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Agricultural Meterorology Division, IMD, Pune organised a workshop on “Applications
of satellite information in Gramin Krishi Mausam Sewa (GKMS)” at Meteorological Training
Institute, IMD, Pashan, Pune on 27th
March, 2014. High level dignitaries namely Dr.L.S.Rathore,
Director General of Meteorology, IMD, New Delhi, Shri S.Krishnaiah, ADGM (R), IMD, Pune,
Dr.V.K.Dadhwal, Director, National Remote Sensing Centre, Hyderabad Dr.K.R.Manjunath,
Head, CAD, Space Applications Centre, Ahmedabad, Prof. B.N.Goswami, Director, Indian
Institute of Tropical Meteorology, Pune and Dr.N.Chattopadhyay, DDGM (Agrimet), Pune,
addressed the delegates in the inaugural function.
At the outset, Dr.N.Chattopadhyay, DDGM (Agrimet) welcomed the dignitaries on the
dais and extended warm welcome to all the delegates. He informed that the meeting is very
important in the context of operational needs of the scheme “Gramin Krishi Mausam Sewa
(GKMS)” for the benefit of farming community in the country. He emphasized the need to
incorporate the inputs from satellite in GKMS. He said that an attempt has been made through
this workshop on how current and future Indian satmet products would help the farming
community through operational AAS.
Shri S.Krishnaiah, ADGM(R) in his address mentioned that satellite has many
applications in operational Agromet Advisory Service (AAS) and IMD provides AAS in
collaboration with private companies which needs to be strengthened. He informed that IMD has
500 AWS and around 400 conventional observatories but this does not give sufficient resolution,
but satellite meteorology gives good resolution of data which will be helpful for AAS. He added
that there is need to develop mechanism to use satmet data for operational AAS throughout the
growing period and the workshop is planned in this right direction. He further added that there
are many applications of satellite information like crop health monitoring, water requirement etc.
which play critical role in agriculture.
Dr.K.R.Manjunath, Head, CAD, SAC, Ahmedabad in his address gave the reference of
astrological based weather prediction of earlier days and mentioned that the farmers are having
the perception of impact of weather on crop for long time, however scenario changed a lot during
present day and weather conditions are properly monitored. He also mentioned that agromet
advisories are provided to farmers and from this point of view, current workshop is highly
relevant as remote sensing gives continuous monitoring even for the remote areas. He also
mentioned that it would help to carry out damage assessment after the occurrence of any weather
event. He opined that focus must be on different aspects like application and technical, for
example, sowing time, minimizing crop losses etc. and AAS is the point of discussion even at
Ministry level. He also said that presently different products from geostationary satellites are
available and NDVI images generated from INSAT are used for AAS. He added that GISAT
with 56 resolutions would provide more hyper temporal data and in addition to agriculture, more
areas like horticulture must also be covered under the operational services.
Prof. B.N.Goswami, Director, IITM, Pune in his address mentioned that successful
agriculture depends on improved and skillful weather forecast. He informed that IITM and IMD
are working very closely together in weather forecasting and he added that GKMS scheme can
be implemented successfully with improved weather forecast. He also informed that with the use
of satellite data, weather forecast has also improved significantly. He said that very high
resolution temperature data from satmet improved the forecast in Northern Hemisphere i.e. extra
tropical region. He also said that there is need for microwave based profile observation as it
gives the temperature within the system. He informed that there are uncertainties – converting
data into met applications / products and need for research in agricultural applications with
satellite information.
Dr.V.K.Dadhwal, Director, NRSC, Hyderabad in his address mentioned that farmers
have limited options with respect to weather applications. Hence weather forecasting and its
timely communication to the farmers are equally important. He also mentioned that it is possible
to improve weather forecasting using remote sensing. Our ability of monsoon forecasting has
improved compared to previous years. We also have better communication systems so that
dissemination of information to the users is carried out efficiently in lesser time.
Dr.L.S.Rathore, DGM, IMD, New Delhi, in his address, mentioned that this workshop
can be regarded as an operational workshop to structure the application of remote sensing in
AAS. He informed that there are not much useful products for agromet available with us. He also
informed that this meeting is very timely as NASA and JAXA has taken the first image with
their first earth observing satellite i.e. GPM which would be a better substitute for TRIM. He
said that everybody knows the potential areas and current level of skill and there is need to
improve the current level of skill. He also said that there is need to identify the stresses due to
biotic and abiotic conditions for which advisories are to be generated. Farmers are aware of air
temperature but not of soil temperature. He added that there is need for blending of this
information for giving proper advisories, secondly there is also need for crop assessment. He
further said that there is also need to assess the damage due to pest & disease or even damages
due to abiotic event and the intensity of the event. He also added that at present level, there is
need to target and identify stress areas and work out for the specific products using remote
sensing inputs.
Dr. K.Ghosh, Scientist D, IMD, Pune, proposed the vote of thanks.
In the remaining session presentations were made by the scientists particularly on present and
future activities under Agromet Advisory Service and need for satellite data/products for AAS
generation of different types of agrimet data from current Indian and foreign satellites including
INSAT 3D, development of value-added products for providing crop husbandry based
information to farmers, present and future strategies of IMD-ISRO collaboration and other
institutes / centres in ICAR on use of satellite data in AAS.
Dr. N. Chattopadhyay presented on “Goals, requirements, current status and gap areas in
satellite information under Gramin Krishi Mausam Sewa(GKMS)”. He discussed about the
present status of agromet advisory services. He also discussed about the current status of use
of satmet data in AAS and future requirements of satellite information for GKMS. He briefed
about the points to be discussed in the workshop and expectation from the workshop.
Dr. C. Chattopadhyay presented on „Towards Integrated Decision Support System (IDSS) for
crop protection service in GKMS: Current status and future requirements”. He discussed
regarding awareness amongst the farmers, about different packages and need based IPM
models.. He also discussed about the NCIPM website and NISPM for Bt cotton. He showed
the use of remote sensing in detecting the yellow rust severity in wheat during 2013 and web
based Decision Support System for rapeseed and mustard. He also discussed about three
priorities and also about the new risks due to pests developed due to climate change in
different crops.
Shri Virendra Singh presented on “Operational satmet products for GKMS: Current status and
future scope”. He discussed about the operational INSAT series satellites being used currently
by India Meteorological Department. He also discussed about the INSAT-3D Satellite Inputs
for fog monitoring. He explained about the proposed products from INSAT 3D for Agrimet
unit of IMD to be operationalized at IMDPS, New Delhi and new initiative to be explored for
better use of satellite products in Agromet.
Dr Randhir Singh Hooda presented on “Satellite observation for operational high-resolution
weather forecast: Current status and scope for improvement”. He discussed about the current
and future Indian satellites for weather applications. He said that pilot observations are found
effective in improving the quality of short range forecast. He concluded that SSM/I are the
most decisive instruments followed by SAPHIR and MHS for improving the quality of the
forecast over the Indian region.
Dr. S. D. Kotal presented on “Role of satellite data in high resolution forecast model”. He
discussed about the sophisticated NWP models. He mentioned that satellite data is vital for
Data Assimilation (DA) systems to produce good analyses for NWP forecasts and is tested
extensively before being used in operational DA systems. He informed that satellite data is
monitored continuously to assure good quality and vital to the quality of NWP forecasts for
individual events and over the long term. He also informed that before satellite data is useable
in DA, it has to match data in the NWP model, which depends on the model‟s dynamics and
physics. Satellite data also provides important guidance to forecasters on using NWP in the
forecast process.
Dr. B. K. Bhattacharya, presented on “Development of satellite-based operational agromet
products for value-added advisories in GKMS: Current status and future scope”. He informed
that to one has to identify areas with operational deliverables and R & D activities with
satellite data in line with basic requirements for short-term, medium-term and long-term
advisories and to formulate working groups across the agencies. He mentioned a project
proposal should be drafted identifying resources (manpower, computational, instrumentation,
data, user interfaces, communication, visibility building), funding and future satellite sensors
for agromet advisories to farmers.
Dr. S. Bandyopadhyay presented on “Operational soil moisture from RISAT-1: Current status
and future scope”. In his presentation he outlined about the image based algorithms for
estimation of soil moisture, generation of spatio-temporal distribution of soil moisture,
estimation of surface soil moisture over vegetation with repeat-pas measurements and
upscaling of soil moisture and active and passive merged product development. He informed
that there is need for developing multi-satellite based estimation of soil moisture.
Dr. V. K. Dadhwal, presented on “Dissemination of value-added and disaster-related products
for GKMS through BHUVAN portal”.
Dr. S. S. Ray presented on “Drought assessment using satellite data and future scope”. He
discussed about the inputs of drought assessment and methodology of agricultural drought
assessment using remote sensing techniques. He mentioned about the requirement for drought
assessment and inputs required from various organisations.
Dr. Dharmendra Singh presented on “Operationalization of Satellite Data Based Soil Moisture
Monitoring System in India”. He presented the technique of soil moisture estimation using
satellite data. He explained about the problems in soil moisture retrieval, need of fusion in
satellite data, algorithm development and implementation of algorithm. He said that most of
empirical model consider only surface scattering. He highlighted that in pulses image
classification the accuracy is 86%. He added that soil moisture is estimated through derived
empirical relationship. He concluded that the study demonstrates the capability of using SAR
and optical data to retrieve the soil moisture and moistly rely on the parameter of the SAR and
optical data.
Dr. N. R. Patel presented on “Agrometeorological research initiatives at IIRS using satellite
and in situ data: current status and future plans”. Strategies for utilization of satellite
meteorology products in the preparation of agromet advisories under Gramin Krishi
Mausam Sewa
During the discussion it has been proposed to form three Working Groups keeping in
view of different components of operational agro met advisory services, i.e. improvement of
quality of weather forecast incorporating information generated from satellite data, generation of
agromet products and value-added information related to crop health and stresses from the said
products. The organisations involved in different proposed groups and their specific
responsibilities are mentioned below.
Working Group – I: - Use of satellite Meteorology inputs for improvement of weather
forecast and preparation of agro met advisories
Weather forecast at different spatial and temporal scales is the most important component
for generation of agromet advisories under GKMS. Incorporation of satellite data and products,
data assimilation in NWP models are essentially required for improvement of the quality of the
forecast. Based on the mandates of different organisations, the responsibilities of different
institutions / organisations have been decided as mentioned below.
Space Applications Centre (SAC) and National Centre for Medium Range Weather
Forecasting (NCMRWF):
Both SAC and NCMRWF would provide research inputs to NWP Group of IMD for
better weather forecasting. SAC will mainly concentrate to generate different satellite based
products required for data assimilation of various models for generating weather forecast and
extend help to IMD for assimilation of these products in NWP models.
Numerical Weather Prediction (NWP) group of IMD:
NWP Group of IMD will be responsible for identification of the different satellite based
products required for data assimilation of various models for generating weather forecast for
fulfilling the operational requirements of GKMS.
NWP Group of IMD and SAC will also jointly work for validation of weather forecast.
Working Group – II:- Generation of satmet and agro-met products
Different organisations presently involved in satellite-based research activities in
Agricultural Meteorology will be working for the development of satmet products considering
the operational requirement of Agromet Advisory Services. The proposed responsibilities of
different organisations are as follows:
Space Applications Centre (SAC):
SAC will identify and develop the Algorithm/techniques, models, satellite based
meteorological and agro-meteorological parameters based on INSAT and other satellite data for
generating operational country-scale, high-repeat, large-swath products. SAC will implement all
the developed algorithm/Techniques in respect of agro-meteorological derived product of INSAT
at IMDPS (sat met division Delhi) for generation of these products operationally. SAC will host
near-real time country-scale high-repeat products from other satellites and INSAT with a time-
lag through MOSDAC portal. In addition, SAC will also support validation of products through
in situ CAL-VAL data.
Satellite Meteorology Division of IMD and Agricultural Meteorology Division of IMD:
Satmet Division will operationalize INSAT-based parameters on real-time basis so that
these can be used by working groups I and III. Both IMD-satmet and IMD (Agrimet), Pune will
be involved in the validation of these products.
National Remote Sensing Centre (NRSC):
NRSC will identify core parameters and related techniques for creating finer-scale low-
repeat limited-swath land products from IRS, OCM and RISAT. These products will be shared
through BHUVAN portal. NRSC will also support validation of core products through in situ
measurements.
Indian Institute of Remote Sensing (IIRS):
IIRS will assist in testing of algorithms and techniques for core products and validation to
both SAC and NRSC.
Mahalanobis National Crop Forecast Centre (MNCFC):
MNCFC, New Delhi will create the potential crop maps with country-scale coverage
using operational techniques and update these every year.
Working Group – II will take feedback from Working Group – III for the quality of
products generated. They will also collect the requirement regarding resolution of the weather
forecast from Working Group – III and pass on the same to Working Group – I.
Working Group – III:- Generating value-added products and information service for
agricultural decision management
The organisations under Working Group - III will use the products generated by Working
Group - II for generating value-added crop-husbandry linked products to extract information
related to water management, inter-cultural operations, crop protection, generation of
contingency measures for extreme events or anomalous situation, post-harvest management
useful for framing agro-met advisories. Organisations proposed to be working under Working
Group - III are- NCIPM (ICAR), AICRPAM, CRIDA, SAC, NRSC, IIRS, MNCFC and
NCMRWF.
Agricultural Meteorology Division, IMD, Pune will be responsible for co-ordination
among all the groups for successful implementation of work components identified in the
working groups. It is decided that the Working Groups will be working under a specific time
frame as given below:
During first 15 days, responsible scientists/officials from each organisation will be
identified by respective heads of the organization or institutions.
Based on the nominations received from different organizations, during next 15 days,
DGM, IMD will form the composition of different working groups with members, member-
secretary, chairman and co-chairman.
During next one month, the Terms of Reference (ToR) for each Working Group will be
finalised.
During subsequent two months, discussion within the group will be carried out to come
out with ways and methods.
Given the amount of work and lack of man-power resources, DG, IMD is requested to
make necessary arrangements so that work can take place smoothly and in a time-bound manner.
DG, IMD has agreed in principle to do the necessary arrangements at the earliest.
Respective agencies shall identify the coordinating /resource scientist/Officials for all the
working groups and intimate to Agrimet Division, IMD, Pune for better coordination among the
groups.
Monitoring and assessment of the progress would be made by five-member team
consisting of DGM, IMD, New Delhi, Director SAC, Ahmedabad, Director, NRSC, Hyderabad,
one officer from DAC and DDG (NRM), ICAR.
Initially work will be demonstrated on pilot-scale (i) providing finer details and frequent
updates on drought assessment during kharif season in addition to current operational know-
hows adopted by NADAMS/MNCFC (ii) providing satellite-based information related to sowing
suitability, irrigation water savings, early warning on candidate pests and diseases of wheat and
mustard crops in rabi season. MNCFC will provide the potential country-scale crop distribution
maps of wheat and mustard. It has also been decided to arrange web-based geoportal services
through SAC and NRSC using MOSDAC and BHUVAN with the objective of fulfilling two-
way feedback mechanism.
.
List of Participants
S.No Name Address Email ID
1 Dr. L.S. Rathore Director General of
Meteorology
2 Dr. V. K. Dadhwal Director, National Remote
Sensing Agency, Hyderabad
3 Dr. C. Chattopadhyay Director, National Centre for
Integrated Pest Management
(NCIPM), ICAR, New Delhi
4 Dr. Bimal K. Bhattacharya Scientist, SAC (ISRO),
Ahmedabad
5 Dr. K.R. Manjunath
Head, CAD/ABHG/EPSA,
SAC (ISRO), Ahmedabad
6 Dr. S. Bandyopadhyay
Scientist 'SF', Indian Space
Research Organization HQ
Bangalore.
7 Dr. R. S. Hooda SAC (ISRO), Ahmedabad [email protected]
8 Dr. Dharmendra Singh IIT,Roorkee [email protected]
9 Dr.S.S.Ray
Director, Mahalanobis
National Crop Forecast
Centre (NCFC), DAC, New
Delhi
10 Dr. N.R. Patel Indian Institute of Remote
Sensing, Dehradun
11 Shri Virendra Singh Scientist E, Satmet Division,
IMD, New Delhi
12 Dr. Kamaljit Ray Scientist E, ENWFC, IMD,
New Delhi
13 Dr. S. D. Kotal, Scientist D, IMD, New Delhi [email protected]
14 Dr.N.Chattopadhyay DDGM (Agrimet), IMD,
Pune
15 Dr.A.Kashyapi Scientist E, IMD, Pune [email protected]
16 Dr.K.Ghosh Scientist D, IMD, Pune [email protected]
17 Shri. R.Balasubramanian Scientist C, IMD, Pune [email protected]
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