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Africa Soil Information
for taking agronomy to scale results
Johan Leenaars (September 23rd, 2015)
ISRIC brief
(e.g. AfSIS)
(e.g. GYGA)
Need for Complete, coherent, detailed, properties, uncertainty
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0 - 5 cm
5 – 15 cm
15 – 30 cm
30 – 60 cm
60-100 cm
100-200 cm
Africa Soil Information
Africa Soil Information From points to grids
World Soil Profiles
Soil profile data
Derived response maps
Soil collections
Soil information
(maps)
Use soil information
Soil data processing Global Soil Information Facilities +
World Soil Profiles
Soil profile data
Derived response maps
Soil collections
Soil information
(maps)
Use soil information
Validate & update
(new soil data)
Soil data processing Global Soil Information Facilities +
Africa Soil Profiles database
2770
Africa Soil Profiles database
7300
Africa Soil Profiles database
www.isric.org/data/africa-soil-profiles-database-version-01-0
AfSP version 1.0
12500
H a H b B a B c B d
Africa Soil Profiles database
AfSP version 1.0
1km
ISRIC, 2013
Africa (AfSIS)
Soil organic carbon
www.isric.org/data/soil-property-maps-africa-1-km
Africa Soil Information
Uncertainty
Africa (AfSIS)
Soil organic carbon
ISRIC, 2013
1km
Africa Soil Information
Africa (AfSIS)
Soil organic carbon
ISRIC, 2013
1km
Africa Soil Information
Sand
Silt
Clay
OC
BD
CEC
pH H2O
Africa (AfSIS)
Soil water retention
Wösten et al., 2013
PTF
Sand
Silt
Clay
OC
BD
CEC
pH H2O
Africa Soil Information AfSP
World SoilGrids1 km
pH
Hengl et al., 2014
Africa Soil Information Upscaling
www.soilgrids.isric.org
Globally integrated
Sand
Silt
Clay
OC
BD
CEC
pH H2O
Globally integrated
Africa Soil Information updating
AfSoilGrids250m
Hengl et al., 2015
AfSP version 1.2
www.isric.org/data/africa-soil-profiles-database-version-01-2
18500 0 - 5 cm
5 – 15 cm
15 – 30 cm
30 – 60 cm
60-100 cm
100-200 cm
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updating
Africa Soil Information
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9600
Sentinel sites soil data
updating
Africa Soil Information
ISRIC, 2013
AfSoilGrids1km
Soil organic carbon
AfSoilGrids250m
Soil organic carbon
Hengl et al., 2015
updating
Africa Soil Information
www.isric.org/content/african-soilgrids-250m-geotiffs
Africa Soil Information
Globally integrated
Soil property Unit Sample
size RMSE
% variance
explained
Coarse fragments v% 39,206 18.4 20.3
Sand w% 55,578 15.9 61.1
Silt w% 54,164 8.3 56.1
Clay w% 54,167 13.7 52.4
Bulk density t m-3 8732 0.14 70.4
pH (H2O) - 68,458 0.67 66.9
Exch. Calcium cmol+/kg 65,158 12.7 67.2
Exch. Magnesium cmol+/kg 63,261 2.5 60
Exch. Sodium cmol+/kg 42,986 3.6 46.7
Exch. Potassium cmol+/kg 64,518 0.6 58.6
Exch. Acidity cmol+/kg 24,242 1.3 77.3
CEC cmol+/kg 47,875 7.9 66.3
Organic carbon g kg-1 64,010 10.6 61.3
Total nitrogen g kg-1 50,997 0.69 61
Extr. Aluminium mg kg-1 18,055 160 86.3
AfSoilGrids250m
Hengl et al., 2015
www.isric.org/content/african-soilgrids-250m-geotiffs
updating
AfSIS services and products
Total Available Water Capacity =
- Volumetric soil water retention
- pF-curve fine earth (AWC)
- Soil volume
- Gravel
- Rootable soil depth
Africa Soil Information
Total Available Water Capacity =
- Volumetric soil water retention
- pF-curve fine earth (AWC)
- Soil volume
- Gravel
- Rootable soil depth
Response increases with
- Increasing soil TAWC
- Increasing soil fertility
JGB Leenaars
Saria
Relevance of soil data
After Pichot et al.
Fertilised (mineral)
Year
Fertilised (org & min)
Saria
Relevance of soil data G
rain
yie
ld (
kg
/ha
)
0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0 1 2 3 4 5 6
Wate
r c
on
ten
t (m
3 /
m3
)
Water potential (pF)
AfSP average clayey
AfSP average loamy
AfSP average sandy
AfSP stdev clayey
AfSP stdev loamy
AfSP stdev sandy
Africa
Soil water retention
n = 14,500
n = 13,500
n = 15,500
Africa Soil Information AfSP
2015
FC PWP
Africa Soil Grids for GYGA Soil Water Content (v%) at PWP (pF4.2)
fine earth
at 30-60 cm
Africa Soil Grids for GYGA
fine earth
at 30-60 cm
Available Soil Water Capacity (v%)
Africa Soil Grids for GYGA
whole earth
at 30-60 cm
Coarse fragments content
Rootable soil depth: rules and thresholds
Africa Soil Grids for GYGA
Shallowest depth of:
• Maximum rooting depth of maize
• Depth of soil
• Depth of aerated soil
• Depth to a layer with root restricting soil factor
Rootable soil depth: rules and thresholds
Africa Soil Grids for GYGA
Shallowest depth of:
• Maximum rooting depth of maize (150 cm)
• Depth of soil (depth to bedrock or iron pan)
• Depth of aerated soil (as determined by drainage class
• Depth to a layer with root restricting soil factor
Rootable soil depth: rules and thresholds
Africa Soil Grids for GYGA
• Depth to a layer with root restricting soil factor
• Volume of soil (coarse fragments)
• Porosity (bulk density)
• Porosity (TetaSat)
• Texture
• Abrupt textural change
• Acidity (pH-H2O)
• Alkalinity (pH-H2O)
• Salinity (EC)
• Sodicity (Exch Na)
• Toxicity (Exch Al)
Rootable soil depth: rules and thresholds
Africa Soil Grids for GYGA
Level Soil quality Soil property Unit 100 100 - 0 0 Trend a b X Y Threshold
score Threshold
value
Voxels Foothold CfPC v% 0 80 - 90 100 -1 -10 900 5.00 100 1 20 > 88
Voxels Porosity TetaS (PTF-Wosten) v% 100 40 - 30 1 10 -300 5.00 0 0 20 < 32
Voxels Porosity BlkDens – (1.6-(0.0035*Clay)) kg/dm3 < 0 0 - 0.35 > 0.35 -1 -286 100 3.49 0 0 20 > 0.28
Voxels Texture Sand w% 0 95 - 100 -1 -20 2000 5.00 100 1 20 > 99
Voxels Texture change Clay n - clay n-1 w% 0 40 - 60 100 -1 -5 300 -25.00 100 1 20 > 56
Voxels Texture change Sand n - sand n-1 w% 0 40 - 60 100 -1 -5 300 -25.00 100 1 20 > 56
Voxels Acidity pHH2O low - 12 5.5 - 3.6 1 1 53 -193 5.00 73 1 20 < 4
Voxels Alkalinity pHH2O high - 1 7.8 - 9.1 12 -1 -80 724 5.00 100 1 20 > 8.8
Voxels Salinity EC dS/m 0 1.5 - 6.7 > 6.7 -1 -19 129 5.00 33 1 20 > 5.7
Voxels Sodicity ExNa*100/CECsoil % 0 10 - 25 100 -1 -7 167 25.00 0 0 20 > 22
Voxels Sodicity ExNa cmolc/kg 0 1 - 5 > 5 -1 -25 125 5.00 0 0 20 > 4.2
Voxels Toxicity ExAcid*100/eCEC % 0 35 - 85 100 -1 -2 170 20.00 100 1 20 > 75
Voxels Toxicity ExAcid cmolc/kg 0 2.5 - 6.5 > 6.5 -1 -25 163 5.00 38 1 20 > 5.7
Voxels Assess most limiting score (%) LRI, plus associated factor LRF
Level Soil quality Soil property Unit
Pixels LRD Assessed from LRI cm
Pixels Foothold Rock Depth cm
Pixels Aeration Drain (classes) cm
Pixels Max (maize) 150 cm
Pixels Assess shallowest depth (cm) = ERZD, plus associated factor
Rootable soil depth: rules and thresholds
Africa Soil Grids for GYGA
Level Soil quality Soil property Unit 100 100 - 0 0 Trend a b X Y Threshold
score Threshold
value
Voxels Foothold CfPC v% 0 80 - 90 100 -1 -10 900 5.00 100 1 20 > 88
Voxels Porosity TetaS (PTF) v% 100 40 - 30 1 10 -300 5.00 0 0 20 < 32
Voxels Porosity f.BlkDens kg/dm3 < 0 0 - 0.35 > 0.35 -1 -286 100 3.49 0 0 20 > 0.28
Voxels Texture Sand w% 0 95 - 100 -1 -20 2000 5.00 100 1 20 > 99
Voxels Texture change Clay n - clay n-1 w% 0 40 - 60 100 -1 -5 300 -25.00 100 1 20 > 56
Voxels Texture change Sand n - sand n-1 w% 0 40 - 60 100 -1 -5 300 -25.00 100 1 20 > 56
Voxels Acidity pHH2O low - 12 5.5 - 3.6 1 1 53 -193 5.00 73 1 20 < 4
Voxels Alkalinity pHH2O high - 1 7.8 - 9.1 12 -1 -80 724 5.00 100 1 20 > 8.8
Voxels Salinity EC dS/m 0 1.5 - 6.7 > 6.7 -1 -19 129 5.00 33 1 20 > 5.7
Voxels Sodicity ExNa*100/CECsoil % 0 10 - 25 100 -1 -7 167 25.00 0 0 20 > 22
Voxels Sodicity ExNa cmolc/kg 0 1 - 5 > 5 -1 -25 125 5.00 0 0 20 > 4.2
Voxels Toxicity ExAcid*100/eCEC % 0 35 - 85 100 -1 -2 170 20.00 100 1 20 > 75
Voxels Toxicity ExAcid cmolc/kg 0 2.5 - 6.5 > 6.5 -1 -25 163 5.00 38 1 20 > 5.7
Voxels Assess most limiting score (%) LRI, plus associated factor LRF
Level Soil quality Soil property Unit
Pixels LRD Assessed from LRI cm
Pixels Foothold Rock Depth cm
Pixels Aeration Drain (classes) cm
Pixels Max (maize) 150 cm
Pixels Assess shallowest depth (cm) = ERZD, plus associated factor
Rootable soil depth: rules and thresholds
Africa Soil Grids for GYGA
Level Soil quality Soil property Unit 100 100 - 0 0 Trend a b X Y Threshold
score Threshold
value
Voxels Foothold CfPC v% 0 80 - 90 100 -1 -10 900 5.00 100 1 20 > 88
Voxels Porosity TetaS (PTF) v% 100 40 - 30 1 10 -300 5.00 0 0 20 < 32
Voxels Porosity f.BlkDens kg/dm3 < 0 0 - 0.35 > 0.35 -1 -286 100 3.49 0 0 20 > 0.28
Voxels Texture Sand w% 0 95 - 100 -1 -20 2000 5.00 100 1 20 > 99
Voxels Texture change Clay n - clay n-1 w% 0 40 - 60 100 -1 -5 300 -25.00 100 1 20 > 56
Voxels Texture change Sand n - sand n-1 w% 0 40 - 60 100 -1 -5 300 -25.00 100 1 20 > 56
Voxels Acidity pHH2O low - 12 5.5 - 3.6 1 1 53 -193 5.00 73 1 20 < 4
Voxels Alkalinity pHH2O high - 1 7.8 - 9.1 12 -1 -80 724 5.00 100 1 20 > 8.8
Voxels Salinity EC dS/m 0 1.5 - 6.7 > 6.7 -1 -19 129 5.00 33 1 20 > 5.7
Voxels Sodicity ExNa*100/CECsoil % 0 10 - 25 100 -1 -7 167 25.00 0 0 20 > 22
Voxels Sodicity ExNa cmolc/kg 0 1 - 5 > 5 -1 -25 125 5.00 0 0 20 > 4.2
Voxels Toxicity ExAcid*100/eCEC % 0 35 - 85 100 -1 -2 170 20.00 100 1 20 > 75
Voxels Toxicity ExAcid cmolc/kg 0 2.5 - 6.5 > 6.5 -1 -25 163 5.00 38 1 20 > 5.7
Voxels Assess most limiting score (%) LRI, plus associated factor LRF
Level Soil quality Soil property Unit
Pixels LRD Assessed from LRI cm
Pixels Foothold Rock Depth cm
Pixels Aeration Drain (classes) cm
Pixels Max (maize) 150 cm
Pixels Assess shallowest depth (cm) = ERZD, plus associated factor
Rootable soil depth: rules and thresholds
Africa Soil Grids for GYGA
Maize
Africa Soil Grids for GYGA Most limiting factor to rootability
whole soil
Rootable soil depth (cm)
Maize
Africa Soil Grids for GYGA
RZD
www.isric.org/content/afsis-gyga-functional-soil-property-maps-ERZD-AWC
Total AWC (mm) of the rootable whole soil, 1st draft
Africa Soil Grids for GYGA
Maize TAWC
Total AWC (mm) of the rootable whole soil, 1st draft
Africa Soil Grids for GYGA
Soil factor Soil variable RZPAWHC 0-25
RZPAWHC 25-50
RZPAWHC 50-75
RZPAWHC75-100
RZPAWHC 100-125
RZPAWHC 125-150
RZPAWHC 150-200
RZPAWHC 200-250
RZPAWHC 0-250 mm
RZPAWHC mean
RZPAWHC sd
km² km² km² km² km² km² km² km² km² mm mm
Foothold (soil volume) CfPc 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 - -
Porosity TetaS 46 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 48 6 12
Porosity f.BD 50202 67793 5647 65 0 0 0 0 123707 26 14
Texture adequacy Sand 1 7 7 0 36 84 7 0 142 121 28
Texture adequacy f.Clay 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 - -
Texture adequacy f.Sand 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 - -
Induration (cement.) CaCO3 - - - - - - - - - - -
Induration (cement.) CaSO4 - - - - - - - - - - -
Acidity pH-H2O 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 - -
Alkalinity pH-H2O 14421 2211 517 367 16 1 0 0 17533 15 18
Salinity EC 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 - -
Sodicity f.ExNa - - - - - - - - - 4 -
Sodicity ExNa 1460839 432776 67378 21724 3139 338 12 0 1986206 14 18
Toxicity f.ExAcid 308725 74051 7910 753 686 163 0 0 392288 21 11
Toxicity ExAcid 86398 435 658 195 45 1 0 0 87732 1 8
Depth of aerated soil f.Drain 885805 1519707 2260051 1979793 703312 3649 0 0 7352317 62 30
Depth of soil RockDpth 272300 847696 1123400 1748921 1060073 184827 4920 1 5242138 77 30
Maize max root depth 150 cm 2 19 101990 1124417 2343463 1553847 45378 2 5169118 113 18
Total (km²) 3078739 2944695 3567560 4876235 4110770 1742910 50317 3 20371229 73 39
www.isric.org/content/afsis-gyga-functional-soil-information-sub-saharan-africa-RZ-PAWHC-SSA
Total AWC (mm) of the rootable whole soil, 1st draft
Africa Soil Grids for GYGA
Soil factor Soil variable RZPAWHC 0-25
RZPAWHC 25-50
RZPAWHC 50-75
RZPAWHC75-100
RZPAWHC 100-125
RZPAWHC 125-150
RZPAWHC 150-200
RZPAWHC 200-250
RZPAWHC 0-250 mm
RZPAWHC mean
RZPAWHC sd
km² km² km² km² km² km² km² km² km² mm mm
Foothold (soil volume) CfPc 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 - -
Porosity TetaS 46 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 48 6 12
Porosity f.BD 50202 67793 5647 65 0 0 0 0 123707 26 14
Texture adequacy Sand 1 7 7 0 36 84 7 0 142 121 28
Texture adequacy f.Clay 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 - -
Texture adequacy f.Sand 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 - -
Induration (cement.) CaCO3 - - - - - - - - - - -
Induration (cement.) CaSO4 - - - - - - - - - - -
Acidity pH-H2O 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 - -
Alkalinity pH-H2O 14421 2211 517 367 16 1 0 0 17533 15 18
Salinity EC 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 - -
Sodicity f.ExNa - - - - - - - - - 4 -
Sodicity ExNa 1460839 432776 67378 21724 3139 338 12 0 1986206 14 18
Toxicity f.ExAcid 308725 74051 7910 753 686 163 0 0 392288 21 11
Toxicity ExAcid 86398 435 658 195 45 1 0 0 87732 1 8
Depth of aerated soil f.Drain 885805 1519707 2260051 1979793 703312 3649 0 0 7352317 62 30
Depth of soil RockDpth 272300 847696 1123400 1748921 1060073 184827 4920 1 5242138 77 30
Maize max root depth 150 cm 2 19 101990 1124417 2343463 1553847 45378 2 5169118 113 18
Total (km²) 3078739 2944695 3567560 4876235 4110770 1742910 50317 3 20371229 73 39
www.isric.org/content/afsis-gyga-functional-soil-information-sub-saharan-africa-RZ-PAWHC-SSA
http://wms4.isric.org/geoserver/afsis_gyga/ows
www.isric.org/content/african-soilgrids-250m-geotiffs
www.isric.org/content/afsis-gyga-functional-soil-information-sub-saharan-africa-RZ-PAWHC-SSA
http://wms4.isric.org/geoserver/afsis_gyga/ows
World Soil Profiles
Derived response maps
Taking Agronomy to Scale
Africa Soil Information
Use soil information
Validate & update