AGB 260: AGRIBUSINESS INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY BASIC OPERATORS AND FUNCTIONS

AGB 260: AGRIBUSINESS INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY

BASIC OPERATORS AND FUNCTIONS

USEFUL CHAPTERS IN THE TEXTBOOK REGARDING THIS

LECTURE• CHAPTER 10: INTRODUCING FORMULAS AND FUNCTIONS

• CHAPTER 11: CREATING FORMULAS THAT MANIPULATE TEXT

• CHAPTER 12: WORKING WITH DATES AND TIMES

• CHAPTER 13: CREATING FORMULAS THAT COUNT AND SUM

• MANY OF THE OTHER FUNCTIONS IN THIS CHAPTER ARE SCATTERED THROUGHOUT THE BOOK.

FORMULAS IN EXCEL AND BASIC OPERATORS

• WHENEVER YOU ARE STARTING A FUNCTION OR A FORMULA IN EXCEL BY TYPING IT EITHER INTO THE FORMULA BAR OR DIRECTLY INTO THE CELL, YOU NEED TO PUT =, -, OR + SIGN IN FRONT OF IT.

• WHILE YOU CAN USE ANY OF THE THREE SIGNS, IT IS RECOMMENDED THAT YOU USE THE =.

• BASIC OPERATORS IN EXCEL:

• LOGICAL: =, >, <, >=, <=, <>

• MATHEMATICAL OPERATORS: +, -,*,/, ^ (FOR EXPONENTS),

• CONCATENATION OPERATOR: &

OPERATOR PRECEDENCE

• ( )

• ANYTHING IN PARENTHESIS IS EVALUATED FIRST

• *, /

• +, -

• &

• =, >,<, >=, >=

FORMULA EXAMPLES

• =1+2+3, =5*(4/2), =10^10

• =1=1, =(1=1)*5, =1=1*5

• =5&5, =A&2, =“A”&2

• =A1+A2, +A$1+$B$1

BASIC FUNCTIONS IN EXCEL

• A FUNCTION IN EXCEL IS A PREPROGRAMMED FORMULA THAT CONTAINS A SET OF ARGUMENTS

• A FUNCTION CAN HAVE NO ARGUMENTS, E.G., =RAND()

• ONE ARGUMENT, E.G., =SQRT(VALUE)

• A FIXED NUMBER OF ARGUMENTS, E.G., =IF(CONDITION,TRUE,FALSE)

• AN INDETERMINATE NUMBER OF ARGUMENTS, E.G., =SUM(VALUE 1, VALUE 2, …)

• AND/OR OPTIONAL ARGUMENTS E.G., =PMT(RATE,NPER,PV,[FV],[TYPE].

• ARGUMENTS ARE TYPICALLY SEPARATED BY COMMAS.

• WHENEVER AN ARGUMENT IS OPTIONAL, IT IS PLACED IN BRACKETS.

QUICK NOTE ON ARGUMENTS USING COLON (:)

• SUPPOSE YOU HAD THE FOLLOWING FUNCTION:

• =SUM(A1,A2,A3,A4,A5)

• ANOTHER WAY OF WRITING THIS IS TO PUT:

• =SUM(A1:A5)

• PUTTING A COLON BETWEEN A1 AND A5 TELLS EXCEL TO USE CELLS A1 THROUGH A5.

• A1:A5 IS KNOWN AS A RANGE OF CELLS.

• SUPPOSE YOU HAD THE FOLLOWING FUNCTION:

• =AVERAGE(A1,A2,B1,B2)

• ANOTHER WAY OF WRITING THIS IS TO PUT:

• =AVERAGE(A1:B2)

USEFUL FUNCTIONS FOR INITIAL DATA ANALYSIS

• =COUNT(VALUE1,[VALUE2],…)

• THIS COUNTS THE NUMBER OF CELLS IN A RANGE THAT ARE NUMBERS.

• =COUNTA(VALUE1,[VALUE2],…)

• THIS COUNTS THE NUMBER OF CELLS IN A RANGE THAT ARE NOT EMPTY.

• =COUNTBLANK(VALUE1,[VALUE2],…)

• THIS COUNTS THE NUMBER OF CELLS IN A RANGE THAT ARE EMPTY.

• =SUM(VALUE1,[VALUE2],…)

• ADDS ALL THE NUMBERS IN A RANGE OF CELLS.

• =SUMPRODUCT(ARRAY1,[ARRAY2],[ARRAY3],…)

• RETURNS THE SUM OF THE PRODUCTS.

USEFUL FUNCTIONS FOR INITIAL DATA ANALYSIS CONT.

• =MAX(NUMBER1,[NUMBER2],…)

• GIVES YOU THE LARGEST NUMBER IN A RANGE OF NUMBERS WHILE IGNORING LOGICAL VALUES AND TEXT.

• =LARGE(ARRAY,K)

• PROVIDES THE K-TH LARGEST VALUE IN A DATASET WHICH CAN BE KNOWN AS AN ARRAY.

• =MIN(NUMBER1,[NUMBER2],…)

• GIVES YOU THE SMALLEST NUMBER IN A RANGE OF NUMBERS WHILE IGNORING LOGICAL VALUES AND TEXT.

• =SMALL(ARRAY,K)

• PROVIDES THE K-TH SMALLEST VALUE IN A DATASET WHICH CAN BE KNOWN AS AN ARRAY.


• =RANK.AVG(NUMBER,REF,[ORDER])

• GIVES YOU THE RANKING OF A NUMBER FROM A SET OF REFERENCE NUMBERS WHERE IF TWO OR MORE NUMBERS TIE THEN IT WILL AVERAGE THEIR RANKINGS.

• ORDER IS AN OPTIONAL ARGUMENT SET TO 0 IF YOU WANT THE RANKING IN TERMS OF DESCENDING ORDER AND 1 IF YOU WANT THE ASCENDING ORDER.

• =RANK.EQ(NUMBER,REF,[ORDER])

• GIVES YOU THE RANKING OF A NUMBER FROM A SET OF REFERENCE NUMBERS WHERE IF TWO OR MORE NUMBERS TIE THEN IT WILL GIVE THEM THE SAME RANKING.

• ORDER IS AN OPTIONAL ARGUMENT.

• =RANK.EQ(NUMBER,REF,[ORDER])

• THIS IS A BACKWARDS COMPATIBLE FUNCTION FOR EXCEL 2007 AND BEFORE AND WORKS LIKE =RANK.EQ(NUMBER,REF,[ORDER]).


• =AVERAGE(VALUE1,[VALUE2],…)

• GIVES THE AVERAGE OF THE RANGE OF CELLS.

• =MEDIAN(VALUE1,[VALUE2],…)

• GIVES THE MEDIAN OF THE RANGE OF CELLS.

• =SQRT(NUMBER)

• RETURNS THE SQUARE ROOT OF A NUMBER.

• =CONCATENATE(TEXT1,[TEXT2],…)

• JOINS TEXT STRINGS TOGETHER.

• YOU CAN USE & IN MUCH THE SAME WAY.


• =TODAY()

• RETURNS THE CURRENT DATE.

• =DAY(SERIAL_NUMBER)

• RETURNS THE DAY OF THE MONTH FROM A GIVEN DATE.

• =MONTH(SERIAL_NUMBER)

• RETURNS THE MONTH FROM A GIVEN DATE IN TERMS OF A NUMBER FROM 1 TO 12.

• =YEAR(SERIAL_NUMBER)

• RETURNS THE YEAR FROM A GIVEN DATE.

• =DATE(YEAR,MONTH,DAY)

• RETURNS THE NUMBER THAT REPRESENTS A GIVEN DATE.


• =WEEKDAY(SERIAL_NUMBER,[RETURN_TYPE])

• THIS RETURNS A NUMBER FOR THE DAY OF THE WEEK, WHICH CAN BE CUSTOMIZED FOR WHAT THE NUMBER MEANS, E.G., 1=SUNDAY, 2 =MONDAY, ETC.

• =NETWORKDAYS(START_DATE,END_DATE,[HOLIDAYS])

• PROVIDES YOU WITH THE NUMBER OF WORKDAYS BETWEEN TO DATES WITH THE ABILITY TO CUSTOMIZE THE HOLIDAYS.


• =MOD(NUMBER,DIVISOR)

• RETURNS THE REMAINDER FROM DIVIDING A NUMBER BY A DIVISOR.

• HOW COULD THIS BE USEFUL TO YOU?

• =ROUND(NUMBER,NUM_DIGITS)

• ROUNDS A NUMBER TO A SPECIFIED NUMBER OF DIGITS.

• =ROUNDUP(NUMBER,NUM_DIGITS)

• ROUNDS A NUMBER TO A SPECIFIED NUMBER OF DIGITS AWAY FROM ZERO.

• =ROUNDDOWN(NUMBER,NUM_DIGITS)

• ROUNDS A NUMBER TO A SPECIFIED NUMBER OF DIGITS TOWARDS ZERO.


• =LEN(TEXT)

• THIS COUNTS THE NUMBER OF CHARACTERS IN A TEXT STRING.

• =LEFT(TEXT,[NUM_CHARS])

• RETURNS A DESIGNATED NUMBER OF CHARACTERS FROM THE BEGINNING OF A TEXT STRING, WITH THE DEFAULT BEING ONE.

• =RIGHT(TEXT,[NUM_CHARS])

• RETURNS A DESIGNATED NUMBER OF CHARACTERS FROM THE END OF A TEXT STRING, WITH THE DEFAULT BEING ONE.


• =VALUE(TEXT)

• CHANGES TEXT TO A NUMBER VALUE.

• =TEXT(VALUE,[FORMAT_TEXT])

• THIS TAKES A VALUE AND FORMATS IN A PARTICULAR STYLE OF TEXT.

• =ROW([REFERENCE])

• RETURNS THE ROW NUMBER OF A DESIGNATED CELL.

• IF IT IS LEFT EMPTY, THEN IT GIVES THE ROW NUMBER THAT THE FORMULA IS IN.

• =COLUMN([REFERENCE])

• RETURNS THE COLUMN NUMBER OF A DESIGNATED CELL.

• IF IT IS LEFT EMPTY, THEN IT GIVES THE ROW NUMBER THAT THE FORMULA IS IN.

INVESTIGATE FUNCTIONS USING CARRIER SURVEY

• OPEN CARRIERSURVEY-1-110310-CLASSEXAMPLE.XLSX

• IN CLASS WE WILL WORK THROUGH EXAMINING THIS SURVEY USING THE FUNCTIONS DISCUSSED ABOVE.

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AGB 260: AGRIBUSINESS INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY BASIC OPERATORS AND FUNCTIONS