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8/3/2019 African Music Power Point
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/african-music-power-point 1/21
African MusicAfrican Music
8/3/2019 African Music Power Point
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Map of the WorldMap of the World
8/3/2019 African Music Power Point
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Map of AfricaMap of Africa
8/3/2019 African Music Power Point
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African Music African Music
The influence of black African music isThe influence of black African music is
widespread, not only within communitieswidespread, not only within communities
of African heritage but across the world,of African heritage but across the world,having been brought to the Caribbean andhaving been brought to the Caribbean and
the Americas by the slave trade.the Americas by the slave trade.
8/3/2019 African Music Power Point
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What do you need to know about AfricanWhat do you need to know about African
music?music?
Understand what the following are:Understand what the following are:
-- Polyrhythmic texturePolyrhythmic texture
-- Call and ResponseCall and Response
-- ImprovisationImprovisation-- Pentatonic ScalesPentatonic Scales
-- A capella A capella
Be able to identify African instruments, both aurally andBe able to identify African instruments, both aurally andvisually.visually.
8/3/2019 African Music Power Point
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Traditional African InstrumentsTraditional African Instruments
DrumsDrums
Other percussion instrumentsOther percussion instruments
StringsStringsOther instrumentsOther instruments
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DrumsDrums
African drums come in a variety of shapes African drums come in a variety of shapes
and sizes.and sizes.
The bodies are usually made from wood,The bodies are usually made from wood,gourds, and clay; drum heads are madegourds, and clay; drum heads are made
from animal skins.from animal skins.
Some examples: Djembe drum, TalkingSome examples: Djembe drum, Talking
drum, Sakara Drum and the Doumbekdrum, Sakara Drum and the Doumbek
Drum.Drum.
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DjembeDjembe
TheThe djembedjembe drum hasdrum hasbeen called "the healingbeen called "the healingdrum".drum".
It dates back to the 12thIt dates back to the 12thcentury Mali Empire of century Mali Empire of West Africa.West Africa.
It has a very wide tonalIt has a very wide tonal
range setting it apart fromrange setting it apart fromother drums.other drums.
8/3/2019 African Music Power Point
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SakaraSakara
TheThe sakarasakara is a handis a hand--heldhelddrum made in Nigeria, Westdrum made in Nigeria, West
Africa. Africa.
It comes in a family of four It comes in a family of four
sizes, from tiny (sizes, from tiny ( At ele At ele) to) tolarge (large (Iy aIy a-- Alu Alu).).
It has goatskin stretchedIt has goatskin stretched
over a rim of red clay and isover a rim of red clay and is
played with a light stick.played with a light stick.
These drums are played allThese drums are played all
over the world in a variety of over the world in a variety of
ways.ways.
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Talking DrumTalking Drum
T al king d r ums belong to
the family of hourglass
shaped pressure drums.
The gan gan is the
smallest, the dun dun is
the largest.
They have a drum head
at both ends.
8/3/2019 African Music Power Point
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Doumbek DrumDoumbek Drum
The doumbek drum comesfrom the middle east, originallyplayed in Egypt, Turkey and
Armenia.
The drum is played with thefingers. Dum is the bass toneplayed with your right hand inthe middle of the drum. T ek isa high ringing sound played
with your right hand. Ka is thesame sound as tek, but playedwith your left hand.
8/3/2019 African Music Power Point
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PercussionPercussion -- GonkoguiGonkogui
The g onk og ui is a
traditional double
bell which is held in
the hand whilst
being struck with a
stick.
It has one high andone low tone.
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ShekereShekere
The shek er e also hasseeds loosely covering ahollowed gourd.
It is played by striking iton their hand, then ontheir leg, in variouspatterns.
The top of the ball can behit to create a deeper tone.
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TokeToke
The t ok e or bananabell is played bystriking it with a metal
rod whilst it is liedacross the palm of thehand.
It can also be hung onthe side of drums.
A pair of these bells,tuned a fourth apart,usually play together.
8/3/2019 African Music Power Point
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StringsStrings -- KoraKora
The k ora is a 21-
string harp-lute, which
includes both plucked
and sympatheticstrings.
It is used by
professional
musicians among the
Mandika people of
Gambia.
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Other InstrumentsOther Instruments African wind instruments include African wind instruments include
flutes, whistles, oboes andflutes, whistles, oboes andtrumpets.trumpets.
The flutes were made fromThe flutes were made frombamboo, reed, wood, clay, bonesbamboo, reed, wood, clay, bonesand other materials found in theand other materials found in thesubsub--Saharan region.Saharan region.
Trumpets, often associated withTrumpets, often associated withroyalty, were made from animalroyalty, were made from animalhorns or wood.horns or wood.
Clarinets, from the SavannahClarinets, from the Savannahregion of West Africa are maderegion of West Africa are made
from guineafrom guinea--corn or sorghumcorn or sorghumstems, with a reed cut from thestems, with a reed cut from thesurface of the stem at one end.surface of the stem at one end.DoubleDouble--reed instruments, suchreed instruments, suchas the hasua algaita, are derivedas the hasua algaita, are derivedfrom North Africafrom North Africa.
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Musical Regions of AfricaMusical Regions of Africa
North AfricaNorth Africa
This includes all the countries north of the Sahara. TheThis includes all the countries north of the Sahara. Themain type of music here is Islamic, which uses drumsmain type of music here is Islamic, which uses drumssuch as the doumbek and string instruments such as thesuch as the doumbek and string instruments such as theud. Voices often use ornaments and melismas (lots of ud. Voices often use ornaments and melismas (lots of
notes to one syllable).notes to one syllable).
Tribal AfricaTribal Africa
This includes the subThis includes the sub--Saharan countries of Africa suchSaharan countries of Africa suchas Senegal, Ghana, Central African Republic, Conga.as Senegal, Ghana, Central African Republic, Conga.
Music here uses the djembe drum and the kora, withMusic here uses the djembe drum and the kora, withmuch callmuch call--andand--response singing. The music often hasresponse singing. The music often hasostinato patterns, in the rhythm or the instrumental or ostinato patterns, in the rhythm or the instrumental or vocal parts.vocal parts.
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Music in African SocietyMusic in African Society
Music pervades all aspects of life.
It is not only used for entertainment, butalso accompanies day-to-day activitiesand affairs.
It is important in religious ritual andprovides a link between daily life and
culture.There are trained musicians called greots
who possess special knowledge.
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African Drumming African Drumming
African drumming is not written down in African drumming is not written down in
any form.any form.
When several instruments are combinedWhen several instruments are combinedgenerally various rhythms on the differentgenerally various rhythms on the different
instruments are overlaid to create ainstruments are overlaid to create a
polyrhythmic texturepolyrhythmic texture..
8/3/2019 African Music Power Point
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Vocal MusicVocal Music
Songs are used for all aspects of Africanlife.
Counting songs, punishment songs and
work songs are commonly sung. A common characteristic of many songs is
that they are in call and response
patterning.Much African music is sung a capella ±
without instrumental accompaniment.