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Agricultural EngineeringAgriscience Applications
By: Johnny M. Jessup
FFA Advisor/Agriculture Teacher
Safety AwarenessSafety is being prepared since almost
50% of all farm related accidents involve working with machinery & equipment.
Safety is developing an environment free from danger, risk, or injury.
Safety Awareness The #1 key to shop
safety is the people who use the shop.
Workers should always…. Be trained in proper
tool operations. Pass a safety test
before using the shop.
Principles for SafetyKeep the shop in an orderly manner to
prevent tripping and related injuries.Remove unnecessary hazards such
as oily rags.Minimize danger by making certain all
machines have safety shields to place prior to an during operation.
Principles for SafetyWear appropriate protective clothing
& devices. Safety glasses & goggles prevent eye
injury from dust and flying objects. Leather steel-toed shoes offer protection
should items be dropped or fall on the feet. Ear plugs or ear muffs can prevent hearing
loss when the noise level exceeds 90 dB (decibels).
Safety Color CodingNational organizations worked together.Code was published by the….
American Society of Agricultural Engineers Safety Committee of the American
Vocational Association Color coding alerts people to dangers &
hazards, provides information to help one react quickly in an emergency.
Basic ColorsYellow
Identifies that wheels, levels, and knobs that adjust or control machines.
Caution
Basic ColorsBlue
Used on signs such as “Out of order” to identify broken shop equipment that does not work properly.
Information
The Fire TriangleOxygen
Gas in the atmosphere that is not a fuel, but must be present for fuels to burn.
Fire PreventionTake away one of the components of
the fuel triangle and fire will not start or will stop if it has started.
Safe storage of fuels is the easiest fire prevention technique.
Clean shop facilities also decrease the chance of fire.
Fire ExtinguishersKnow the kind of fire extinguisher that is
used for different kinds of fires prior to the fire. Class A is used for ordinary combustibles. Class B is used for flammable liquids. Class C is used for electrical equipment. Class D is used for combustible metals.
DCBA
Fire Extinguishers Know the placement of
fire extinguishers so that time is not taken looking for them if a fire occurs.
Should be hung on walls within easy reach in areas where fires would most likely occur.
Using Fire Extinguishers Know how to use the fire extinguisher.
Hold upright, pull the ring pin, press the lever. The nozzle of the extinguisher is directed toward
the base of the fire to discharge the extinguisher.
Smothering a Fire Best used on a
person whose clothes are on fire.
Wrap the person in a blanket to cut the oxygen off to the fire.
Instruments for Simple Designs Sharp Lead Pencil
Needed for the highest quality scale drawing. Protractor
Used for drawing & measuring angles. Good Eraser
Helps makes corrections without distorting the image.
12 inch Ruler Works for basic drawing.
Compass Used for drawing circles & arches.
Instruments for Detailed Designs
Drawing Board Used for attaching the drawing paper.
Masking Tape Used to secure the drawing paper to the
drawing board.T-Square
Helpful for drawing horizontal lines.
Instruments for Detailed Designs Right Triangle
30o x 60o x 40o
Used to draw vertical lines.
Scale Instrument with all increments shortened
according to proportion. Two Types
Flat Scale – looks similar to a ruler. Triangular scales – three sides, but six scales.
Basics of DrawingSketch
Rough drawing that is not to scale. Sketches do not have dimensions
included.Pictorial Drawing
Shows all three sides dimensions at once. All three views (front, side (end), and top
are in view.
Basics of Drawing Scale drawing
Represents an object in exact proportion. Object is larger/smaller than the drawing itself. Examples: ¼” = 1’
Then ¼” on the drawing would equal 1’ on the actual object.
2” line on the drawing would equal 8’ on the object. (2 divided by ¼ = 8)
The scale will vary depending on the size of the object being drawn.
Determining MaterialsBill of Materials
Complete list and description of all materials needed to construct a project.
Abbreviations are often used. BF= Board foot LF= Linear foot
Determining Board Feet Determining board feet for small pieces.
BF = Thickness (inches) x width (inches) x length (inches)
144
Determining board feet for large pieces.
BF = Thickness (inches) x width (inches) x length (feet) 12
Determining Board Feet How many board feet are in a board
4” x 6” x 24”?
BF = 4” x 6” x 24” = 576” = 1 BF 144 144
How many board feet are in a board 1” x 12” x 8’?
BF = 1” x 12” x 8’ = 96 = 8 BF 12 12
Wood ProjectsFastest way to fasten wood is by
nailing. Nail hammer or nail gun are preferred
tools for driving nails.Screws hold better than nails and are
driven quickly with power screwdrivers. Flathead screw is the one most used
in woodworking.
Wood Projects Bolts are particularly useful for
fastening wood at high stress points. Gluing is the strongest method of
fastening wood. Often used along with nails, screws, etc. Boards are held in place for gluing by clamps.
Dowel pins are round wood pins sometimes used to strengthen wood joints.
Marking Steel Presents a special
problem as pencil marks do not show up well.
Soapstone Soft, gray rock. Cut into thin pieces
resembling pencils. Shows up well on
most metals.
Cutting Metal Hack Saw
Hand tool most often used for cutting metal.
Especially useful for cutting thin conduit.
Metal Cutting Band Saw & Power Hacksaws May be used for large
projects.
CareersAttracts students interested in
operation, maintenance, service, and selling of agricultural equipment.
Varied careers in Production support such as Tractor mechanic, farm machinery assembler, Agriculture Safety Engineer.
CareersCareers also in horticulture such as
irrigation engineer, Lawn mower mechanic, Agriculture Equipment designer.
Education varies with the type of Agriscience mechanics career chosen and working conditions.
Broad field includes agricultural processing.
Careers Use of engineering
equipment like levels & tripods to survey, layoff, and construct terraces.
Use of earth moving machinery to control erosion.
Careers Diesel mechanics are
in demand because….. Of the large amounts of
diesel powered equipment.
Builders of structures & equipment.