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Agricultural biodiversity and the real solutions we need Adelita San Vicente Tello Accumulated knowledge S E E D S: C O M M O N G O O D COMMO- DITIES 1996 MODERN BIOTECH 2,000 DC 1,000 DC 4,000 AC 1950 Mesoamérica: Corn, bean, squash, chile, tomatoes Potatoes quinoa Central Asia Wheat Mediterra- nean Oats, rape Near East Barley, rye, wheat, peas China: Rice, soy bean, millet “foxtail” Etiopía: Sorghum, millet Andes:
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Agricultural biodiversity and the real solutions
we need
Adelita San Vicente Tello
Accumulated knowledge
“The agriculture, is one of the three most important humanity inventions, along with the
fire use, and the mechanical strength use”. (Bernal,1979)
Plants domestication10,000 a 8,000 A.C.
GREENREVOLUTION
1930-1960
1996 MODERN BIOTECH
4,000 AC 2,000 DC
1,000 DC
1950
S E E D S: C O M M O N G O O D COMMO-DITIES
Mesoamérica One of the eight crop species
origin centers
Mesoamérica:Corn, bean, squash, chile, tomatoes
Andes:Potatoes quinoa
Mediterra-neanOats, rape
Etiopía:Sorghum, millet
Central AsiaWheat
Near EastBarley, rye, wheat, peas
Indo-Malaysian:Rice, banana, sugarcane , yam
China: Rice, soy bean, millet “foxtail”
Countries with great biological and cultural diversity
Mega-diverse
countries: País Plantas
vascularesBrasil 56,215
Colombia 48,000
China 32,200
Indonesia 29,375
México 23,424
Venezuela 21,073
Ecuador 21,000
Perú 17,144
Australia 15,638
Madagascar 9,505
Congo 6,000
Half of the world`s languages are
concentrated in eight countries:
Papúa Nueva Guinea
820
Indonesia 742
Nigeria 516
India 427
México 297
Camerún 280
Australia 275
China 241
China
Indonesia
México
Countries with a great cultural diversity
Countries with a great biological diversity
Fuentes: CONABIO y Worldwatch Institute
Biocultural countries
Agrobiodiversity Product of: ancestral knowledge - agroecosystem
and local variety
Foto de Francisco Álvarez Quiñones; Chiapas
Sembrador Códice Fejérváry Mayer – BMNAH Fotografía: Carmen Loyola
México: agriculture is a part of a worldview, a México: agriculture is a part of a worldview, a form of relationship withform of relationship with nature nature
Current territories of Mexico indigenous peoples
Fuente: Eckart Boege, 2009.
Locations:
From 40 to 69%
From 70 and more
Municipalities:Less than 5,000 indigenous popilation
Less of 40% and more of 5,000 indigenous popilation
Con menos del 40% y más de 5000 indígenas
Locations with more than 40% of indigenous population and the municipalities types
Dominant language in locations with more than 40% indigenous population according the volume population
There are 68 languages recognized
The 2010 census is wing 5.7 millones* identify themselves as indigenous,
more than 13% of mexicans** Raised in 5 years?
* For ages 3 and over.**112 336 538 people reside in the Mexican territory
Distribution of indigenous population
Indicator 2005
total indigenous
Total population
High and very high marginalized Municipality population
Source: CDI-PNUD Indigenous population Indicator system based on: Inegi Population census
Land property
Property Surface %
Social property: Ejidos, communities and neighborhoods 56.1
Private property 35.7
National lands 3.7
Others 4.5
Total 100
Social property: Ejidos, communities and neighborhoods.
Private property
Varied propierty
Municipal Distribution according to the land tenure
The mexican biodiversity
CalabazastomatoeAguacate
Chile
Chiles
Nochebuena
15.4% of the global food system species comes from domestic plants
in Mesoamerica.
Girasol
jicama
guava
cotton
beans
vainillacocoa
barbasco
arnicaSun flower
Christmas eve flower
avocado squash
amaranto
Foto CodiceEhecatl and the man seated represents the corn folded
plant. C. L. Códice Fejerváry Mayer.Códice Cuautinchan. Foto: Robert Bye
The corn allowed to the Mesoamerican population to build a civilization with a system thought, a culture, a worldview, gods
“Thanks to the link both actors took on a different nature. The union entered into the maize molecular privacy to make it more useful to humanity and useless for it, that is, it was domesticated. Also was tamed the man, changing his social character”. Alfredo López Austin
The corn created a culture
“The corn is an invention of ours, and in turn the corn invented us”.
Guillermo Bonfil Batalla
“We are women and men of corn”. Popol Vuh