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energy.gov/sunshotenergy.gov/sunshotSHINESKickoffMeeting2016
energy.gov/sunshotenergy.gov/sunshotenergy.gov/sunshot
SHINESKickoffMeeting2016
AGENT-BASEDCOORDINATIONSCHEMEFORPVINTEGRATION(ABC4PV)Awardedto:CMU,NRECA,Aquion EnergyPresentedby:Soummya Kar (CMU)andCraigMiller(NRECA)
energy.gov/sunshotenergy.gov/sunshotSHINESKickoffMeeting2016 2
• Motivation• TechnicalObjectives• Team• Approach• ProjectObjectivesandAnticipatedOutcomes• ProjectPlan• Discussion
ProjectObjectivesandExpectedOutcomes
energy.gov/sunshotenergy.gov/sunshotSHINESKickoffMeeting2016 3
• Increaseddeploymentofsolarphotovoltaicgenerators,distributedstorage,demandresponsecapabilities
• DistributedapproachesasscalablesolutionfortheoptimalcoordinationofthesetechnologiesandeffectiveintegrationofPVsystems
Motivation
Gapbetweentheoreticalapproachesandactualapplication
NeedfortestbedfordistributedalgorithmsparticularlyfortheapplicationofPVintegrationandactualimplementationofsuchalgorithmsina
physicalenvironment
energy.gov/sunshotenergy.gov/sunshotSHINESKickoffMeeting2016 4
• ProjectGoals• DevelopmentofdistributedalgorithmforthecoordinationofPV
arrays,storage,flexibleload• Extensionofexistingalgorithmtocoordinationofarrays,storage,programmablethermostats
• Stabilityandrobusttestingofalgorithmviasimulations• Setupoftest-bedof10PVarray+storagesystems
• Installationofphysicaldevicesatactualfeederincooperationwithco-op
• Developmentofappropriateprotocolsandcybertoolstoensureinteroperabilityandcybersecurity
• Setupofcommunicationnetwork• Implementationandtestingofproposeddistributedalgorithmin
testbedwithrespecttorobustness,performanceandapplicability• Studyimpactonstorageperformanceandlifetimeincontextofthe
applicationandusedatatoimprovestoragesubsystem
TechnicalObjectives
energy.gov/sunshotenergy.gov/sunshotSHINESKickoffMeeting2016 4
Team
• CMU(Soummya Kar, Gabriela Hug, Jose Moura, Panayiotis Moutis, Jay Whitacre)• Operatingcontrolframework• Efficacyassessment(simulations&softwareimplementation)
• NRECA(Craig Miller, Doug Danley, David Pinney)
• Testbeddevelopment• Standardizationofunitequipment
• Aquion Energy(Tom Madden, Tom Jackson)
• Batterystoragesystemphysicalintegrationandoptimization
energy.gov/sunshotenergy.gov/sunshotSHINESKickoffMeeting2016 7
Approach:Unit-basedintegrationandabstraction
• SchematicofABC4PVunit• Unitsubsystemsdeployed
throughoutfeeder• Eachsubsystemconsistsof
PVgenerator,battery,communicatingthermostatandinverterandhascommunicationcapabilities
energy.gov/sunshotenergy.gov/sunshotSHINESKickoffMeeting2016 8
Approach:Inter-unitcollaboration
• Agent-baseddistributedalgorithm:• Subsystems
communicateandshareinformationwitheachother
• Limitedcommunicationofsomesubsystemswithsystemoperator
• Computationscarriedoutlocally
energy.gov/sunshotenergy.gov/sunshotSHINESKickoffMeeting2016 9
Approach:Distributedoptimizationframework
• Form of updates– Mathematical formulation based on consensus + innovation approach:
where λ is the consensus variable and innovation term ensures
𝜆"($%&) = 𝜆"
($) − 𝛽$ + 𝜆"($) − 𝜆,
($)�
,∈/0123453464
− 𝛼$𝑑9"($)
$332:;<$23
+𝑑9"(𝜆")=
">&
= 0,
Low computational effort required
Considered Application:Consensus: ensure cost optimalityInnovation: fulfill power balance
energy.gov/sunshotenergy.gov/sunshotSHINESKickoffMeeting2016 10
• IntegrationofPV,storage&loadcontrolina“unit”paradigm• Maximizevaluefromintegrationratherthancombinations• Modularandplug-incharacterofparadigm• Apriori employmentofcommoninterfaceandcontrol
• Unitstooptimizeperformancelocallyand/orincoordination• Scalable,generic,distributed,risk-awareoperationframework• Forecast,procure,respondandadapt
• Validateefficacyinsimulationenvironment&actualtestbed• Extensiveanalysisandbenchmarkingonmultipleplatforms• Cyber-securityassessment• Test-bedof10unitsinanactualcoopnetwork
BroadProjectObjectives
energy.gov/sunshotenergy.gov/sunshotSHINESKickoffMeeting2016 11
• KeyProjectProducts• Testbedconsistingoffeederwith10solarandstoragecombinations
includingcommunicationcapabilityamongthesedevices• Mathematicalformulationofdistributedalgorithmfortheoptimal
coordinationofPVsystems,distributedstorageanddemandsidemanagementparticipantsanditsimplemenationintestbed
• MajorOutcomes:• Pathwaytowardsefficientintegrationofupto100%solargeneration
atafeederbythemeansofdistributedcoordinationofflexibledemandandstorage
• FunctioningtestbedfordistributedalgorithmsforthecoordinationofPV,storageandflexibledemand
AnticipatedOutcomes
energy.gov/sunshotenergy.gov/sunshotSHINESKickoffMeeting2016 12
• DistributedControlMethodology• DesignandDevelopmentofDistributedResourceCoordinationand
ControlMethodology(Years1,2)• SoftwareImplementationofAlgorithms(Years1,2)• CybersecurityAssurance(Years1,2,3)
• TestbedDevelopment• InstallationofPhysicalComponentsandTest-bedSetup(Years1,2)• PerformanceTestinginTest-bed(Years2,3)
• FunctionalandEconomicAssessmentandOptimization• ValueofSolar(Years2,3)• ValueofStorage(Years2,3)• EnergyStorageSub-SystemandFullSystemAssessmentandControl
Optimization(Years2,3)
ProjectPlan
energy.gov/sunshotenergy.gov/sunshotSHINESKickoffMeeting2016 13
DistributedControlMethodologyDevelopment
energy.gov/sunshotenergy.gov/sunshotSHINESKickoffMeeting2016 14
Subtasks1. ModelingofCost/Objective
• Objectivefunctionoftheoptimizationproblem2. ModelingofConstraints(OperationalandUncertainty)
• Componentoperationconstraints,e.g.min/maxinverterpower• Networkconstraints,e.g.lineloadinglimits
3. FormulationofIterativeDistributedControl• Employoptimizationalgorithmtotheproblem
4. PerformanceAnalysisandReal-timeGuarantees• Benchmarkingofconvergenceandtimecomplexity
5. SimulationofTest-bed
Task1:DesignandDevelopmentofDistributedResourceCoordinationandControlMethodology
energy.gov/sunshotenergy.gov/sunshotSHINESKickoffMeeting2016 15
Subtasks1. NetworkDesign
• Assessmentofcandidatefeedersfortestbedimplementation2. ImplementationofCodeonEmbeddedSiteControllerand
Communication• Validateperformanceofoperationframeworkinsimulation• Validateperformanceofoperationframeworkinsitu
3. WriteHostProgramtoCollectandFormatData
Task2:SoftwareImplementationofAlgorithms
energy.gov/sunshotenergy.gov/sunshotSHINESKickoffMeeting2016 16
Subtasks1. SecurityDesign
• Analysisofcyber-securityconcernsandsuggestedmeasures2. SecureSoftwareTesting
• Testingcyber-securityperformanceofdevelopedframework3. SystemandIn-SituTesting
• Cyber-securitytestingonthetest-bedimplementation
Task3:FormulationofIterativeDistributedControl
energy.gov/sunshotenergy.gov/sunshotSHINESKickoffMeeting2016 18
Subtasks1. IdentificationofSuitableFeeder
• Promoteprojecttocandidatecoopfeeders2. Design/SizingofDevices
• Determiningexactlythecomponentsofeachunit3. InitialDeploymentandValidation
• Assessmentofunitcomponents(inter-)operability4. FullDeploymentandValidation
• Unitfine-tuningbasedoncostassessmentandfinalinstallation
Task4:InstallationofPhysicalComponentsandTest-bedSetup
energy.gov/sunshotenergy.gov/sunshotSHINESKickoffMeeting2016 19
Subtasks1. DesignofDefaultOperation
• Strictlylocaloperationaccordingtocurrentpractice2. NormalOperation
• Assessmentassumingnocommunicationfailure3. PerformanceunderCommunicationFailure
• Assessmentoffail-safemechanisms4. AdjustmentsinAlgorithm
• FinetuningaccordingtoaforementionedassessmentintheTask
Task5:PerformanceTestinginTest-bed
energy.gov/sunshotenergy.gov/sunshotSHINESKickoffMeeting2016 20
InitialABC4PVUnitSetupandTesting:Aquion
energy.gov/sunshotenergy.gov/sunshotSHINESKickoffMeeting2016 21
Testbedequipment:Aquion
SystemPowerBlockDiagram
energy.gov/sunshotenergy.gov/sunshotSHINESKickoffMeeting2016 22
Subtasks1. AnalysisofPerformanceandApplicationsData
• Assessmentofbatterydataandcomparisontolifetimemodel2. FollowonTesting/Analysis
• Updatecontroldependingonaforementionedassessment3. Techno-economicModelingofSub-systemandSystem-level
Performance• All-inclusiveandconclusivetechno-economicassessmentof
theproject
Task6:EnergyStorageSub-SystemandFullSystemAssessmentandControlOptimization