Agenda Standards Committee Process Subcommittee … Committee... · B. Li presented a project to revise the current Standard Authorization Request (SAR) form. Proposal is to develop

Agenda Standards Committee Process Subcommittee Conference Call August 17, 2016 | 2:30 p.m. – 3:30 p.m. Eastern Dial-in: 1-866-740-1260 | Access Code: 5153394 | Security Code: 081716 Click here for: Webinar Access Introduction and Chair’s Remarks NERC Antitrust Compliance Guidelines and Public Announcement* Agenda Items

1. Review Meeting Agenda and Objectives

2. Consent Agenda - (Approve)

a. June 14, 2016 Standards Committee Process Subcommittee (SCPS) Meeting Notes*

3. NERC Standard Processes Manual (SPM) Revision Project Update - (P. Heidrich)

4. Review of SAR Form and Development of Common Questions* Update - (B. Li)

5. SCPS Work Plan* (Discussion)

a. SCPS Activities - (P. Heidrich)

i. Project Assignments

ii. Conceptual Projects

6. Review of the Standards Resource Document list* - (L. Oelker)

a. Drafting Team Reference Manual – Version 3 (Update)

7. SBS Enhancements Update* - (W. Muller)

8. Communication with Industry - (P. Heidrich)

9. Items Slated for Presentation at Next Standards Committee Meeting (September 14, 2016) - (P. Heidrich)

a. Revisions to the NERC Standard Processes Manual (SPM) - Project Update

10. Review of Actions/Assignments – (J. Mallory)

11. Future Meetings

a. Meetings in coordination with Standards Committee:

https://cc.readytalk.com/r/s32qplk70klx&eom

i. September 13, 2016 (1:00 p.m. - 5:00 p.m.) San Francisco, CA

ii. December 13, 2016 (1:00 p.m. - 5:00 p.m.) Atlanta GA

b. Interim Conference Call:

i. September 28, 2016 - 1:00 p.m. - 4:00 p.m. Eastern

12. Adjourn

*Background materials included.

Agenda – Standards Committee Process Subcommittee Meeting – August 17, 2016 2

Antitrust Compliance Guidelines I. General It is NERC’s policy and practice to obey the antitrust laws and to avoid all conduct that unreasonably restrains competition. This policy requires the avoidance of any conduct that violates, or that might appear to violate, the antitrust laws. Among other things, the antitrust laws forbid any agreement between or among competitors regarding prices, availability of service, product design, terms of sale, division of markets, allocation of customers or any other activity that unreasonably restrains competition. It is the responsibility of every NERC participant and employee who may in any way affect NERC’s compliance with the antitrust laws to carry out this commitment. Antitrust laws are complex and subject to court interpretation that can vary over time and from one court to another. The purpose of these guidelines is to alert NERC participants and employees to potential antitrust problems and to set forth policies to be followed with respect to activities that may involve antitrust considerations. In some instances, the NERC policy contained in these guidelines is stricter than the applicable antitrust laws. Any NERC participant or employee who is uncertain about the legal ramifications of a particular course of conduct or who has doubts or concerns about whether NERC’s antitrust compliance policy is implicated in any situation should consult NERC’s General Counsel immediately. II. Prohibited Activities Participants in NERC activities (including those of its committees and subgroups) should refrain from the following when acting in their capacity as participants in NERC activities (e.g., at NERC meetings, conference calls and in informal discussions):

• Discussions involving pricing information, especially margin (profit) and internal cost information and participants’ expectations as to their future prices or internal costs.

• Discussions of a participant’s marketing strategies.

• Discussions regarding how customers and geographical areas are to be divided among competitors.

• Discussions concerning the exclusion of competitors from markets.

• Discussions concerning boycotting or group refusals to deal with competitors, vendors or suppliers.

NERC Antitrust Compliance Guidelines 2

• Any other matters that do not clearly fall within these guidelines should be reviewed with NERC’s General Counsel before being discussed.

III. Activities That Are Permitted From time to time decisions or actions of NERC (including those of its committees and subgroups) may have a negative impact on particular entities and thus in that sense adversely impact competition. Decisions and actions by NERC (including its committees and subgroups) should only be undertaken for the purpose of promoting and maintaining the reliability and adequacy of the bulk power system. If you do not have a legitimate purpose consistent with this objective for discussing a matter, please refrain from discussing the matter during NERC meetings and in other NERC-related communications. You should also ensure that NERC procedures, including those set forth in NERC’s Certificate of Incorporation, Bylaws, and Rules of Procedure are followed in conducting NERC business. In addition, all discussions in NERC meetings and other NERC-related communications should be within the scope of the mandate for or assignment to the particular NERC committee or subgroup, as well as within the scope of the published agenda for the meeting. No decisions should be made nor any actions taken in NERC activities for the purpose of giving an industry participant or group of participants a competitive advantage over other participants. In particular, decisions with respect to setting, revising, or assessing compliance with NERC reliability standards should not be influenced by anti-competitive motivations. Subject to the foregoing restrictions, participants in NERC activities may discuss:

• Reliability matters relating to the bulk power system, including operation and planning matters such as establishing or revising reliability standards, special operating procedures, operating transfer capabilities, and plans for new facilities.

• Matters relating to the impact of reliability standards for the bulk power system on electricity markets, and the impact of electricity market operations on the reliability of the bulk power system.

• Proposed filings or other communications with state or federal regulatory authorities or other governmental entities.

Matters relating to the internal governance, management and operation of NERC, such as nominations for vacant committee positions, budgeting and assessments, and employment matters; and procedural matters such as planning and scheduling meetings.

Public Announcements

Conference call: Participants are reminded that this conference call is public. The access number was posted on the NERC website and widely distributed. Speakers on the call should keep in mind that the listening audience may include members of the press and representatives of various governmental authorities, in addition to the expected participation by industry stakeholders.

Meeting Notes Standards Committee Process Subcommittee Meeting June 14, 2016 | 1:00 p.m. – 5:00 p.m. Central Introduction and Chair’s Remarks Standards Committee Process Subcommittee (SCPS or Subcommittee) Chair P. Heidrich called to order a duly noticed meeting on June 14, 2016 at 1:00 p.m. Central. The SCPS member attendance sheet is attached hereto as Attachment 1. NERC Antitrust Compliance Guidelines and Public Announcement M. Bunch called attention to the NERC Antitrust Compliance Guidelines and announced that the meeting was public. Agenda Items

Review Meeting Agenda and Objective

The SCPS unanimously voted to remove items 1 and 4 from the agenda.

Consent Agenda

The SCPS unanimously approved the May 23, 2016 Meeting Notes with non-substantive changes.

NERC Standard Processes Manual (SPM) Revision Project

Review Proposed Revisions to Section 6: Processes for Conducting Field Tests and Collecting and Analyzing Data

P. Heidrich and H. Gugel reviewed the proposed changes with several SCPS members seeking additional clarity on project scope. Discussion was held regarding the nature of Section 6 and its nature of intent to specify the “what” of field tests rather than the “how” (manner in which field tests are to be conducted). Some members noted that taking this approach would allow the Standards Committee (SC) to change the process more easily without the need of modifying the NERC Rules of Procedure. B Li addressed his concerns with who has the authority to conduct field tests and noted that adding too many specifics would not be beneficial, given their rarity and case-by-case nature. Other non-substantive edits were made as reflected in the most current redline version of the document. Other discussion was held regarding Compliance Waivers and their need to be brought to the Board of Trustees.

The Subcommittee and NERC staff ultimately reached a consensus, and the next step is to receive consensus from the NERC standing committee leadership.

Review Proposed Revisions to Section 11: Process for Approving Supporting Documents

The Subcommittee held a high-level discussion on the fundamental aspects of Section 11 of the SPM, noting the ultimate goals of seeking clarity regarding its application to standard drafting teams as well as addressing the section not to be used as a means to create compliance guidance.

Agenda Item 2a Standards Committee Process Subcommittee August 17, 2016

SCPS Work Plan - SCPS Activities

P. Heidrich reviewed and discussed the current SCPS Work Plan. SCPS Work Plan - Conceptual Projects

B. Li presented a project to revise the current Standard Authorization Request (SAR) form. Proposal is to develop a scope document to review the SAR form and propose generic questions for the SAR comment form for July 20, 2016 SC endorsement of Project Scope. P. Heidrich noted that this would be a timely project.

The SCPS unanimously approved the motion requesting SC endorsement of the SCPS Project Scope.

Review of the Standards Resource Document list

Standards Committee - Procedure for Rapid Revision

E. Skiba noted that this document has minimal language changes. J. Bussman made a motion to retire; S. Rueckert seconded. SCPS members discussed that this procedure has become obsolete. G. Zito agreed and added that the new standards development project has eliminated the need for this document, thus its retirement is necessary. L. Oelker to work with J. Bussman to draft one-pager with sufficient rationale by June 29th.

The SCPS unanimously approved the motion requesting SC endorsement of the retirement of the Procedure for Rapid Revision; B. Li abstained.

Drafting Team Reference Manual – Version 3

J. Bussman made the motion to endorse with additional edits; Andy seconded.

The SCPS unanimously approved the motion to approve the edited Drafting Team Reference Manual.

Communication with Industry

P. Heidrich gave a brief update on communication with industry.

Items Slated for Presentation at Next Standards Committee Meeting (June 15, 2016)

• Revisions to the NERC Standard Processes Manual (SPM) - Project Update

• SCPS Membership Selections – Notification

• Communication Facilitation Project Report – Information Only

• Consensus Building and SAR Development Guidance Document for endorsement.

Review of Actions/Assignments

M. Bunch reviewed action items and assignments from the meeting.

Adjourn

P. Heidrich thanked the members and adjourned the meeting at approximately 5:35 p.m. Central.

Meeting Notes – Standards Committee Process Subcommittee Meeting – June 14, 2016 2

Attendance Sheet Standards Committee Process Subcommittee June 14, 2016

Term Participant Entity Present (Y/N)

2016–17 Peter Heidrich (Chair) Florida Reliability Coordinating Council

Y

2016–17 P.S. (Ben) Li (Vice Chair) Ben Li Associates, Inc. Y

2016–17 Brian Buckley Tampa Electric Co. N

2015–16 John Bussman AECI Y

2016–17 Randy Crissman New York Power Authority Y

2015–16 Jennifer Flandermeyer Kansas City Power & Light (KCP&L) Y

2015–16 Linn Oelker LG&E and KU Y

2015–16 Andrew Pusztai American Transmission Company Y

2015–16 Steve Rueckert Western Electricity Coordinating Council Y

2016–17 Ed Skiba MISO Y

2015–16 Jason Smith Southwest Power Pool Y

N/A Mat Bunch NERC Y

N/A Lauren Perotti NERC Y

N/A Steve Noess NERC Y

N/A Howard Gugel NERC Y

N/A Monica Bales NERC Y

N/A Andrew Wills NERC Y

N/A Wendy Mueller NERC Y

Term Participant Entity Present (Y/N)

N/A Wendy Mueller NERC Y

N/A Chris Gowder Florida Municipal Power Agency Y

N/A Rachel Coyne Texas Reliability Entity Y

N/A Ron Sporsen Bonneville Power Administration Y

N/A Guy Zito NPCC Y

N/A Ruida Shu NPCC Y

Attendance Sheet Standards Committee Process Subcommittee | June 14, 2016 2

Agenda Item 4 Standards Committee Process Subcommittee August 17, 2016

SCPS Project Scope Document

Review of Standards Authorization Request (SAR) Form and Development of Common Questions

Need for Project The Standards Committee (SC) has identified a need to review, and revise as appropriate, the Standards Authorization Request (SAR) Form to reflect the latest information on reliability and market interface principles and functional entities’ registration requirements. There is also a perceived need to develop a set of common questions to better assist the collection of stakeholder opinions on the need and scope of proposed standards development projects. This information will provide a tool for use by the SC to either accept or reject a SAR and initiate a standard drafting project. Project Scope Statement The objective of this project is to review the SAR and related comment form, and propose recommendations to the SC on:

a. Revisions and/or modifications to the SAR Form,

b. Explore the merit of developing certain common questions for the comment form for SAR posting.

To accomplish these objectives, the Standards Committee Process Subcommittee (SCPS) will, collaboratively with representatives from the Project Management and Oversight Subcommittee (PMOS) and NERC staff:

• Review the content and format of the existing SAR Form;

• Propose modifications to the SAR form where appropriate to reflect the latest information on reliability and market interface needs and functional entities’ registration requirements and to facilitate ease of providing information related to the proposed scope and technical basis;

• Explore the merit of developing a set of common questions for inclusion in the SAR comment form to assist in the collection of stakeholder opinions on the need and scope of proposed standard development projects.

Upon achieving consensus with PMOS and NERC staff, the SCPS will present:

• The revised SAR Form to the SC for its endorsement of next steps;

• The proposed list of common questions, if developed, to the SC for its endorsement of next steps.

Resources A small team comprised of several SCPS members, PMOS members and NERC Standards and Legal staff will be assembled to complete this project in a timely manner. The project is expected to last approximately six months, with an expected start in July 2016 and end in December 2016, pending SC approval of this scope document.

SCPS Work Plan Activities Document--August 10, 2016

Standards Committee Process Subcommittee Work Plan (SC Endorsed Project Scopes)

Task General Scope of Task Task Initiated

Target Completion

Status/Remarks

1. Cost of Risk Reduction Analysis (CRRA)

Team Lead: TBD

Pete Heidrich

Randy Crissman

Steven Rueckert

Guy Zito (consulting)

To conduct CEAP pilots via:

a. Conducting the CEA portion of the CEAP on the second project of the pilot. The Team will develop a report for the SC and the Industry.

b. Proposing a list of standards development projects to conduct the CEAP on along with potential criteria for choosing projects for 2014 and beyond and bring these to the SC for endorsement

c. Revise the current CEAP guideline document into a second generation document to reflect lessons learned during the pilot and to address potential “benefits” of standard projects and bring to the SC for endorsement.

Task was initiated prior to use of scope documents

April 2012 a)March 2014 SC Meeting

b)August 2014 SC Meeting

c)September 2015 SC Meeting

a) Completed

b) Complete (note: proposal submitted to NERC staff in lieu of SC)

c) On hold pending Cost Effectiveness Pilot project and results.

In progress

Scope of the project was revised to reflect a Cost of Risk Reduction Analysis (CRRA) approach. Endorsed at Sept. 23, 2015 Standards Committee meeting.

SCPS continue working with Standards Leadership to evaluate this item and determine next steps.

A draft document has been presented to H. Gugel for review. The MRC may need to review some of the issues


mailto:[email protected]






Target Completion

Status/Remarks

contained within the document. H. Gugel stated that the NERC Board and others may request input from the MRC, and that NERC staff is currently working to determine the mechanism by which this should occur.

UPDATE: Michelle D’Antuono has assumed the role of Project Liaison to coordinate efforts between NERC staff and the SCPS.

Project is ‘on hold’ pending the results of the Cost Effectiveness Pilot project and a determination is made on the future role of the SCPS concerning ‘pilot’ results analysis and process development.

2. Communication Facilitation Project

Team Lead: Jennifer Flandermeyer

John Bussman

Task encompasses both ballot pool members communicating with each other and SC members communicating with members in their segment

July, 2015 June, 2016 Proposed recommendation to the SCPS for authorization at the May 23, 2016 conference call. The motion to approve was unanimously approved.




Target Completion

Status/Remarks

Ed Skiba

Andrew Wills (NERC Legal)

UPDATE: SCPS has determined that no action should be taken in response to the recommendation to further establish mechanisms for communication among ballot pool members and communication among SC members in the same Registered Ballot Body Segments. Findings presented to the SC at the June 15th meeting.

SC July 20th Meeting: SC endorsement of project termination.

3. Revisions to NERC Standard Processes Manual (SPM)

a. Section 6: Processes for Conducting Field Tests and Collecting and Analyzing Data

b. Section 7: Process for Developing an Interpretation

6.a. Develop and propose recommendations to the SC for revisions and/or modifications to the SC Charter Section 10 and Section 6 of the Standards Processes Manual (SPM), which will address the coordination and oversight involvements of the NERC technical committees.

6.b. Develop and propose recommendations to the SC for revisions and/or modifications to the Interpretation

July, 2015 Feb., 2017 Overall project plan will be presented to the SC at the March, 2016 meeting for informational purposes.

UPDATE:

Section 6: Processes for Conducting Field Tests and Collecting and Analyzing Data




Target Completion

Status/Remarks

c. Section 11.0: Process for Approving Supporting Documents

Team Lead: Pete Heidrich

John Bussman

Ben Li

Jennifer Flandermeyer

Andy Pusztai

Steve Rueckert

Jason Smith

Chris Gowder

Sean Bodkin

Guy Zito (consulting)

Andrew Wills (NERC Legal)

Lauren Perotti (NERC Legal)

Ryan Stewart (NERC Standards)

Sean Cavote (NERC)

Steve Crutchfield (NERC)

Process in Section 7 of the SPM which will improve the effectiveness and efficiency of (i) validation of a request for Interpretation (RFI), and (ii) development of an interpretation of an approved Reliability Standard or individual Requirement(s) within an approved Reliability Standard.

6.c. Develop and propose recommendations to the SC for revisions and/or modifications to the Technical Document Approval Process in Section 11 of the SPM.

• Proposed ‘redline’ currently being vetted by NERC staff.

Section 11: Process for Approving Supporting Documents


Section 7: Process Developing an interpretation


Project team met with NERC staff and technical committee leaderships to gain consensus on Section 6 (08/05/16).




Target Completion

Status/Remarks

4. SAR Submittal Form/SAR Comment Form (Common Question Development)

Team Lead: Ben Li

Chris Gowder

Andy Pusztai

Ron Sporseen

Sean Bodkin

Insert scope language July 2016 TBD Project Scope endorsed at July 20 SC meeting.

Standards Committee Process Subcommittee 2014 Work Plan (Conceptual Project Stage-No Scope or Endorsement)

Proposed Task General Scope of Task Presented to SC for Project

Initiation

Scope, Development

Initiated

SC Approval of Scope *

Status/Remarks

*Upon approval of project Scope, the project will be moved to the “Standards Committee Process Subcommittee Work Plan (SC Endorsed Project Scopes) section.

Resources for StandardsToday is: June 1, 2016

Approved by SC December 9, 2015

DT Ref Manual? DOCUMENT TITLE DOCUMENT OWNER Document Last RevisedAge of Document (in

Months)Periodic review

frequency (months):Party responsible for periodic review

and proposed updates:Overdue by (months): Notes / Comments

Y Standard Drafting Team ScopeSTANDARDS COMMITTEE (SC) May 16, 2014 25 24 SCPS 1

Y Acceptance Criteria of a Reliability StandardSTANDARDS COMMITTEE (SC) May 16, 2014 25 24 SCPS 1

Y SC Procedure ‐ Processing Requests for an InterpretationSTANDARDS COMMITTEE (SC) December 9, 2014 18 24 SCPS CURRENT

YStandards Committee Procedure ‐ Approving the Posting of Reliability Standard Supporting References

STANDARDS COMMITTEE (SC) December 9, 2014 18 24 SCPS CURRENT

N Approving Errata in an Approved Reliability StandardSTANDARDS COMMITTEE (SC) December 9, 2014 18 24 SCPS CURRENT

NStandards Committee Procedure ‐ NERC Glossary of Terms Used in Reliability Standards Definition Development Procedure

STANDARDS COMMITTEE (SC) December 9, 2014 18 24 SCPS CURRENT

N Standards Committee CharterSTANDARDS COMMITTEE (SC) December 9, 2014 18 24 SCPS CURRENT

Document had been approved by SC 12/9/2014.SCPS reviewing as discussed in 3/8/16 SCPS meeting

N Reliability Standard Quality Review Form STANDARDS COMMITTEE (SC) September 23, 2015 8 24 SCPS CURRENT Endorsed by the SC 9/23/2015

NNERC NAESB Template Procedure for Joint Standard Development And Coordination

STANDARDS COMMITTEE (SC) February 22, 2006 123 24 SCPS 99

SCPS team / NERC staff question ownership 5/26/16SCPS reviewing as discussed in 3/8/16 SCPS meeting

YStandards Committee Guideline ‐ Approving a Field Test Associated with a Reliability Standard

STANDARDS COMMITTEE (SC) March 10, 2008 99 24 SCPS 75

Document not finalized during phase I due to objection by the Operating Committee.3/8/16 SCPS ‐ This document will be retired after SPM changes and will require SC approval to retire.

Y Reliability Functional Model Function Definitions and Functional EntitiesSTANDARDS COMMITTEE (SC) November 30, 2009 78 24 FMAG 54 Being reviewed by FMAG as noted in 3/8/16 SCPS meeting

N Rapid Revision ProcedureSTANDARDS COMMITTEE (SC) June 5, 2013 36 24 SCPS 12

SCPS reviewing as discussed in 3/8/16 SCPS meetingWebsite link titled Standards Committee Procedure for Rapid Revision

Y Guidelines for Interpretation Drafting TeamsSTANDARDS COMMITTEE (SC) September 19, 2013 33 24 SCPS 9 3/8/16 SCPS meeting ‐ this document being reviewed with SPM revisions project.

N Drafting Team Reference ManualSTANDARDS COMMITTEE (SC) January 7, 2014 29 24 SCPS 5

SCPS reviewing as discussed in 3/8/16 SCPS meetingPosted version indicates updated May 19, 2014 by NERC Staff to Coordinate with NERC Drafting Team Resources posting.

N Guidance Document for Management of Remanded InterpretationsSTANDARDS COMMITTEE (SC) April 9, 2014 26 24 SCPS 2

Y1

NERC Drafting Team Resources ‐ Companion Document to DT Reference Manual (POSTED 2/2/2015) Standards Staff December 9, 2014 18 N/A Standards Staff N/A

This document is a conglomoration of individual documents with individual review periods and in of itself does not need a periodic review.

Y Violation Severity Level Guidelines Standards Staff NONE UNKNOWN 24 Standards Staff N/AY FERCs Criteria for Approving Reliability Standards from Order 672 Standards Staff May 16, 2014 25 24 Standards Staff 1Y NERC Standards Numbering System Standards Staff September 30, 2014 20 24 Standards Staff CURRENTN NERC Standards Numbering System ‐ NEW Standards Staff September 30, 2014 20 24 Standards Staff CURRENTN SAR Form Identifying the Need for a Variance Standards Staff September 10, 2014 21 24 Standards Staff CURRENTN Weighted Segment Voting Examples Standards Staff November 4, 2009 79 24 Standards Staff 55Y Time Horizons Standards Staff 1/28/2010 76 24 Standards Staff 52Y Violation Risk Factors Standards Staff 1/28/2010 76 24 Standards Staff 52Y Ten Benchmarks of an Excellent Reliability Standard Standards Staff 3/16/2010 75 24 Standards Staff 51Y Market Principles Standards Staff March 18, 2010 75 24 Standards Staff 51Y Reliability Principles Standards Staff March 18, 2010 75 24 Standards Staff 51N Results‐Based Reliability Standard Development Guidance Standards Staff June 7, 2010 72 24 Standards Staff 48N Request for Interpretation Form Standards Staff April 22, 2011 61 24 Standards Staff 37N Reliability Standards Suggestions and Comments Form Standards Staff June 1, 2011 60 24 Standards Staff 36N Request to Develop a Definition Form Standards Staff July 13, 2011 59 24 Standards Staff 35Y Standards Development Process ‐ Participant Conduct Policy Standards Staff May 20, 2013 37 24 Standards Staff 13N Standards Authorization Request Form Standards Staff June 3, 2013 36 24 Standards Staff 12Y Nomination Form Standard Drafting Team Standards Staff January 28, 2014 28 24 NERC STAFF? 4

N Standards Drafting Team Nomination Form Standards Staff January 28, 2014 28 24 NERC STAFF? 4 Also listed as a DT Reference manual resource as Nomination Form Standard Drafting Team

Agemda Item 6Standards Committee Process SubcommitteeAugust 17, 2016

Standards Balloting and Commenting System (SBS) Enhancements Wendy Muller, Specialist, Standards Development August 17, 2016


Overview of 2016 SBS Enhancements

• Ability for user to vote, delegate proxy rights, and join ballots and ballot pools from the “View Ballot Events” page

• All current references to the term “Survey(s)” will be replaced with the term “Comment(s)”

• Ability for user to proceed directly to Social Survey (real‐time commenting page) without first having to provide comments

• Ability for user to sort and filter when selecting group members

2 RELIABILITY | ACCOUNTABILITY

Overview of 2016 SBS Enhancements

• Voters/proxies will no longer be prompted to confirm negative votes (opinions) for Non‐binding Polls

• The system will return to user’s selected sorting view instead of reverting back to the default view


Timeline and Next Steps

• NERC is in the process of reviewing the contract and pulling together a schedule for deployment

• The enhancements are expected to be rolled out late October/early November 2016

• After deployment, a webinar will be scheduled to review and demonstrate the enhancements to the industry
