, is unchanged from the previous

month.

Fertilizer: The index for December, at 75.9, is up 0.9 percent from November and 7.8 percent from December a year

ago. Compared with November, prices are higher for mixed fertilizer, potash and phosphate.

Chemicals: The December index, at 99.6, is down 0.3 percent from November but up 0.2 percent from last

December.

Fuels: At 80.1, the December index is up 9.4 percent from November and 0.6 percent from December 2020.

Compared with November, prices are higher for LP gas, diesel, and gasoline.

Machinery: The index for December, at 124.4, increased 0.3 percent from November and 0.2 percent from last

December. Prices are higher than the previous month for other machinery and tractors.

Consumer Price Index: The December 2020 Consumer Price Index for All Urban Consumers (CPI-U), as issued by the

Bureau of Labor Statistics, increased 1.4 percent over the last 12 months to an index level of 260.474 (1982-1984=100). For the month, the index increased 0.1 percent prior to seasonal adjustment.


Prices Paid Indexes and Related Parity Ratios – United States: December 2020 with Comparisons [Revised historical price indexes for months not shown are available at www.nass.usda.gov]

Index Group and

Ratios

1910-1914 Base 2011 Base

December 2019

November 2020

December 2020

December 2019

November 2020

December 2020

(percent) (percent) (percent) (percent) (percent) (percent)

Prices paid by farmers for commodities, services, interest, taxes, and wage rates (PPITW) ............................................ Production .............................................. Feed ................................................... Livestock and poultry ........................ Seeds ................................................. Fertilizer ............................................. Chemicals .......................................... Fuels .................................................. Supplies and repairs ......................... Autos and trucks ............................... Machinery .......................................... Building materials .............................. Services and rent .............................. Services ............................................. Rent ................................................... Interest 1 ................................................. Taxes 2 ................................................... Wage rates ............................................ Family living-CPI 3 ................................. Production, interest, taxes, ....................... and wage rates (PITW) .........................

3000 2236 1138 2035 3800 848 893

2226 1358

3244 7586 2742 2470 (NA) (NA)

4205 7000 9612 2441

3110

3027 2254 1192 2018 3711 905 897

2046 1380

3286 7575 2861 2491 (NA) (NA)

4307 7095 9644 2472

3137

3050 2277 1224 2037 3711 914 895

2240 1382

3308 7603 2885 2494 (NA) (NA)

4307 7095 9644 2474

3164

110.9 107.4 103.3 103.1 115.6 70.4 99.4 79.6

115.1

105.5 124.1 117.9 (NA)

116.2 116.5

115.3 117.9 134.2 114.3

110.3

111.9 108.3 108.2 102.2 112.9 75.2 99.9 73.2

117.0

106.9 124.0 123.0 (NA)

117.0 117.8

118.1 119.5 134.7 115.7

111.2

112.7 109.4 111.1 103.2 112.9 75.9 99.6 80.1

117.1

107.6 124.4 124.0 (NA)

117.2 117.8

118.1 119.5 134.7 115.8

112.2

Ratio (received/paid) ................................. Parity ratio 4 ............................................... Parity ratio adjusted 5 ................................ PPITW adjusted for productivity 6 ..........................................

(NA) 31 33

1692

(NA) 32 33

1715

(NA) 31 32

1719

82 (NA) (NA)

(NA)

83 (NA) (NA)

(NA)

81 (NA) (NA)

(NA)

Crop sector (PPITW) ................................. Livestock sector (PPITW) .........................

(NA) (NA)

(NA) (NA)

(NA) (NA)

111.9 109.7

112.4 111.3

112.9 112.5

Farm sector (production) ........................... Non-farm sector (production) ....................

(NA) (NA)

(NA) (NA)

(NA) (NA)

105.7 108.4

107.1 109.0

108.8 109.8

(NA) Not available. 1 Interest per acre on farm real estate debt and interest rate on farm non-real estate debt. 2 Farm real estate taxes payable per acre. 3 Bureau of Labor Statistics, Consumer Price Index for all urban consumers (CPI-U), converted by the USDA. 4 Ratio of index of prices received to PPITW (1910-1914=100). 5 Based on estimated cash receipts, from marketings and government payments, the preliminary adjustment factor is updated annually. 6 PPITW is adjusted based on productivity trend for the prior 15 years.


Prices Paid Indexes and Annual Weights for Input Components and Sub-components – United States: December 2020 with Comparisons [Revised historical price indexes for months not shown are available at www.nass.usda.gov. Relative weights are a five year moving average]

Index Group

Relative weights Indexes (2011=100)

2019 2020 December

2019 November

2020 December

2020

(percent) (percent) (percent) (percent) (percent)

Production items ....................................................... Feed ...................................................................... Feed grains ....................................................... Complete feeds ................................................ Hay and forages ............................................... Concentrates .................................................... Supplements ..................................................... Livestock and poultry ............................................ Feeder cattle ..................................................... Feeder pigs ....................................................... Milk cow replacements ..................................... Poultry ............................................................... Seeds .................................................................... Field crops ........................................................ Grasses and legumes ...................................... Fertilizer ................................................................ Mixed fertilizer .................................................. Nitrogen ............................................................ Potash and phosphate ..................................... Chemicals ............................................................. Herbicides ......................................................... Insecticides ....................................................... Fungicides and other ........................................ Fuels ...................................................................... Diesel ................................................................ Gasoline ............................................................ LP gas ............................................................... Supplies and repairs ............................................. Supplies ............................................................ Repairs .............................................................. Autos and trucks ................................................... Autos ................................................................. Trucks ............................................................... Machinery .............................................................. Tractors ............................................................. Self-propelled ................................................... Other machinery ............................................... Building materials ................................................. Services ................................................................ Custom rates .................................................... Other services .................................................. Rent ....................................................................... Cash .................................................................. Share ................................................................. Interest ...................................................................... Taxes ......................................................................... Wage rates ................................................................ Family living-CPI .......................................................

73.2

12.8 1.8 6.3 1.6 2.0 1.1 8.8 6.8 0.7 0.7 0.5

5.4 4.9 0.5 5.0 2.2 2.1 0.7 3.6 2.2 0.8 0.5

2.8 1.8 0.6 0.5 4.6 1.5 3.1 1.3 0.2 1.1

5.3 1.2 2.1 2.0 4.1

11.7 1.2

10.5 7.8 4.2 3.6

2.6 3.2 7.2

13.9

72.9

13.3 1.9 6.5 1.7 2.1 1.1 9.2 7.2 0.7 0.7 0.6

5.1 4.6 0.5 5.1 2.2 2.1 0.7 3.5 2.2 0.8 0.5

3.2 2.0 0.7 0.5 4.6 1.5 3.0 1.2 0.2 1.1

4.7 1.0 1.9 1.8 4.0

11.9 1.2

10.7 7.1 3.8 3.3

2.6 3.1 7.4

14.0

107.4

103.3 62.0

109.0 104.1 115.1 117.3 103.1 104.1 97.1 92.3

113.1

115.6 114.0 131.8 70.4 71.4 72.5 61.4 99.4

100.8 95.1

100.1

79.6 73.5 77.0

105.0 115.1 116.1 114.7 105.5 100.1 106.4

124.1 111.4 128.2 127.2 117.9 116.2 118.4 116.0 116.5 123.3 108.6

115.3 117.9 134.2 114.3

108.3

108.2 66.9

114.7 102.3 125.1 117.6 102.2 103.9 85.7 94.4

113.1

112.9 111.6 125.4 75.2 75.2 74.3 77.8 99.9

101.6 94.1

101.7

73.2 59.4 65.4

133.7 117.0 118.4 116.3 106.9 101.5 107.7

124.0 112.0 127.5 127.1 123.0 117.0 119.6 116.7 117.8 124.7 109.7

118.1 119.5 134.7 115.7

109.4

111.1 69.5

118.7 102.4 127.0 121.0 103.2 103.4 102.1 94.4

113.1

112.9 111.6 125.4 75.9 76.2 74.3 79.7 99.6

101.3 93.8

101.5

80.1 63.2 67.9

158.0 117.1 118.8 116.3 107.6 102.2 108.4

124.4 112.4 127.5 128.1 124.0 117.2 119.6 116.9 117.8 124.7 109.7

118.1 119.5 134.7 115.8


Feed Price Ratios – United States: December 2020 with Comparisons

Feed price ratio 1 December 2019 November 2020 December 2020

Broiler-feed: pounds of broiler grower feed equal in value to 1 pound of broiler, live weight 2 .............................................................. Market egg feed: pounds of laying feed equal in value to 1 dozen eggs 3 ............................................................................................ Hog-corn: bushels of corn equal in value to 100 pounds of hog, live weight ................................................................................. Milk-feed: pounds of 16% mixed dairy feed equal in value to 1 pound of whole milk 4 ........................................................................... Steer & heifer-corn: bushels of corn equal in value to 100 pounds of steer & heifers, live weight .............................................................................................................. Turkey-feed: pounds of turkey grower equal in value to 1 pound of turkey, live weight 5 ..................................................................

4.5

8.3

12.7

2.57

32.3

6.9

3.5

7.7

13.7

2.58

28.8

7.3

3.8

4.7

12.4

2.18

28.0

6.9 1 Effective January 1995, prices of commercial prepared feeds are based on current United States prices received for corn, soybeans, alfalfa hay, and

all wheat. 2 The price of commercial prepared broiler feed is based on current United States prices received for corn and soybeans. The modeled feed uses 58

percent corn and 42 percent soybeans. 3 The price of commercial prepared layer feed is based on current United States prices received for corn and soybeans. The mode led feed uses 75

percent corn and 25 percent soybeans. 4 The price of commercial prepared dairy feed is based on current United States prices received for corn, soybeans, and alfalfa. The modeled feed

uses 51 percent corn, 8 percent soybeans, and 41 percent alfalfa. 5 The price of commercial prepared turkey feed is based on current United States prices received for corn, soybeans, and wheat. The modeled feed

uses 51 percent corn, 28 percent soybeans, and 21 percent wheat.

Prices Received Used to Calculate Feed Price Ratios – United States: December 2020 with Comparisons [Price data source for livestock and poultry commodities is United States Department of Agriculture's Agriculture Marketing Service]


(dollars) (dollars) (dollars)

Broilers, live .............................................................................. pound Eggs, market ............................................................................. dozen Hogs, all ......................................................................................... cwt Milk, all ........................................................................................... cwt Steers and heifers ......................................................................... cwt Turkeys, live .............................................................................. pound Corn ...........................................................................................bushel Hay, alfalfa ..................................................................................... ton Soybeans ..................................................................................bushel Wheat, all ..................................................................................bushel

0.449 0.715

47.30 20.70

120.00

0.624

3.71 172.00

8.70 4.64

0.391 0.724

51.90 21.30

109.00

0.734

3.79 167.00

10.30 5.24

0.438 0.452

49.10 18.50

111.00

0.721

3.97 169.00

10.50 5.43

Prices Paid for Feeder Livestock – United States: December 2020 with Comparisons [Price data source is United States Department of Agriculture's Agriculture Marketing Service]


(dollars) (dollars) (dollars)

Feeder cattle & calves ................................................................... cwt Feeder pigs .................................................................................... cwt

143.00 136.00

142.00 120.00

142.00 143.00


Annual Average Prices Paid for Feeder Livestock – United States: 2015-2020

Item 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

(dollars) (dollars) (dollars) (dollars) (dollars) (dollars)

Feeders and stockers Cattle and calves ........................................................cwt Feeder pigs .................................................................cwt

214.00 135.00

144.00 126.00

146.00 141.00

148.00 132.00

141.00 150.00

138.00

92.10

Grazing Fee Rates for Cattle – States, Regions, and United States: 2019 and 2020

State

Survey average rates 1

Animal unit 2 Cow-calf Per head

2019 2020 2019 2020 2019 2020

(dollars per month) (dollars per month) (dollars per month) (dollars per month) (dollars per month) (dollars per month)

Arizona ................................... California ................................ Colorado ................................. Idaho ....................................... Kansas ................................... Montana ................................. Nebraska ................................ Nevada ................................... New Mexico ............................ North Dakota .......................... Oklahoma ............................... Oregon ................................... South Dakota ......................... Texas ...................................... Utah ........................................ Washington ............................ Wyoming ................................ 17-State 3 ............................... 16-State 4 ............................... 11-State 5 ............................... 9-State 6 ..................................

9.50 21.40 18.50 18.00 18.50 24.50 40.70 10.00 16.00 18.00

11.50 18.50 29.50 12.50 18.00 14.50 22.50

19.90 22.20 19.60 19.90

10.00 23.50 19.50 18.50 20.50 23.50 47.00

(S) 16.50 21.00

12.50 18.00 27.50 11.50 18.00 14.50 22.50

20.60 23.50 19.80 20.80

(S) 25.00 22.50 21.00 22.00 26.00 46.30

(S) (S)

21.00

11.50 21.50 36.50 16.00 20.00 17.50 24.50

23.30 25.60 22.40 23.50

(S) 27.50 23.00 22.50 25.00 26.00 55.00

(S) 18.50

(S)

13.00 21.50 34.00 15.00

(S) (S)

25.00

24.40 27.40 23.10 24.70

(S) 18.50 19.50 19.00 24.00 24.00 44.00 12.00 16.50 20.00

13.20 19.50 35.00 15.50 18.50 17.00 23.00

22.30 24.50 19.90 23.00

(S) 19.50 20.00 19.50 25.00 24.00 44.00

(S) 16.50

(S)

13.50 20.50 33.00 16.00 19.50 17.00 24.00

22.70 24.80 20.50 23.30

(S) Insufficient number of reports to establish an estimate. 1 The average rates are estimates based on survey indications of monthly lease rates for private, non-irrigated grazing land from the January Cattle

Survey. 2 Animal unit (AUM) rate includes survey rates for both animal unit and cow-calf. The rate is converted to an AUM rate using a multiplier factor of

0.833. The multiplier factor is the conversion of a 1,200 pound cow to a 1,000 pound cow. 3 17 Western States: Arizona, California, Colorado, Idaho, Kansas, Montana, Nebraska, Nevada, New Mexico, North Dakota, Oklahoma, Oregon,

South Dakota, Texas, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming. 4 16 Western States: Arizona, California, Colorado, Idaho, Kansas, Montana, Nebraska, Nevada, New Mexico, North Dakota, Oklahoma, Oregon,

South Dakota, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming. 5 11 Western States: Arizona, California, Colorado, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming. 6 9 Great Plains States: Colorado, Kansas, Nebraska, New Mexico, North Dakota, Oklahoma, South Dakota, Texas, and Wyoming.


Prices Paid Indexes as a Percent of 2011 Base, Monthly and Annual Average – United States: 2016-2020 [Revised historical price indexes for months not shown are available at www.nass.usda.gov]

Year

Commodities, services, interest, taxes, and wage rates (PPITW)


2016 ... 2017 ... 2018 ... 2019 ... 2020 ...

107.3 105.9 108.1 110.5 111.4

106.9 106.4 108.9 110.6 111.1

107.1 106.6 108.9 110.7 110.1

106.7 106.7 108.5 111.3 108.9

106.8 106.8 109.0 110.9 109.0

107.2 106.6 108.8 110.4 109.2

106.1 106.4 109.0 110.6 109.7

105.5 105.7 109.1 109.9 109.9

104.1 106.1 109.1 109.6 110.3

103.5 106.7 109.7 110.4 111.1

103.8 107.0 109.8 110.6 111.9

104.6 107.3 110.0 110.9 112.7

105.8 106.5 109.1 110.5 110.4

Year

Items used for production, interest, taxes, and wage rates (PITW)


2016 ... 2017 ... 2018 ... 2019 ... 2020 ...

107.6 105.6 107.8 110.3 110.8

107.2 106.1 108.6 110.3 110.4

107.3 106.3 108.5 110.4 109.4

106.7 106.4 108.1 110.9 108.0

106.8 106.5 108.6 110.4 108.2

107.2 106.3 108.3 109.9 108.3

106.0 106.0 108.5 110.1 108.8

105.2 105.2 108.6 109.2 109.0

103.6 105.5 108.6 108.8 109.4

102.8 106.3 109.3 109.7 110.3

103.3 106.6 109.4 110.0 111.2

104.1 107.0 109.7 110.3 112.2

105.7 106.2 108.7 110.0 109.7

Year Items used for production


2016 ... 2017 ... 2018 ... 2019 ... 2020 ...

107.1 103.9 105.4 107.4 107.6

106.5 104.4 106.3 107.5 107.1

106.6 104.6 106.3 107.6 105.9

106.1 104.9 106.1 108.4 104.5

106.2 105.0 106.6 107.8 104.6

106.6 104.7 106.3 107.2 104.9

105.0 104.5 106.0 107.3 105.3

104.1 103.5 106.2 106.2 105.7

102.3 103.9 106.2 105.8 106.1

101.2 104.6 106.8 106.7 107.2

101.7 105.0 107.0 107.1 108.3

102.7 105.4 107.3 107.4 109.4

104.7 104.5 106.4 107.2 106.4

Year Feed


2016 ... 2017 ... 2018 ... 2019 ... 2020 ...

100.9 96.3 94.2

101.8 103.8

100.4 97.3 97.9

102.1 103.5

100.5 97.2 99.2

102.7 103.0

100.4 96.6

101.2 103.1 103.0

104.8 95.9

103.5 103.3 102.0

109.3 94.5

102.1 104.4 101.2

106.5 95.0

100.9 103.9 101.4

102.6 93.5

101.3 103.1 100.7

99.3 92.7 98.9

102.4 101.8

97.5 93.2 99.0

102.8 104.9

96.8 92.3 99.1

102.7 108.2

98.0 93.4

100.9 103.3 111.1

101.4 94.8 99.9

103.0 103.7

Year Livestock & poultry


2016 ... 2017 ... 2018 ... 2019 ... 2020 ...

119.8 102.0 112.9 106.5 107.3

119.4 101.2 113.9 105.4 104.8

120.8 103.3 110.3 106.3 98.6

115.5 105.4 104.6 112.0 88.9

109.4 108.1 103.1 105.4 90.4

104.7 108.3 101.5 97.7 90.6

99.7 107.7 100.6 98.5 93.1

101.1 102.9 100.6 95.7 95.9

93.4 106.0 103.8 95.6 97.7

87.7 111.7 107.4 100.0 99.5

93.0 113.8 105.1 102.2 102.2

97.5 113.9 105.9 103.1 103.2

105.2 107.0 105.8 102.4 97.7

Year Seeds


2016 ... 2017 ... 2018 ... 2019 ... 2020 ...

124.6 120.8 119.7 118.2 115.6

124.6 120.8 119.7 118.2 115.6

120.8 119.7 118.2 115.6 112.9

120.8 119.7 118.2 115.6 112.9

120.8 119.7 118.2 115.6 112.9

120.8 119.7 118.2 115.6 112.9

120.8 119.7 118.2 115.6 112.9

120.8 119.7 118.2 115.6 112.9

120.8 119.7 118.2 115.6 112.9

120.8 119.7 118.2 115.6 112.9

120.8 119.7 118.2 115.6 112.9

120.8 119.7 118.2 115.6 112.9

121.4 119.9 118.5 116.0 113.4

Year Fertilizer


2016 ... 2017 ... 2018 ... 2019 ... 2020 ...

80.0 66.2 64.4 69.8 68.8

76.2 68.3 66.1 70.6 70.2

75.5 69.5 66.2 70.1 71.8

76.4 70.5 66.1 69.6 72.9

75.8 69.6 66.4 71.0 73.7

74.8 68.3 66.0 70.9 72.6

70.4 66.1 65.6 69.9 71.8

67.6 63.6 65.6 69.4 71.5

66.4 62.3 66.5 69.9 72.0

66.0 62.5 68.1 70.3 73.9

66.6 63.4 69.3 69.8 75.2

65.7 64.3 69.5 70.4 75.9

71.8 66.2 66.7 70.1 72.5

Year Chemicals


2016 ... 2017 ... 2018 ... 2019 ... 2020 ...

108.5 102.6 103.3 103.4 98.3

108.6 108.7 103.2 102.9 98.5

108.8 108.8 106.9 102.3 97.9

108.8 107.6 103.7 102.1 98.0

108.9 103.3 101.9 102.5 99.3

109.0 104.5 101.3 104.4 99.9

110.1 101.7 97.9

106.1 99.9

108.2 100.8 98.6 98.8 99.9

106.2 101.5 94.4 91.9 99.9

106.3 100.8 93.1 97.7 99.9

104.9 102.7 102.2 99.0 99.9

104.1 105.2 101.9 99.4 99.6

107.7 104.0 100.7 100.9 99.3



Prices Paid Indexes as a Percent of 2011 Base, Monthly and Annual Average – United States: 2016-2020 (continued) [Revised historical price indexes for months not shown are available at www.nass.usda.gov]

Year Fuels


2016 .... 2017 .... 2018 .... 2019 .... 2020 ....

49.6 64.7 66.8 67.0 78.2

47.5 64.3 65.4 68.4 75.3

51.7 60.9 63.4 71.4 68.0

53.3 61.9 67.0 73.1 63.5

57.6 60.7 71.5 75.7 65.8

59.2 58.2 72.1 72.2 70.6

57.4 58.3 73.4 73.9 71.4

55.4 61.4 74.7 71.5 71.9

57.1 66.9 77.5 73.9 71.3

59.5 66.4 78.3 76.5 72.0

58.0 68.2 73.5 80.0 73.2

61.2 66.7 69.1 79.6 80.1

55.6 63.2 71.1 73.6 71.8

Year Supplies & repairs


2016 .... 2017 .... 2018 .... 2019 .... 2020 ....

105.7 106.7 109.1 114.2 115.5

105.5 106.7 109.1 114.2 115.8

105.5 106.7 109.3 114.3 115.7

105.6 107.5 110.4 114.4 116.5

105.4 107.7 110.9 114.5 116.5

105.4 107.9 111.2 114.5 116.4

105.9 108.3 112.0 115.1 116.8

106.5 108.3 112.9 115.0 116.7

106.4 108.4 113.3 115.0 116.8

106.7 108.6 113.7 115.1 117.1

106.8 108.6 113.6 115.1 117.0

106.8 108.8 113.7 115.1 117.1

106.0 107.9 111.6 114.7 116.5

Year Autos & trucks


2016 .... 2017 .... 2018 .... 2019 .... 2020 ....

105.9 107.1 106.1 105.9 106.2

106.5 107.1 105.9 106.2 106.6

106.6 106.8 105.9 106.6 106.1

106.4 106.9 105.5 106.6 106.1

106.3 106.7 105.6 106.5 106.2

106.0 106.2 105.7 106.2 106.1

105.9 105.6 105.6 105.9 106.5

105.6 105.3 105.4 105.5 106.2

105.5 104.9 105.0 105.1 106.2

105.8 104.8 104.9 105.0 106.8

105.8 105.0 105.0 105.1 106.9

106.1 105.8 105.2 105.5 107.6

106.0 106.0 105.5 105.8 106.5

Year Machinery


2016 .... 2017 .... 2018 .... 2019 .... 2020 ....

114.4 117.4 118.2 124.5 124.5

114.6 117.6 117.8 125.0 123.6

114.4 117.8 117.9 125.0 123.3

114.6 117.7 118.1 125.1 123.3

114.7 117.6 118.6 123.9 123.3

115.0 117.6 118.8 124.6 123.8

115.3 117.6 119.8 124.1 123.8

115.6 117.5 120.0 123.7 124.2

115.8 117.7 120.7 123.3 123.6

116.5 117.7 122.0 122.9 124.8

116.8 117.9 123.4 122.4 124.0

117.0 117.9 124.1 124.1 124.4

115.4 117.7 120.0 124.1 123.9

Year Building materials


2016 .... 2017 .... 2018 .... 2019 .... 2020 ....

106.9 108.8 112.6 117.8 118.5

106.9 109.3 113.3 118.2 118.8

107.0 109.6 114.8 118.0 119.5

107.3 110.2 115.3 118.4 118.8

107.5 110.2 116.6 118.3 118.8

107.7 110.3 117.0 118.0 119.3

107.9 110.3 117.2 118.6 120.0

108.2 110.7 117.1 118.1 121.6

108.1 110.9 117.3 118.0 123.4

107.9 111.4 117.3 117.9 123.5

107.9 111.6 117.1 117.9 123.0

108.1 111.7 117.3 117.9 124.0

107.6 110.4 116.1 118.1 120.8

Year Services 2


2016 .... 2017 .... 2018 .... 2019 .... 2020 ....

115.2 111.6 113.5 116.5 116.5

115.2 111.7 113.6 116.6 116.3

115.2 111.5 113.8 116.3 116.3

115.4 111.7 113.8 116.4 116.0

115.2 112.1 114.3 116.6 115.6

116.1 112.9 114.9 117.4 116.4

116.2 113.2 115.1 117.4 116.7

116.2 113.2 115.2 117.2 116.7

116.1 113.3 115.3 116.9 116.4

115.5 112.5 115.1 116.6 116.4

115.2 112.4 114.8 116.4 117.0

115.6 112.6 114.9 116.2 117.2

115.6 112.4 114.5 116.7 116.5

Year Rent 2


2016 .... 2017 .... 2018 .... 2019 .... 2020 ....

123.8 123.8 119.5 116.5 117.8

123.8 123.8 119.5 116.5 117.8

123.8 123.8 119.5 116.5 117.8

123.8 123.8 119.5 116.5 117.8

123.8 123.8 119.5 116.5 117.8

123.8 123.8 119.5 116.5 117.8

123.8 123.8 119.5 116.5 117.8

123.8 123.8 119.5 116.5 117.8

123.8 123.8 119.5 116.5 117.8

123.8 123.8 119.5 116.5 117.8

123.8 123.8 119.5 116.5 117.8

123.8 123.8 119.5 116.5 117.8

123.8 123.8 119.5 116.5 117.8

Year Ratio (paid/received)


2016 .... 2017 .... 2018 .... 2019 .... 2020 ....

83 81 80 78 80

87 86 83 81 82

87 88 87 84 85

87 90 85 85 75

89 93 87 84 78

88 92 87 85 81

86 90 84 82 79

86 89 83 83 79

83 87 81 80 81

79 82 77 78 80

80 85 80 81 83

84 86 82 82 81

85 87 83 82 80



Prices Paid Indexes as a Percent of 2011 Base, Monthly and Annual Average – United States: 2016-2020 (continued) [Revised historical price indexes for months not shown are available at www.nass.usda.gov]

Year Interest


2016 ... 2017 ... 2018 ... 2019 ... 2020 ...

103.9 108.8 114.9 115.3 118.1

103.9 108.8 114.9 115.3 118.1

103.9 108.8 114.9 115.3 118.1

103.9 108.8 114.9 115.3 118.1

103.9 108.8 114.9 115.3 118.1

103.9 108.8 114.9 115.3 118.1

103.9 108.8 114.9 115.3 118.1

103.9 108.8 114.9 115.3 118.1

103.9 108.8 114.9 115.3 118.1

103.9 108.8 114.9 115.3 118.1

103.9 108.8 114.9 115.3 118.1

103.9 108.8 114.9 115.3 118.1

103.9 108.8 114.9 115.3 118.1

Year Taxes


2016 ... 2017 ... 2018 ... 2019 ... 2020 ...

110.7 115.5 117.1 117.9 119.5

110.7 115.5 117.1 117.9 119.5

110.7 115.5 117.1 117.9 119.5

110.7 115.5 117.1 117.9 119.5

110.7 115.5 117.1 117.9 119.5

110.7 115.5 117.1 117.9 119.5

110.7 115.5 117.1 117.9 119.5

110.7 115.5 117.1 117.9 119.5

110.7 115.5 117.1 117.9 119.5

110.7 115.5 117.1 117.9 119.5

110.7 115.5 117.1 117.9 119.5

110.7 115.5 117.1 117.9 119.5

110.7 115.5 117.1 117.9 119.5

Year Wage rates


2016 ... 2017 ... 2018 ... 2019 ... 2020 ...

114.7 120.0 125.8 133.7 136.6

114.7 120.0 125.8 133.7 136.6

114.7 120.0 125.8 133.7 136.6

113.9 118.2 122.6 131.5 134.7

113.9 118.2 122.6 131.5 134.7

113.9 118.2 122.6 131.5 134.7

116.4 118.2 127.6 133.2 134.7

116.4 118.2 127.6 133.2 134.7

116.4 118.2 127.6 133.2 134.7

118.4 119.9 129.3 134.2 134.7

118.4 119.9 129.3 134.2 134.7

118.4 119.9 129.3 134.2 134.7

115.9 119.1 126.3 133.2 135.2

Year Family living


2016 ... 2017 ... 2018 ... 2019 ... 2020 ...

105.3 108.0 110.2 111.9 114.7

105.4 108.3 110.7 112.4 115.0

105.9 108.4 111.0 113.0 114.8

106.4 108.7 111.4 113.6 114.0

106.8 108.8 111.9 113.9 114.0

107.2 108.9 112.0 113.9 114.6

107.0 108.8 112.1 114.1 115.2

107.1 109.2 112.1 114.1 115.6

107.3 109.7 112.2 114.2 115.7

107.5 109.7 112.4 114.4 115.8

107.3 109.7 112.1 114.4 115.7

107.4 109.6 111.7 114.3 115.8

106.7 109.0 111.7 113.7 115.1

Year Production items with farm origin 3


2016 ... 2017 ... 2018 ... 2019 ... 2020 ...

111.5 102.6 104.9 106.6 107.1

111.1 102.8 107.1 106.4 106.2

111.0 103.4 106.3 106.5 103.4

109.1 103.8 105.6 108.5 100.2

109.0 104.5 106.3 106.5 100.2

109.6 103.9 105.1 104.5 99.8

106.5 103.9 104.2 104.5 100.8

105.1 101.5 104.4 103.2 101.4

100.8 102.2 104.2 102.8 102.5

97.9 104.5 105.3 104.5 104.6

99.4 104.8 104.7 105.1 107.1

101.6 105.4 105.8 105.7 108.8

106.1 103.6 105.3 105.4 103.5

Year Production items with non-farm origin 4


2016 ... 2017 ... 2018 ... 2019 ... 2020 ...

104.2 104.6 105.7 107.9 107.8

103.5 105.4 105.9 108.2 107.8

103.7 105.4 106.3 108.2 107.4

104.1 105.7 106.3 108.3 107.1

104.3 105.3 106.8 108.6 107.4

104.6 105.3 107.0 108.8 107.9

104.1 104.9 107.0 108.9 108.1

103.5 104.7 107.3 108.0 108.2

103.3 104.9 107.3 107.5 108.3

103.4 104.7 107.6 108.1 108.7

103.2 105.1 108.3 108.2 109.0

103.5 105.4 108.2 108.4 109.8

103.8 105.1 107.0 108.3 108.1

Year Crop sector (PPITW)


2016 ... 2017 ... 2018 ... 2019 ... 2020 ...

107.4 107.7 109.4 111.6 112.0

107.0 108.3 109.6 111.8 112.0

106.8 108.3 109.8 111.6 111.5

106.9 108.4 109.5 111.6 111.0

107.0 108.1 109.8 111.7 111.2

107.2 108.1 109.8 111.8 111.6

106.8 107.8 110.2 112.1 111.7

106.3 107.5 110.4 111.4 111.8

105.9 107.7 110.4 111.0 111.9

106.0 107.9 110.8 111.6 112.2

106.0 108.2 111.2 111.7 112.4

106.2 108.4 111.2 111.9 112.9

106.6 108.0 110.2 111.7 111.9

Year Livestock Sector (PPITW)


2016 ... 2017 ... 2018 ... 2019 ... 2020 ...

107.3 104.1 106.7 109.3 110.7

107.0 104.4 108.0 109.4 110.1

107.4 104.7 107.9 109.8 108.7

106.5 105.0 107.5 110.9 106.7

106.7 105.4 108.2 109.9 106.7

107.2 105.0 107.7 108.9 106.8

105.4 105.0 107.5 109.1 107.5

104.5 103.8 107.7 108.2 108.0

102.2 104.3 107.7 108.0 108.6

100.7 105.6 108.5 109.0 109.9

101.5 105.9 108.1 109.4 111.3

102.8 106.2 108.6 109.7 112.5

104.9 105.0 107.8 109.3 109.0

1 Weighted index using 5-year average production expenditures 2 For the 2011=100 base period, the Services & Rent Index is separated. 3 Feed, livestock & poultry purchases, and seed. 4 Fertilizer, agricultural chemicals, fuels, supplies & repairs, autos & trucks, machinery, building materials, and services & rent.


Prices Paid Index Sub-Components as a Percent of 2011 Base, Monthly and Annual Average – United States: 2016-2020 [Revised historical price indexes for months not shown are available at www.nass.usda.gov]

Year Feed grains


2016 .... 2017 .... 2018 .... 2019 .... 2020 ....

61.2 56.6 56.5 59.9 63.2

60.2 57.5 57.8 60.7 63.1

60.1 58.0 59.5 60.9 61.9

59.5 57.1 60.7 59.4 56.5

61.7 58.0 62.2 61.2 55.6

64.3 58.0 62.0 67.1 55.6

60.7 59.8 59.9 70.0 57.2

54.5 56.2 57.9 65.2 54.6

53.7 55.8 58.1 63.5 59.6

54.8 55.3 57.8 64.1 63.5

54.1 53.9 57.7 61.7 66.9

55.5 55.1 59.6 62.0 69.5

58.4 56.8 59.1 63.0 60.6

Year Complete feeds


2016 .... 2017 .... 2018 .... 2019 .... 2020 ....

110.7 104.3 103.7 106.2 109.8

110.5 104.5 105.0 106.0 109.5

110.4 104.5 105.6 106.3 109.1

109.4 103.9 106.1 106.6 110.4

110.8 103.1 107.9 106.1 108.7

114.8 102.4 107.9 107.3 107.4

114.6 102.2 106.0 108.1 107.4

112.7 101.5 106.1 108.3 107.1

109.5 100.9 104.4 108.1 108.2

107.3 101.0 103.7 108.0 111.2

105.7 100.8 104.0 108.4 114.7

104.9 102.1 104.9 109.0 118.7

110.1 102.6 105.4 107.4 110.2

Year Hay & forages


2016 .... 2017 .... 2018 .... 2019 .... 2020 ....

89.3 82.1 93.2

111.0 103.4

89.5 83.5 93.9

112.4 104.0

89.3 87.8 97.8

114.8 103.5

94.2 94.7

104.1 120.3 104.0

89.2 94.6

106.9 119.7 105.0

86.1 93.3

103.8 114.0 104.0

84.1 92.3

104.0 107.3 105.1

85.4 89.6

104.9 104.3 104.4

84.1 89.0

106.2 102.1 100.2

85.3 91.9

105.8 104.3 102.5

84.2 90.6

106.0 104.3 102.3

82.2 90.9

109.8 104.1 102.4

86.9 90.0

103.0 109.9 103.4

Year Concentrates


2016 .... 2017 .... 2018 .... 2019 .... 2020 ....

106.3 108.1 89.8

111.6 116.0

104.6 113.5 107.4 113.1 116.0

106.8 109.5 109.0 113.8 115.6

106.5 103.1 113.9 113.3 116.5

131.7 102.5 118.9 113.7 117.0

147.2 96.6

115.0 115.6 116.4

136.0 99.2

115.0 112.5 115.9

122.7 98.4

117.4 114.4 115.4

114.8 96.3

106.3 113.3 116.3

108.7 96.2

109.9 113.9 120.6

109.7 93.1

108.7 113.8 125.1

119.8 93.7

110.9 115.1 127.0

117.9 100.9 110.2 113.7 118.2

Year Supplements


2016 .... 2017 .... 2018 .... 2019 .... 2020 ....

118.9 115.9 112.4 114.6 115.4

118.8 112.3 113.1 114.3 112.4

116.1 112.7 112.7 114.3 113.3

115.4 111.6 113.2 112.8 112.3

115.2 108.2 113.7 115.1 109.4

117.4 108.1 110.0 116.3 109.4

114.6 108.8 109.5 115.3 109.1

113.9 107.3 112.3 114.0 108.8

111.1 106.3 111.3 115.8 112.0

110.4 108.3 110.9 115.6 113.4

111.8 108.9 112.5 116.2 117.6

113.0 111.6 115.8 117.3 121.0

114.7 110.0 112.3 115.1 112.8

Year Feeder Cattle


2016 .... 2017 .... 2018 .... 2019 .... 2020 ....

120.0 98.2

110.8 106.8 107.8

118.0 96.2

111.6 105.8 105.6

119.3 98.4

108.0 105.8 99.0

112.9 103.7 104.2 108.9 92.2

107.2 108.4 103.9 102.8 94.9

103.7 109.2 104.8 97.4 96.0

100.5 108.4 106.6 99.7 98.7

103.6 104.4 107.7 98.5

101.5

93.8 108.7 110.4 97.8

100.8

88.2 114.7 113.4 102.2 101.0

92.9 115.5 109.7 104.5 103.9

95.9 112.6 106.6 104.1 103.4

104.7 106.5 108.1 102.9 100.4

Year Feeder pigs


2016 .... 2017 .... 2018 .... 2019 .... 2020 ....

119.3 119.3 145.7 125.0 114.3

134.3 128.6 150.0 121.4 103.6

139.3 133.6 140.7 132.1 90.7

134.3 106.4 117.9 173.6 40.0

114.3 95.0

102.1 150.7 32.1

90.0 90.0 72.9

106.4 23.6

65.0 90.7 47.9 87.9 24.3

52.1 70.7 35.7 65.0 32.1

51.4 66.4 50.0 69.3 61.4

38.6 80.7 71.4 75.7 79.3

57.9 100.0 79.3 80.7 85.7

85.7 129.3 120.0 97.1

102.1

90.2 100.9 94.5

107.1 65.8

Year Milk cow replacements


2016 .... 2017 .... 2018 .... 2019 .... 2020 ....

128.9 114.1 107.0 80.3 91.5

128.9 114.1 107.0 80.3 91.5

128.9 114.1 107.0 80.3 91.5

128.9 115.5 95.8 80.3 88.0

128.9 115.5 95.8 80.3 88.0

128.9 115.5 95.8 80.3 88.0

121.8 114.1 93.0 86.6 92.3

121.8 114.1 93.0 86.6 92.3

121.8 114.1 93.0 86.6 92.3

119.0 113.4 86.6 92.3 94.4

119.0 113.4 86.6 92.3 94.4

119.0 113.4 86.6 92.3 94.4

124.7 114.3 95.6 84.9 91.6



Prices Paid Index Sub-Components as a Percent of 2011 Base, Monthly and Annual Average – United States: 2016-2020 (continued) [Revised historical price indexes for months not shown are available at www.nass.usda.gov]

Year Poultry


2016 ... 2017 ... 2018 ... 2019 ... 2020 ...

105.6 111.9 104.3 113.1 113.1

105.6 111.9 104.3 113.1 113.1

105.6 111.9 104.3 113.1 113.1

105.6 111.9 104.3 113.1 113.1

105.6 111.9 104.3 113.1 113.1

105.6 111.9 104.3 113.1 113.1

105.6 111.9 104.3 113.1 113.1

105.6 111.9 104.3 113.1 113.1

105.6 111.9 104.3 113.1 113.1

105.6 111.9 104.3 113.1 113.1

105.6 111.9 104.3 113.1 113.1

105.6 111.9 104.3 113.1 113.1

105.6 111.9 104.3 113.1 113.1

Year Field crop seeds


2016 ... 2017 ... 2018 ... 2019 ... 2020 ...

125.1 120.4 119.2 116.9 114.0

125.1 120.4 119.2 116.9 114.0

120.4 119.2 116.9 114.0 111.6

120.4 119.2 116.9 114.0 111.6

120.4 119.2 116.9 114.0 111.6

120.4 119.2 116.9 114.0 111.6

120.4 119.2 116.9 114.0 111.6

120.4 119.2 116.9 114.0 111.6

120.4 119.2 116.9 114.0 111.6

120.4 119.2 116.9 114.0 111.6

120.4 119.2 116.9 114.0 111.6

120.4 119.2 116.9 114.0 111.6

121.2 119.4 117.3 114.5 112.0

Year Grass & legume seeds


2016 ... 2017 ... 2018 ... 2019 ... 2020 ...

119.9 124.0 125.1 131.0 131.8

119.9 124.0 125.1 131.0 131.8

124.0 125.1 131.0 131.8 125.4

124.0 125.1 131.0 131.8 125.4

124.0 125.1 131.0 131.8 125.4

124.0 125.1 131.0 131.8 125.4

124.0 125.1 131.0 131.8 125.4

124.0 125.1 131.0 131.8 125.4

124.0 125.1 131.0 131.8 125.4

124.0 125.1 131.0 131.8 125.4

124.0 125.1 131.0 131.8 125.4

124.0 125.1 131.0 131.8 125.4

123.3 124.9 130.0 131.7 126.5

Year Mixed fertilizer


2016 ... 2017 ... 2018 ... 2019 ... 2020 ...

77.8 67.5 65.5 71.8 70.6

75.8 67.8 66.0 71.4 70.4

74.8 67.1 66.4 71.1 71.5

74.7 67.6 66.3 71.6 71.0

75.0 67.1 67.7 71.5 72.0

74.3 65.9 67.4 71.9 71.7

71.3 66.1 68.1 70.6 71.8

70.3 66.6 68.2 70.7 71.6

69.2 65.9 69.1 71.3 72.5

68.3 65.8 69.8 71.2 73.1

68.9 65.4 70.7 71.1 75.2

67.4 65.5 70.6 71.4 76.2

72.3 66.5 68.0 71.3 72.3

Year Nitrogen


2016 ... 2017 ... 2018 ... 2019 ... 2020 ...

83.5 64.4 64.8 69.2 69.2

78.1 69.1 67.9 71.6 72.5

77.0 72.0 67.6 70.8 73.5

78.7 73.5 67.5 70.2 76.8

77.2 72.1 66.8 72.5 76.6

75.8 71.1 65.8 72.1 74.3

70.4 67.1 63.9 71.9 73.1

65.1 61.3 64.0 70.2 72.2

63.3 59.3 64.6 70.6 71.6

63.0 60.1 67.1 72.3 74.5

63.7 62.8 68.8 72.4 74.3

63.8 65.1 69.3 72.5 74.3

71.6 66.5 66.5 71.4 73.6

Year Potash & phosphate


2016 ... 2017 ... 2018 ... 2019 ... 2020 ...

76.5 67.2 59.7 65.6 61.8

71.8 67.5 61.1 64.9 63.0

73.0 69.4 61.6 65.1 67.4

74.4 70.7 61.6 61.7 67.4

73.9 69.8 61.3 64.4 69.9

73.5 67.1 62.1 64.3 70.1

67.2 63.4 63.0 61.8 68.2

66.8 61.1 62.3 63.3 69.0

67.1 60.4 64.2 63.4 71.4

67.8 59.3 65.8 61.5 74.2

67.7 59.1 66.1 58.0 77.8

66.2 58.3 66.3 61.4 79.7

70.5 64.4 62.9 63.0 70.0

Year Herbicides


2016 ... 2017 ... 2018 ... 2019 ... 2020 ...

110.2 104.9 105.5 104.0 99.8

110.4 111.1 105.4 103.5 100.1

110.7 111.3 109.2 102.9 99.6

110.8 110.1 104.4 102.6 99.7

110.9 105.7 102.6 103.3 101.0

111.1 106.9 102.0 105.3 101.6

112.2 104.0 98.5

107.2 101.6

110.3 103.1 99.2 99.9

101.6

108.3 103.8 95.0 93.0

101.6

108.4 103.0 93.7 99.0

101.6

107.0 105.0 102.8 100.3 101.6

106.3 107.5 102.5 100.8 101.3

109.7 106.4 101.7 101.8 100.9

Year Insecticides


2016 ... 2017 ... 2018 ... 2019 ... 2020 ...

108.9 102.1 101.8 103.7 93.5

108.9 108.1 101.7 103.1 93.2

109.1 108.1 105.2 102.3 92.2

109.0 106.8 104.9 102.1 92.3

109.0 102.5 103.0 101.5 93.6

109.1 103.6 102.3 102.9 94.1

110.1 100.7 98.7

104.1 94.1

108.0 99.8 99.3 96.4 94.1

105.9 100.4 95.1 89.2 94.1

105.9 99.6 93.6 94.4 94.1

104.4 101.5 102.7 95.1 94.1

103.6 103.8 102.2 95.1 93.8

107.7 103.1 100.9 99.2 93.6




Year Fungicides & other


2016 .... 2017 .... 2018 .... 2019 .... 2020 ....

100.6 93.6 95.5

100.2 99.4

100.2 99.1 95.6

100.0 99.9

99.9 99.1 99.3 99.5 99.7

99.8 97.6 98.7 99.3 99.8

99.8 93.9 97.2

100.6 101.1

99.9 95.2 96.8

102.8 101.7

100.8 92.8 93.7

104.9 101.7

99.0 92.2 94.5 98.1

101.7

97.0 93.0 90.8 91.6

101.7

97.1 92.5 89.7 97.7

101.7

95.7 94.6 98.6 99.4

101.7

94.9 97.0 98.5

100.1 101.5

98.7 95.1 95.7 99.5

101.0

Year Diesel


2016 .... 2017 .... 2018 .... 2019 .... 2020 ....

48.3 57.8 62.4 67.2 73.7

45.0 57.5 62.4 68.3 70.8

47.1 57.1 60.7 70.8 66.7

48.4 57.3 63.6 71.8 60.9

52.1 56.4 67.0 73.5 58.4

54.5 54.9 68.3 72.2 58.8

54.0 54.1 68.6 71.5 59.5

52.8 55.8 69.0 70.9 59.3

53.7 59.4 70.7 71.5 59.0

55.0 59.2 73.6 72.8 58.4

54.7 61.1 73.0 73.5 59.4

56.2 60.6 69.7 73.5 63.2

51.8 57.6 67.4 71.5 62.3

Year Gasoline


2016 .... 2017 .... 2018 .... 2019 .... 2020 ....

54.2 64.2 65.4 62.5 77.2

49.2 63.0 65.9 64.6 74.7

54.4 63.5 65.5 70.7 69.2

58.2 65.5 70.2 78.5 57.6

62.2 64.5 73.8 81.5 58.3

64.7 63.0 74.1 78.2 64.5

61.4 61.4 73.8 79.3 67.5

59.8 63.1 74.2 76.6 67.5

60.9 69.4 75.0 76.4 67.6

61.7 65.5 76.5 78.2 66.8

60.0 66.5 71.8 77.8 65.4

61.8 64.0 65.1 77.0 67.9

59.0 64.5 70.9 75.1 67.0

Year LP Gas


2016 .... 2017 .... 2018 .... 2019 .... 2020 ....

48.9 91.0 85.0 71.5 95.9

54.4 91.3 76.1 73.5 93.0

65.3 71.6 70.9 74.4 71.6

65.0 74.2 75.4 71.3 80.2

72.2 71.7 85.7 77.0

102.3

69.7 64.8 83.8 64.9

121.7

64.6 69.6 91.0 75.9

120.5

59.7 79.9 96.2 67.6

124.2

64.6 91.6

106.2 79.8

121.5

73.5 94.4 98.0 88.3

129.1

67.7 96.8 77.5

106.9 133.7

78.7 92.4 71.6

105.0 158.0

65.4 82.4 84.8 79.7

112.6

Year Supplies


2016 .... 2017 .... 2018 .... 2019 .... 2020 ....

106.2 106.6 109.3 114.6 116.3

106.1 106.7 109.5 114.8 116.6

106.2 106.9 109.9 114.8 116.5

106.2 107.0 110.5 114.8 117.3

106.3 107.2 110.7 115.3 117.1

106.2 107.6 111.2 115.8 117.3

106.2 107.8 111.7 116.1 117.3

106.3 107.9 112.6 116.1 117.4

106.4 108.1 113.3 115.9 117.8

106.5 108.1 113.5 115.9 118.4

106.5 108.3 113.3 116.0 118.4

106.5 108.8 113.5 116.1 118.8

106.3 107.6 111.6 115.5 117.4

Year Repairs


2016 .... 2017 .... 2018 .... 2019 .... 2020 ....

105.4 106.7 109.0 114.0 115.1

105.2 106.7 108.9 113.9 115.4

105.2 106.7 109.0 114.0 115.3

105.3 107.8 110.3 114.2 116.1

105.0 108.0 111.0 114.0 116.2

105.0 108.0 111.2 113.9 116.0

105.7 108.5 112.2 114.6 116.6

106.6 108.5 113.1 114.4 116.4

106.4 108.5 113.3 114.5 116.4

106.9 108.8 113.8 114.7 116.4

106.9 108.8 113.8 114.7 116.3

107.0 108.8 113.8 114.7 116.3

105.9 108.0 111.6 114.3 116.0

Year Autos


2016 .... 2017 .... 2018 .... 2019 .... 2020 ....

101.5 102.0 100.1 100.5 100.8

102.0 102.1 100.0 100.6 101.4

101.8 101.7 99.9

100.9 100.9

101.5 101.6 99.5

100.9 100.6

101.3 101.2 99.8

100.9 100.7

100.9 100.6 100.0 100.8 100.9

100.7 99.6

100.0 100.6 101.5

100.4 99.2 99.7

100.3 101.3

100.3 98.6 99.7 99.8

101.3

100.6 98.5 99.6 99.8

101.5

100.7 99.0 99.8 99.8

101.5

100.8 99.7 99.9

100.1 102.2

101.0 100.3 99.8

100.4 101.2

Year Trucks


2016 .... 2017 .... 2018 .... 2019 .... 2020 ....

106.6 107.9 107.0 106.8 107.0

107.1 107.8 106.8 107.0 107.3

107.3 107.6 106.8 107.5 106.9

107.2 107.7 106.3 107.5 106.9

107.0 107.6 106.5 107.3 107.1

106.8 107.0 106.6 107.0 106.8

106.7 106.4 106.5 106.7 107.3

106.3 106.2 106.2 106.3 107.0

106.3 105.8 105.8 105.9 106.9

106.6 105.8 105.7 105.8 107.6

106.6 105.9 105.8 105.9 107.7

106.8 106.7 106.0 106.4 108.4

106.8 106.9 106.3 106.7 107.2




Year Tractors


2016 ... 2017 ... 2018 ... 2019 ... 2020 ...

110.5 112.6 112.5 110.4 111.6

110.6 112.7 112.3 109.9 111.8

110.6 112.8 112.1 109.3 112.0

110.7 112.8 111.6 109.3 112.0

110.8 112.6 111.1 109.8 112.0

110.9 112.8 110.7 110.0 112.8

111.0 112.7 110.2 110.2 111.9

111.1 112.5 109.6 110.4 111.9

111.2 112.2 109.1 110.7 111.7

111.5 112.0 108.5 110.9 112.8

112.1 112.9 111.5 111.1 112.0

112.5 112.7 111.0 111.4 112.4

111.1 112.6 110.9 110.3 112.1

Year Self-propelled


2016 ... 2017 ... 2018 ... 2019 ... 2020 ...

117.8 120.5 120.8 130.3 129.5

118.3 120.6 120.7 130.7 127.5

118.0 120.8 120.6 131.0 126.4

118.2 120.6 121.0 131.0 126.3

118.2 120.4 121.4 128.8 126.3

118.2 120.3 121.8 127.9 126.2

118.4 120.3 123.7 127.0 126.2

118.6 120.3 124.0 126.3 126.3

118.7 121.0 125.4 125.3 126.4

120.0 121.0 128.1 124.3 127.5

120.2 120.9 129.5 123.7 127.5

120.2 120.8 129.9 128.2 127.5

118.7 120.6 123.9 127.9 127.0

Year Other machinery


2016 ... 2017 ... 2018 ... 2019 ... 2020 ...

113.0 116.9 118.8 126.5 126.7

112.9 117.3 117.9 127.7 126.3

112.7 117.6 118.3 127.8 126.5

113.0 117.5 118.8 127.8 126.7

113.3 117.5 119.9 127.0 126.7

114.1 117.6 120.4 129.5 127.5

114.6 117.6 121.3 129.1 128.1

114.9 117.4 121.8 128.8 129.0

115.3 117.5 122.5 128.6 127.5

115.7 117.5 123.3 128.4 128.9

116.0 117.6 123.8 127.4 127.1

116.3 117.8 125.5 127.2 128.1

114.3 117.5 121.0 128.0 127.4

Year Custom rates


2016 ... 2017 ... 2018 ... 2019 ... 2020 ...

111.6 114.3 113.3 118.4 119.6

111.6 114.3 113.3 118.4 119.6

111.6 114.3 113.3 118.4 119.6

111.6 114.3 113.3 118.4 119.6

111.6 114.3 113.3 118.4 119.6

111.6 114.3 113.3 118.4 119.6

111.6 114.3 113.3 118.4 119.6

111.6 114.3 113.3 118.4 119.6

111.6 114.3 113.3 118.4 119.6

111.6 114.3 113.3 118.4 119.6

111.6 114.3 113.3 118.4 119.6

111.6 114.3 113.3 118.4 119.6

111.6 114.3 113.3 118.4 119.6

Year Other services

January February March April May June July August September October November December Average 1

2016 ... 2017 ... 2018 ... 2019 ... 2020 ...

115.6 111.3 113.5 116.3 116.1

115.6 111.4 113.7 116.4 115.9

115.6 111.2 113.9 116.1 115.9

115.9 111.5 113.8 116.1 115.6

115.6 111.9 114.4 116.4 115.1

116.6 112.8 115.1 117.3 116.0

116.8 113.1 115.3 117.3 116.4

116.7 113.1 115.4 117.1 116.3

116.6 113.2 115.5 116.7 116.0

116.0 112.3 115.3 116.4 116.0

115.6 112.2 115.0 116.2 116.7

116.1 112.4 115.1 116.0 116.9

116.1 112.2 114.7 116.5 116.1

Year Cash rent


2016 ... 2017 ... 2018 ... 2019 ... 2020 ...

130.4 130.4 126.1 123.3 124.7

130.4 130.4 126.1 123.3 124.7

130.4 130.4 126.1 123.3 124.7

130.4 130.4 126.1 123.3 124.7

130.4 130.4 126.1 123.3 124.7

130.4 130.4 126.1 123.3 124.7

130.4 130.4 126.1 123.3 124.7

130.4 130.4 126.1 123.3 124.7

130.4 130.4 126.1 123.3 124.7

130.4 130.4 126.1 123.3 124.7

130.4 130.4 126.1 123.3 124.7

130.4 130.4 126.1 123.3 124.7

130.4 130.4 126.1 123.3 124.7

Year Share rent


2016 ... 2017 ... 2018 ... 2019 ... 2020 ...

116.1 116.1 111.8 108.6 109.7

116.1 116.1 111.8 108.6 109.7

116.1 116.1 111.8 108.6 109.7

116.1 116.1 111.8 108.6 109.7

116.1 116.1 111.8 108.6 109.7

116.1 116.1 111.8 108.6 109.7

116.1 116.1 111.8 108.6 109.7

116.1 116.1 111.8 108.6 109.7

116.1 116.1 111.8 108.6 109.7

116.1 116.1 111.8 108.6 109.7

116.1 116.1 111.8 108.6 109.7

116.1 116.1 111.8 108.6 109.7

116.1 116.1 111.8 108.6 109.7

1 Weighted index using 5-year average production expenditures.


Prices Paid Indexes as a Percent of 1910-1914 Base, Monthly and Annual Average – United States: 2016-2020 [Revised historical price indexes for months not shown are available at www.nass.usda.gov]

Year

Commodities, services, interest, taxes, and wage rates (PPITW)


2016 .... 2017 .... 2018 .... 2019 .... 2020 ....

2905 2867 2927 2990 3014

2894 2879 2946 2994 3006

2898 2884 2947 2997 2980

2887 2888 2938 3011 2946

2891 2889 2950 3001 2949

2900 2885 2945 2988 2956

2872 2880 2949 2994 2968

2854 2860 2953 2974 2975

2818 2871 2953 2965 2985

2800 2889 2969 2987 3006

2809 2896 2971 2993 3027

2830 2904 2977 3000 3050

2863 2883 2952 2991 2988

Year

Items used for production, interest, taxes, and wage rates (PITW)


2016 .... 2017 .... 2018 .... 2019 .... 2020 ....

3035 2979 3040 3109 3125

3022 2992 3061 3112 3115

3024 2997 3061 3112 3084

3010 3001 3048 3127 3047

3013 3002 3061 3113 3050

3022 2996 3054 3098 3055

2989 2990 3058 3105 3067

2967 2965 3064 3079 3074

2922 2975 3063 3069 3085

2900 2997 3081 3094 3110

2912 3007 3085 3102 3137

2937 3016 3094 3110 3164

2979 2993 3064 3102 3093

Year Items used for production


2016 .... 2017 .... 2018 .... 2019 .... 2020 ....

2229 2162 2194 2236 2239

2217 2174 2213 2238 2230

2219 2178 2212 2239 2204

2208 2185 2208 2256 2175

2211 2185 2219 2244 2178

2218 2180 2213 2231 2183

2186 2175 2207 2233 2193

2167 2154 2211 2211 2199

2129 2162 2210 2202 2209

2107 2178 2223 2222 2231

2117 2186 2226 2229 2254

2138 2194 2234 2236 2277

2179 2176 2214 2232 2214

Year Feed


2016 .... 2017 .... 2018 .... 2019 .... 2020 ....

1112 1061 1038 1121 1143

1107 1072 1079 1125 1140

1107 1071 1093 1132 1135

1106 1064 1115 1136 1135

1154 1057 1140 1139 1124

1204 1041 1125 1151 1115

1173 1046 1112 1144 1118

1131 1031 1117 1136 1110

1095 1021 1089 1129 1122

1074 1027 1090 1133 1156

1066 1017 1092 1132 1192

1080 1030 1112 1138 1224

1118 1045 1100 1135 1143

Year Livestock & poultry


2016 .... 2017 .... 2018 .... 2019 .... 2020 ....

2364 2014 2229 2102 2118

2358 1998 2248 2081 2069

2385 2040 2177 2098 1946

2280 2080 2066 2212 1755

2160 2135 2036 2081 1784

2067 2138 2003 1929 1789

1968 2126 1987 1944 1838

1995 2032 1986 1889 1894

1844 2092 2049 1886 1929

1732 2205 2119 1973 1964

1836 2247 2075 2017 2018

1925 2249 2091 2035 2037

2076 2113 2089 2021 1928

Year Seeds


2016 .... 2017 .... 2018 .... 2019 .... 2020 ....

4096 3969 3934 3885 3800

4096 3969 3934 3885 3800

3969 3934 3885 3800 3711

3969 3934 3885 3800 3711

3969 3934 3885 3800 3711

3969 3934 3885 3800 3711

3969 3934 3885 3800 3711

3969 3934 3885 3800 3711

3969 3934 3885 3800 3711

3969 3934 3885 3800 3711

3969 3934 3885 3800 3711

3969 3934 3885 3800 3711

3990 3940 3893 3814 3725

Year Fertilizer


2016 .... 2017 .... 2018 .... 2019 .... 2020 ....

964 797 775 841 828

917 823 796 850 845

909 836 797 844 864

919 849 796 838 878

912 838 800 854 887

901 822 794 854 874

847 796 790 842 865

814 766 790 836 861

800 751 801 841 866

795 752 820 846 889

801 764 834 840 905

791 775 836 848 914

864 797 803 845 873

Year Chemicals


2016 .... 2017 .... 2018 .... 2019 .... 2020 ....

975 922 927 929 883

976 976 926 924 884

977 977 960 918 879

977 966 931 916 880

978 928 915 921 892

979 939 910 938 897

989 913 879 953 897

972 905 885 887 897

953 912 848 825 897

954 905 836 878 897

942 923 918 889 897

935 945 915 893 895

967 934 904 906 891



Prices Paid Indexes as a Percent of 1910-1914 Base, Monthly and Annual Average – United States: 2016-2020 (continued) [Revised historical price indexes for months not shown are available at www.nass.usda.gov]

Year Fuels


2016 ... 2017 ... 2018 ... 2019 ... 2020 ...

1388 1810 1869 1873 2187

1328 1799 1831 1913 2107

1445 1704 1775 1996 1903

1490 1731 1874 2045 1775

1611 1697 2001 2119 1840

1655 1629 2017 2020 1974

1605 1630 2055 2066 1997

1550 1717 2088 2001 2013

1596 1872 2169 2069 1994

1665 1858 2191 2140 2015

1622 1909 2055 2239 2046

1711 1865 1932 2226 2240

1556 1768 1988 2059 2008

Year Supplies & repairs


2016 ... 2017 ... 2018 ... 2019 ... 2020 ...

1246 1258 1287 1347 1362

1244 1258 1287 1347 1366

1245 1259 1290 1348 1365

1245 1269 1302 1349 1374

1244 1271 1308 1350 1374

1244 1272 1312 1351 1373

1249 1277 1321 1358 1378

1256 1277 1332 1356 1377

1255 1278 1336 1356 1378

1259 1281 1341 1358 1381

1260 1281 1340 1358 1380

1260 1283 1341 1358 1382

1251 1272 1316 1353 1374

Year Autos & trucks


2016 ... 2017 ... 2018 ... 2019 ... 2020 ...

3255 3292 3261 3256 3264

3272 3292 3255 3263 3275

3277 3284 3255 3276 3261

3272 3286 3241 3278 3261

3267 3281 3246 3273 3265

3259 3264 3250 3263 3260

3255 3244 3247 3256 3274

3245 3237 3239 3242 3265

3243 3224 3227 3231 3265

3253 3222 3223 3228 3283

3253 3229 3229 3230 3286

3260 3252 3235 3244 3308

3259 3259 3242 3253 3272

Year Machinery


2016 ... 2017 ... 2018 ... 2019 ... 2020 ...

6990 7174 7225 7607 7606

7001 7187 7197 7636 7553

6988 7199 7203 7640 7535

7001 7192 7217 7647 7536

7011 7186 7245 7574 7535

7030 7188 7261 7612 7564

7047 7187 7320 7583 7565

7062 7180 7334 7562 7587

7074 7195 7376 7537 7551

7119 7193 7453 7513 7627

7138 7203 7539 7477 7575

7152 7203 7581 7586 7603

7051 7190 7329 7581 7570

Year Building materials


2016 ... 2017 ... 2018 ... 2019 ... 2020 ...

2487 2531 2620 2741 2756

2487 2542 2637 2749 2764

2490 2549 2671 2746 2780

2496 2562 2683 2754 2765

2500 2565 2712 2752 2764

2505 2567 2722 2746 2775

2511 2566 2726 2758 2791

2518 2576 2724 2747 2829

2514 2580 2729 2745 2870

2511 2591 2729 2742 2873

2511 2596 2723 2742 2861

2515 2599 2730 2742 2885

2504 2569 2700 2747 2809

Year Services & rent


2016 ... 2017 ... 2018 ... 2019 ... 2020 ...

2518 2475 2461 2474 2484

2519 2477 2462 2475 2482

2519 2474 2465 2472 2481

2522 2478 2464 2472 2478

2519 2482 2471 2475 2471

2530 2492 2478 2486 2483

2532 2496 2481 2486 2487

2531 2496 2482 2483 2486

2530 2497 2483 2478 2483

2523 2487 2481 2476 2482

2519 2486 2477 2473 2491

2524 2488 2479 2470 2494

2524 2486 2474 2477 2483



Prices Paid Indexes as a Percent of 1910-1914 Base, Monthly and Annual Average – United States: 2016-2020 (continued) [Revised historical price indexes for months not shown are available at www.nass.usda.gov]

Year Interest


2016 .... 2017 .... 2018 .... 2019 .... 2020 ....

3789 3968 4190 4205 4307

3789 3968 4190 4205 4307

3789 3968 4190 4205 4307

3789 3968 4190 4205 4307

3789 3968 4190 4205 4307

3789 3968 4190 4205 4307

3789 3968 4190 4205 4307

3789 3968 4190 4205 4307

3789 3968 4190 4205 4307

3789 3968 4190 4205 4307

3789 3968 4190 4205 4307

3789 3968 4190 4205 4307

3789 3968 4190 4205 4307

Year Taxes


2016 .... 2017 .... 2018 .... 2019 .... 2020 ....

6568 6856 6952 7000 7095

6568 6856 6952 7000 7095

6568 6856 6952 7000 7095

6568 6856 6952 7000 7095

6568 6856 6952 7000 7095

6568 6856 6952 7000 7095

6568 6856 6952 7000 7095

6568 6856 6952 7000 7095

6568 6856 6952 7000 7095

6568 6856 6952 7000 7095

6568 6856 6952 7000 7095

6568 6856 6952 7000 7095

6568 6856 6952 7000 7096

Year Wage rates


2016 .... 2017 .... 2018 .... 2019 .... 2020 ....

8210 8594 9010 9574 9778

8210 8594 9010 9574 9778

8210 8594 9010 9574 9778

8159 8466 8780 9414 9644

8159 8466 8780 9414 9644

8159 8466 8780 9414 9644

8332 8466 9138 9542 9644

8332 8466 9138 9542 9644

8332 8466 9138 9542 9644

8479 8588 9260 9612 9644

8479 8588 9260 9612 9644

8479 8588 9260 9612 9644

8295 8529 9047 9535 9678

Year Family living


2016 .... 2017 .... 2018 .... 2019 .... 2020 ....

2251 2307 2355 2391 2451

2252 2314 2365 2401 2457

2262 2316 2371 2415 2452

2273 2323 2380 2428 2436

2282 2325 2390 2433 2436

2290 2327 2394 2433 2449

2286 2325 2394 2437 2461

2288 2332 2395 2437 2469

2293 2345 2398 2439 2472

2296 2343 2402 2445 2474

2293 2343 2394 2443 2472

2293 2342 2387 2441 2474

2280 2328 2385 2429 2459

Year

Commodities, services, interest, taxes, and wage rates Adjusted for productivity


2016 .... 2017 .... 2018 .... 2019 .... 2020 ....

1402 1501 1621 1682 1720

1401 1503 1625 1684 1719

1402 1504 1626 1686 1715

1399 1498 1610 1679 1699

1400 1498 1613 1678 1699

1403 1498 1612 1676 1701

1408 1497 1637 1686 1705

1406 1495 1638 1683 1707

1401 1497 1638 1682 1709

1407 1508 1649 1690 1712

1408 1509 1649 1691 1715

1411 1510 1649 1692 1719

1404 1501 1631 1684 1710

Year Parity ratio 2


2016 .... 2017 .... 2018 .... 2019 .... 2020 ....

32 31 30 30 30

33 33 32 31 31

33 34 33 32 32

33 34 33 32 29

34 36 33 32 30

33 35 33 32 31

33 34 32 31 30

32 34 31 32 30

32 33 31 31 31

30 31 30 30 31

31 33 31 31 32

32 33 31 31 31

32 33 32 31 31

Year Adjusted parity ratio (PPITW) 3


2016 .... 2017 .... 2018 .... 2019 .... 2020 ....

33 32 31 32 31

34 34 33 33 32

34 35 34 34 33

34 35 34 34 30

35 37 34 34 31

34 36 34 34 32

34 35 33 33 31

33 35 32 34 31

33 34 32 33 32

31 32 31 32 32

32 34 32 33 33

33 34 32 33 32

34 34 33 33 32

1 Weighted index using 5-year average production expenditures. 2 Ratio of index of prices received to index of prices paid for commodities, services, interest, taxes, and wage rates. 3 Ratio of the index of prices received after adjustment for government payments to the index of prices paid for commodities, services, interest, taxes,

and wage rates.


Feed Ratios Monthly and Annual Average – United States: 2016-2020 [Annual average is a simple average of monthly ratios, January through December]

Year Broiler 1

January February March April May June July August September October November December Average

2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

5.1 4.7 5.3 5.8 4.9

4.8 4.6 5.1 5.1 4.2

5.0 5.3 5.7 5.3 4.4

5.1 5.7 6.1 5.8 2.4

5.3 6.6 6.7 6.1 3.8

5.1 6.7 7.0 5.4 4.0

4.7 6.1 6.7 4.8 3.7

4.3 5.5 5.2 4.3 3.3

4.2 5.1 4.8 4.0 2.9

3.7 4.9 4.8 4.1 3.0

4.4 5.0 5.2 4.1 3.5

4.7 5.1 5.3 4.5 3.8

4.7 5.4 5.7 4.9 3.7

Year Market Egg 2


2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

11.4 6.7

11.6 9.5 5.6

10.2 4.3

12.8 8.3 7.4

8.8 6.4

22.1 7.6

18.7

4.6 4.4

11.2 4.6

10.1

2.7 4.2 6.8 2.3 6.3

2.5 4.5 9.3 5.1 5.5

4.0 6.8

10.5 2.5 6.1

4.4 6.1

11.0 7.6 6.3

3.8 10.9

8.6 5.0 6.6

2.6 8.3 8.5 4.7 8.5

3.7 15.3 11.7 13.0

7.7

12.1 14.4 11.7

8.3 4.7

5.9 7.7

11.3 6.5 8.1

Year Turkey 3


2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

8.7 7.6 5.7 5.6 6.7

9.0 7.3 5.5 5.8 7.0

9.0 7.5 5.2 5.9 7.4

9.2 7.5 5.2 6.3 7.9

8.8 7.7 5.1 6.1 8.3

8.9 7.4 5.3 6.1 8.5

9.3 7.3 5.7 6.2 8.7

9.5 7.2 5.8 6.6 8.7

10.3 6.9 5.9 7.0 8.6

9.9 7.1 5.7 7.0 8.2

9.3 6.5 6.0 7.5 7.3

8.4 6.0 5.5 6.9 6.9

9.2 7.2 5.5 6.4 8.0

Year Milk 4


2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

2.18 2.71 2.20 2.06 2.42

2.18 2.61 2.03 2.07 2.35

2.12 2.40 1.98 2.14 2.25

1.99 2.22 1.90 2.11 1.85

1.90 2.20 1.90 2.12 1.77

1.92 2.31 1.97 2.09 2.36

2.16 2.27 1.93 2.16 2.69

2.44 2.50 2.06 2.26 2.50

2.49 2.46 2.13 2.34 2.28

2.38 2.48 2.22 2.42 2.50

2.59 2.54 2.21 2.65 2.58

2.73 2.38 2.07 2.57 2.18

2.26 2.42 2.05 2.25 2.30

Year Hog-Corn 5


2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

11.9 14.1 16.0 12.5 12.6

13.9 15.8 16.2 12.1 12.0

14.0 15.2 14.2 12.9 13.0

14.3 14.1 12.7 16.8 12.9

15.5 15.5 14.0 17.2 15.9

15.9 18.1 16.5 14.9 13.1

16.5 19.3 16.9 13.6 12.4

16.4 18.8 13.2 14.9 13.8

14.8 15.0 12.7 12.6 14.6

12.7 14.5 14.7 12.8 15.6

12.0 15.9 13.5 13.0 13.7

13.0 15.0 12.3 12.7 12.4

14.2 15.9 14.4 13.8 13.6

Year Steer & Heifer-Corn 6


2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

36.1 35.0 37.4 34.8 33.0

37.4 35.2 37.6 35.0 32.3

38.5 36.4 36.2 35.7 31.0

37.4 37.9 34.1 36.3 33.7

35.1 40.0 33.2 33.6 34.7

33.2 38.8 31.6 28.9 34.8

33.3 34.7 32.3 27.2 30.5

36.8 35.2 33.3 28.5 33.3

33.9 32.7 32.4 27.4 30.9

31.0 34.0 32.7 28.3 29.9

32.7 38.4 33.7 31.3 28.8

34.0 37.2 33.6 32.3 28.0

34.9 36.3 34.0 31.6 32.4

1 The price of commercial prepared broiler feed is based on current United States prices received for corn and soybeans. The modeled feed ration uses 58 percent corn and 42 percent soybeans.

2 The price of commercial prepared layer feed is based on current United States prices received for corn and soybeans. The modeled feed ration uses 75 percent corn and 25 percent soybeans.

3 The price of commercial prepared turkey feed is based on current United States prices received for corn, soybeans, and wheat. The modeled feed ration uses 51 percent corn, 28 percent soybeans, and 21 percent wheat.

4 The price of commercial prepared dairy feed is based on current United States prices received for corn, soybeans, and alfalfa. The modeled feed ration uses 51 percent corn, 8 percent soybeans, and 41 percent alfalfa.

5 Number of bushels of corn equal in value to 100 pounds of all hogs, live weight. 6 Number of bushels of corn equal in value to 100 pounds of steers & heifers, live weight.


Reliability of Prices Paid Estimates Definition: Prices paid by farmers represent the average costs of inputs purchased by farmers and ranchers to produce

agricultural commodities. Conceptually, the average price when multiplied by quantity purchased should equal total

producer expenditures for the item.

Survey procedures: The prices paid data are obtained from establishments that sell goods and services to farmers and

ranchers. Annually, about 8,500 firms are randomly selected from lists by type of item sold with an average response rate in the range of 75-80 percent. Firms are asked to report the price for the specified item "most commonly bought by

farmers" or that was the "volume seller". Approximately 135 items are surveyed each March to represent all production

input items purchased. The survey reference period for most items is the five business days centered at the 15th of the month. Separate prices paid surveys are conducted for agricultural chemicals, fuels, feed, fertilizer, machinery, and seed.

Summary and estimation procedures: The annual March Prices Paid Survey is summarized as a non-probability survey. Average prices reported are aggregated to the region and United States level using weights available from expenditure

data and other administrative sources. Price recommendations are prepared by the Regional Field Offices and

Headquarters for review by the Agricultural Statistics Board in Washington, D.C. Also, the change in price level for individual items surveyed are combined to the regional and United States levels, and are published as prices paid indexes

referenced to a specific base period. Prices paid indexes for new autos and trucks, building materials, farm supplies, motor

supplies, and marketing containers are updated based on price changes measured in selected Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) indexes.

Revisions: Any revisions are published in the monthly and in annual issues of Agricultural Prices. The basis for revision must be supported by additional data that directly affect the level of the estimate. More revisions are likely for March

when separate prices paid surveys are conducted, in lieu of BLS indexes, by the USDA to measure price change.

Reliability: Current methods of summarization for the March data are not designed directly to calculate sampling errors.

However, analytical measures approximate the United States relative sampling errors for major items around 10 percent.

Any non-sampling errors are attributed to such things as the inability to obtain correct information, differences in interpreting questions or definitions, mistakes in coding or processing the data, etc. Efforts are made at each step in the

survey process to minimize these non-sampling errors.

Program change: Effective January 2014, the National Agricultural Statistics Service modified the five-year moving

weights and updated the base reference period. In January 2015, publication of preliminary prices was suspended, and the

annual average index was replaced by an annual index.

As of January 2014, the 1990-1992 base reference period was updated to 2011. Five-year moving average weights are

adjusted (normalized) to minimize the effects of price changes. The 1910-1914=100 price indexes, required by statute for computing parity prices, were linked forward based on the changes in the new 2011=100 indexes. The new indexes were

constructed by multiplying the ratios of the current prices to the base period prices by the moving average weights.

Modifications implemented January 2015 discontinued preliminary prices and replaced the annual average index with an

annual index.

The April 2015 program update discontinued publication of the annual March survey prices paid data.

The February 2016 program update changed the rounding of the 2011 base period indexes to nearest tenth of a percent. The 1910-1914 base period indexes remain rounded to the nearest whole number.

See Price Program Links at end of this report for program change details.


Information Contacts General Tony Dorn, Chief, Environmental, Economics, and Demographics Branch .................................................. (202) 690-3223 Crop Prices Received Lance Honig, Chief, Crops Branch .............................................................................................................. (202) 720-2127 Chris Hawthorn, Head, Field Crops Section ................................................................................................. (202) 720-2127 Greg Lemmons – Corn, Flaxseed, Proso Millet .......................................................................................... (202) 720-9526 James Johanson – Barley, Hay ................................................................................................................... (202) 690-8533 Joshua Bates – Oats, Soybeans ................................................................................................................... (202) 690-3234 John Stephens – Peanuts, Rice.................................................................................................................... (202) 720-7688 Jean Porter – Rye, Wheat ........................................................................................................................... (202) 720-8068 Becky Sommer – Cotton, Cotton Ginnings, Sorghum................................................................................. (202) 720-5944 Travis Thorson – Canola, Mustard Seed, Rapeseed, Safflower, Sunflower ................................................. (202) 720-7369

Fleming Gibson, Head, Fruits, Vegetables and Special Crops Section .......................................................... (202) 720-2127 Heidi Lanouette – Blueberries, Cranberries, Cucumbers, Pistachios, Potatoes, Pumpkins,

Raspberries, Squash, Strawberries, Sugarbeets, Sugarcane, Sweet Potatoes ........................................... (202) 720-4285 Robert Little – Apricots, Dry Beans, Lettuce, Macadamia, Maple Syrup,

Nectarines, Pears, Snap Beans, Spinach, Tomatoes ................................................................................ (202) 720-3250

Anastasiya Osborne – Almonds, Apples, Asparagus, Carrots, Coffee, Onions Plums, Prunes, Sweet Corn, Tobacco ..................................................................................................... (202) 720-4288

Krishna Rizal – Artichokes, Cauliflower, Celery, Garlic, Grapefruit, Hazelnuts,

Kiwifruit, Lemons, Mandarins and Tangerines, Mint, Mushrooms, Olives, Oranges .............................. (202) 720-5412 Fleming Gibson – Avocados, Bell Peppers, Broccoli, Cabbage, Chickpeas,

Chile Peppers, Dates, Floriculture, Grapes, Hops, Pecans....................................................................... (202) 720-2127

Fleming Gibson – Cantaloupes, Dry Edible Peas, Green Peas, Honeydews, Lentils, Papayas, Peaches, Sweet Cherries, Tart Cherries, Walnuts, Watermelons .............................................. (202) 720-2127 Livestock Prices Received Travis Averill, Chief, Livestock Branch ....................................................................................................... (202) 692-0069 Scott Hollis, Head, Livestock Section .......................................................................................................... (202) 690-2424 Holly Brenize – Sheep and Goats ............................................................................................................... (202) 720-0585 Ryan Cowen – Cattle and Cattle on Feed ................................................................................................... (202) 720-3040 Mike Miller – Milk, Milk Cows ................................................................................................................. (202) 720-3278 Seth Riggins – Hogs and Pigs ..................................................................................................................... (202) 720-3106 Vacant, Head, Poultry and Specialty Commodities Section Fatema Haque – Turkeys ............................................................................................................................ (202) 720-3244 Autumn Stone – Eggs ................................................................................................................................. (202) 690-3676 Adam Peters – Honey ................................................................................................................................. (202) 690-3237 Takiyah Walker - Broilers .......................................................................................................................... (202) 720-6147 Indexes, Prices Paid, and Parity Prices Tony Dorn, Chief, Environmental, Economics, and Demographics Branch .................................................. (202) 690-3223 Bruce Boess, Head, Economics Section ....................................................................................................... (202) 720-4447 Eric Barnes – Prices Received Indexes, Parity Prices ................................................................................. (202) 690-3225 Kuan Chen – Prices Received Indexes, Parity Prices, Prices Paid Indexes, Prices Paid for Feed, Fertilizer, Chemicals, Seeds, Fuels, Farm Supplies and Repairs, Farm Machinery, Feeder Livestock, Poultry Chicks, Feed Price Ratios ............................................................................................................ (202) 690-3347 Max Reason – Prices Received Indexes, Parity Prices, Prices Paid Indexes ............................................... (202) 720-8844

Access to NASS Reports For your convenience, you may access NASS reports and products the following ways:

All reports are available electronically, at no cost, on the NASS web site: www.nass.usda.gov

Both national and state specific reports are available via a free e-mail subscription. To set-up this free

subscription, visit www.nass.usda.gov and click on “National” or “State” in upper right corner above “search” box to create an account and select the reports you would like to receive.

Cornell’s Mann Library has launched a new website housing NASS’s and other agency’s archived reports. The new website, https://usda.library.cornell.edu. All email subscriptions containing reports will be sent from the new

website, https://usda.library.cornell.edu. To continue receiving the reports via e-mail, you will have to go to the

new website, create a new account and re-subscribe to the reports. If you need instructions to set up an account or subscribe, they are located at: https://usda.library.cornell.edu/help. You should whitelist notifications@usda-

esmis.library.cornell.edu in your email client to avoid the emails going into spam/junk folders.

For more information on NASS surveys and reports, call the NASS Agricultural Statistics Hotline at (800) 727-9540,

7:30 a.m. to 4:00 p.m. ET, or e-mail: [email protected].

The U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) prohibits discrimination against its customers, employees, and applicants for

employment on the basis of race, color, national origin, age, disability, sex, gender identity, religion, reprisal, and where

applicable, political beliefs, marital status, familial or parental status, sexual orientation, or all or part of an ind ividual's income is derived from any public assistance program, or protected genetic information in employment or in any program

or activity conducted or funded by the Department. (Not all prohibited bases will apply to all programs and/or

employment activities.)

If you wish to file a Civil Rights program complaint of discrimination, complete the USDA Program Discrimination Complaint Form (PDF), found online at www.ascr.usda.gov/filing-program-discrimination-complaint-usda-customer, or

at any USDA office, or call (866) 632-9992 to request the form. You may also write a letter containing all of the

information requested in the form. Send your completed complaint form or letter to us by mail at U.S. Department of Agriculture, Director, Office of Adjudication, 1400 Independence Avenue, S.W., Washington, D.C. 20250-9410, by fax

(202) 690-7442 or email at [email protected].

Price Program Links Economics and Prices http://www.nass.usda.gov/Statistics_by_Subject/Economics_and_Prices/index.php

January 2014 Price Program Update http://www.nass.usda.gov/Surveys/Guide_to_NASS_Surveys/Prices/updates.pdf

January 2015 Price Program Update http://www.nass.usda.gov/Surveys/Guide_to_NASS_Surveys/Prices/update2015.pdf

April 2015 Price Program Update http://www.nass.usda.gov/Surveys/Guide_to_NASS_Surveys/Prices/updateApr2015.pdf

February 2016 Price Program Update http://www.nass.usda.gov/Surveys/Guide_to_NASS_Surveys/Prices/updateFeb2016.pdf

https://www.nass.usda.gov/

https://www.nass.usda.gov/

https://usda.library.cornell.edu/

https://usda.library.cornell.edu/

https://usda.library.cornell.edu/help

mailto:[email protected]



http://www.ocio.usda.gov/sites/default/files/docs/2012/Complain_combined_6_8_12.pdf

http://www.ocio.usda.gov/sites/default/files/docs/2012/Complain_combined_6_8_12.pdf

http://www.ascr.usda.gov/filing-program-discrimination-complaint-usda-customer


http://www.nass.usda.gov/Statistics_by_Subject/Economics_and_Prices/index.php

http://www.nass.usda.gov/Surveys/Guide_to_NASS_Surveys/Prices/updates.pdf

http://www.nass.usda.gov/Surveys/Guide_to_NASS_Surveys/Prices/update2015.pdf

http://www.nass.usda.gov/Surveys/Guide_to_NASS_Surveys/Prices/updateApr2015.pdf

http://www.nass.usda.gov/Surveys/Guide_to_NASS_Surveys/Prices/updateFeb2016.pdf

Registration is Now Open

to USDA's 97th Agricultural Outlook Forum!

Building on Innovation: A Pathway to Resilience

Join us for this virtual event on February 18-19, 2021

The Forum is free to attend

Register Today

https://na.eventscloud.com/aof2021

Documents

Agricultural Prices 01/29/2021 - Cornell University...Prices Received Indexes, 2011 Base – United States: December 2020 with Comparisons [Revised historical price indexes for months