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‘Effective communications to
improve health and safety on
farms’Dr. John McNamara,
Teagasc National OHS Specialist
Adjunct Associate Professor, UCD
Agenda of Presentation
▪ Introduction
▪ Research & Knowledge Exchange
▪ Reaching Out to Older Families,
Farm Workers and Families
▪ EU COST Action – OSH in
Agriculture
▪ Discussion
2
Farming In Ireland
▪ 139,000 Farms
▪ Circa 400,000 at Risk
- Children/ Working /Older Generation
▪ Mainly Self-employment (92%).
▪ Average age circa 58.
▪ Workload a major current issue.
▪ Culture Positive to Safety ( c 60%)
▪ Self-employment a Major OHS Challenge (ERSI)
3
Accident Definition
▪ Impact of energy or
impedance of a vital
body function.
▪ Multi-causal:
- Behaviour (90%)
- Physical
4
Farm Safety a ‘Wicked’ Problem –
multifactorial and challenging to solve.
5
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018
~N
o. o
f D
eath
s Total
17-64
65+
0-16
Irish Trends in Fatal Farm Accidents
2010 -2018
6
Where is the Safety Problem ?
Integration of the Public Health Model and Social-
ecologic Framework. Source: Runyan (2003)
7
Farm OHS Management a
Crucial Issue !
• UK HSE Farmer
Study (2017)
- 45% Planners
- 14% Pragmatists
- 18% Risk Takers
- 23% Unclear
- ‘Unclear’ need
on-going
support
8
Teagasc Advisors – ‘Farmers
forget about Safety when
pressure comes on’.
Farmer Management Crucial
Research
▪ Evidence Based Programmes crucial
to identify problems and target
solutions
9
Agr OSH Research in Ireland
▪ Teagasc and H.S.A.
▪ H.S.A. : E.R.S.I. / Noble Denton (UK)
▪ DAFM Stimulus Funding – Be SAFE
▪ International Studies of Relevance.
▪ Diploma/Degree Students
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Teagasc
Teagasc Presentation Footer11
Farm Accident levels. (H.S.A) Dr Anne Finnegan
Code of Practice RA (H.S.A.). Dr John McNamara
Geo-demographic study (H.S.A.) Dr David Meredith
Animal Welfare and Safety Dr Mickeal Mazurek.
Impact of Disability Dr Shane Whelan
H2S from Spent Mushroom Compost Dr. Balasubramanian Velusami
MSD’s among Farmers ( H.S.A). Dr Aoife Osborne
Rural Suicide Prevention Dr Maria Feeney
Knowledge Transfer (M.Sc) Ms Marion Fox
Social Support (DGs)(H.S.A.) PhD Study commenced 2016
Farmer Health Change To commence 2017
Livestock Safety (DAFM Stimulus) Niamh Woods
12
Main Causes of deaths in Agriculture and Forestry
over last 10 years 2009-2018
Tractor, Vehicles , 61, 30%
Machinery, 43, 21%
Livestock, 33, 16%
Fall from Height, 21,
10%
Drowning/Gas, 19, 9%
Falling Objects, 14, 7%
Timber, 10, 5%Electricity, 3,
1%Other, 3, 1%
Total 207
Changing causes of Farm
Deaths
13
Trends in Farm Injuries ( Teagasc NFS)
14
0
500
1,000
1,500
2,000
2,500
3,000
3,500
1996 2001 2006 2011 2017
No
. o
f a
cc
ide
nts
Accident Occurrence 2012-
2017
15
0%
2%
4%
6%
8%
10%
12%
14%
16%
18%
20%
Dairy Cattle Rearing Cattle Finishing Sheep Tillage
Research Summary
▪ Having reliable research evidence is
crucial to drive OSH programmes
▪ Research Evidence in its own right is
a valuable tool for Communicating
OSH messages.
▪ Knowledge Exchange enhances
usage of research evidence.
16
Knowledge Exchange
▪ Victim Testimonials – Survivor Stories
▪ Media Communications
▪ Legal Strategies
▪ Extension Strategies
▪ Partnership
17
Sacurima Participants
18
Victim Testimonial
▪ Powerful - needs
media budget.
▪ Useful for targeting
specific issues.
▪ ‘Halo Effect’ and ‘
Wave Effect’ –indicates
that behaviour change
is short lived.
19
Legal Requirements
▪ Safety, Health and Welfare at Work Act, 2005
▪ ‘Do everything ‘so far as is reasonably practicable’ .
▪ Require a Risk Assessment ( 3 or less employees) or a Safety Statement.
▪ Employer has the primary duty
- provide a safe place and system of work etc
20
Comparison between Enforcement and
Extension ( In Extremis).
21
Dimension Enforcement Extension
Authority Legislative Trust
Engagement Limited On-going
Focus Compliance Client benefit
•Extension ‘enables’ human development. Making
progress is multi-factorial and extension plays a
crucial enabling role.
• Extension now called ‘Knowledge Brokering’ and
is applied also to Research Adoption.
• ‘Intermediaries’ influence OSH Adoption.
OSH Inspections in Ireland
▪ Positively received
▪ Campaigns – Specific Focus: Livestock; Machinery; Falls from Heights
▪ Media Coverage and Reporting on Findings.
▪ Enforcement/ Prosecution
▪ Behaviour Change – limited effect on long term behaviour change ( Rich, 1999)
22
Risk Assessment Document
▪ RAD – A legal requirement.
▪ Half-day Training required for DAFM,
TAMS11 Drawdown ( Important
Incentive for Engagement).
▪ Completion required for Food
Assurance Schemes.
▪ Use if Fully
23
Risk Assessment Document –
use as Guide for Standards.
24
Execellent Information
25
Farm Safety COP Risk Assessment
Implementation of RAD Controls
Implemented
Controls
Farm Satisfactory Score (%) Significance
Yes No
P=0.001Yes 92.1 7.9
No 56.5 43.5
Key Messages: Implementation of
Controls is the Crucial Step in OHS
Management
27
Controls (No. 1414) Specified in
Risk Assessment document
Physical: Vehicles/ Machinery (42%), Livestock
(14.6%); Farmyard and Buildings (12.7%);
Electricity (8.8%).
Practices: Children & Older Farmers (1.4%);
Health issues (8.9%)
28
Physical Practices
92.4% 7.6%
Advice Provision with/ without
Training
29
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
Any
Advice
Office
Consult.
Phone
Consult.
Farm
Visit
Advisory
Event
Other
Advisory Activity.
%
Pilot
Non-Pilot
Theory of Planned Behaviour (Irish study for H.S.A.)
Teagasc Presentation Footer30
Discussion Groups- application to OSH
• Meet circa Monthly.
• Facilitated
• Consider current Farm
Management Issues.
• Semi-democratic.
• DAFM KT Programme OSH
• Have been shown to
Increase Adoption
• Can they increase OSH
adoption ? - Study in
Progress . 31
Discussion Group OSH Engagement
32
Partnership Approach
▪ H.S.A.
▪ Teagasc (have MOU with H.S,A.).
▪ DAFM
▪ Farm Safety Partnership –Farming Organisations.
▪ Farm Safety Action Plan –organisations tackle specific goals.
33
Children
▪ Low ‘mention’ in research surveys.
▪ Childhood COP –similar to UK
▪ Irish Statement 2014: ‘ Children under 7 on Tractors’.
▪ Research USA: Marshfield Wisconsin.
- Parents are influential.
▪ Specific Events for Childhood safety.
34
Recent Childhood Event
35
Older Farmers
▪ Fatal Accidents increase with Age
▪ Numerous studies in USA (One Study 5 fold increase)
▪ Behaviours leant in earlier life.
▪ Workload
▪ Influential Persons – change routines
▪ Retirement/ succession Culture – e.g. Scandinavian Model.
36
Employed Workers
▪ In Ireland – increasing Employed Workforce
▪ Employer – Employee Contract
▪ - Employer strong OSH duties vis-a-vis Self-employment
▪ Risk Assessment: H.S.A. Be Smart Electronic RA tool for Professional Workers.
37
EU COST Action : SACURIMA
http://www.cost.eu/COST_Actions/ca/CA16123
As of April 2019:
30 Countries
52 Members
27 Substitute members
2 (+5) Observers
Overall objective of COST (Cooperation in Science and Technology) Actions:
Get-to-know fellow scientists to stimulate Collaboration and Application to
EU S&T grant aided projects: e.g. Thematic Networks; Horizon 2020 Europe
projects.
Objectives in Sacurima
▪ 1) Identify and evaluate agricultural health and safety programmes and approaches on the national level;
▪ 2) Identify knowledge, attitudes, behaviours and priorities among farmers regarding safety, health and risk management;
▪ 3) Identify effective models for training and integrating vulnerable populations (including refugees and young workers) into the agricultural workforce;
▪ 4) Develop means and indicators for monitoring progress and evaluating impact of interventions on injuries and illnesses in agriculture; and
▪ 5) Disseminate results to stakeholders and the agricultural community.
Sacurima Progress
▪ At Half- Way point (2 years).
▪ 10 Scientific Papers in Preparation
▪ Pan European Briefing session planned for 2019:
- Media,
- Parliamentarians,
- Farming Organisations.
40
Discussion
▪ Questions Please.
▪ Contact details
▪ Researchgate:
https://www.researchgate.net/profile/J
ohn_Mcnamara3
▪ www.teagasc.ie
41
