Affection of digestive accessory

organs

LiverA.Congenital abnormalities1)Ectopia and increase number of lobes.

2)Congenital absence of the portal vein or intrahepatic portal broaches

Liver

B. Acquired lesions1)Injury

• Fracture and displacement of the ribs or sharp object migrating through intestinal wall.

• Severe trauma may result avulsion of vena cava which due to death within thirty minutes.

Diagnosis1)Radiography.2)Paracentesis.3)Endoscapy.

Treatment Whole blood. Antibiotic (penicillin) Glucose infusion. Surgical operation.

Liver

2)Abscess

• Caused by pyogenic organism may metastasis from adjacent visora or organs introduce into portal blood.

• Clinical signs

1. Exhibited malaise and loss of condition.2. Epagastric pain may be with fever.

• Treatment: Surgical drainage and antibiotic.

Liver

3)Neoplasm

Primary liver tumors are more common than metastasis to the lungs and hepatic artery.

Treatment: Surgical removed.

Liver

4)Chronic fibrosis and cirrhosis

The toxin or circulatory impairment can result in replacement of normal liver parenchyma with fibrous tissue.

Hepatotoxic drags such as carbon tetrachloride may cause extensive necrosis of the liver and subsequent fibrosis.

Liver

1)Tumors Diagnosis1. Paracentesis presence of fresh blood.2. Microscopic examination.3. Culturing of aspirated blood growth of

tumor cells.4. X-rays.5. Endoscope.

Treatment: Splenectomy

Spleen

2)Rupture

Splenic rupture is common following automobile injuries or sudden blows.

Diagnosis1. History of trauma.2. Evidence of shock.3. Abdominal tenderness.4. Abdominal paracentesis.

Treatment: Splenectomy.

Spleen

3)Torsion of the splenic pedicle

Torsion of the splenic pedicle may occur suddenly Acute venous obstruction.

Clinical signs:1. Splenic enlargement.2. Progressive anemia, hypotension,

bilirubinuria and evidence of gastrointestinal disorder such as vomiting, colic, and gastric tympeny.

Spleen

Treatment:1.Whole blood transfusion.2.Corrected immediately or splenectomy.

4)AbscessAbscesses of the spleen accompany

pyemia.

5)CystRarely occurs.

Spleen

Complications of splenectomy

1.Hemorrhage.2.Injury to the tail of the pancreas.3.Abscess.4.Gastric perforation.

Splenectomy

Indication of splenectomy

1.Splenic neoplasm.2.Splenic rupture.3.Splenic infarction4.Splenic torsion.5.Splenic abscess.

Splenectomy

Clinical signs

1.Emaciation.2.Ascitis.

Diagnosis1.Clinical signs.2.Laperotomy.3.Endoscopy.

Splenectomy