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I will understand why Europeans wanted to I will understand why Europeans wanted to explore to other areas of the world & what explore to other areas of the world & what helped them get there.helped them get there.
Motivated by Christian faith and a desire for profit Europeans want to explore distant lands. Caravel, a small, light ship with
triangular sails.
3 Reasons Europeans Seek New Trade Routes
God Expand Christian religions – mainly Catholic
Glory increase patriotism and popularity
Gold find new sources of wealth
Technology Makes Exploration Possible• In 1400s, the caravel makes it possible to sail
against wind caravel = ocean going ship with triangular sails
• Astrolabe = use sun & stars for navigation• Magnetic compass - improves tracking of direction
The Portuguese Explore Africa• Prince Henry (the Navigator) supports exploration
starts navigation school • have trading posts along west coast of Africa
1488, Bartholomew Diaz sails around southern tip of Africa
A Rival Power - SPAIN• In 1492, Christopher Columbus sails for Spain• Convinces Spanish to support plan to reach Asia
by sailing west• Reaches the Americas instead• Opens Americas to exploration and colonization• In 1493, pope divides these lands between Spain
and Portugal – Line of Demarcation• Agreement formalized by Treaty of Tordesillas
in 1494
Back to Portugal
• Portugal sends an emissary to east coast of Africa to set up friendly relations• In 1498, Vasco da Gama sails to India• In 1499, da Gama returns to Portugal with valuable cargo
Portugal’s Trading Empire• In 1509, Portugal defeats Muslims, takes over
Indian Ocean trade• In 1510, Portugal captures Goa, port city in
western India• In 1511, Portugal seizes Malacca, on Malay
Peninsula• These gains break Muslim-Italian hold on Asian
trade through the Mediterranean Sea
Other Nations Challenge the Portuguese• English and Dutch begin moving into Asia in 17th century• Dutch have more ships (20,000) than any other
nation in 1600• Dutch and English weaken Portuguese control of
Asian trade• Dutch then overpower English• Form Dutch East India Company for Asian trade
European Trade Outposts• In 1619, Dutch set up trade headquarters at
Batavia, on Java• Dutch also control southern tip of Africa• Throughout 1600s, Dutch trade grows making Amsterdam (Dutch capital) a wealthy city
• England’s East India Company & France gain strength in India
continued Trading Empires in the Indian Ocean
Hernando CortesHernando Cortes Personal BackgroundPersonal Background
• born in Medellin, Spain in 1485born in Medellin, Spain in 1485• Went to law schoolWent to law school• Wanted to be a conquistadorWanted to be a conquistador• 1504 joined expedition to New World1504 joined expedition to New World
Country RepresentedCountry Represented• SpainSpain
Goals of the ExplorerGoals of the Explorer• Wanted to be a conquistadorWanted to be a conquistador• Looking for goldLooking for gold• Conquer the AztecsConquer the Aztecs
Goals of the Explorer’s PatronGoals of the Explorer’s Patron• Want goldWant gold• Want new landWant new land• Different goods to tradeDifferent goods to trade
Ships/SuppliesShips/Supplies• 11 ships, 500 soldiers, 13 horses and cannons11 ships, 500 soldiers, 13 horses and cannons• Additional men and horsesAdditional men and horses
RouteRoute• Spain Spain Trinidad Trinidad Cuba Cuba Yucatan Peninsula Yucatan Peninsula
Tabasco Tabasco San Juan de Ulau San Juan de Ulau Tenochtitlan Tenochtitlan Cuba Cuba TenochtitlanTenochtitlan
HardshipsHardships• Rough terrainRough terrain• Sailors want to go backSailors want to go back• Conflicts with nativesConflicts with natives• Not used to weatherNot used to weather• Not enough weaponsNot enough weapons
Contact with NativesContact with Natives• Beginning = mean/roughBeginning = mean/rough• Middle = threateningMiddle = threatening• End = friendly/scared – Montezuma diesEnd = friendly/scared – Montezuma dies
Time FrameTime Frame• 1511 - 15221511 - 1522
ResultsResults• Goals were metGoals were met
Spain Also Makes Claims
A Rival Power - SPAIN• In 1492, Christopher Columbus sails for Spain• Convinces Spanish to support plan to reach Asia
by sailing west• Reaches the Americas instead• Opens Americas to exploration and colonization• In 1493, pope divides these lands between Spain
and Portugal – Line of Demarcation• Agreement formalized by Treaty of Tordesillas
in 1494
Back to Portugal
• Portugal sends an emissary to east coast of Africa to set up friendly relations• In 1498, Vasco da Gama sails to India• In 1499, da Gama returns to Portugal with valuable cargo
Trading Empires in the Indian Ocean
Portugal’s Trading Empire• In 1509, Portugal defeats Muslims, takes over
Indian Ocean trade• In 1510, Portugal captures Goa, port city in
western India• In 1511, Portugal seizes Malacca, on Malay
Peninsula• These gains break Muslim-Italian hold on Asian
trade through the Mediterranean Sea
Other Nations Challenge the Portuguese• English and Dutch begin moving into Asia in 17th century• Dutch have more ships (20,000) than any other
nation in 1600• Dutch and English weaken Portuguese control of
Asian trade• Dutch then overpower English• Form Dutch East India Company for Asian trade
continued Trading Empires in the Indian Ocean
European Trade Outposts• In 1619, Dutch set up trade headquarters at
Batavia, on Java• Dutch also control southern tip of Africa• Throughout 1600s, Dutch trade grows making Amsterdam (Dutch capital) a wealthy city
• England’s East India Company & France gain strength in India
continued Trading Empires in the Indian Ocean
I will understand why I will understand why Europeans wanted to explore Europeans wanted to explore to other areas of the world & to other areas of the world & what helped them get there.what helped them get there.
GOALSGOALS
SpainSpain: :
FranceFrance: :
EnglandEngland::
LOCATION EXPLOREDLOCATION EXPLORED
SpainSpain::
FranceFrance: :
EnglandEngland::
CONTACT WITH THE NATIVESCONTACT WITH THE NATIVES
SpainSpain: :
FranceFrance: :
EnglandEngland::
RESULTSRESULTS
SpainSpain::
FranceFrance: :
EnglandEngland::
Similarities Similarities GOALSGOALS Differences Differences
Similarities Similarities LOCATIONLOCATION Differences Differences
Goals Achieved? How do you know?Goals Achieved? How do you know?
SpainSpain::
FranceFrance::
EnglandEngland::