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8/11/2019 Agri COOP Presentation on Farm Mechanization Before Parliamentary Consultative Committee (Jan-2013)
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Mechanization and Technology Division
Dept. of Agriculture and Cooperation
Ministry of Agriculture2013
Farm Mechanization in India:
8/11/2019 Agri COOP Presentation on Farm Mechanization Before Parliamentary Consultative Committee (Jan-2013)
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Unfolding Future of Mechanized Farms
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Tillage &
seedbed
Preparation
Sowing/
PlantingFertiliser
ApplicationIrrigation Harvesting
Post
Harvesting
Inter Cultivation
Plant Protection
Mechanized Solutions for whole chain
Mechanisation is clearly the answer to key performance parameter at every
stage of cropping cycle
Scope of Farm Mechanization
8/11/2019 Agri COOP Presentation on Farm Mechanization Before Parliamentary Consultative Committee (Jan-2013)
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Sales of Tractors and Power Tillers in India
0
1,00,000
2,00,000
3,00,000
4,00,000
5,00,000
6,00,000
7,00,000
2004-05 2005-06 2006-07 2007-08 2008-09 2009-10 2010-11 2011-12
2,47,5312,96,080
3,52,835 3,46,501 3,42,8363,93,836
5,45,1096,07,000
TRACTORS
0
10,000
20,000
30,000
40,000
50,000
60,000
2004-05 2005-06 2006-07 2007-08 2008-09 2009-10 2010-11 2011-12
17,48122,303
24,791 26,135
35,29438,794
55,00060,000
POWER TILLERS
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Trend of power availability from different sources
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
1971-72 1981-82 1991-92 2001-02 2005-06 2009-10
8.45
18.46
26.14
36.7738.45 41.67
10.7915.82
24.84 26.31 25.66 25.13
Electric motors
Diesel engines
Power TillersTractors
Draught Animals
Agriculture Workers
Share of agriculturalworker & draught
animals came down
from 63.5%in 1971-
72 to 13.67% in
2009-10
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Comparison of Mechanization with Other
Countries
Source: FAO Yearbook 2003
Sl. No. Country Farm Power No. of Tractorsper 1000 Ha.
No. of CombineHarvesters per
1000 Ha.
(kW/Ha)
1 India 1.36 15.75 0.026
2 Japan 8.75 461.22 236.983 U.K. 2.5 88.34 8.3
4 France 2.65 68.5 4.93
5 Italy 3.01 211.08 4.71
6 Germany 2.35 79.817 11.41
7 Argentina -- 10.74 1.79
8 Brazil -- 13.66 0.915
9 China -- 6.98 2.53
10 Pakistan -- 16.47 0.08
11 Egypt -- 30.7 0.79
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United States
[2.4%, 95%]
Western Europe
[3.9%, 95%]
Former Soviet Union
[14.4%, 80%]
Brazil
[14.8%, 75%]
Argentina[9.4%, 75%]
India
[55 ,40 ]
China
[64.9%, 38%]
Africa
[60%, 20%]
Population engaged in Agriculture vis-a-vis
level of farm mechanization
Higher share of labour (55%) with lesser contribution to GDP (14%) makes
farming in India less remunerative and incidence of farmers poverty
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Advantages of Farm Mechanisation
Improves utilization efficiency of inputs such asseeds, chemicals, fertilizers and energy
Ensures timeliness of farm operations leading to
higher productivity and cropping intensity
Reduces cost of production and increases agricultural
income
Reduces drudgery and improves safety in operation
of farm machinery
Helps in conserving natural resources e.g, water
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Estimated contributions from farm
mechanization
Savings in seeds: 15-20%;
Savings in fertilizers: 15-20%;
Increase in cropping intensity: 5-20%;
Savings in time: 20-30%; and
Reduction in manual labour: 20-30%;
Overall increase in farm productivity 10-15 %;
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Farm Mechanization: Key driver of
productivity
Agricultural productivity has positive correlation with level of farm mechanization
0.25 0.31 0.35
0.63
0.92
1.35
1.66
0.5220.71
0.872
1.023
1.38
1.723
1.92
0
0.5
1
1.5
2
2.5
3
3.5
4
1951 1961 1971 1981 1991 2001 2010
FoodgrainYield (T/ha)
Farm Power(Kw/Ha)
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Need For Accelerated Farm Mechanization
Positive correlation between farm power availability andagricultural productivity
Addressing scarcity of agricultural labour (MNREGA)
Climate Change Mitigation (less sowing window, quickharvesting, delay in planting)
However, notwithstanding advantages:
Growth of farm mechanization (farm power/ha) is poor in
last decade (CAGR: about 2% between 2001-2010) ; and
Level of mechanization is significantly low in many potential
regions (Eastern, North Eastern, Central)
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2294
15551662
1530
1008
1987
1560
3383
1297
14051330 1377
2470
1285
1039
17961809
1047
1256
1397
4144
931
1496
24772544
2236
1780
2522
0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
3000
3500
4000
4500
0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3
Punjab
Haryana
TN
WBKeralaTripura
AP
UP
NationalAverage: 1790 Kg/ha
Farm Power Availability and Foodgrain Yield ( 2010-2011)
National Average: 1.66 KW/ha
Goa
High Mechanisation
& High Yield: 5 States
Low/Moderate Mechanisation & High
/Average Yield: 7 States (Rice Based)
UttarakhandManipurMeghalaya
Low Mechanisation & Low Yield: 17 States
Farm Power ( Kw/ha)
FoodgrainYield(Kg/ha)
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Tillage &
seedbed
Preparation
Sowing/
Planting
Fertiliser
ApplicationIrrigation Harvesting
Post
Harvesting
Inter Cultivation
Plant Protection
Level of Farm Mechanization in India
Overall about 40-45%
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What Retards Farm Mechanization Growth
Farm Mechanization requires minimum scale of operation;
Small and Marginal Farmers comprising about 84% of cultivators - but
adverse economy of scale and their poor financial strength excludes
them from fold of farm mechanization
2.2% CAGR
between 2001-
2010
0.420.59
0.91
1.351.5
1.66
0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1
1.2
1.4
1.6
1.8
1971-72 1981-82 1991-92 2001-02 2005-06 2009-10
Farm Power (kW/ha)
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Farm Mechanization has so far eluded
Small and Marginal Farmers (SMF)
Farm Equipment especially tractors, power tillers possessed by Small and Marginal
Farmers are substantially less than medium and large farmers
Small and Marginal Farmers
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Ongoing Programmatic Interventions
Orientation towards Individual Ownership : MacroManagement of Agriculture (MMA), National Food
Security Mission (NFSM), Rashtriya Krishi Vikas Yojna
(RKVY):
Small and Marginal Land Holdings (
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Present Policy Environment: Institutional
Credit
Small/Medium Farmers : Low creditworthiness
Farm Equipment Loan linked with land
holdings: High Entry Barrier for small/medium
Entrepreneurs' to set up mechanization services
(Custom Hiring Centre);
Result: Stagnating Credit Growth in Farm
Mechanization
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Stagnating Credit growth in Farm Mechanization
Source: NABARD, Annual Report 2009-10
Credit flows more freely to Crop or Working Capital Loan / ST Loan
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Balancing Adverse Economies of Scale : Custom
Hiring or Taxi Model
FICCI-YES Bank Report, 2009
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The Core Issues
Adverse Economies of Scale;Weak financial strength of majority of farmers
(SMF);
Lack of access to credit to Rural Entrepreneursfor setting Custom Hiring Centre;
Need for promoting appropriate Farm
Equipment: Low cost, region and crop specific,indigenous technology
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Policy Framework : Addressing Issues
Unbundling AgricultureServices from Farmers;
Facilitate Entrepreneurs toestablish Custom HiringCentre;
Facilitating rural entrepreneurs
Special incentives to Small and
Marginal farmers Focusing on village level
mechanization : low cost, regioncrop specific, indigenous
technology
Addressing adverseEconomies of Scale
Access to Credit
Promotion of appropriateFarm Equipment: Lowcost, region and cropspecific, indigenous
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Individual Ownership Vs Custom Hiring
Key Question is How to cater marginal and small
farmers who aggregate to > 80% of cultivators
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Sub Mission on Agricultural Mechanization
(SMAM)* : Key Interventions
1. Promotionand Strengthening of Agricultural Mechanisationthrough Training, Testing and Demonstration;
2. Appropriate Post Harvest Technology and Management
(PHTM);3. FinancialAssistanceor Procurement Subsidy for creating
ownerships of Agriculture Machinery and Equipments;
4. Establishment of Farm Machinery Banks for Custom Hiring
* Under the aegis of National Mission on Agricultural Extension& Technology (NMAE&T)
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Sub Mission on Agricultural Mechanization
(SMAM)* : Key Interventions
5. Creation of Hi-Tech, High Productive Equipment Hub forSpecific crops (Sugarcane, Cotton etc.);
6. Enhancing Farm Productivity at village levelby introducing
appropriate farm mechanisation in selected villages;
7. Creating ownership of appropriate farm equipment among
Small/Marginal farmers;
8.Assistance to farmers for promoting mechanized farming
* Under the aegis of National Mission on Agricultural Extension
& Technology (NMAE&T)
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Collaboration with ICAR and
Manufacturers for product development
and customization
Need for more products and commercialization
of developed products/technologies
Other Key Focus Area: Research &
Development
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High women workforce in
agricultureboth in
production and processing
Ergonomically designed tools
and equipment for
Reduced drudgery
Enhanced safety & comfort
Other Key Focus Area : Gender-friendly
tools and equipment
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Providing choice to farmers to selectbrand/equipment
Promoting Custom Hiring Centresrather than distributing Tractors at
high top up subsidy
To developVillage and SMF
orientation
State Related Issues
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Unfolding Future
Tilling, Sowing, Rice Transplanting,
harvesting, Transportation ?
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package
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1800 800 1234)
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