Aggressors Invade Nations Chapter 15 Section 4 Slide 2 Main Idea
As Germany, Italy and Japan conquered other countries, the rest of
the world did nothing to stop them. As Germany, Italy and Japan
conquered other countries, the rest of the world did nothing to
stop them. Many nations today take a more active and collective
role in world affairs, as in the United Nations. Many nations today
take a more active and collective role in world affairs, as in the
United Nations. Slide 3 Introduction By the mid 1930s, Germans were
determined to have a military conquest. By the mid 1930s, Germans
were determined to have a military conquest. The major democracies
were distracted by economic problems at home and wanted peace. The
major democracies were distracted by economic problems at home and
wanted peace. Britain, France and the United States Slide 4 Japan
Seeks an Empire During the 1920s, Japans government became more
democratic. During the 1920s, Japans government became more
democratic. It signed a treaty to respect Chinas borders and a pact
to renounce war. It signed a treaty to respect Chinas borders and a
pact to renounce war. However, its constitution put strict limits
on the powers of the prime minister and the cabinet. However, its
constitution put strict limits on the powers of the prime minister
and the cabinet. Civilian leaders had little control over the armed
forces. Civilian leaders had little control over the armed forces.
Military leaders reported only to the emperor. Military leaders
reported only to the emperor. Slide 5 Militarists Take Control of
Japan As long as Japan remained prosperous, the civilian government
kept power. As long as Japan remained prosperous, the civilian
government kept power. Once the Great Depression struck, the people
blamed the government. Once the Great Depression struck, the people
blamed the government. Military leaders gained support and won
control of the country. Military leaders gained support and won
control of the country. The militarists wanted to restore
traditional control of the government to the military. The
militarists wanted to restore traditional control of the government
to the military. Slide 6 Taking Control Made the emperor the symbol
of state power. Made the emperor the symbol of state power. Keeping
Emperor Hirohito as head of state won popular support. Keeping
Emperor Hirohito as head of state won popular support. Like Hitler
and Mussolini (Il Duce), Japans militarist were extreme
nationalists. Like Hitler and Mussolini (Il Duce), Japans
militarist were extreme nationalists. Wanted to conquer China to
solve economic crisis. Wanted to conquer China to solve economic
crisis. Also, provide Japan with raw materials and market for its
goods. Slide 7 Japan Invades Manchuria Japanese businesses had
heavily invested in Manchuria, a province of China. Japanese
businesses had heavily invested in Manchuria, a province of China.
Rich in iron and coal. Rich in iron and coal. Japan takes over.
Japan takes over. Builds mines and factories. Builds mines and
factories. Challenge to League of Nations. Challenge to League of
Nations. League is furious. League is furious. Japan withdraws from
League in 1933. Japan withdraws from League in 1933. Slide 8 Japan
Invades China Despite Chinas large number of soldiers, the Japanese
easily took over part of northern China. Despite Chinas large
number of soldiers, the Japanese easily took over part of northern
China. The Japanese were better equipped and better trained. The
Japanese were better equipped and better trained. Chinese
guerrillas led by Chinas Communist leader, Mao Zedong, continued to
fight the Japanese in the conquered area. Chinese guerrillas led by
Chinas Communist leader, Mao Zedong, continued to fight the
Japanese in the conquered area. Slide 9 1900 Slide 10 1905 Slide 11
1937 Slide 12 1941 Slide 13 European Aggressors on the March The
Leagues failure to stop the Japanese encouraged European Fascists
to plan aggression of their own. The Leagues failure to stop the
Japanese encouraged European Fascists to plan aggression of their
own. Fascism a political movement that promotes an extreme form of
nationalism, a denial of individual rights, and a dictatorial
one-party rule. Fascism a political movement that promotes an
extreme form of nationalism, a denial of individual rights, and a
dictatorial one-party rule. Emphasizes loyalty to the state and
obedience to its leader. Slide 14 Mussolini Attacks Ethiopia
Ethiopia was one of Africas three independent nations. Ethiopia was
one of Africas three independent nations. 1935 Mussolini orders an
invasion of Ethiopia. 1935 Mussolini orders an invasion of
Ethiopia. Slide 15 League Does Nothing Attacking Ethiopia went
against the policy of the League. Attacking Ethiopia went against
the policy of the League. Ethiopias emperor begged for help.
Ethiopias emperor begged for help. League did nothing. League did
nothing. Britain let Italian troops through the Suez Canal. Britain
let Italian troops through the Suez Canal. Britain and France
thought that if they gave into Mussolini in Africa that it would
keep the peace in Europe. Britain and France thought that if they
gave into Mussolini in Africa that it would keep the peace in
Europe. Slide 16 Hitler Defies Versailles Treaty Hitler had long
pledged to undo the Versailles Treaty. Hitler had long pledged to
undo the Versailles Treaty. The treaty had limited the size of
Germanys army. The treaty had limited the size of Germanys army.
March 1935 Hitler announces that he is not going to obey. March
1935 Hitler announces that he is not going to obey. League
basically slapped his hand. League basically slapped his hand.
Slide 17 Defiance The Leagues failure to stop Hitler from rearming
convinced Hitler to take greater risks. The Leagues failure to stop
Hitler from rearming convinced Hitler to take greater risks. Treaty
had also banned Germany from entering a 30 mile zone on either side
of the Rhine River (Rhineland). Treaty had also banned Germany from
entering a 30 mile zone on either side of the Rhine River
(Rhineland). March 7, 1936 Germany enters Rhineland. March 7, 1936
Germany enters Rhineland. Slide 18 Appeasement The French were
unwilling to risk war. The French were unwilling to risk war. The
British urged appeasement, giving in to an aggressor to keep peace.
The British urged appeasement, giving in to an aggressor to keep
peace. French and British do not challenge Hitler. French and
British do not challenge Hitler. He later admitted that he would
have backed down, if he had been challenged. He later admitted that
he would have backed down, if he had been challenged. Slide 19
Appeasement Slide 20 Reoccupation of the Rhineland The German
reoccupation marked a turning point in the march toward war. The
German reoccupation marked a turning point in the march toward war.
1.It strengthened Hitlers power and prestige within Germany. 1.It
strengthened Hitlers power and prestige within Germany. 2.The
balance of power changed in Germanys favor. France and Belgium were
now open to attack. 2.The balance of power changed in Germanys
favor. France and Belgium were now open to attack. 3.The weak
response from France and Britain encouraged Hitler to speed up his
expansion. 3.The weak response from France and Britain encouraged
Hitler to speed up his expansion. Slide 21 Axis Powers Hitlers
strength convinced Mussolini that he should seek an alliance with
Germany. Hitlers strength convinced Mussolini that he should seek
an alliance with Germany. Hitler agrees. Hitler agrees. One month
later, Germany makes an agreement with Japan. One month later,
Germany makes an agreement with Japan. Germany, Italy and Japan =
Axis Powers. Germany, Italy and Japan = Axis Powers. Slide 22 Civil
War Erupts in Spain Spain was a monarchy until 1931, when it became
a republic. Spain was a monarchy until 1931, when it became a
republic. 1936 - Army leaders favored a fascist style government.
1936 - Army leaders favored a fascist style government. General
Francisco Franco led the revolt. General Francisco Franco led the
revolt. Hitler and Mussolini aided Franco. Hitler and Mussolini
aided Franco. 1939 Franco becomes Spains Fascist dictator. 1939
Franco becomes Spains Fascist dictator. Slide 23 Democratic Nations
Try to Preserve Peace Britain and France continued to not take a
stand against Fascist aggression. Britain and France continued to
not take a stand against Fascist aggression. Both countries were
having economic problems. Both countries were having economic
problems. Neither wanted another world war. Neither wanted another
world war. Slide 24 United States Follows an Isolationist Policy
Isolationism the belief that political ties to other countries
should be avoided. Isolationism the belief that political ties to
other countries should be avoided. Many Americans supported this
view. 1935 Congress passed three Neutrality Acts. 1935 Congress
passed three Neutrality Acts. Banned loans and sale of arms to
nations at war. Slide 25 Slide 26 The German Reich Expands November
5, 1937 Hitler announced his plans to absorb Austria and
Czechoslovakia into the Third Reich (German Empire). November 5,
1937 Hitler announced his plans to absorb Austria and
Czechoslovakia into the Third Reich (German Empire). 1938 - Germans
annexed Austria. 1938 - Germans annexed Austria. What did France
and Britain do? What did France and Britain do? Nothing Nothing
Slide 27 Czechoslovakia Hitler moves on to Czechoslovakia. Hitler
moves on to Czechoslovakia. Three million Germans lived in the
western border called the Sudetenland. Three million Germans lived
in the western border called the Sudetenland. The Sudeten Germans
quickly developed pro-Nazi feelings. The Sudeten Germans quickly
developed pro-Nazi feelings. September 1938 Hitler demands that the
Sudetenland be given to Germany. September 1938 Hitler demands that
the Sudetenland be given to Germany. Czechs ask France for help.
Czechs ask France for help. Slide 28 Britain and France Again
Choose Appeasement Mussolini proposed a meeting for Germany, Italy,
France and Britain in Munich, Germany. Mussolini proposed a meeting
for Germany, Italy, France and Britain in Munich, Germany. Munich
Conference (9/29/1938) Czechs were not invited. Czechs were not
invited. British Prime Minister, Neville Chamberlain, believed that
appeasement was the solution. British Prime Minister, Neville
Chamberlain, believed that appeasement was the solution. Give into
Hitlers demand. Slide 29 Appeasement Britain and France agree that
Germany could have the Sudetenland. Britain and France agree that
Germany could have the Sudetenland. Hitler agrees to respect the
new borders of Czechoslovakia. Hitler agrees to respect the new
borders of Czechoslovakia. Winston Churchill, member of parliament
and future prime minister, disagreed with Chamberlain. Winston
Churchill, member of parliament and future prime minister,
disagreed with Chamberlain. He strongly opposed appeasement and
warned the public of its consequences. Slide 30 Six Months Later
Hitler takes Czechoslovakia. Hitler takes Czechoslovakia. Mussolini
seizes Albania. Mussolini seizes Albania. Hitler demanded that
Poland return the former German port of Danzig. Hitler demanded
that Poland return the former German port of Danzig. Poles refused
and looked to France and Britain for aid. Poles refused and looked
to France and Britain for aid. Hitler was certain that neither
nation would risk war due to their practice of appeasement. Hitler
was certain that neither nation would risk war due to their
practice of appeasement. Slide 31 Nazis and Soviets Sign
Nonaggression Pact Britain and France asked the Soviet Union (led
by Joseph Stalin) to join them in stopping Hitlers aggression.
Britain and France asked the Soviet Union (led by Joseph Stalin) to
join them in stopping Hitlers aggression. Stalin began talking with
Hitler. Stalin began talking with Hitler. Hitler and Stalin, both
dictators, reached an agreement. Hitler and Stalin, both dictators,
reached an agreement. Pledged to never attack one another. Pledged
to never attack one another. August 23, 1939 signed the
nonaggression pact. August 23, 1939 signed the nonaggression pact.
War appeared inevitable. War appeared inevitable.
