AEDT2b_TechManual

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Aviation Environmental

Design Tool (AEDT)

Technical Manual

Version 2b

Service Pack 3

June 2016


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Standard Form 298 (Rev. 8-98Prescribed by ANSI-Std Z39-18

REPORT DOCUMENTATION PAGEForm Approved

OMB No. 0704-0188

Public reporting burden for this collection of information is estimated to average 1 hour per response, including the time for reviewing instructions, searching data sources,gathering and maintaining the data needed, and completing and reviewing the collection of information. Send comments regarding this burden estimate or any other aspect of this collectionof information, including suggestions for reducing this burden to Washington Headquarters Service, Directorate for Information Operations and Reports,1215 Jefferson Davis Highway, Suite 1204, Arlington, VA 22202-4302, and to the Office of Management and Budget,Paperwork Reduction Project (0704-0188) Washington, DC 20503.

PLEASE DO NOT RETURN YOUR FORM TO THE ABOVE ADDRESS.1. REPORT DATE (DD-MM-YYYY)03-05-2016

2. REPORT TYPEFinal

3. DATES COVERED (From - To)May 2015 to April 2016

4. TITLE AND SUBTITLE

Aviation Environmental Design Tool (AEDT)Technical ManualVersion 2bService Pack 3

5a. CONTRACT NUMBER

DTRT57-10-D-300235b. GRANT NUMBER

5c. PROGRAM ELEMENT NUMBER

6. AUTHOR(S)

U.S. DOT Volpe Center:Ahearn, MeghanBoeker, EricGorshkov, SlavaHansen, AndrewHwang, SunjeKoopmann, JonathanMalwitz, AndrewNoel, GeorgeReherman, ClaySenzig, DavidSolman, Gina BarberioTosa, YasunariWilson, AndrewZubrow, Alexis

FAA:Didyk, NicoleDiPardo, JoeGrandi, FabioMajeed, Mohammed

ATAC Corp:Bernal, JoseDinges, EricRickel, DeniseYaworski, MichaelCSSI, Inc.Hall, CliffordMetron Aviation

Augustine, Stephen

5d. PROJECT NUMBERFA4SCL

5e. TASK NUMBERPA727

5f. WORK UNIT NUMBER

7. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME(S) AND ADDRESS(ES)U.S. Department of TransportationVolpe National Transportation Systems Center

55 BroadwayCambridge, MA 02142

8. PERFORMING ORGANIZATIONREPORT NUMBER

DOT-VNTSC-FAA-16-11

9. SPONSORING/MONITORING AGENCY NAME(S) AND ADDRESS(ES)U.S. Department of TransportationFederal Aviation AdministrationOffice of Environment and Energy (AEE-100)800 Independence Ave. SWWashington, DC 20591

10. SPONSOR/MONITOR'S ACRONYM(S)FAA

11. SPONSORING/MONITORINGAGENCY REPORT NUMBER

12. DISTRIBUTION AVAILABILITY STATEMENT

This report is part of the AEDT 2b software release. It is publicly available.

13. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES

FAA Program Managers: Nicole Didyk, Joseph Dipardo, Mohammed Majeed, Jeetendra Upadhyay

14. ABSTRACTThe Federal Aviation Administration, Office of Environment and Energy (FAA-AEE) has developed the AviationEnvironmental Design Tool (AEDT) version 2b software system with the support of the following development team:FAA, National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), U.S. DOT Volpe National Transportation Systems Center(Volpe Center), ATAC Corporation, Metron Aviation, Wyle Laboratories, CSSI, Inc., Foliage, MIT, and Georgia Tech.

AEDT 2b models aircraft performance in space and time to estimate fuel consumption, emissions, noise, and air qualityconsequences. AEDT is designed to process individual studies ranging in scope from a single flight at an airport toscenarios at the regional, national, and global levels. This Technical Manual describes the technical methodology in

AEDT 2b Service Pack 3.


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15. SUBJECT TERMSaircraft acoustics, aircraft emissions, aircraft performance, FAA, AEDT, air traffic, airspace, noise contours, impactevaluation, change analysis, environmental impact statement, environmental assessment, air quality, emissionsdispersion16. SECURITY CLASSIFICATION OF: 17. LIMITATION OF

ABSTRACTUU

18. NUMBEROF PAGES382

19a. NAME OF RESPONSIBLE PERSONAlexis Zubrow

a. REPORTUnclassified

b. ABSTRACTUnclassified

c. THIS PAGEUnclassified

19b. TELEPONE NUMBER (Include area code)(617) 494-3857


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Aviation Environmental Design Tool 2b Technical Manual

i

PREFACE

This document is the Technical Manual for the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) Office of

Environment and Energy (AEE) Aviation Environmental Design Tool Version 2b Service Pack 3 (AEDT 2bSP3) computer software, which is designed to compute noise, fuel consumption, emissions, and air

quality consequences.

The USDOT Volpe National Transportation Systems Center (Volpe Center), the ATAC Corporation,

Metron Aviation, CSSI, Inc., and the FAA AEE have jointly prepared this document.

DISCLAIMER

This document was produced by USDOT Volpe National Transportation Systems Center (Volpe Center),the ATAC Corporation, Metron Aviation, and CSSI, Inc., staff, who are responsible for the facts and

accuracy of the material presented herein. The contents do not necessarily reflect the official views or

policy of the U.S. Department of Transportation or the Federal Aviation Administration. This AEDT 2b

Technical Manual does not constitute a standard, specification, or regulation.

AEDT uses data and methods from the EUROCONTROL Base of Aircraft Data (BADA). BADA is a

tool owned by EUROCONTROL 2016. All rights reserved.

Users of AEDT must follow the terms and conditions of their BADA license agreement with

EUROCONTROL.

BADA is provided on a strict "AS IS" basis, without any warranty of any kind either express or

implied including but not limited to the implied warranties of merchantability, fitness for a particular

purpose, title and non-infringement.

Neither EUROCONTROL nor any third party (in particular aircraft manufacturers) warrant that

BADA will be error-free or that such errors will be corrected. The BADA licensee is solely responsible for

all costs and expenses associated with rectification, repair, or dame caused by such errors.

Neither EUROCONTROL nor any third party (in particular aircraft manufacturers) shall be liable

to the BADA licensee or to any other party for any loss or damage whatsoever or howsoever arising

directly or indirectly in connection with BADA or its use.


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TABLE OF CONTENTS

PREFACE.......................................................................................................................................................................... I

DISCLAIMER .................................................................................................................................................................... I

TABLE OF CONTENTS ..................................................................................................................................................... II

LIST OF TABLES ........................................................................................................................................................... XIII

LIST OF FIGURES ....................................................................................................................................................... XVII

INTRODUCTION .................................................................................................................................................... 1

1.1 OVERVIEW .................................................................................................................................................... 1

1.2 SYSTEM ARCHITECTURE ............................................................................................................................... 1

1.3 ABOUT THIS TECHNICAL MANUAL ............................................................................................................... 2

1.4 TERMINOLOGY ............................................................................................................................................. 3

1.5 ABBREVIATIONS ......................................................................................................................................... 16

DATA ................................................................................................................................................................... 19

2.1 AEDT DATABASES ....................................................................................................................................... 19

2.1.1 Overview ................................................................................................................................................ 19

2.1.2 Study Database ...................................................................................................................................... 19

2.1.3 Airport Database.................................................................................................................................... 20

2.1.4 Fleet Database ....................................................................................................................................... 21

2.1.5 Equipment Operations (Study) ............................................................................................................... 21

2.2 INPUT DATA................................................................................................................................................ 22

2.2.1 Summary of Input Data for Noise Computation .................................................................................... 22

Noise-Power-Distance (NPD) Data Sets ........................................................................................ 23

Spectral Data Sets ......................................................................................................................... 26

Helicopter Static Directivity Data Sets .......................................................................................... 27

Helicopter Operational Mode Adjustment ................................................................................... 27

Helicopter Speed Coefficients ....................................................................................................... 28

Receptor Information .................................................................................................................... 28

Noise Metric Information .............................................................................................................. 29

2.2.2 Summary of Input Data for Emissions Inventory Computation.............................................................. 32

Aircraft Operations ....................................................................................................................... 34

Auxiliary Power Unit (APU) ........................................................................................................... 34

Ground Support Equipment (GSE) ................................................................................................ 35

Boilers and Space Heaters ............................................................................................................. 36

Emergency Generator ................................................................................................................... 37


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Incinerator..................................................................................................................................... 38

Aircraft Engine Testing .................................................................................................................. 39

Fuel Tank ....................................................................................................................................... 39

Surface Coating/Painting .............................................................................................................. 40

Deicing Area .................................................................................................................................. 40

Solvent Degreaser ......................................................................................................................... 40

Sand/Salt Pile ................................................................................................................................ 40

Training Fire .................................................................................................................................. 41

Other Stationary Sources ........................................................................................................... 41

MOVES Emissions Inventory File ................................................................................................... 42

2.2.3 External Data ......................................................................................................................................... 43

Weather Data for Aircraft Performance Modeling ....................................................................... 43

2.2.3.1.1 Weather Data Interpolation .................................................................................................. 43

2.2.3.1.2 Weather Cache Processing .................................................................................................... 44

2.2.3.1.3 Weather Data Retrieval ......................................................................................................... 45

Terrain Data .................................................................................................................................. 45

2.2.3.2.1 Terrain for Emissions Modeling ............................................................................................. 45

2.2.3.2.2 Terrain for Noise Modeling .................................................................................................... 45

Boundary ....................................................................................................................................... 46

Demographics ............................................................................................................................... 46

Ambient Concentrations for Air Quality Analysis .......................................................................... 46

Ambient Background Noise Data for Noise Analyses.................................................................... 47

Application of Ambient Background Noise Data for Time Audible Metrics .................................. 47

AIRCRAFT PERFORMANCE .................................................................................................................................. 49

3.1 TRAJECTORIES ............................................................................................................................................ 49

3.1.1 Properties ............................................................................................................................................... 49

3.1.2 Targets ................................................................................................................................................... 50

3.2 PERFORMANCE MODEL ............................................................................................................................. 50

3.3 WEATHER MODEL ...................................................................................................................................... 51

3.3.1 Common Elements ................................................................................................................................. 52

Pressure Altitude ........................................................................................................................... 52

Temperature Deviation from ISA .................................................................................................. 52

3.3.2 Airport Average Atmospheric Models .................................................................................................... 52

AEDT Thermodynamic Profiles ...................................................................................................... 52


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Omnidirectional Wind ................................................................................................................... 53

3.3.3 High-Fidelity Weather Model ................................................................................................................. 53

3.4 FUEL CONSUMPTION MODELS ................................................................................................................... 54

3.4.1 Fixed-Wing BADA Fuel Consumption ..................................................................................................... 54

Fixed-Wing BADA Fuel Consumption - Turbofan engines ............................................................. 54

Fixed-Wing BADA Fuel Consumption - Turboprop engines .......................................................... 55

Fixed-Wing BADA Fuel Consumption - Piston engines .................................................................. 55

Fixed-Wing BADA Fuel Consumption-Cruise State ....................................................................... 56

3.4.2 Fixed-Wing Senzig-Fleming-Iovinelli Fuel Consumption - Turbofan engine ........................................... 56

SFI Fuel Consumption-Turbofan engine, departure ...................................................................... 56

SFI Fuel Consumption-Turbofan engine, arrival ............................................................................ 57

3.4.3 BFFM2 Fixed-Wing Fuel Consumption ................................................................................................... 57

3.4.4 Helicopter Fuel Consumption ................................................................................................................. 58

3.5 GROUND TRACK ......................................................................................................................................... 58

3.5.1 Ground Track Definition and Computation ............................................................................................ 58

3.5.2 Points from Vectors ................................................................................................................................ 62

3.5.3 Radius of Curvature ............................................................................................................................... 63

3.6 PROFILE-DRIVEN FLIGHT PERFORMANCE .................................................................................................. 64

3.6.1 Local Weather ........................................................................................................................................ 64

3.6.2 Airplane Profile Calculation ................................................................................................................... 64

Temporal and Trackwise Alignment .............................................................................................. 64

Thrust Specification....................................................................................................................... 67

3.6.2.2.1 Thrust Value ........................................................................................................................... 67

3.6.2.2.2 Thrust Rating.......................................................................................................................... 68

3.6.2.2.3 Minimum Engine-Out ............................................................................................................ 69

True Airspeed ................................................................................................................................ 70

Displaced Thresholds and Threshold Crossing Heights ................................................................. 70

Profile Components ...................................................................................................................... 70

3.6.2.5.1 Fixed Point ............................................................................................................................. 71

3.6.2.5.2 Takeoff Ground Roll Step ....................................................................................................... 71

3.6.2.5.3 Constant-CAS Climb Step ....................................................................................................... 73

3.6.2.5.4 Accelerating Climb Step by Climb Rate .................................................................................. 75

3.6.2.5.5 Accelerating Climb Step by Energy Share .............................................................................. 77

3.6.2.5.6 Cruise-Climb Step................................................................................................................... 77


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3.6.2.5.7 Descent Step .......................................................................................................................... 78

3.6.2.5.8 Deceleration-Sensitive Descend Step .................................................................................... 79

3.6.2.5.9 Idle Descend Step .................................................................................................................. 81

3.6.2.5.10 Level Step ............................................................................................................................... 82

3.6.2.5.11 Deceleration-Sensitive Level Step ......................................................................................... 82

3.6.2.5.12 Level-Idle Step ....................................................................................................................... 83

3.6.2.5.13 Fit-to-Track Step .................................................................................................................... 84

3.6.2.5.14 Landing Ground Roll Step ...................................................................................................... 84

3.6.2.5.15 Decelerate Step ..................................................................................................................... 85

3.6.3 Helicopter Profile ................................................................................................................................... 85

Helicopter Procedure Steps .......................................................................................................... 87

3.6.4 Flight Path Calculation ........................................................................................................................... 88

3-D Flight Path Construction ......................................................................................................... 88

Flight Path Length Adjustments .................................................................................................... 89

Optional Taxi Segment .................................................................................................................. 89

3.6.5 Bank Angle Treatment ........................................................................................................................... 90

Bank Angle Smoothing and Filtering ............................................................................................. 90

Bank Angle Performance Effects ................................................................................................... 92

3.6.5.2.1 Common Elements ................................................................................................................ 93

3.6.5.2.2 Approach ............................................................................................................................... 93

3.6.5.2.3 Departure .............................................................................................................................. 93

3.7 TRAJECTORY-DRIVEN FLIGHT PERFORMANCE ........................................................................................... 94

3.7.1 Altitude Control Flights .......................................................................................................................... 94

Overall Algorithm .......................................................................................................................... 96

SAE-AIR-1845/Doc 29 Override of Uncontrolled Path .................................................................. 96

3.7.1.2.1 Analysis of Flight to or from an Altitude Control ................................................................... 97

3.7.1.2.2 Analysis of Flight to Candidate Altitude ................................................................................. 98

3.7.1.2.3 Speed Schedule .................................................................................................................... 100

3.7.1.2.4 Flap Schedule and Selection ................................................................................................ 101

3.7.1.2.5 Procedural CAS Progression................................................................................................. 101

3.7.1.2.6 Procedural Altitude Progression .......................................................................................... 102

BADA Implementation ................................................................................................................ 103

3.7.1.3.1 BADA General Discussion .................................................................................................... 103

3.7.1.3.2 Clipping SAE-AIR-1845/Doc 29 Performance ....................................................................... 109


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3.7.1.3.3 En-Route Recalculation for Departure Operations .............................................................. 110

3.7.1.3.4 Approach Operations ........................................................................................................... 112

3.7.1.3.5 Overflight Operations .......................................................................................................... 113

3.7.2 Sensor Path Flights ............................................................................................................................... 116

Preliminary Processing ................................................................................................................ 116

Terminal Area .............................................................................................................................. 117

En-route ...................................................................................................................................... 117

3.8 NOISE MODE ............................................................................................................................................ 119

NOISE ................................................................................................................................................................ 120

4.1 FLIGHT PATH SEGMENT PARAMETERS ..................................................................................................... 120

4.1.1 Closest Point of Approach and Slant Range ......................................................................................... 123

4.1.2 Speed, Altitude, Distance, and Power .................................................................................................. 124

4.2 NOISE-POWER-DISTANCE (NPD) DATA COMPUTATIONS ......................................................................... 126

4.2.1 Noise Metric Approximations .............................................................................................................. 126

Maximum Noise Level Approximation ........................................................................................ 126

C-Weighted Metric Approximation ............................................................................................. 127

4.2.2 Noise Level Interpolation/Extrapolation (LP,D) ..................................................................................... 127

Standard Noise Level Interpolation/Extrapolation ..................................................................... 127

Additional Interpolation Information for Exposure-Based Noise Level Metrics ......................... 129

Additional Interpolation Information for Maximum Noise Level Metrics .................................. 129

Noise Level Interpolation/Extrapolation for Helicopters ............................................................ 130

4.3 GENERAL AEDT NOISE ADJUSTMENTS ..................................................................................................... 130

4.3.1 Atmospheric Absorption Adjustment (AAADJ) ....................................................................................... 130

4.3.2 Acoustic Impedance Adjustment (AIADJ) ............................................................................................... 131

4.3.3 Noise Fraction Adjustment for Exposure Metrics (NFADJ) ..................................................................... 132

Noise Fraction Adjustment for Flight Path Segments ................................................................. 132

Noise Fraction Adjustment for Behind Start-of-Takeoff Roll ...................................................... 133

4.3.4 Duration Adjustment for Exposure-Based Metrics (DURADJ) ................................................................ 134

4.3.5 Lateral Attenuation Adjustment (LAADJ) ............................................................................................... 134

Lateral Attenuation Adjustment for Civil Aircraft ....................................................................... 135

Lateral Attenuation Adjustment for Military Aircraft ................................................................. 140

4.3.6 Line-of-Sight Blockage Adjustment (LOSADJ) ......................................................................................... 143

4.4 FIXED-WING AIRCRAFT ADJUSTMENTS .................................................................................................... 145

4.4.1 Thrust Reverser Adjustment (TRADJ) ..................................................................................................... 145

4.4.2 Ground-Based Directivity Adjustment (DIRADJ) ..................................................................................... 148


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4.5 HELICOPTER ADJUSTMENTS ..................................................................................................................... 149

4.5.1 Source Noise Adjustment Due to Advancing Tip Mach Number (MNADJ, Level Flyover only) ............... 149

4.5.2 Lateral Directivity Adjustment (LDADJ) .................................................................................................. 150

4.5.3 Static Directivity Adjustment (DIRHELI_ADJ) ............................................................................................. 152

4.5.4 Static Operation Duration Adjustment (tHELI_static) ................................................................................ 152

4.6 NOISE COMPUTATION .............................................................................................................................. 152

4.6.1 System Adjustments ............................................................................................................................. 155

4.6.2 Computation of Exposure-Based Noise Level Metrics .......................................................................... 156

Fixed-Wing Aircraft Flight Operations ......................................................................................... 157

Fixed-Wing Aircraft Runup Operations ....................................................................................... 157

Helicopter Flight Operations ....................................................................................................... 158

Helicopter Static Operations ....................................................................................................... 159

4.6.3 Computation of Maximum Noise Level Metrics ................................................................................... 159Fixed-Wing Aircraft Flight Operations ......................................................................................... 160

Fixed-Wing Aircraft Runup Operations ....................................................................................... 160

Helicopter Flight Operations ....................................................................................................... 161

Helicopter Static Operations ....................................................................................................... 162

4.6.4 Computation of Time-Based Metrics ................................................................................................... 162

Flight Operations ......................................................................................................................... 163

Ground Operations ..................................................................................................................... 164

Time Audible Computations........................................................................................................ 164

4.6.5 Accumulation of Noise Metric Computations ...................................................................................... 166

Noise Metric Weighting and Averaging Factors .......................................................................... 167

Accumulation of Exposure-based Noise Level Metrics ............................................................... 170

Accumulation of Maximum Noise Level Metrics ........................................................................ 171

Accumulation of Time-based Noise Metrics ............................................................................... 173

4.6.5.4.1 Additional Guidance for the Accumulation of Time Audible ............................................... 174

4.7 DYNAMIC GRID PROCESS ......................................................................................................................... 175

EMISSIONS INVENTORY .................................................................................................................................... 178

5.1 AIRCRAFT EMISSIONS ............................................................................................................................... 178

5.1.1 Airborne Emissions ............................................................................................................................... 178

Boeing Fuel Flow Method 2 ........................................................................................................ 178

First Order Approximation 3.0 Method ...................................................................................... 180

Sulfur Approximation .................................................................................................................. 184


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CO2and H2O Approximations ...................................................................................................... 184

Derivative Factors for Modeling VOC, NMHC, and TOG ............................................................. 185

Derivative Factors for Speciated Organic Gases ......................................................................... 187

5.1.2 Taxi Emissions ...................................................................................................................................... 187

5.1.3 Startup Emissions ................................................................................................................................. 189

5.1.4 Auxiliary Power Units Emissions .......................................................................................................... 189

5.2 GROUND SUPPORT EQUIPMENT (GSE) .................................................................................................... 190

5.2.1 GSE Population Processing Algorithm .................................................................................................. 190

5.2.2 Aircraft-Assigned GSE Processing Algorithm ....................................................................................... 191

5.3 STATIONARY SOURCES ............................................................................................................................. 191

EMISSIONS DISPERSION .................................................................................................................................... 194

6.1 AEDT AND AERMOD SOURCES ................................................................................................................. 194

6.2 AEDT MAP PROJECTION ........................................................................................................................... 195

6.3 EMISSIONS FROM AIRBORNE AND GROUND ROLL FLIGHT SEGMENTS ................................................... 195

6.3.1 Three-dimensional Voxel Grid in AEDT ................................................................................................ 195

6.3.2 Two-dimensional Surface Voxel Grid ................................................................................................... 196

6.3.3 Voxel Grids Aligned with a Runway ..................................................................................................... 197

Three-dimensional Aligned Voxel Grid ....................................................................................... 197

Two-dimensional Aligned Surface Voxel Grid ............................................................................. 198

6.3.4 Allocating Emissions from Flight Segments ......................................................................................... 199

6.4 EMISSIONS FROM TAXI SEGMENTS .......................................................................................................... 201

6.5 EMISSIONS FROM GATES AND TERMINALS ............................................................................................. 202

6.6 EMISSIONS FROM STATIONARY SOURCES ............................................................................................... 204

6.7 EMISSIONS FROM ROADWAYS, PARKING FACILITIES, AND CONSTRUCTION SOURCES ........................... 206

6.8 WEATHER PROCESSING ............................................................................................................................ 206

6.8.1 AERMET ............................................................................................................................................... 206

6.8.2 AERMET Output Files ........................................................................................................................... 208

6.9 TERRAIN PROCESSING .............................................................................................................................. 208

6.10 GENERATING HOURLY EMISSIONS FILES .................................................................................................. 208

6.11 GENERATING AERMOD INPUT FILES ........................................................................................................ 208

6.11.1 Weather Files ....................................................................................................................................... 208

Note to Users Outside of the United States ................................................................................ 209

6.11.2 AERMOD Input Files (.INP and .HRE) .................................................................................................... 209

6.12 RUNNING AERMOD .................................................................................................................................. 210

6.12.1 Emissions Dispersion Output Options .................................................................................................. 210


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GROUND OPERATIONS ..................................................................................................................................... 211

7.1 AIRPORT CONFIGURATIONS ..................................................................................................................... 211

7.2 CONFIGURATION ACTIVATION BASED ON ACTIVATION PARAMETERS ................................................... 211

7.3 TAXIWAY NETWORKS ............................................................................................................................... 214

7.3.1 Taxi Network Elements and Terminology ............................................................................................ 214

7.3.2 Taxi Network Algorithm Overview ....................................................................................................... 216

Step 1 Loading of Taxi Network Elements ................................................................................ 216

Step 2 Verification of Taxi Network Element Connectivity ...................................................... 216

7.3.2.2.1 Taxiway Connectivity ........................................................................................................... 217

7.3.2.2.2 Taxipath Connectivity .......................................................................................................... 219

Step 3 Calculation of Taxiway-Taxiway Intersections .............................................................. 222

Step 4 Calculation of Taxiway-Runway Intersections ............................................................... 224

Step 5 Calculation of Taxiway-Gate Intersections .................................................................... 225

Step 6 Insertion of Calculated Intersections into Taxiways...................................................... 226

Step 7 Transformation of Taxipaths ......................................................................................... 229

7.3.2.7.1 Determine Taxiway-Taxiway Intersections .......................................................................... 229

7.3.2.7.2 Determine Taxiway-Gate Intersections ............................................................................... 230

7.3.2.7.3 Determine Taxiway-Runway Intersections .......................................................................... 231

7.3.2.7.4 Fill in Intermediate Taxiway Indices .................................................................................... 232

Step 8 Generation of Node Map .............................................................................................. 233

Step 9 Generation of Network Map ......................................................................................... 236

7.3.2.9.1 Network Link Generation ..................................................................................................... 236

7.3.2.9.2 Network Path Generation .................................................................................................... 237

7.4 AIR OPERATION SCHEDULING .................................................................................................................. 239

7.4.1 Pseudorandom Number Generation .................................................................................................... 239

7.4.2 Pseudo-schedule Generation ............................................................................................................... 240

7.4.3 Schedule Generation ............................................................................................................................ 241

7.5 DELAY MODEL .......................................................................................................................................... 243

7.6 SEQUENCING MODEL ............................................................................................................................... 245

7.6.1 Sequencing Algorithm and Outputs ..................................................................................................... 250

ANNUALIZATION ............................................................................................................................................... 252

8.1 OVERVIEW ................................................................................................................................................ 252

8.2 PEAK MONTH AVERAGE DAY AND ANNUAL AVERAGE DAY ANNUALIZATIONS ....................................... 254

CHANGE ANALYSIS AND IMPACT EVALUATION ................................................................................................ 255


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9.1 CHANGE ANALYSIS ................................................................................................................................... 255

9.1.1 Change Analysis Report Statistics ........................................................................................................ 255

9.2 IMPACT EVALUATION ............................................................................................................................... 257

APPENDICES .................................................................................................................................................. 258

10.1 NOISE ADJUSTMENT AND METRIC DERIVATIONS .................................................................................... 258

10.1.1 Derivation of the Acoustic Impedance Adjustment .............................................................................. 258

10.1.2 Derivation of the Noise Exposure Fraction Adjustment, ....................................................................... 261

10.1.3 Derivation of the Time-Above Equation ............................................................................................... 265

10.1.4 Recalculation of NPD Data for Non-Reference Conditions ................................................................... 267

10.1.5 Calculating Audibility ........................................................................................................................... 275

Part I of Calculations ..................................................................................................................................... 276

Part II of Calculations .................................................................................................................................... 278

Part III of Calculations ................................................................................................................................... 279

10.2 ACOUSTIC DATA DEVELOPMENT.............................................................................................................. 280

10.2.1 Acoustic Data Development Criteria .................................................................................................... 280

10.2.2 Overview of Spectral Class Development ............................................................................................. 281

Step 1: Group Similar Aircraft/Engine Combinations .................................................................................. 282

Step 2: Visual Inspection of Potential Spectral Class Data........................................................................... 282

Step 3: Verification of Proposed Spectral Class ............................................................................................ 283

Step 4: Final Spectral Class ........................................................................................................................... 288

10.2.3 Performance and Acoustics.................................................................................................................. 289

AEDT Fleet Database Submittal Guidance for Fixed Wing Aircraft ............................................ 289

10.2.3.1.1 Data Submittal Overview ..................................................................................................... 289

10.2.3.1.2 Reference Conditions for Performance and Noise Data ...................................................... 289

10.2.3.1.3 Aircraft and Engine Data ...................................................................................................... 290

10.2.3.1.4 Guidance for Default Weights and Procedures ................................................................... 291

10.2.3.1.5 Aerodynamic Coefficients .................................................................................................... 293

10.2.3.1.6 Engine Coefficients .............................................................................................................. 293

10.2.3.1.7 Departure Procedures ......................................................................................................... 295

10.2.3.1.8 Approach Procedures .......................................................................................................... 299

10.2.3.1.9 Noise Data ........................................................................................................................... 302

AEDT Database Submittal Formfor Propellor-Driven, Fixed-Wing Aircraft ................................. 306

10.2.3.2.1 Reference Conditions For Performance Data ...................................................................... 306

10.2.3.2.2 Aircraft and Engine Data ...................................................................................................... 306


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10.2.3.2.3 Guidance for Default Weights and Procedures ................................................................... 307

10.2.3.2.4 Aerodynamic Coefficients .................................................................................................... 309

10.2.3.2.5 Engine Coefficients .............................................................................................................. 309



10.2.3.2.8 Noise Data ........................................................................................................................... 314

AEDT Fleet Database Submittal Form for Helicopters ................................................................ 318

10.2.3.3.1 Reference Conditions for Performance Data ....................................................................... 318

10.2.3.3.2 Aircraft and Engine Data ................................................................................................... 318

10.2.3.3.3 Speed Coefficients ............................................................................................................... 319



10.2.3.3.6 NOISE DATA ......................................................................................................................... 323

10.2.3.3.7 Spectral Data ....................................................................................................................... 327

10.2.3.3.8 Directivity Data for Static Operations .................................................................................. 329

10.3 AIRCRAFT NOISE AND PERFORMANCE DATA VERIFICATION AND VALIDATION ...................................... 330

10.3.1 NPD and Spectral Data Verification and Validation............................................................................. 331

Internal Consistency .................................................................................................................... 332

Comparison with NPDs of Similar Aircraft .................................................................................. 332

Reprocessing NPDs and Comparison with Manufacture Submitted NPDs ................................. 332

10.3.2 Spectral Class Assignments .................................................................................................................. 332

Normalization and Computation of Free-Field Effect ................................................................. 333

Comparison of Spectral Shape .................................................................................................... 334

Comparison of Atmospheric Absorption Effects ......................................................................... 334

Comparison of Ground Effects Calculated using AC Spectra and SC Spectra ............................. 334

Comparison of Barrier Effects Calculated using AC Spectra and SC Spectra ............................... 334

Final Assignment of Spectral Class .............................................................................................. 334

10.3.3 Performance Data Verification and Validation .................................................................................... 335

Internal Consistency .................................................................................................................... 335

Consistency with Prior Submittals .............................................................................................. 335

Reasonableness ........................................................................................................................... 335

Suitability for Varying Atmospheric Conditions .......................................................................... 335

10.3.4 Model Comparison of Submitted Data with Certification Data ........................................................... 336

10.4 EMISSIONS DISPERSION APPENDICES ...................................................................................................... 337


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10.4.1 Constructing AERMOD Rectangle Sources from a Line Segment ......................................................... 337

10.5 STATIONARY SOURCES AND TRAINING FIRES .......................................................................................... 337

10.5.1 Data Sources ........................................................................................................................................ 337

Other Category ............................................................................................................................ 337

Boilers and Space Heaters ........................................................................................................... 338

Emergency Generators ............................................................................................................... 340

Incinerators ................................................................................................................................. 341

Aircraft Engine Testing ................................................................................................................ 342

Fuel Tanks ................................................................................................................................... 343

Surface Coating ........................................................................................................................... 351

Deicing......................................................................................................................................... 351

Solvent Degreasers ..................................................................................................................... 351

Particulate Piles ........................................................................................................................... 352

Training Fires ............................................................................................................................... 353

10.6 MAP PROJECTION METHOD ..................................................................................................................... 353

REFERENCES ................................................................................................................................................. 355


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LIST OF TABLES

Table 1-1 Definition of One-Third Octave-Bands ........................................................................................ 11

Table 2-1 Engine Power Setting Units ......................................................................................................... 23

Table 2-2 Operational Mode for Each Fixed-Wing Aircraft NPD Data Set .................................................. 24

Table 2-3 Operational Mode Procedure Steps for Each Helicopter NPD Data Set ..................................... 24

Table 2-4 Substitution Operational Mode Procedure Steps Data for Helicopters, including the

Appropriate Helicopter Operational Mode Adjustment............................................................................. 28

Table 2-5 Summary of AEDT Noise Metric Abbreviations and Definitions ................................................. 29

Table 2-6 Input Data for APU ...................................................................................................................... 35

Table 2-7 Input Data for Aircraft-Assigned GSE .......................................................................................... 35

Table 2-8 Input Data for GSE Population .................................................................................................... 36

Table 2-9 Input Data for Boilers and Space Heater .................................................................................... 37

Table 2-10 Input Data for Emergency Generator (EPA Methodology) ....................................................... 38

Table 2-11 Input Data for Emergency Generators (USAF Methodology) ................................................... 38Table 2-12 Input Data for Incinerator ......................................................................................................... 39

Table 2-13 Input Data for Aircraft Engine Testing ...................................................................................... 39

Table 2-14 Input Data for Fuel Tank ........................................................................................................... 39

Table 2-15 Input Data for Surface Coating/Painting ................................................................................... 40

Table 2-16 Input Data for Deicing Area ...................................................................................................... 40

Table 2-17 Input Data for Solvent Degreaser ............................................................................................. 40

Table 2-18 Input Data for Sand/Salt Pile ..................................................................................................... 40

Table 2-19 Input Data for Training Fire ....................................................................................................... 41

Table 2-20 Input Data for Other Stationary Sources ............................................................................... 41

Table 2-21 MOVES Emissions Inventory Results File Format ..................................................................... 42Table 2-22 Weather Data Formats Supported ............................................................................................ 43

Table 3-1 Properties and Units of Instantaneous States ............................................................................ 49

Table 3-2 Properties and Units of Segments .............................................................................................. 50

Table 4-1 Position of the Receptor Relative to the Flight Path Segment ................................................. 123

Table 4-2 AEDT Noise Metric-Specific Weighting and Averaging Factors ................................................ 168

Table 5-1 Adjustment Factors for Installation Effects .............................................................................. 179

Table 5-2 Mode Specific Values for Eq. 5-7 (FOA 3.0) .............................................................................. 182

Table 5-3 Mode Specific Values of AFR ..................................................................................................... 183

Table 5-4 Default Constant PM EI Values above the Mixing Height ......................................................... 184

Table 5-5 Constant CO2and H2O EI Values ............................................................................................... 184Table 5-6 Pollutant Conversion Factors For Turbine Engines ................................................................... 186

Table 5-7 Pollutant Conversion Factors For Piston Engines ..................................................................... 187

Table 5-8 Units for Stationary Sources & Training Fires ........................................................................... 192

Table 6-1 AERMOD Source Modeling ....................................................................................................... 195

Table 6-2 Accepted Weather Data Formats for Emissions Dispersion Modeling ..................................... 209

Table 7-1 Assumed Extreme Values for Configuration Activation Parameters ........................................ 212


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Table 7-2 Reassigned Values of Projected Point pn .................................................................................. 222

Table 7-3 Taxiway-Taxiway Intersections Calculated for the Taxi Network Shown in Figure 7-9 and Figure

7-10 ........................................................................................................................................................... 228

Table 7-4 Taxiway-Runway Intersections Calculated for the Taxi Network Shown in Figure 7-9 and Figure

7-10 ........................................................................................................................................................... 228Table 7-5 Taxiway-Gate Intersections Calculated for the Taxi Network Shown in Figure 7-9 and Figure

7-10 ........................................................................................................................................................... 229

Table 7-6 Insert Points for Each Taxiway in the Taxi Network Shown in Figure 7-9 and Figure 7-10 ...... 229

Table 7-7 Identical Points for Each Taxiway in the Taxi Network Shown in Figure 7-9 and Figure 7-10 .. 229

Table 7-8 Taxiway Indices for the new definition of the example taxipath; So far, only switches from one

taxiway to the next are conveyed in the new taxipath definition ............................................................ 230

Table 7-9 Taxiway Indices for the new definition of the example taxipath; so far, the definition contains

the switch from the gate to the first taxiway and switches from one taxiway to the next ..................... 231

Table 7-10 Taxiway Indices for the new definition of the example taxipath; So far, the definition contains

the switch from the gate to the first taxiway, switches from one taxiway to the next, and the switch fromthe last taxiway to the runway ................................................................................................................. 232

Table 7-11 Taxiway Indices for the new definition of the example taxipath; the definition now contains

the taxiway indices for movement along the entire taxipath (from gate to each taxiway to the runway)

.................................................................................................................................................................. 233

Table 7-12 Nodes generated after the first pass over all taxiway positions for the taxi network layout

presented in Figure 7-10 ........................................................................................................................... 234

Table 7-13 Additional nodes generated after the second pass over all taxiway positions in the taxi

network layout presented in Figure 7-10 ................................................................................................. 235

Table 7-14 Taxiway Indices of the example outbound taxipath (Gate G -> Runway End 1) along with the

node IDs corresponding to each taxiway index ........................................................................................ 236Table 7-15 Network Path Version of the Example Taxipath ..................................................................... 237

Table 10-1 Average Atmospheric Attenuation Rates from SAE-AIR-184557............................................. 267

Table 10-2 Spectra for V2527 NPD from ANP Database and Calculated Source Spectra ......................... 271

Table 10-3 Reference Absorption Coefficients (from Table 10-1) and Coefficients for 10C/80% Relative

Humidity/101.325 kPa Calculated using SAE-ARP-866A21and SAE-ARP-553422...................................... 272

Table 10-4 A-weighted Levels for Reference and SAE-ARP-866A21Atmosphere and Difference Between

Each Atmosphere, L ................................................................................................................................ 273Table 10-5 A-weighted Levels for Reference and SAE-ARP-553422Atmosphere and Difference Between

Each Atmosphere, L ................................................................................................................................ 273

Table 10-6 Original NPD Data ................................................................................................................... 274

Table 10-7 Revised NPD Data Using SAE-ARP-866A21............................................................................... 274

Table 10-8 Revised NPD Data Using SAE-ARP-553422............................................................................... 275

Table 10-9 One-Third Octave Band Characteristics .................................................................................. 276

Table 10-10 EASN Threshold ..................................................................................................................... 278

Table 10-11 OEP Airport Atmospheric Condition Statistics ...................................................................... 284

Table 10-12 Summary of A-weighted AAadj ............................................................................................ 286


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Table 10-13 Summary of A-Weighted LOSadj .......................................................................................... 288

Table 10-14 Reference Conditions for Performance Data ........................................................................ 290

Table 10-15 General Aircaft and Engine Data Form ................................................................................. 291

Table 10-16 Departure Takeoff Weights Form ......................................................................................... 292

Table 10-17 Guidance for Determining Departure Takeoff Weights ........................................................ 292Table 10-18 Aerodynamic Coefficients Form ............................................................................................ 293

Table 10-19 Jet Engine Coefficients Form ................................................................................................. 294

Table 10-20 Propeller Engine Coefficients Form ...................................................................................... 295

Table 10-21 Default Takeoff Procedure Descriptions ............................................................................... 296

Table 10-22 Takeoff Procedure Profile Form ............................................................................................ 298

Table 10-23 Takeoff Profile Points Form .................................................................................................. 299

Table 10-24 Approach Procedure Profile Form ........................................................................................ 301

Table 10-25 Approach Profile Points Form ............................................................................................... 301

Table 10-26 NPD Data Form...................................................................................................................... 304

Table 10-27 Spectral Data Form ............................................................................................................... 305Table 10-28 Reference Conditions for Performance Data ........................................................................ 306

Table 10-29 General Aircraft and Engine Data Form ................................................................................ 307

Table 10-30 Departure Takeoff Weights Form ......................................................................................... 308

Table 10-31 Guidance for Determining Departure Takeoff Weights ........................................................ 308

Table 10-32 Aerodynamic Coefficients Form ............................................................................................ 309

Table 10-33 Propeller Engine Coefficients Form ...................................................................................... 310

Table 10-34 Takeoff Procedural Profile Form ........................................................................................... 311

Table 10-35 Takeoff Profile Points Form .................................................................................................. 312

Table 10-36 Approach Procedural Profile Form ....................................................................................... 313

Table 10-37 Approach Profile Points Form ............................................................................................... 314Table 10-38 NPD Data Form...................................................................................................................... 316

Table 10-39 Spectral Data Form ............................................................................................................... 317

Table 10-40 Reference Conditions for Performance Data ........................................................................ 318

Table 10-41 General Helicopter and Engine Data Form ........................................................................... 319

Table 10-42 Helicopter Speed Coefficients ............................................................................................... 320

Table 10-43 Helicopter Departure Procedures Form ............................................................................... 320

Table 10-44 Helicopter Approach Procedures Form ................................................................................ 322

Table 10-45 Helicopter Taxi Procedures for a Helicopter with Wheels Form .......................................... 322

Table 10-46 Helicopter Taxi Procedures for a Helicopter without Wheels Form ..................................... 323

Table 10-47 Noise Type for Each Helicopter NPD Data Set ...................................................................... 324

Table 10-48 Operation Mode for Each Helicopter NPD Data Set ............................................................. 324

Table 10-49 Helicopter NPDs for Dynamic Operations Form ................................................................... 325

Table 10-50 Helicopter NPDs for Static Operations Form ........................................................................ 326

Table 10-51 Noise Data Substitutes for Missing Operational Modes ....................................................... 327

Table 10-52 NPD Adjustments for Helicopter Operations Form .............................................................. 327

Table 10-53 Helicopter Spectral Data for Spectral Class Determination Form ........................................ 328


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Table 10-54 Helicopter Directivity Adjustment Data Form ...................................................................... 330

Table 10-55 Required Parameter Specifications for Boilers and Space Heaters ...................................... 339

Table 10-56 Fuel Tank Vapor Molecular Weight and Liquid Density ........................................................ 344

Table 10-57 Fuel Tank Pressure Constants ............................................................................................... 345

Table 10-58 Fuel Tank Vacuum Breaker and Deck Drain Counts .............................................................. 348


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LIST OF FIGURES

Figure 1-1 AEDT 2b System Structure ........................................................................................................... 2

Figure 1-2 A-weighted and C-weighted Adjustment Curves ......................................................................... 3

Figure 3-1 Cascade of Weather Data Sources ............................................................................................. 52

Figure 3-2 Track Computation Pointwise Departure Track ...................................................................... 59

Figure 3-3 Track Computation Vector Departure Track ........................................................................... 60

Figure 3-4 Track Computation Pointwise Approach Track....................................................................... 60

Figure 3-5 Track Computation Vector Approach Track ............................................................................ 61

Figure 3-6 Track Computation Pointwise Overflight Track ...................................................................... 61

Figure 3-7 Track Computation Pointwise Circuit/TGO Track ................................................................... 62

Figure 3-8 Track Computation Vector Circuit/TGO Track ........................................................................ 62

Figure 3-9 Altitude Controls ........................................................................................................................ 95

Figure 3-10 Effect of BADA Maximum Altitude on Interpretation of AtOrBelow Controls ..................... 96

Figure 3-11 Preserved Portion of Standard Path in Altitude-Controlled Flights ......................................... 97Figure 3-12 Candidate Altitudes for Flight To or From an AtOrBelow Altitude Control ......................... 98

Figure 3-13 Relationships Between Initial, Final, Latest, and Candidate for Departures and Overflights . 99

Figure 3-14 Relationships Between Initial, Final, Latest, and Candidate for Approaches .......................... 99

Figure 4-1 Flight-Segment Geometry when a Receptor is Behind a Segment .......................................... 121

Figure 4-2 Flight-Segment Geometry when a Receptor is Astride a Segment ......................................... 122

Figure 4-3 Flight-Segment Geometry when a Receptor is Ahead of a Segment ...................................... 122

Figure 4-4 Lateral Attenuation Geometry ................................................................................................. 136

Figure 4-5 Bank Angle , Elevation Angle , Depression Angle , and Lateral Distance 23..................... 136

Figure 4-6 Illustration of Engine-Installation Effects for Jet-Powered Airplanes23................................... 138

Figure 4-7 Illustration of Ground-to-Ground Component of Lateral Attenuation ................................... 139Figure 4-8 Illustration of Air-to-Ground Component of Lateral Attenuation ........................................... 140

Figure 4-9 Illustration of Ground-to-Ground Component of Lateral Attenuation for Military Aircraft ... 141

Figure 4-10 Illustration of Air-to-Ground Component of Lateral Attenuation for Military Aircraft ......... 142

Figure 4-11 Line-of-Sight (LOS) Blockage Concept .................................................................................... 143

Figure 4-12 Modeling of Thrust Reverser Deployment During Landing Ground Roll ............................... 147

Figure 4-13 Ground-Based Directivity Adjustment ................................................................................... 149

Figure 4-14 Elevation Angle for Helicopter Lateral Directivity Adjustment.............................................. 151

Figure 4-15 Example Helicopter Sound Pressure Levels According to Elevation Angle............................ 152

Figure 4-16 AEDT Acoustic Computation Process without Terrain for a Single Flight Segment .............. 154

Figure 4-17 AEDT Acoustic Computation Process with Terrain for a Single Flight Segment .................... 155Figure 4-18 AEDT Accumulation of Acoustic Computation Process ......................................................... 167

Figure 4-19 Uncompressed Time Audible ................................................................................................. 175

Figure 5-1 TOG, NMHC, and VOC Calculations for Turbine Engines ......................................................... 185

Figure 5-2 TOG, NMHC, and VOC Calculations for Piston Engines ........................................................... 186

Figure 6-1 Flight Segment Splitting Algorithm .......................................................................................... 200

Figure 6-2 Creation of a New User-Defined APU ...................................................................................... 203


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Figure 6-3 Creation of a New User-Defined Stationary Source ................................................................ 206

Figure 7-1 An Activation Parameter Value and its Criteria Range for Some Configuration and Hour ..... 213

Figure 7-2 Intersection of Two Taxiway Segments (q and r) .................................................................... 217

Figure 7-3 Modified Rectangular Representation of Two Taxiway Segments (q and r) ........................... 219

Figure 7-4 Taxiway Segment Intersection with a Polygon Gate ............................................................... 221Figure 7-5 Projection of a Point p onto a Line Segment Defined by Endpoints p1 and p2 ...................... 222

Figure 7-6 Intersection of Two Taxiways .................................................................................................. 223

Figure 7-7 Taxiway-Runway Intersection .................................................................................................. 225

Figure 7-8 Taxiway-Gate Intersections ..................................................................................................... 226

Figure 7-9 Simple Taxi Network ................................................................................................................ 227

Figure 7-10 Simple Taxi Network with Intersection Points ....................................................................... 228

Figure 7-11 Inbound Network Path Exit Property Definitions .................................................................. 238

Figure 7-12 Data Flow of the Delay-and-Sequencing (Queuing) Algorithm ............................................. 243

Figure 7-13 Airside Queueing Model within WWLMINET ........................................................................ 243

Figure 7-14 Airport Configuration Capacity Pareto Frontier .................................................................... 244Figure 7-15 Example of a Runway End Serving Traffic from Several Queues ........................................... 248

Figure 10-1 Acoustic Impedance Adjustment re. 406 newton-second/m3.............................................. 259

Figure 10-2 Acoustic Impedance Adjustment re. 400 newton-second/m3.............................................. 259

Figure 10-3 Observer/Flight Path Geometry ............................................................................................ 262

Figure 10-4 Meteorological Conditions Recorded During Noise Certification Tests48.............................. 269

Figure 10-5 EASN Threshold...................................................................................................................... 277

Figure 10-6 Departure Class 104 ............................................................................................................... 282

Figure 10-7 Normalized Spectral Class 104 Data ...................................................................................... 283

Figure 10-8 Spectral Class 104 Ground Effect ........................................................................................... 284

Figure 10-9 Histogram of A-weighted AAadj............................................................................................ 285Figure 10-10 Histogram of A-Weighted LOSadj........................................................................................ 287

Figure 10-11 Departure Spectral Class 104 ............................................................................................... 289

Figure 10-12 Example Maximum Takeoff Thrust vs. Temperature .......................................................... 295

Figure 10-13 Shape Comparison of Spectral Data .................................................................................... 333


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Page 1

Introduction

1.1 Overview

The Aviation Environmental Design Tool (AEDT) is a software system that models aircraft performance inspace and time to estimate noise, fuel consumption, emissions, and air quality consequences. AEDT is

designed to process individual studies ranging in scope from a single flight at an airport to scenarios at

the regional, national, and global levels. AEDT leverages geographic information system (GIS) and

relational database technology to achieve this scalability and offer rich opportunities for exploring and

presenting results. AEDT is actively used by the U.S. government for regulatory studies, research, and

domestic aviation system planning, as well as domestic and international aviation environmental policy

analysis.

In contrast to the individual noise and air quality analysis tools such as, Integrated Noise Model (INM)

and Emissions and Dispersion Modeling System (EDMS), AEDT unifies noise, fuel consumption, and

emissions calculation capabilities into a single application. AEDT includes a database of over 3,000

airframe-engine combinations and runway information for over 30,000 airports around the globe. These

system databases allows users of AEDT to quickly build studies and estimate the interdependencies

between noise, fuel consumption, and emissions consequences of aviation activity.

AEDT 2b was released to the public on 29 May 2015. It replaced the INM, EDMS, and AEDT 2a tools as

the required model for environmental compliance of airport, air traffic airspace, and procedure actions

in the U.S., 80 FR 27853 (May 15, 2015). AEDT 2b Service Pack 3 (AEDT 2b SP3) was released to the

public on 13 June 2016.

1.2 System Architecture

AEDT 2b is built on the Microsoft .NET Framework and SQL Server and is capable of running on Windows

XP Professional, Windows 7, and Windows Server operating systems. It is supported by extensive systemdatabases covering airports, airspace, and fleet information that span the global nature of the aviation

industry.

All information is rendered in a geospatial nature given the Esri-based core of the tool, which supports

the compatibility with other geospatial applications. St

Documents

AEDT2b_TechManual