AFGHANISTAN PROJECT PLANNING:

MOHAMMAD AGHA WOLESWALI

T h o m a s H. E i g h m y C h e c c h i and C o m p a n y

1730 F h o d e I s l and A v e n u e , N.W. W a s h i n g t o n , D.C. 2 0 0 3 6

R e p o r t S u b m i t t e d U n d e r Indef in i te Q u a n t i t y C o n t r a c t

NO. AID/o t r -C-1378 W o r k O r d e r No. 06 ( A f g h a n i s t a n )

C h e c c h i C o n t r a c t 7506-F

January 2 0 , 1 9 7 7

TABLE OF CONTENTS

I. BACKGROUND

11. DESCRIPTIVE DATA AND MAPS A, G e n e r a l D e s c r i p t i o n B. Map Material and G a z e t t e e r

111. AFGHAN DEMOGRAPHIC STUDIES REPORTS AND DATA TAPES 6

IV. SUGGESTIONS TO IMPROVE UTILIZATION OF ADS DATA 9

EXHIBITS F o l l o w i n g P . 11

SOURCES F o l l o w i n g P . 11

EXHIBITS

A Boundary Sketch Map (1:1,000,000) of Loqar Province and Mohammad Agha Woleswali

Following Page

B Topographic Map (1:250,000) of Mohammad Agha Woleswali 11

C Summary Page and Village List for Mohammad Agha Woleswali as shown in the Provisional Gazetteer (Source 13) 11

D Identification and Estimating Data for Five ADS Sample Villages in Mohammad Aqha District

E Contents of Village Summary File Data for Each of Five ADS Sample Villages in Mohammad Agha District

I. BACKGROUND

w The purpose of this report is two-fold. First, it is an extraction

of readily available data, from U.S. sources, which are descriptive of

Mohammad Agha Woleswali (district) of Logar Province, Afghanistan in

support of an AID-Government of Afghanistan joint rural develLpment project ---- - -- - ---" to be sited in the district. Second, and more broadly, using Mohammad

Agha as an example, it is an investigation of currently available computer-

ized data based upon the Afghan Demographic Studies (ADS) project. Field

work on the ADS project was carried out between 1971 and 1975. The final

editing of tapes and production of specialized reports was completed in

1976. The general and specific ADS sources consulted are listed at the

conclusion of this report. The work order provided for three days of

effort, most of which was spent in extracting the computerized data. The

degree of written information which can be presented in this report is thus

circumscribed by the time constraint. The author welcomes discussion of

any specific points which have been raised but which could not be treated

in detail.

11. DESCRIPTIVE DATA AND MAPS

A. General Description

For sampling and estimating purposes, the ADS project placed

Mohammad Agha Woleswali in rural stratum No. 1 "Kabul-Logar Valley." These

rural strata are designed to be groups of Minor Civil Divisions or Districts,

exclusive of urban centers, which are relatively homogeneous in terms of

rural population characteristics, density, settlement type, and agricul-

ture. (Source 6). The Kabul-Logar Valley is characterized as densely

settled and well irrigated, capable of producing three crops in two years

in favored areas. There exists the typical agricultural system combining

dry farming and grazing to supplement traditional irrigation. There arc

small desert zones, and largely barren hills flanking the cultivated areas.

The surface water supply is generally good and the district is favorably

regarded as one of the most fertile and ayr~culturally rich areas in the

country. The valley is part of the Kabul food shed, providing vegetables,

fru~t, tree crop and meat products in addition to Afghan~stan's staple, wheat.

Ethno-linguistically, the district is part of a shatter zone of mixed

Pakhtu-speaking Ghilzai and Dari speaking Tadjik. Much of the male popula-

tion at least, is bi-lingual. In terms of mixing, there are cases where .

one village is predominantly one group and the neighboring village

belongs to the second group, cases where there is residential segregation

within a village and further cases of residential intermingling among the

dwelling units and intermarriage among families. It should be noted that

the ADS survey at the request of the Afghan Government, did not deal with

ethno-linguistic questions. Thus, the apove material is intended to be

purely descriptive and subject to more detailed observations.

As the northernmost district in Logar Province, Mohammad Agha is

within the commuting shed of Kabul. A paved road passing from Kabul through

the Logar Valley into Paktia Province bisects Mohammad Agha Woleswali and

improves both the commuting and agricultural marketing attractiveness of

the district. An international airport is tentatively scheduled for

construZ.tion in the vicinity. To the degree that Mohammad Agha is

influenced by its proximity and accessibility to Kabul and by the relative- - ly large amount of well-watered land, it cannot be considered representative

of the total rural zone of Afghanistan. Nonetheless, too much should not

be made of this point since neither Mohammad Agha Woleswali nor any settle-

ment in Logar Province contains an urban center and the employment structure

of most villages is geared to agricultural production for domestic con-

sumption and the Kabul market.

1/ The principal published sources-provide relatively little description

of the area but agree in describing its relative fertility. Several sources

note that the Logar Valley was the scene of early rural development efforts

by AID'S predecessor agency and its Afghan counterpart. The area is no

stranger to integrated rural development projects under various names.

(The) Local Development Department has been working in Logar for 11 years on such projects and introducing improved methods of ploughing, controlling pests and disease, and distributing chemical fertilizer...(and)...has set up schools and health facilities. (Source 1)

w L'The Human Relations Area Files, left with the ADS Project Library in the Central Statistics Office, can also be consulted for further descriptive material.

A rongh estimate of the r u r a l population i s 69,789. The f igure 84

is derived i n a manner consistent with the methods u t i l i zed i n deriving

t h e ADS estimate f o r the e n t i r e r u r a l zone population. The 70,000

esLimate far Mohammad Agha i s i n need of refinement and should be re-

garded as a t en t a t ive planning f igure only. (Source 7 ) .

Bas& upon t h e d i s t r i c t boundaries derived f o r a l l d i s t r i c t s by

the aDs pro jec t (Sources 6 and 13) the area is estimated a s 1,017 square

kilometers, which provides an overa l l population density of 69 people

per square kilometer with considerable loca l v a r i a b i l i t y around t h a t figure.

This value places Mohammad Agha i n t he f i r s t density qu in t i l e with a rank 2/ of 275 among t h e 319 ru ra l zone Minor Civ i l Divisions.-

The ADS nomadic survey ten ta t ive ly grouped Mohammad Agha i n a median

flensity category f o r non-settled population. One of t he findings of the

11~maidc snrvey w a s t h a t the Logar Valley has one of the highest seasonal

concentrations of nomadic population i n t he country. This is pa r t l y

flue t o t h e t r ans i to ry population moving from Pakistan o r Paktia i n t o the

r e s t of t he country. But, it i s a l so an area of summer t e n t concentrations w

r e l a t e d primarily t o t rading opportunities, seasonal agr icu l tura l employ-

ment opportunit ies, and ethnic linkages t o the s e t t l ed population.

B. Map Material and Gazetteer

First a s a necessary input t o sampling and estimating the

set-llea p p u l a t i o n of Afghanistan and secondly a s a by-product of those

e f fo r t s , t h e Afghan Demographic Studies (ADS) project developed a number

of mater ia ls covering Mohammad Agha d i s t r i c t and a l l other d i s t r i c t s i n

afghani star^ regardless of whether o r not they were surveyed. Once the

r u r a l s t r a t a had been defined, cer ta in d i s t r i c t s were picked from each

of the s t r a t a , v i l l ages were picked from the d i s t r i c t , and households

were selected from the v i l l ages i n a multi-stage sampling and estimating

operation involving sketch mapping, a i r photos and photo s t ruc ture counts,

.l/At t he time of the ADS survey, there were 325 Minor Civi l Divisions of which s ix were t o t a l l y urban. Urban population was subtracted boforc making the density calculations.

3/ household pre l i s t iny , v i l lage descriptions, and other materials.-

The bes t maps available t o the public a r e the ACIC (Aeronautical

Chart and Information Service) series of Operational Navigation Charts a t a

sca le of 1:1,000,000. These include topography, a l t i t ude t i n t ing and

hydrology. The toponomy on these maps i s not par t icu lar ly good and,

except fo r some copies modified by ADS, they do not include the province 4/ o r Minor Civ i l Division boundaries.-

The provisional Gazetteer of Afghanistan was a l so developed by ADS

and the relevant materials covering Mohammad Agha Woleswali a re incorporated

as exhibi ts i n t h i s report. The Gazetteer and out l ine map are publicly

avai lable i n the U.S. and Afghanistan, but i n very limited quant i t ies . The

f i r s t map (Exhibit A) i s derived from the 1:1,000,000 Minor Civi l Division

out l ine map. The second map (Exhibit B) enlarges the scale t o 1:250,000,

and superimposes the Mohammad Agha boundary on a topographic base map of

the scale of 1:250,000. These larger scale maps a re not generally avai lable

i n the U.S. They a r e developed from a joint AID-Government of Afghanistan

mapping project carr ied out i n 1968. The maps were printed by the Afghan w

Cartographic I n s t i t u t e (ACI) a t scales of 1:50,000 and 1:100,000 as well

a s the 1:250,000 scale shown here. A summary 1:500,000 se r i e s is under

production i n Afghanistan. The ADS project u t i l i zed these maps and various

lists of v i l lages with associated s i ze measures i n i t s survey ac t iv i t i e s .

One s e t of 1:250,000 ser ies was procured by the A I D mission fo r "Operation

Help" i n 1972. The Afghan Cartographic Ins t i t u t e , i n general, i s reluctant

t o release any of these maps fo r approved development projects although, i n

addi t ion t o ADS, several A I D , World Bank and United Nations projects have

succeeded i n receiving permission t o u t i l i z e some of the maps.

-('see Sources 6 and 9 as well a s the ADS Demographic Research Report s e r i e s and extensive project archives held a t the Central S t a t i s t i c s Office, Kabul, f i l e d by v i l lage and d i s t r i c t .

/These boundaries were developed by the ADS project on maps a t various scales including a 1:1,000,000 scale Ninor Civi l Division out l ine inap. This is currently being incorporated i n the University of hlebraska's Center for Afghanistan Studies Atlas of Afghanistan project.

The overall population distribution within Mohammad Agha District is w revealed on the second map (Exhibit B) along with the principal settlements.

A certain amount of detail is lost in the black and white rendering of the

colored original and in passing from 1:100,000 to 1:250,000 scale. The

greatest quantity of irrigated land and, with it, the largest number of

villages and highest population density is located along the paved Kabul-

Gardez Highway. Scattered pockets of cultivation away from the highway

as well as dry farming, seasonal grazing and desert (dast) can also be seen

on the map. The pages following include a summary and list of villages for

Mohammad Agha District (Exhibit C) drawn from the Gazetteer (Source 13).

Most items are self explanatory, but teams attempting to utilize the

Gazetteer material would be well advised to read the Introduction in Volume

I. This is particularly true with regard to the interpretation of the Ministry

of Agriculture and Irrigation (MAI) and Administrators (WOL) estimates of pop-

ulation. The latter is based on the number of work permits (tazkira) issued

to eligible males. This number bears differing relationships to the estimated

population from village to village. An additional problem is that the

'gpi' exact areal extent of each village can only be determined on the site.

The 20,359 figure is the number of Tazkira's issued between 1954 and 1973.

These are accumulated in three books known as the "Asle Asas" (AA), Qalamandaz

(KA) and Nawtawaludat (NT). The initial Asle Asas registration generally

picked up more of the eligible population than the latter books and thus

was utilized in the ADS sample expansion factors. The Gazetteer figures

refer to all three books while the associated size measure in Volume 2 of

the SUNY reports (Source 9) is based on the Asle Asas figure only.

Four of the five ADS sample villages: Mohammad Agha; Ab Paran;

Kutub Khel; and Zargun Shar are located and underlined on the map (Exhibit B).

The fifth and smallest sample villaqe, Qalac Taj Khan was removed in the com-

pilation process in passing from the 1:100,000 to 1:250,000 scale map.

As noted previously, the exact areal delimitation of each rural district

(Quarya or village) and its relation to the Tazkira registration system

must be worked out on site. This was done by ADS only for its sample villages

with the aid air photos, maps, and ground teams. The Gazetteer represcnts

a great deal of organizational work with place names of v i l lages and sub- "w

vil lages f o r a l l d i s t r i c t s i n the country. Again, the Introduction t o

Volume 1 of the Gazetteer (Source 13) m u s t be read fo r f u l l e r under-

standing.

111. AFGHAN DEMOGRAPHIC STUDIES REPORTS AND DATA TAPES

The published resu l t s , a s opposed t o the methodology, of the ADS

survey a r e contained i n Volume I and the supporting tab les i n Volume 111

5/ of the SUNY reports (Sources 8 and lo) . -

A t a l a t e r stage of the project , Pinkerton Computer Consultants were

retained f o r detai led tape edi t ing and the provision of a data tape compat-

i b l e with the IBM machine i n Kabul and for t h e ~ o d u c t i o n of detai led reports

on a province basis.

Estimates of the s i ze of t o t a l population f o r ru ra l vi l lages and

r u r a l s t r a t a were developed i n Kabul and a t Johns Hopkins University

(Source 9) . Certain of t h i s s i ze estimating material i s available on

v i l l age summary tapes prepared by Pinkerton. Estimates of demographic

hd parameters, a s opposed t o population s ize , based on the ADS Household

Interview Schedule (HHIS) have been developed by SUNY (Sources 8 and 10)

f o r the e n t i r e ru ra l zone and subsequently by Pinkerton (Sources 11 and

12) on a province basis. They are not available on a stratum o r Minor

C iv i l Division summary basis fo r z number of reasons.

The tapes developed by Pinkerton consist of s i x f i l e s . The f i r s t

three of these a r e developed on a basis of one computer record per HHIS.

These include:

1. The SUNY Data Base which was u t i l i zed t o develop the second f i l e .

2 . The New Format Master. This includes materials from the Pregnancy History Interview Schedule (PHIS) which

2'Volume I1 contains the methodology and Volume I V contains two essays on indigenous f e r t i l i t y measures.

introduced d i f f i c u l t matching problems i n the computer operations. It excludes t he employment/occupation data.

3. The Employment Master. It includes the employment data and excludes the PHIS and rela ted family planning KAP data.

4. The Village Summary F i l e takes a number of individual HHIS var iables and aggregates them a t the r u r a l v i l l age level. But, variables re la ted t o employment and occupation o r material on the Pregnancy History Interview Schedule (PHIS) including family planning (KAP) d id not make the passage from the individual records t o t h i s - vi l lage summary f i l e f o r a number of reasons. The v i l lage summary f i l e is the most useful of the s i x f i l e s developed by Pinkerton f o r the purposes of t h i s report.

5. The All-Country Sununary F i l e aggregates the Village Sununary F i l e i n to the e n t i r e Rural Zone and includes s imilar aggregated data for Major Urban Centers (Kabul, Kandahar, Herat, Mazar-i-Sharif, Kunduz) and the remaining Minor Urban Centers.

6. The Employment Reports F i l e again contains one record for every individual and summarizes the employment infor- mation. It does not provide a v i l l age summary l eve l of aggregation for t h i s information.

I t should be noted t h a t Pinkerton faced a d i f f i c u l t job i n edi t ing

the e n t i r e data base and producing the required summary reports. The

problems have been detai led i n a separate Pinkerton report . They include . pr inc ipa l ly in te rna l consistency checks and matching problems between

Household Interview Schedule data and Pregnancy History Interview Schedule -__-_ __ .. . , _ . _ , --~~ ~ .~~

data and other problems engendered by the large number of items on the

questionnaire and the variable nuivber of people represented on a s ingle

HHIS. Pinkerton solved these problems, generated the required reports,

and passed the reports and data tapes on t o the mission i n Kabul. A set.

of the various f i l e s remains with the Data Management Office of AID-Wash-

ington. Complete understanding and u t i l i za t ion of these materials requires

the integrat ion of three elements:

1. The detai led material provided i n a Pinkerton report e n t i t l e d "The Afghan Demographic Survey Data Bases and Programs. "

2 . The Code Book developed by ADS-Kabul and s l i g h t l y modified by SUNY f o r production of Sources 8 and 10. This Code Book is not generally available, but i s required f o r an understanding of the material l i s t e d i n Item 1 above.

3. Job control procedures which a t t h i s point , a r e bes t understood by Pinkerton personnel who worked on the edi t ing job.

Manipulation and summary of individual HHIS and PHIS (including

Family Planning KAP) is a large data processing job beyond the scope of

t h i s three-day work order. The data i s there , a s prepared by the Pinkerton

Consultants for t h e reports required by t h e i r contract. The data could

be extracted and summarized f o r other pro jec t planning purposes. Effective

fur ther use of t he da ta requires a reduction i n var iables t o keep the f i l e

manageable, production of a complete code book, and technical job control

specif icat ions i f the data is t o be readily accessed by A I D personnel. w

This report confines i t s e l f t o the material available i n the Village

Summary F i l e for each of t he f i ve v i l l ages i n Mohammad Agha d i s t r i c t . Iden-

t i f i c a t i o n and estimating data fo r Mohammad Agha is presented a s Exhibit D

with explanatory notes.

Interpreta t ion of the remaining Village Summary data is presented

i n Exhibit E and the accompanying notes. It should be emphasized tha t

these items represent t a l l i e s off the Household Interview Schedules ( H H I S )

only. They have not been expanded t o the e n t i r e v i l l age level. Techniczlly,

v i l l age estimates can be made by multiplying the t a l l y count by a fac tor

of the v i l l age estimated population (Exhibit D, Item Q ) divided by the

number of individuals covered by the interview schedule (Item L ) . Such

estimates a r e very crude and depend not only upon the accuracy of the v i l l age

population estimate but the representativeness of the sample drawn within

t he v i l l age and the lack of any par t icu la r non-sampling e r ro r on the re la ted

Household Interview Schedules, which generally number about 30 per vil lage.

IV . SUGGESTIONS TO IMPROVE UTILIZATION OF ADS DATA

w Attempts to generate parameter estimates at too small a level of

aggregation, such as the village, generate problems of sampling fluc-

tuation and may also magnify the non-sampling errors in individual vil-

lages. At the moment, a better approach is to apply Rural Zone (or Major

and Minor Urban Zone) parameter estimates to the individual city or Minor

Civil Division or village to generate expected occurrences (Births, Deaths,

School Enrollment, etc.). Retention of the major key sequence utilized

in the Pinkerton reports with the capability of summing individual villages

or wards to larger aggregates would provide a ready means of testing

estimated occurrences for smaller aggregations against the rural and urban

zone estimates.

With regard to the existing data tapes and their documentation, we

suggest the following based on the experience gained in this report and

in working with the existing files.' We recommend a thoughtful and careful

consideration by AID of which variables would be most useful for future

planning purposes. Individual data, including employment, occupation and

1 Family Planning KAP, could be summarized on a rural village and urban nahya

w (ward) basis. This level of aggregation would retain the basic data structure

and elements of the existing village summary file. It would allow the

smaller building blocks (rural villages and urban nyahs) to be combined in

any particular desired way through simple summation. This recommended

village summary would include unexpanded tallies for each area. It is impor-

tant that these be unexpanded since the Pinkerton and SUNY analyses have

indicated evidences of certain undercounts on some of the variables. Thus,

these counts would serve as descriptive measures for the survey households

only and would not be used fur further expansion or parameter estlmatlon 7/ until or unless further corroboration of the expansion factors is undertaken.-

Implementation of this suggestion would produce the village summary tape

G/~ee Page 7 above.

1'See Sources 7 and 9 for a discussion of these expansion factors and means by which reported vj llaqe total population, or characteristics of that population such as total deaths, are expanded upward to yield stratum estimates of total population or total deaths.

by manipulation of the desired variables from the New Format Master or w the Employment Master files. Any further work should also specify that a

u~ified code book including the relevant portions of the Pinkerton and SUNY

code books be produced, and that the summary tape be accompanied by job

control descriptions and procedures such that further inquiry could be made

directly by the AID Data Management Office-or hopefully by the Afghan

Computer if technical limitations could be met. Realistically, such a pro-

cedure would require initial input from Pinkerton, AID'S Data Management

Office, and advisory consultation from the Population or Technical Assist-

ance Offices of AID (including Mission input) as to which variables are

desired. Detailed specification should be through a small working group.

As it now stands, the ability to integrate two code books with control

requirements is limited to a very few people not directly associated with

AID'S Population, Technical Assistance, and Data Management personnel.

It may be difficult for AID-Washington to accept further work on the ADS

data. Nonetheless, it is our best judgment that this small final effort

is needed to put the data in fully useable form for baseline studies and

'w project planning.

Finally it should be noted that population size estimates, while

available for individual citiesz' are presently only available for the total

rural zone containing 85% of the estimated sedentary population. It is

possible to apply the estimating methods for the rural zone to smaller

aggregations such as rural zone strata and Minor Civil Divisions. Such

an extension should be made with extreme care as the sampling and estimating

operations were not designed to develop estimates at a fine scale. None-

theless, it is felt that production of these administrative estimates for

the rural zone would provide useful planning approximations for the mission

and the Afghan Government. A number of projects such as textbook and

fertilizer distribution, innoculations, and other medical, famlly planning,

and rural development efforts are dependent to a consldcrable degree on the

I'Llrban zone estimates were made directly on the basis of structure counts on air photos and hencc could bc produced on an iildiv.idua1. city ba:;i:;. Rural zone estimates depended upon the calibration of estimating invdcls extending the relationship between population in sampled villages and the number of work permits issued to non-sampled villages (Sources 7 and 9).

underlying spatial distribution of the rural zone population. These es- w tlmates and resulting population density and distribution naps are the

subject of an additional proposal and it should be noted here that they are

independent of any further work on the survey data tapes used for demo-

graphic parameter estimates.

EXHIBIT A

mundary Sketch Map (1:1,000,000) of Logar

Province and Mohammad Agha Woleswali

EXHIBIT B

Topographic Map (1:250,000) of

Mohammad Agha Woleswali

EXHIBIT C

Summary Page and Village List for Mohammad

Agha Woleswali as shown in the

Provisional Gazetteer (Source 13)

J>:%~X / Jlj"J> p.4 4 J?: 3- 9 ,+' ?dohamad A h a 0504 - Woluswali Name : -k- CO+ NO. : - Center Name: -----

- - - Alaqadan Name - Code KO. Center Name

Area (Sq. Km.) 1017

(~23s)-L I

! Altitude of the hlCD Center (m): 1875 (9 ) Y=! Ck,jl fi tLt-,.!

Lat. and Long. of the MCD center: -- 3ilj N - 6g6& E 3 2 GI 4yj J j b

510-C 509-F/510-E

inclusive Maps: :&.A&- ~ ~ : i o o , o o o Yca\c

A ~ ~ ~ ~ K C ' C ~ V + O g - ~ h i L T.c5t i t ~ l t c ) &'-I S. YP; r,.e

20950 Total pop. (MA:): & ~ k i J U l j j a;tj;oL-,

O L + ' r L c l + d y E;:-

b' 20359 T o t 4 POP. (Wol): &la ajljj'

(A&+ ~ 4 - k uT) t-".' dL:j JL

Year and basis for Wol. Pop.: 1954-1973

(Jl.pJ9) &!a a,.!::

73( 25 ) oLdL dL, kb 92 t* Total NO. of villages according ( J I A J ) U J ~ ~ J

to Woleswai's list.

ilistrtbution of Vills. by Wol. Pop. size: : &"sJ' 2G dLCI! IB *d abf..rL.

%-i - 0-250 251-500 501-1000 1001 and above Total - - No. of Villages: 18 ( 13 ) 9 ( 3 ) 2 ( 2 ) 44 ( 7 ) 73 ( 25)

/+ "opulation: 1522 1017 1401 16W9 2U359

&I -Lru ~ > l . W b k - dl@> Woluswa!f-Alaqadari Mohammad Agha

dl .I.- &I** - JWJ

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Wolnswall-Alaq'ulnri fiohmmd Agha

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Population C,'-.j--

k3 r-I Village Name

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J&4 (*&)

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7.Keshni Kutub J&& ..( Khail (Keahem* ( )

8.Shaghassi Kutub d , O k Khail J&

9.Ghazni Khail-i-

1500

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120

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1200

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57

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WnluswaU-Alaqadzri Mohamwd Agha

aLh *i rl Mw W a n 8

Sher Afghan cs8il ,&

Bini Shir ,&I& jn afghan

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EXHIBIT D

Identification and Estimating Data for

Five ADS Sample Villages in

Mohammad Agha District

Major Key

IDENTIFICATION AND ESTIMATING DATA FOR FIVE ADS

SAMPLE VILLAGES I N MOHAMMAD AGHA DISTRICT

S i z e and Parameter Es t ima t ing Data

A B C D E F (G)

1 01 05 04 2 1 00

1 01 05 04 2 2 00

1 01 05 04 2 3 00

1 01 05 04 2 4 00

1 01 05 04 2 5 00

MOHD AGHA

QL TAJKAN

AB PARAN

KATUK KHEL

ZARGUN SHER

I J K L M N O (p) (Q)

712 2 13.25232 259 2 30 7.73 2003

56 1 54.01275 31 2 28 9.82 304

237 1 5 4 , 0 1 2 3 1 79 2 36 6.42 507

1558 2 13.25290 343 2 33 8.79 3014

1172 2 13.25266 315 2 36 7.39 2328

Notes f o r Exhibi t D

Major Key

Item A SITPER STRATUM This i s one o f t h e s i x major r u r a l populat ion regions. Mohammad Agha Wol.eswali i s i n Region 1, The Eastern Lowlands.

Item B XJRAL POPULATION STRATUM This i s a sma l l e r subdivion of t h e super s t ra tum c o n s i s t i n g of

groups o f d i s t r i c t s . The s t ra tum f o r Mohammad Agha Woleswali is 01, The Kabul Logar Valley. (See Source 6)

Item C PROVINCE Logar Province is coded 05.

Item D LiOLESWALI This is Minor C i v i l Division 04 wi th in Logar Province, namely Mohammd Agha D i s t r i c t .

EXHIBIT D

Notes fo r Exhibit D (Continued)

Major Key -

Item E STRATUM TYPE Described by Pinkerton as the STRATUM TYPE, i s a ru ra l zone indicator. It is 2 fo r a l l v i l lages i n the ru ra l zone and 1 fo r urban centers.

Item F TOWN TYPE Described by Pinkerton a s the TOWN TYPE, t h i s ident i f ica t ion number is keyed t o maps, a i r photos, code books and interview ~chedu les fo r those v i l lages within each Woleswali which were i n i t i a l l y selected for a i r photography and sketch mapping. In the case of Mohammad Agha Dis t r ic t , f ive v i l lages were surveyed.

Item (G) NYAH - NYAH has been coded 00 fo r t h e f ive ru ra l v i l lages but r e fe r s t o wards i n the urban zone.

Item H NXHE - This i s an alphabetic f i e l d providing t h e NAME of each vi l lage. These names have passed through numerous renditions of spell ing i n the data processing operation from Kabul t o Buffalo t o Washington and frequently do not correspond i n spell ing exactly with the names i n t h e Gazetteer (See Source 13 f o r problems of Afghan name t r ans l i t e r a t ion ) .

Item I SIZE MEASURE The SIZE MEASURE i n the case of a l l f i v e v i l lages ~ ~ ~ e & s f o , t h e n-r of male work permits o r "Tazkiras" or ig ina l ly issued a s r e c o r d e E the B - Asas" reg is t ra t ion book and correspond t o the ADS s i t e investigation of vi l lage boundaries. This d i f f e r s from the item shown i n the "WOL" column of the Gazetteer since the l a t t e r source includes l a t e r reg is t ran ts and may not r e fe r t o the same area on the ground a s the ADS f igures (See Source 13).

Item J SIZE MEASURE TYPE - The SIZE MEASURE TYPE re fe r s t o the division of v i l lages by Johns Hopkins

into two s ize sub-stratums, those below and above 250 Asle Asas Tazkiras. An additional s i z e sub-stratum, 3, referred t o a i r photo counts i n areas where Tazkiras were not issued and type 4, which designates v i l lages ex- cluded from the estimating process.

Notes for Exhibit D (Continued)

Major Key

Item K SUB-STRATUM EXPANDER The SUB-STRATUM EXPANDER is the mul t ip l ie r by which survey items a r e expanded

t o reach a sub-stratum estimate. This may include t o t a l population o r charac te r i s t ics of t h a t population such a s b i r th s , deaths, school enrollments, etc. (For a more complete description, see Sources 7 and 9 ) . This item is c ruc ia l t o a l l s i z e and parameter estimates. It has been included for each of the sample v i l l ages which were retained by Johns Hopkins for estimating purposes. Additional mult ipl iers were developed by Pinkerton i n the course of t h e i r analysis. (See Source 7 ) . But these a r e generally of l e s se r u t i l i t y and have not been retained i n the v i l l age summary f i l e .

Item L INDIVIDUAL RECORDS INDIVIDUAL RECORDS i s the t o t a l number of people covered by useable Household Interview Schedules (HHIS) i n t h a t vi l lage.

Item M NU:lBER OF HOUSEHOLDS The estimated t o t a l NUMBER OF HOUSEHOLDS i n the v i l l age derived from airphotos,

p re l i s t i ng and other measures developed a t the s i t e and i n Kabul. (See Sources 7 and 9).

Item N WAVE - The WAVE number i s a sub-sample of the t o t a l ru ra l zone. Wave 2 was in te r - viewed i n 1972 along with the major c i t i e s excluding Kabul. The 3 remain69 waves of t he ru ra l zone plus Kabul and minor c i t i e s were interviewed i n 1973 with t he nomadic survey being conducted i n 1974.

Item 0 HOUSEHOLDS C0:IIPLETED HOUSEHOLDS COMPLETED is the number of useable Household Interview Schedules

(HHIS) included i n t he Pinkerton data.

Item (P) AVERAGE HOUSE- HOLD SIZE The AVERAGE HOUSEHOLD SIZE o r the r e s u l t of dividing Item L by Item 0.

Item (Q) The estimated population of the e n t i r e v i l l age resul t ing from the multiplication of Item (P) by Item M. The l a s t two items a re not included on the Village Sunmary Fi le .

EXHIBIT E

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Notes for Exhibit E

Exhibit E, with minor delet ions covering s ing le year age breakdowns, represents the contents of the Village Summary F i l e (Tape 001517, Fi le I D A 250.V SUMMARS, Record Size 6500, Block Size 13000) held by the A I D Data Management Office. The assistance of John Marshall (AID) and Richard Schulz (Pinkerton Computer Consultants, Inc.) i s gra te fu l ly acknowledged. Creation of the f i l e was the prime responsibi l i ty of D r . ~ e n n i s Claque (Pinkerton) who was on leave a t the time t h i s report was prepared.

Items A-0 from Exhibit D are also present i n Exhibit E. A br ief explanation of addit ional items follows.

FARMER Number of household heads on the completed interviews schedules who c l a s s i f i ed themselves as farmers.

ROOM COUNT The summation of rooms reported on the completed interview schedules which can yield a v i l l age average measure of rooms per household.

ARRANGEMENT This spec i f ies the type of housing tenure for the household where the f i r s t category i s ownership and the remaining four categories cover various forms of leasing o r f ree occupancy.

RADIO The number of radios owned by the surveyed households.

MALE COUfJ'T and FEMALE COCNT The t o t a l number of surveyed individuals grouped by sex. These add t o the t o t a l of

individual records. The sex r a t i o "wobbles" from vil lage-to-vil lage although generally males are dominant, a s shown by the survey r e s u l t s f o r the e n t i r e country. The degree t o which t h i s v ~ l l a g e sex r a t i o measures sampling f luctuat ions o r t r u l y represents the charac te r i s t ics of the v i l l age i s i l l u s t r a t i v e of the problem of deriving parameter estimates based on approximately 30 household interview schedules per vil lage. Male dominance can r e f l ec t under recording of females or select ively higher female in fan t and maternal mortality due t o poor medical care and sex se lec t ive nutr i t ion, clothing and medical treatment.

VISITOR This is the count of v i s i t o r s recorded i n the households on the night preceeding enumeration. I t i s not considered t o be accurate, and i t s tabulation caused some problems.

Notes for Exhibit E (Continued)

HOUSEHOLD-MOVED These a re responses t o the question which asked i f the en t i r e household moved last year. The response categories correspond not t o the SUNY Code Book but t o the specialized Pinkerton Provincial Reports.

BABIES LAST YEAR This is the number of recorded b i r t h s including multiple bir ths . Interviewers were instructed t o emphasize tha t these were l i v e b i r t h s including babies who only l ived for a few minutes.

INFANT DEATHS, MALE INFANT DEATHS, and FEMALE INFANT DEATHS These are the cumulation of reported deaths of in fan ts under one vear.

MATERNAL DEATHS This does not appear on the vi l lage pr intout but i s available on the tape and is a count of maternal deaths. It i s a l so available a s maternal deaths by age fo r 103 single year age categories.

EVER MARRIEDS This is a count of ever married women which should normally be smaller than the t o t a l female count.

MIGRATED-AWAY and MIGRATED-INTO These r e fe r t o the number of usual household members who have l e f t o r entered the house-

hold dwring the past year fo r any number of reasons including marriage. There is no par t icu lar reason t o expect these numbers t o balance a t the vi l lage levels. Because of the formation of new households with marriage, we might expect the migration out to exceed the migration i n a t the national level.

I N D I V I D U A L MALES This i s a single year age grouping by males and was excluded from t h i s printout.

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SOURCES

SOURCES

General Sources

1. The Afghanistan Republic Annual: 1974 and The Kabul Times Annual: 1970 (Kabul: Ministry of Information and Cul-ture, various dates). Especially items on Logar Province.

2. Amin, Hamidullah and G.B. Schilz, A Geography of Afghanistan (Omaha: Center for Afghanistan Studies, University of Nebraska at Omaha, 1976).

3. Dupree, Louis, Afghanistan (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1973).

4. Humlum, Johannes, La Geographie de ItAfghanistan (Copenhague: Gyldendal, 1959).

5. Smith, H.H. et. al. (ed.), Area Handbook for Afghanistan - - (Washington: U.S. Government Printing Office, 1969).

Afghan Demographic Studies Sources (Partial List Only) and Related Sources of Limited Availability

6. Eighmy, T.H., Geographic Aspects of Afghanistan National Demographic

'LII Survey. Demographic Research Report Series No. 11 (Kabul: Afghan Demographic Studies and Central Statistics Office, 1975). Partly reprinted in Item 9 below.

7. Eighmy, T.H., Population and Labor Availability of Rural Afghan- istan with Reference to the Helrand-Arghandad Valley Authority Washington, 1976. Report to USAID.

Graham, S., et. al., National Demographic and Family Guidance Survey of the Settled Population of Afghanistan (Buffalo: State University of New York, 1975)

8. Volume 1: Demography and Knowledge Attitudes and Practices of Family Guidance.

9. Volume 2: Methodology (Especially Statistical Aspects).

10. Volume 3: Tables (Computer Printouts).

11. Volume 5: Demgraphic, Social and Economic Statistics.

SOURCES CONTINUED

12. Volume 6: Occupation and Work Place Statistics (The above two items are Pinkerton Computer Consultants special computer printouts, some on a provincial basis).

13. A Provisional Gazetteer of Afghanistan. 3 Volumes. (Kabul: Afghan Demographic Studies and Central Statistics Office, 1975). See especially Introduction in Volume 1.