“A critical analysis of two

prominent artists from two

different periods.”

Shalin Nimish Shelat

FD1111

Student Number: 15979

Practical Research Presentation

Date - 16/ 03/ 2012

Word Count: 3270

B.A. Digital Film Making

SAE Oxford

Table Of Content

1. Introduction.............................................................................................04

2. Early Life and Overview……………………………..................................05

3. Achievements…………….......................................................................07

4. Social and Political Influences................................................................11

5. Tagore’s last years….…………………....................................................13

6. Conclusion…………................................................................................14

7. References..............................................................................................23

8. Bibliography.............................................................................................26

2

A CRITICAL ANALYSIS OF TWO PROMINENT ARTISTS

Ravindranath Tagore (7th May 1861 to 7th August 1941):-

(Contribution in literature and poetry)

A. R. Rahman (6 Jan 1966)

B. (Composer, Musician and singer)

3

Introduction

Ravindranath Tagore, born in Kolkata, spent 68 years in literary work of 81

years of his life. He created hundreds of verses in 1913; he got Nobel Prize for

literature for his work ‘Gitanjali’ Nov 14th 1930 (O'Connell, 2008), "Red Oleanders

(Raktakarabi) by Rabindranath Tagore—A New Translation and Adaptation: Two

Reviews"). In 1940 he was awarded doctorate in Literature by University of

Oxford but due to his failing health he was unable to receive it in person (K. Dutta

and A Robinson, 1997). He visited as more than 30 countries and five continents.

He was a world poet and world citizen and world lover. He spent his whole life

with natural beauty of his surroundings relating to the inner self as well.

A. R. Rahman (A.S. Dileep Kumar), born in Chennai, described as world’s most

prominent prolific film composer by “TIME”(Corliss, Richard 2011), “The 2011

Oscar Race: TIME Picks the Winners. He is a winner of Academy Awards,

Grammy Awards, Golden Globe national and international Awards and won

Oscar Award for music in ‘Slum Dog Millionaire’. In 2006 he received honorary

award from Stanford University for contribution in global music (Prakash B.S,

2006), he is also honored by Stanford University (Rediff, 2012). In 2010 he

received Guinness World Record for composition of music, ‘Maa Tujhe Salaam’

and album ‘Vande Mataram’ (A. R. Rahman Guinness World Record, 2012). He

received honorary doctorate from Middlesex University (The Hindu, 2009).

4

Early Life and Overview

Ravindranath Tagore was the 13th child of Devendranath Tagore and Sharda

Devi, born in a rich and influential family. “Jorasanko”, the Tagore mansion, they

lived in a huge joint family whose memories are clear in his stories “My

Reminiscences” in 1912 and “My Boyhood Days” in 1940 (K. Dutta and A.

Robinson, 1997). His childhood passed under the supervision of servants, he

later referred to those days as rule of servant. In the Jorasanko mansion there

were regular meetings of intellectuals and discussions of the Indian situation was

done. Tagore was therefore always aware of the country’s condition and people’s

problems, which are clearly indicated in work.

He wrote his first poetry at the age of 8 years (K. Dutta and A. Robinson, 1997).

Tagore’s elder brothers: - Dwijendranath was a philosopher and poet and

Jyotindra was a musician and playwright, his sister, Swarna was a novelist. His

father spent most of the time away from home. Tagore was admitted Oriental

Seminar School. He did not find school interesting. He spent most of his time in

Himalayas and when at home he would stay on the third floor. His early poetries

reflect his yearning for nature. In his words on education: -

“(It) knocks at door of the mind. If any boy is asked to give an account of what is

awakened in him by such knocking, he will probably say something silly. For what

happens within is much bigger than what comes out in words. Those who pin

their fate on University examination as the test of education, take no account of

this.”

(K.Dutta and A. Rodinson 1997, p.50)

His father tutored him in history, astronomy and Sanskrit. His father taught him to

cherish spiritual growth rather than materialistic things; these thoughts are clearly

reflected in his writings. In 1878 he stayed with his family at Brighton. He read

5

law at university college London (Ghosh B, 2011). He studied Shakespeare,

Coriolanus and Anthony and Cleopatra. In 1883 he returned to Bengal degree-

less. In 1883 he married Mrinalini Devi, had five children. His father encouraged

him to understand the family business and there he understood the plight of the

farmers (K. Dutta and À. Robinson, 1997). He then decided to start

Shantiniketan. In Shantiniketan he would himself take classes. The school later

graduated into a university Vishwa Bharti University. 1901 onwards he lived at

Shantiniketan and enjoyed his inheritance. He also had the honor of giving

lectures at Harvard University. He had high human values well aware of

contemporary philosophical, political and social trends of the times around him.

He is also the writer of National Anthem of India and Bangladesh. He is the only

person ever to write the national anthem of two countries.

A. R. Rahman was in affluent Mudaliar family (mudaliarcommunity.com, 2012),

his father R. K. Shekhar was a music composer in Tamil and Malayalam films.

Rahman used to assist his father during the recordings and play keyboard. At the

age of 9 he lost his father and use to rent out his father’s equipment as a source

of income. In his childhood he joined two bands ‘Roots’ (Short biography, 2012)

and ‘Nemesis Avenue’ (A Guidebook to Popular Hindi Cinema. p.112). He played

the piano synthesizer, harmonium and guitar. He was trained by master Dhanraj

and also worked with M.S. Vishwanathan, Zakir Hussain, and L. Shankar. He

obtained scholarship from Trinity College London and studied diploma in western

classical music.

6

Achievements

Tagore’s renowned work for which he got noble prize of literature is “Gitanjali”, a

compilation of more than a hundred poetries. He received worldwide acclaim.

Two of his famous poems from Gitanjali are as follows:

“Where the mind is without fear

and the head is held high;

where knowledge is free;

Where the world had not been broken up into

Fragments by narrow domestic walls;

Where words come out from

the depth of truth;

Where tireless striving stretches its arms

towards perfection;

Where the clear stream of reason has not

lost its way into the dreary desert sand

of dead habit;

Where the mind is lead forward by thee

into ever widening thought and action-

Into that heaven of freedom,

My father, let my country awake.”

(R. Sigi. 2006)

“Life of my life, I shall ever try to keep my body pure,

knowing that thy living touch is upon all my limbs,

I shall ever try to keep all untruth out from my

Thoughts, knowing that thou art that truth which has

kindled the light of reason in my mind.

I shall ever try to drive all evils away from my heart

and keep my love in flower, knowing that thou hast

7

thy seat in the inmost shrine of my heart.

And it shall be my endeavour to reveal thee in my actions;

knowing it is thy power gives me strength to act.”

(R. Sigi, 2006)

In Dui Bigha Jomi (‘A Strip of Land’) (K. Dutta & À. Robinson 1997), Tagore

explores the plight of a farmer a moneylender takes whose land is taken over

using falsified papers; the poem concludes: ‘Rajar hosto kore shomosto kangaler

dhon churi’, it means ‘It is the king's hand that steals from the downtrodden’ (K.

Dutta & À. Robinson, 1997).

Sonar Tori comic in form, it depicts what Tagore saw as Bengali society's lack of

vision, originality, and wisdom: all has been explained, like the empty expanse of

the open sky, Tagore experimented with different poetic styles. For example, in

his early years, he occasionally wrote his works in Shadhu Bhasha, it is a

Sanskritized dialect of Bengali; later, Tagore moved to using ‘Chalit’, a more

popular dialect: Later— Tagore absorbed new poetic concepts, which allowed

him to further develop a unique identity. The year 1893 A.D was the turn of the

Bangla calendar. It was the Bangla year 1300. Tagore wrote a poem then. Its

name was ‘the year 1400’. Tagore was also an accomplished musician and

painter. Indeed, he wrote some 2,230 songs; together, with rabindra sangeet now

an integral part of Bengali culture. Tagore's music is deeply related to his

literature.

At age sixty, Tagore started drawing and painting; with exhibitions of his many

works in Paris. His unique way of canvassing was appreciated and his colors

were different probably due to his partial color discerning problem.

Adaptations of novels and short stories in cinema

Sacrifice - 1927 (Balidaan) - Nanand Bhojai and Naval Gandhi

Natir Puja - 1932 - The only film directed by Rabindranath Tagore

8

Milan - 1947 (Nauka Dubi) - Nitin Bose

Kabuliwala - 1961 (Kabuliwala) - Bimal Roy

Uphaar - 1971 (Samapti) - Sudhendu Roy

Lekin... - 1991 (Kshudhit Pashaan) - Gulzar

Char Adhyay - 1997 (Char Adhyay) - Kumar Shahani

Chokher Bali - 2003 (Chokher Bali) - Rituparno Ghosh

Kashmakash - 2011 ((Nauka Dubi) - Rituparno Ghosh

Some more classics from regional cinema (Bengali)

Naukadubi - 1947 (Noukadubi) - Nitin Bose

Kabuliwala - 1957 (Kabuliwala) - Tapan Sinha

Kshudhita Pashaan - 1960 (Kshudhita Pashan) - Tapan Sinha

Teen Kanya - 1961 (Teen Kanya) - Satyajit Ray

Charulata - 1964 (Nastanirh) - Satyajit Ray

Ghare Baire - 1985 (Ghare Baire) - Satyajit Ray

Elar Char Adhyay - 2012 (Char Adhyay) - Bappaditya Bandyopadhyay

A. R. Rahman was signed by Tamil movie director Mani Ratnam for giving music

for his film “Roja”(The International Who's Who in Popular Music 2002: A. R.

Rahman, 2002) The music of this film had phenomenal success and

revolutionized Indian film music. At the age of 25 A. R. Rahman was the greatest

music composer. Rahman single handedly changed all music rules. He could

perfectly blend pop, eastern, western classical and contemprory tunes. His music

transcends all barriers, age, geographical and linguistic. His strength lies in the

perfect sound melody. His music cannot be described in words but has to be

heard. His music has the amazing capacity to grow on you. Rahman's

composition, 'Ekam Satyam' which he recorded in London in May was picked by

Michael Jackson for a charity concert in Munich on June 1999 whose proceeds

were to be donated to the underprivileged children of the world in The Olympic

Stadium in Munich, Germany (Nydia Dias, 2001). "A R Rahman joins hands with

Michael Jackson". The song was sung together by Rahman and Michael

9

Jackson. On June 19th Rahman traveled to Singapore to attend a concert to

honor the composers of yesteryears Vishwanathan - Ramamurthy. At the concert

heaps of praise was showered on him. For the ldquo; Listenrdquo; project,

Rahman was to compose a modified version of one of Beethoven's symphonies.

In early September he won the International Viewers' Choice Award at the MTV

Video Music Awards for 'Dil Se..' (Stafford, Roy. Understanding Audiences and

the Film Industry. London: British Film Institute. p. 27) The Slumdog Millionaire

soundtrack was composed by A. R. Rahman, who planned the score for over two

months and completed it in two weeks. Danny Boyle has said that he chose

Rahman because "not only does he draw on Indian classical music, the song "Jai

Ho" won the Oscar in 2009. The Times of India, India's leading newspaper hailed

Rahman as one of the 100 greatest Indians of this century and placed him in the

Entertainers and Artists category. 1999 was the year in which Rahman increased

his presence on the international music scene. This ranged from interactions with

Jean-Michel Jarre to collaborations with Andrew Lloyd Webber, David Bryne and

concerts with Micheal Jackson. Rahman believes,

"If a music artists wants to blossom into a full-pledged person, it's not enough if

he knows only classical music; nor it's enough if he's well-versed only in raagaas

and techniques. Instead, he should be a knowledgeable person interested in life

and philosophy. In his personal life there should be, atleast in some corner of his

heart, a tinge of lingering sorrow,"

(G. Shrinivasan, 2002)

Apart from the Almighty he credits all his success to his mother who encouraged

him to take up music when his interest lay in electronics. His maxim is that only

total dedication and concentration to one's profession can help in producing good

work. Rahman is certain that this dedication must increase with fame.

For Rahman, who eats music, thinks music, breathes music and lives music, the

bottomline is that his music should reach out to the soul of humankind.

10

Social and Political influences:

Tagore's politics exhibited a marked duality — on the one hand, he was unhappy

about British rule, occasionally voicing full support for Indian nationalists, on the

other hand, he also was not in support of the Swadeshi movement, and many of

Gandhiji”s activities. For example, he was against the partitioning of Bengal and it

pained him a lot. He was for educating the masses of India to be more reliable on

themselves and attain freedom.

In line with this, Tagore denounced nationalism, deeming it among humanity's

greatest problems. "A nation," he wrote, "... is that aspect which a whole

population assumes when organized for a mechanical purpose", a purpose often

associated with a "selfishness" that "can be a grandly magnified form" of

personal selfishness. During his extensive travels, he formed a vision of East-

West unity. His views on nationalism were well accepted in Europe but not in

Japan and USA (K. Dutta and À. Robinson, 1997).

He was also instrumental in resolving a dispute between Gandhi and Bhimrao

Ramji Ambedkar; Tagore was against the Indian educational system oriented

educational system .In his short story "The Parrot's Training", where a bird -

which ultimately dies - is caged by tutors and force-fed pages torn from books.

So he started Shantniketan school which means- Abode of Peace. Established in

the traditional Brahmacharya structure — whereby students live under a guru in a

self-sustaining community. Tagore spent all his Nobel Prize money on his school,

which is now a university. Indeed, Tagore stated that “I suppose it was fortunate

for me that I never in my life had what is called an education, that is to say, the

kind of school and college training which is considered proper for a boy from a

respectable family”. Tagore’s contribution in social upliftment is very significant

(K. Dutta and À. Robinson, 1997).

Rahman being in independent India he is concerned about the issues of present

day India. Having given music to films relating to issues of terrorism, religion and

11

current political structure. His film music in Roja, Bombay, Laagan, Rang de

Basanti and many others. Rahman is involved in various charitable causes. In

2004, he was appointed as the Global Ambassador of the Stop TB Partnership, a

project by WHO. He has shown support to charities including Save the Children,

India, and worked with Yusuf Islam for his song ‘Indian Ocean’ (Williamson,

2006). The proceeds of the song went towards helping orphans in Banda Aceh,

which was affected by the 2004 Indian Ocean Tsunami. He produced the single

"We Can Make It Better" by Don Asian alongside Mukhtar Sahota. In 2008,

Rahman opened his KM Music Conservatory Chennai, offering courses at

Beginners, Foundation and Diploma level. Rahman composed the theme music

for a short film for The Banyan in 2006, in aid of destitute women in Chennai

(Netru, Indru, Nalai is back with a bang, 2006). In 2008, Rahman with noted

percussionist Sivamani created a song titled "Jiya Se Jiya", inspired by the Free

Hugs Campaign and promoted it through a video shot in various cities in India.

"Rahman advocates free hugs for peace" (Daily News and Analysis, 2008).

12

Tagore’s last years

Even in spite of his failing health, his schedules were very hectic, doctors advised

him to take rest. In 1940 his health deteriorated and in 1941 he was totally bed

ridden. On 25th July 1941 he was hospitalized, medicines could not revive him

and in spite of surgery he left for heavenly abode on 7 th August 1941. People

crowded to look at his mortal remains. Death and parting had been a constant

and obvious theme of his poem “Gitanjali”. In 1939 he had composed a poem for

“The Post Office”. And it was his wish that it be sung on his own death (K. Dutta

and À. Robinson, 1997)

“The ocean peace lies ahead of me.

Sale the boat, O pilot

You are my constant companion now.

Take me in your lap.

Along our journey to the infinite

The pole star alone will shine.

Giver of freedom

Set me free.

May your forgiveness and compassion

Be my eternal resources for the journey-

May the mortal ties fall away,

May the vast universe

Hold me in embrace,

And with an undaunted heart

May I come to know the Great Unknown.”

(K. Dutta and A. Robinson, 1997)

13

Conclusion:

Rabindranath Tagore is better known as Gurudev. He had many followers. His

contribution to literature will always be remembered. Tagore’s works is a blend of

his belief in the culture he lived in and his strong faith in the divine force of the

world. His keen urge to transcend the human life and to come to his maker at the

end of the road peacefully. The thirst to understand the being in oneself the

ultimate truth. His family was well placed and was well aware that the need to

education both in Bengali and Sanskrit was most vital for the children. Tagore

also helped establish the monthly Bharati. He published his first poems in the

magazine. His writings were in his mother language and so he is also known as

Father of modern Bengali Literature. His works show that life is a struggle

between the good and the evil. His characters often live by their principles. In his

character of the Kabuliwala shows unconditional love that is very moving. In his

forbidden entry the guardian of the temple is inhuman to the people who come to

pray. Whereas in Dakghar the king tries to fulfil the last wish of the dying child.

In The elision of Man and Nationalism he deals on human isssues. Home and

the World are on the swadesi movement on which Tagore was initially interested

but as it took a communial turn he withdrew from it. ‘Wishes Granted’ is a moral.

In it, a father and his son have their wishes granted by a passing divinity, only to

find that they were better off before. One of the best known, ‘The Postmaster’ is

typical. The title character is a well-educated young man from Calcutta, who has

been sent to work in a remote village. Ratan, the orphan girl he hires. He even

begins teaching her to read, she develops feelings for him but he cannot

reciprocate and goes away leaving her heartbroken.

Tagore’s works are enlisted below:

Tagore has written and composed the national anthem of India and Bangladesh.

14

Poetry:

Saisab sangit, 1881

Sandhya sangit, 1882

Prabhat sangit, 1883

Chabi o gan, 1884

Kari o komal, 1887

Manashi, 1890

Sonar tari, 1893 (The Golden Boat, 1932)

Chitra, 1895

Chaitali, 1896

Kanika, 1899

Kalpana, 1900

Katha o kahini, 1900

Kshanika, 1900

Naivedya, 1901

Sisu, 1903 (The Crescent Moon, 1913)

Smaran, 1903

Utsarga, 1904

Kheya, 1905

Gitanjali, 1910 (Gitanjali Song Offerings, 1912)

The Gardener, 1913

Gitali, 1914

Balaka, 1916 (A Flight of Swans, 1955, 1962)

Fruit-Gathering, 1916

Gan, 1916

Stray Birds, 1917

Love’s Gift, and Crossing, 1918

Palataka, 1918 (The Fugitive, 1921)

Lipika, 1922

Poems, 1922

Sisu bholanath, 1922

15

The Curse at Farewell, 1924

Prabahini, 1925

Purabi, 1925

Fifteen Poems, 1928

Fireflies, 1928

Mahuya, 1929

Sheaves: Poems and Songs, 1929

Banabani, 1931

The Child, 1931

Parisesh, 1932

Punascha, 1932

Vicitrita, 1933

Bithika, 1935

Ses saptak, 1935

Syamali, 1936 (English translation, 1955)

Patraput, 1936, 1938 (English translation, 1969)

Khapchada, 1937

Prantik, 1938

Senjuti, 1938

Navajatak, 1940

Rogsajya, 1940

Sanai, 1940

Arogya, 1941

Janmadine, 1941

Poems, 1942

Sesh lekha, 1942

The Herald of Spring, 1957

Wings of Death: The Last Poems, 1960

Devouring Love, 1961

A Bunch of Poems, 1966

One Hundred and One, 1967

16

Last Poems, 1973

Later Poems, 1974

Final Poems, 2001

Long Fiction:

Bau-Thakuranir Hat, 1883

Rajarshi, 1887

Chokher bali, 1902 (Binodini, 1959)

Naukadubi, 1906 (The Wreck, 1921)

Gora, 1910 (English translation, 1924)

Chaturanga, 1916 (English translation, 1963)

Ghare baire, 1916 (Home and the World, 1919)

Jogajog, 1929

Shesher kabita, 1929 (Farewell My Friend, 1946)

Dui bon, 1933 (Two Sisters, 1945)

Short Fiction:

The Hungry Stones, and Other Stories, 1916

Mashi, and Other Stories, 1918

Stories from Tagore, 1918

Broken Ties, and Other Stories, 1925

The Runaway, and Other Stories, 1959

Selected Short Stories, 1991 (translated with an introduction by William Radice)

Drama:

Prakritir Pratishodh, pb. 1884 (verse play; Sanyasi: Or, The Ascetic, 1917)

Raja o Rani, pb. 1889 (verse play; The King and the Queen, 1918)

Visarjan, pb. 1890 (verse play; based on his novel Rajarshi; Sacrifice, 1917)

Chitrangada, pb. 1892 (verse play; Chitra, 1913)

Prayaschitta, pr. 1909 (based on his novel Bau-Thakuranir Hat)

Raja, pb. 1910 (The King of the Dark Chamber, 1914)

17

Dakghar, pb. 1912 (The Post Office, 1914)

Phalguni, pb. 1916 (The Cycle of Spring, 1917)

Arupratan, pb. 1920 (revision of his play Raja)

Muktadhara, pb. 1922 (English translation, 1950)

Raktakarabi, pb. 1924 (Red Oleanders, 1925)

Chirakumar Sabha, pb. 1926

Natir Puja, pb. 1926 (Worship of the Dancing Girl, 1950)

Sesh Raksha, pb. 1928

Paritran, pb. 1929 (revision of Prayaschitta)

Tapati, pb. 1929 (revision of Raja o Rani)

Bansari, pb. 1933

Chandalika, pr., pb. 1933 (English translation, 1938)

Nritya-natya Chitrangada, pb. 1936 (revision of his play Chitrangada)

Nritya-natya Chandalika, pb. 1938 (revision of his play Chandalika)

Three Plays, pb. 1950

Nonfiction:

Jivansmriti, 1912 (My Reminiscences, 1917)

Sadhana: The Realisation of Life, 1913

Personality, 1917

Nationalism, 1917

Glimpses of Bengal, 1921

Greater India, 1921

Creative Unity, 1922

Talks in China, 1925

Lectures and Addresses, 1928

Letters to a Friend, 1928

The Religion of Man, 1931

Mahatmaji and the Depressed Humanity, 1932

The Religion of an Artist, 1933

Man, 1937

Chhelebela, 1940 (My Boyhood Days, 1940)

18

Sabhyatar Samkat, 1941 (Crisis in Civilization, 1941)

Towards Universal Man, 1961

Miscellaneous:

Collected Poems and Plays, 1936

A Tagore Reader, 1961

A R Rahman in his short time in the musical field he has given maximum

contribution in both instrumental and classical sound. His blending of the various

instruments is very unique. He has an ultramodern sound set-up in his studios.

He was one of the first to have used the mac and apple for compiling his work.

His soul-searching melodies have put him in people’s hearts. He is loved by

millions of music lovers. Some of his critics however think that he is slow and to

some extent he does use others music themes. To this Rahman replied that the

musical notes are the same everywhere the same notes are used by all, but it is

the presentation and sequence in which they are used that gives his melodies.

His many works are listed herewith. Rahman also composed the music for the

song, ‘Vande Mataram’ an Indian patriotic song that was even sung by

Ravindranath Tagore at India National Congress in 1896 and it had played a

major role in the Indian Independence Movement (National song of India, 2005).

Work of A. R. Rahman:

Bau-Thakuranir Hat, 1883

Yodha, 1992

Roja, 1992

Nippu Ravva,1993

Gentleman, 1993

Pudhiya Mugam, 1993

19

Thiruda Thiruda,1993

Uzhavan,1993

Kizhakku Cheemayile,1993

Karuththamma, 1994

Pudhiya Mannargal,1994

Gangmaster, 1994

Vandicholai Chinraasu, 1994,

Super Police, 1994

Duet, 1994

May Madham, 1994

Kadhalan, 1994

Pavithra, 1994

Indira, 1995

Muthu, 1995

Bombay, 1995

Rangeela, 1995

Kadhal Desam, 1996

Mr. Romeo, 1996

Fire, 1996

Indianv 1996

Love Birds, 1996

Kabhi Na Kabhi, 1997

Iruvar 1997

Minsara Kanavu 1997

Anthimanthaarai 1997

Ratchagan 1997

Daud 1997

Dil Se.. 1998

Doli Saja Ke Rakhna, 1998

Jeans, 1998

Earth, 1998

20

Thakshak, 1999

Mudhalvan, 1999

Taj Mahal, 1999

Padayappa, 1999

En Swasa Kaatre, 1999

Taal, 1999

Sangamam, 1999

Jodi 1999

Kadhalar Dhinam 1999

Thenali 2000

Pukar 2000

Fiza, 2000

Rhythm, 2000

Kandukondain, 2000

Zubeidaa, 2000

Alaipayuthey, 2001

Star, 2001

Lagaan, 2001

Love You Hamesha,2001

Nayak: The Real Hero, 2001

Paarthale Paravasam, 2001

The Legend of Bhagat Singh, 2002

Saathiya, 2002

Warriors of Heaven and Earth, 2003

Lakeer – Forbidden Lines, 2003

Yuva, 2004

Swades, 2004

Netaji Subhas Chandra Bose: The Forgotten Hero, 2005

Mangal Pandey: The Rising, 2005

Rang De Basanti, 2006

Guru, 2007

21

Elizabeth: The Golden Age, 2007

Jodhaa Akbar, 2008

Jaane Tu... Ya Jaane Na, 2008

Slumdog Millionaire, 2008

Delhi-6, 2008

Couples Retreat 2009

Raavan 2010

Rockstar 2011

References

22

Krishna Dutta, Andrew Robinson (1997) Rabindranath Tagore: The Myriad-

Minded Man, U.K. , Bloomsbury Publishing Plc.,

Rekha Sigi (2006) Gurudev Rabindranath Tagore : A Biography, Delhi, Diamond

Pocket Books (P) LTD.

Chakravarty, A (1961), A Tagore Reader, Beacon Press

Dutta, K (editor); Robinson, A (editor) (1997), Rabindranath Tagore: An

Anthology, St. Martin's Press

Som, KK (2001), "Rabindranath Tagore and his World of Colours", Parabaas,

retrieved April 1, 2006.

Tagore, R (1977), Collected Poems and Plays of Rabindranath Tagore,

Macmillan Publishing

The Nobel Prize in Literature 1913 :- Rabindranath Tagore [online], available at

http://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/literature/laureates/1913/tagore-bio.html

[accessed Feb 2012]

Rabindranath Tagore [online], available at

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rabindranath_Tagore [Accessed Feb 2012]

Rabindranath Tagore [online], available at

http://www.online-literature.com/tagore-rabindranath/ [Accessed Feb 2012]

History of “Rabindranath Tagore” [Online] available at

http://lifehistoric.blogspot.in/2009/08/history-of-rabindranath-tagore.htm

[Accessed Feb 2012]

23

Rabindranath Tagore Biography [Online] available at

http://www.iloveindia.com/indian-heroes/rabindranath-tagore.html [Accessed Feb

2012]

Rabindranath Tagore [online], available at

http://www.schoolofwisdom.com/history/teachers/rabindranath-tagore/

[Accessed Feb 2012]

Rabindranath Tagore [online], available at

http://www.culturalindia.net/indian-art/painters/rabindranath-tagore.html

[Accessed Feb 2012]

Lago, Mary M. (1978) Published online: 23 March 2011 Rabindranath Tagore,

The journal of Asian Studies [Online], Available at

http://journals.cambridge.org/action/displayAbstract?

fromPage=online&aid=7117884 [accessed ], Boston, Twayne publishers

[Accessed Feb 2012]

A.R.Rahman [online], available at http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ A._R._Rahman

[Accessed Feb 2012]

A.R.Rahman [online], available at

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ A._R._Rahman discography#cite_note-16

[Accessed Feb 2012]

A.R.Rahman [online], available at

http://www.iloveindia.com/indian-heroes/ar-rahman.html [Accessed Feb 2012]

Biography for A.R.Rahman [online], available at

http://www.imdb.com/name/nm0006246/bio [Accessed Feb 2012]

24

A.R.Rahman [online], available at

http://gopalhome.tripod.com/arrbio.html [Accessed Feb 2012]

Biography [online], available at

http://www.arrahman.com/journey-biography.html [Accessed Feb 2012]

Rahman Biography [online], available at

http://rahmanmusic.com/about-rahman.php [Accessed Feb 2012]

Biography [online], available at

http://rahmaniac.wordpress.com/biography/ [Accessed Feb 2012]

Bibliography

25

I. Chakrabarti, (2001), "A People's Poet or a Literary Deity?", Parabaas, 15 July

2001,

A . Dasgupta,. (2001), "Rabindra-Sangeet as a Resource for Indian Classical

Bandishes", Parabaas, 15 July 2001

S. K. Chakraborty,; P. Bhattacharya, (2001), Leadership and Power: Ethical

Explorations, Oxford University Press

P. K. Datta (2002), Rabindranath Tagore's The Home and the World: A Critical

Companion (1st ed.), Permanent Black

R. Som, (2010), Rabindranath Tagore: The Singer and His Song, Viking

B. A. HATCHER, (2001), "Aji Hote Satabarsha Pare: What Tagore Says to Us a

Century Later",Parabaas, 15 July 2001

B. GHOSH, (2011), "Inside the World of Tagore's Music", Parabaas, August 2011

Ashanti Omkar, A. R. Rahman (January 13, 2010). A.R Rahman interview 2010

part 1 – Vinnaithandi Varuvaayaa (VTV) – Thai Pongal special (Web interview).

London: Thamarai.com.

"A passion for music". Chennai: The Hindu. 28 January 2008

"Actor Rahman's profile". actorrahman.com

"A R Rahman Honored". Indiaglitz. 4 June 2008.

“India's A.R. Rahman strikes Grammys gold". Agence France-Presse. 2010

26

"Padma Bhushan for Rahman, Aamir; Segal gets Padma Vibhushan". Press

Trust of India(Hindustan Times).

 "Rahman to be conferred honorary doctorate by AMU". Chennai, India: The

Hindu. 26 May 2009

"Padma Vibhushan, Padma Bhushan, Padma Shri awardees". The Hindu. 26

January 2000

Purie, Aroon (1995). "A. R. Rahman: Music The New Wave". India Today (Living

Media) 20 (1–6): 11. "Now, two years later, AR Rahman looks like he is here to

stay, with his digitalised sound based on pop-rock and reggae and fused with

traditional Indian – mainly Carnatic – folk idioms. The supreme irony: he used to

play keyboards in..."

"Rahman part of historic remake of We are the World". The Indian Express. 4

February 2010

 Corliss, Richard (12 February 2005). "Best Soundtracks – ALL TIME 100

MOVIES – TIME".TIME.

27