Universidad de Guayaquil Facultad de Ingeniera Industrial Carrera de Ingeniera en Teleinformtica Tema: Uso de las telecomunicaciones para programas aeroespaciales. Apolo 13

University of GuayaquilSchool of Industrial EngineeringEngineering in TeleinformticaTopic:Use of telecommunications to aerospace programs.Apollo 13Subject:Management foundationMembers of the research team:Kevin Adam mere Obaco Salazar Montiel YeraldineEdson Gomez QuimisAssumption Andrea TomalaTeacher:MSc. Diogenes DiazCourse:3D

TELECOMMUNICATIONS

The Telecommunications is a communication technique for transmitting a bidirectional normally message remotely (any information, either signs, signals, data, images, voice, sound), in the modern world, this includes telephony, data transmission , radio, telegraph, fax, television, on aerospace programs.

By the 1960s the use of telecommunications to the development of communication satellites and the beginning of the Internet is developed by 1969.

1980s appear to digital networks and by 1993 the commercial use of the Internet is allowed while extending worldwide using fiber optics which allows the flow of large amounts of information. For 2001, a satellite made in Europe the first transmission of digital cinema.

Technology space

This arrival has space, use and maintenance of different systems (vital, or testing) during the stay in space or flight space andthe return of people and things from space.Space technology has multiple uses: from the very specific and related to fields of highly specialized research to those perceived in everyday life as checking the weather forecast, watch TV satellite dish or use a GPS device.

Starts

The main motivation for space research programs between 1950 and 1970, was the development of ballistic missiles to increase the military might of the United States and the Soviet Union.

Space technology began in 1957, when the Soviets sent into orbit Sputnik 1, which would be its first artificial satellite. The following year, the United States launched its first satellite, Explorer 1.

This triggered a strong interest on the space issue around the world, in the late 50's, it represented a new era in communications, space was no longer a limit.

With time, space research has techniques and applications, making satellites vital to the survival of the human infrastructure, such as: 1. Telecommunications 2. Aerospace 3. Meteorology 4 .. Space sciences 5. Astronautics 6. Satellite technologies

Aerospace industry

The aerospace industry is the industry that deals with the design, manufacture, marketing and maintenance aircraft (airplanesHelicopters, vehicles unmanned aerial missiles, etc.), ships space and rockets, as well as specific equipment associated (propulsion, navigation systems, etc.).

It is one of the activities of the economic sector of aeronautics, automotive and space industries. These sectors are closely linked to the activities of supply of military equipment, and their consequent use for destructive purposes.

The aerospace industry is implementing aviation activities to flights into outer space, the application for the defense military purposes In the EU, companies: EADS, BAE SystemsThales, Dassault, Saab and Finmeccanica account for a large part of the aerospace and effort research.

Con the European Space Agency as one of the biggest consumers of technology and aerospace products.

Telecommunications in aerospace industry.

Within this industry has established lines of technological research of interest or priority, the following: communications systems; radar technologies, sensors and antennas; integration of signal sources; technologies associated ground segment; navigation and control technologies; banks and integration of equipment, materials and structures, systems for the integration of controlled airspace.

Spacecraft and artificial satellites are controlled from Earth, although many of the exercises can also be done by astronauts who live there. In this ground-space monitoring it is known as Mission Control.

The ground system monitoring spaceflight interacts directly with the computer of the ship and at the same time, with the astronauts. For that radio equipment specially designed for this purpose, which should work with very good reliability and with minimum interference as possible to avoid mistakes that can be fatal used.

At present they can travel television images between space and Earth vehicles as well as communication via Internet, linking computers. It is also important to link the aircraft sensors and other devices that send signals to Earth continuously for monitoring and control of it.

Today, with the development of technology, an astronaut can feel at home when you make a long flight. Chat with your family or upgrade your own blog can be some of the benefits of space-to-ground communications.

Astronauts use sophisticated computerized navigation systems and, like sailors, stargazers to measure the position and direction of the spacecraft. Meanwhile, on land, tracking systems that determine the location of the craft from the planet Earth they are used.

Control of unmanned aircraft

Since the first satellite was launched into space to the present day communication systems they have been refined. Control unmanned aircraft is a clear evidence of this. At present not only these systems are used to control the satellites, but also to attack and spy planes such as the Drones.

Unmanned aircraft have several video cameras that are multiplexed in order to transmit images that are received at the ground control station. These signals are captured by an antenna which is oriented toward the location of the aircraft.

To For this purpose a system that is used Autotracking redirects the antenna automatically, but an operator must always be at a computer to guide the antenna manually if necessary.

The unmanned spacecraft and robotic are those who have no human on board and are usually under control robotic tele (Remote control of robots). Many space missions are most appropriate for the robotic tele that for manned operations because of cost and risk. The planetary destinations like Venus or Jupiter are too hostile for human survival and planets such as Saturn, Uranus and Neptune are too distant to achieve with current technology of spaceflight, so the probes robotic tele They are the only way to explore them.

Other data It refers to how are communications and control of ships between Mars and Earth. Curiosity communicates with the base by three main terrestrial communications antennas found the back which are used to send and receive data directly to us and communicate with vehicles Mars Odyssey and Mars Reconnaissance found in orbit around the planet Mars .

One of the antennas Curiosity works in the UHF band of 400 MHz, used only for short range and is used to establish links with orbiters.

The other two antennas are far reaching and communicate directly with the antennas of the Deep Space Network (DSN), an international network of antennas located around the globe that provide communications links between scientists and the various space missions in the Earth in order to maintain a more effective control system.

Apollo 13Apollo 13 was the seventh manned mission of the Apollo program of the United States of America and third order of alunizar.

The ship was launched on April 11, 1970 at 13:13 hours. The landing was aborted due to the explosion of an oxygen tank two days after takeoff, disabling the Service Module (SM), which depended on the Command Module (CM), using the Lunar Module (LM) as a lifeboat.

Despite the hardship caused by limited power, loss of cabin heat, lack of drinking water (freeze) and the critical need to repair the system debugging of carbon dioxide, the crew could return safely to the Earth on April 17.

The mission commander was James Lovell with John L. "Jack" Swigert as pilot Fred W. Haise CM and LM pilot. Swigert supplied the original Command Module Pilot Ken Mattingly, to whom the medical mission held the ground because it had been exposed to measles infection.

Throwing incident

The mission began with a small incident during takeoff, the central engine of the second stage (S-II) went off two minutes ahead of schedule. The remaining four were lit longer to compensate, and the engine of the third phase (SIV-B) and the vehicle went into a parking orbit very close to that planned initially, from which he could make a Translunar injection (TLI) successful. The central engine of the second stage was actually stopped by the system But what actually happened was that the oxygen tank No. 2, one of the two tanks on the service module had exploded. Teflon insulation damaged in the wires leading to the fans in the tank 2 allowed the cables short-circuited.

The increased pressure resulting fire beyond its limit and the dome of the tank broke, filling the compartment fuel cells (Sector 4) oxygen which expanded rapidly.

But what actually happened was that the oxygen tank No. 2, one of the two tanks on the service module had exploded. Teflon insulation damaged in the wires leading to the fans in the tank 2 allowed the cables short-circuited. The resulting increased pressure fire beyond its limit and the dome of the tank broke, filling the compartment fuel cells (Sector 4) oxygen which expanded rapidly.

The invention that saved the lives of the astronauts of Apollo 13

What you see above is the mother of all hacks space, an impromptu invention that saved the lives of the astronauts of the Apollo 13 emergency while returning to Earth. The photo was taken just during the flight back with a Hasselblad camera crew.

The Apollo 13 mission was the seventh manned Apollo program and the third with the intention of landing on the moon. It was not possible. The explosion of an oxygen tank in the service module caused the control center canceled the plans. The astronauts moved the lunar module to save energy then need to re-enter the Earth's atmosphere.

The problem with this plan is that the lunar module was designed only to accommodate two people for 36 hours, 3 astronauts for 96 hours.

Are They realized that the air was dangerously saturated carbon dioxide, which put their lives in danger. They had to replace the circular exhaust CO2 lunar module for a clean, but only had extra extractors in the command module, and another quadrangular design.

In record time, engineers drive systems Apollo 13, on Earth, mission created a makeshift adapter using all kinds of components that astronauts were available from the top of a flight manual to socks.

The aim was to unite the extractors / containers homers command module with circular lunar module, carrying the air through a makeshift hose. This "invention" was called "mailboxThe control unit on Earth astronauts transmitted instructions on how to assemble it all in record time. You can consult these instructions, step by step, here (in English). Actual images (and fictional, film Apollo 13) are already part of the history of space exploration.

Bibliography:

http: //www.artinaid.com/2013/04/la-telecomunicacion/http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tecnolog%C3%ADa_espacialhttp://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Industria_aeroespacialhttp://www.ai.org.mx/ai/archivos/coloquios/especialidades/edo-arte-ing/Comunicaciones%20Espaciales%20y%20la%20Agencia%20Espacial%20Mexicana.pdfhttp://www.astromia.com/astronomia/comunicacion.htmhttp://www.astromia.com/astronomia/controlnaves.htm

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