Advocating for theWorking Poor

MAXIMIZING INCOME AND REDUCING EXPENSES

LAURA GALLANT AND JULIE MCCORMACK

FEBRUARY 27, 2019

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Increasing Income

OBJECTIVES:

Basic understanding of cashassistance programs

Know enough to spot potentialfor clients

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Programs Covered

TAFDC

EAEDC

Social Security Disability

Unemployment

Veterans Benefits

Tax Credits

Child Support

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TAFDC – What is it?

TAFDC = Transitional Aid to Familieswith Dependent Children

Cash assistance (welfare) programin Massachusetts for low incomepregnant women and families withchildren

Administered by the Department ofTransitional Assistance (DTA)

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TAFDC Benefits

Cash grant paid twice a month

September Clothing Allowance ($350/child)**

Infant benefit for new babies

Potential for child care and transportationbenefits

Education and training

Relocation benefit

Transitional Support Services (post-TAFDC)

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Who is eligible for TAFDC?

Families with dependent childrenChild under age 18

Child age 18 and expected to graduatefrom high school by age 19

Parent or other relative caretaker

Pregnant women

Teens: any time in pregnancy

20 years & up: w/n 120 days of due date

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Sample TAFDC Grant

Monthly TAFDC amount (with no other income)

# of people Public/subsidized housing

Private housing/no subsidy

Homeless(grant as reduced ifin shelter)

2 $491 $531 $361

4 $691 $731 $561

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Low Wage Households withChildren CAN get TAFDC

In some households, TAFDC is theonly income.

But some low income householdswith wages can get TAFDC tosupplement the wages, and thenwill get the additional benefitssuch as child care, clothingallowance, etc.

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TAFDC and Wages

Two different scenarios:

1. New applicant – not on TAFDC;

If financial eligibility met, thenconsidered as an eligible recipientand earnings rules are applied

2. Already receiving TAFDC

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TAFDC Eligibility/Wage Calculation

Figure out Gross (before taxes) monthly earnings(multiply average weekly gross earnings by 4.33)

Subtract $200 (standard work expense deduction)

Only if was on TAFDC in past 4 months, also subtract

½ of the balance

Dependent care costs (capped at $200/month)

Add countable unearned income, if any

The result is countable income. Compare to NeedStandard for household size

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Wage Calculation for ELIGIBLERECIPIENT

***New Rule*** 100% Earned Income Disregard

DTA will not count ANY wages for six months as long as income doesnot go over 200% of federal poverty level

Once the 6 months has ended, calculate countable income as usual

If countable income is less than the Need Standard for householdsize, TAFDC eligibility continues and the recipient gets the differencebetween the countable income and the Need Standard

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TAFDC Example: New Applicant

Sylvia has 2 children. She earns $150 per week,pays $180/mo. for preschool and has Sec. 8.

Gross monthly wages –

$150 x 4.33 = $649.50 -rounded to $650.00

Subtract $200 work expense - 200.00

= $450.00

Subtract $180 childcare - 180.00

Countable income = $270.00

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TAFDC Example (Sylvia) cont.

Need standard for household of 3:

$593 (pub/sub hsg.) $593 - $270 = $303

Sylvia is eligible for TAFDC because hercountable wages are below the Need Standard!

For six months, the wages are non-countable,and her income will be

$650 (her wages) + $593 (TAFDC) = $1,243.00

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TAFDC Example (Sylvia) cont.

After six months, the 100% wage disregard ends.

To determine countable income:

$650 wages

- $200 work expense deduction

=$450 then divide by 2 = $225

- $180 child care cost

= $45 - countable wages

Need standard of $593 – 45 = 548 (TAFDC payment)

So Sylvia would get $650 (wages) + $548 = $1,198

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Transitional Support Services

If TAFDC closes due to wages:

Work Stipend Transportation

Month 1 $200 $80

Month 2 $150 $60

Month 3 $100 $40

Month 4 $ 50 $20

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DTA Rights Right to apply

Right to be notified of proofs needed

- should be fewer than in the past!

Right to written notice of approval andamount of benefits, or denial and reason

Right to interpreter

Right to non-discrimination, including disability-related;

Client Assistance Coordinator (CAC)

Right to appeal

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TAFDC Advocacy Tips

Work the TAFDC Advocacy Guide

Check TAFDC regulations

www.mass.gov/dta/regulations

• If “stuck”:

• Contact DTA Ombudman –

Sara Craven, 617-348-5354,sara.craven@state.ma.us

• Or a legal advocate:

- see www.masslegalservices.org

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EAEDC - What is it?

EAEDC = Emergency Aid toElders, Disabled and Children

• State-funded (MA only)cash assistance program forvery low income/low asset households

Administered by the DTA

Provides a small (!) cash grant andMassHealth to specific categories of lowincome people

(maximum grant for 1 person = $303/month

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EAEDC Categories

Disabled (largest group)

Elders

Mass. Rehab Commission (MRC)Participants

Caring for Disabled Person

Caretaker Families

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EAEDC - Disabled

Disability standards similar but easier to meetthan SSI

Example – disability at least 60 days insteadof 12 months for SSI

Process is easier

Can qualify within 30 days

If meet verification requirements, get benefitswhile disability evaluation is taking place

Legally present immigrants not eligible for SSIcan qualify for EAEDC

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EAEDC Example

George was working in landscaping, but hisfather had a stroke and requires assistance.

George leaves his landscaping job andmoves in with his father to take care of him.

Now George has no income.

George can apply for EAEDC as a caretaker.His father’s doctor needs to verify that withoutGeorge’s care, his father would need to be ina nursing home, then George can receiveEAEDC benefits

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EAEDC ADVOCACY TIPS

Work the EAEDC Advocacy Guide – carefully reviewcategories to find one that works – remember shelterexpenses for homeless people

Check EAEDC regulations

www.mass.gov/dta/regulations

If “stuck”:

Contact DTA Ombudman –

Sara Craven, 617-348-5354,sara.craven@state.ma.us

Or a legal advocate:

- see www.masslegalservices.org

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SSDI/SSI Disability – What is it?

Two cash assistance programs administeredby Social Security Administration – they are cousins

Social Security Disability Insurance (SSDI)

Disabled or retired

Must have work history (10 yrs plus, less if < 26)

No income/asset test

Supplemental Security Income (SSI)

Disabled or elderly (65+)

low income and assets

No work history requirement

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SSDI v SSI – what’s different?

SSDI

Payment Max. $2788/m

Eligibility Disabled & Insured

InsuredFICA/Taxes onearnings, 5 of 10 preinjury/illness

Spouse & Dependents ↑ $$$

Payment up to 1 year prior toapp

Insurance Program

SSI (+ SSP)

Payment Max $771/m, SSP $114.39

Eligibility Disabled & Poor

PoorIncome < Payment RateResources < $2000

Household ↑, $$$ ↓

Payment from application date

Welfare Program

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Low wage/limited work history/lowasset recipients often get acombination of SSI and SSDI –capped at SSI payment level + $20

The two programs have verydifferent work incentives rules

Paid training programs andstipends DO NOT count as wages

SSDI/SSI and Wages 25

SSI Recipient & Wages: Example If no income other than wages and SSI, take gross

wages, subtract $85 and ½ of balance, subtract theresult from the SSI payment level.

Example: SSI and wages

Elena lives alone and gets SSI of $771/month

She gets a job earning $210/week ($903/month)

How much of the $903 is counted?

$903 $771 SSI

- 85 - 409 Countable wages

$818: subtract ½ of $818 = $409 $362 SSI

Elena earns $903 plus gets $362 in SSI = $1,265

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SSDI Recipient & Wages

SSDI Work Incentives are different (BETTER) from SSI!

1. Trial Work Period –

9 months (not necessarily consecutive) in 5 years

No impact on SSDI benefit

2. Extended Period of Eligibility – 36 consecutivemonths after end of Trial Work Period, In any monthearning under SGA (currently $1,220), no impact on SSDI

3. After end of Extended Period of Eligibility

If earn over SGA in a month, benefits terminate.

Can apply for expedited reinstatement

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UI – What is it?

Unemployment Insurance Benefits

Not all employers participate

Must Be:

legally authorized to work in the U.S.

unemployed, or working significantlyreduced hours, through no fault of your own

able, available and actively seekingsuitable work

Earned at least $5,100 and worked 15 weeksin prior 12 months

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UI Benefit Amounts & Earnings fromPart-Time Work

Benefits generally ½ of weekly wages,capped at $795/week (adjusted yearly)

Plus $25 per dependent child

Effect of part-time work on UnemploymentBenefits:

Can earn up to 1/3 of benefit amountwith no impact on Unemployment check

Additional earnings will be deductedfrom the Unemployment check

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UI and Wages Example

Sam is single and has 1 child. She gets $300/week in UIbenefits, plus an additional $25 dependents benefits

She earns about $100/week driving with Lyft. No impacton benefits since less than 1/3.

Some weeks she earns up to $200/week. The first $100 inwages = no effect. The additional $100 in earnings issubtracted from benefits, so:

UI Benefits: $325.00

First $100 Wages: + $100.00

Second $100 Wages - $100.00

Sam’s weekly income = $425.00

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Programs for Veterans

US VeteransAdministration

Pension Benefits

Service-Connected DisabilityCompensation – Max $2,973/m

Survivor/Dependent Benefits

VA Healthcare

Compensation for Injuries Causedby VA Healthcare

Others: Burial Expenses, EducationBenefits, Voc. Rehab., Home Loans,etc.

MA VeteransServices/Ch. 115

Critical source of financial supports

Temporary crises

Long-standing needs

Helps fill gaps left by other programsor caused by delays at VBA orelsewhere

Local VSOs connect veterans toservices/resources

Supportive Services for VeteranFamilies: provides case managementand short-term financial assistance forhomeless or near-homeless veteransand families (rent arrears, housingstart-up costs)

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Veterans Benefits & Wages

VA Service Connected Compensation No limit on earnings even if 100% service

connected disability rating

VA Non-Service Connected TD/IU- Earnings up to $1000 pm, more if work is in a “protectedenvironment” such as a family business

• VA Pension ends once earnings go over ~$1170per month

• MA Chap 115 ends once earnings are over$1200 per month

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Veterans Benefits Example

Millie has a service connected disability rated at10 % for which she receives $140 per month. Shejust returned to Boston to attend a vocationaltraining program and will live with her mother whois retired and on Social Security of $1400 pm. Sheis looking for a job but has not found one yet.

Millie AND her mother can apply for and receiveChap 115 benefits so long as their income is lessthan $2743 pm

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Tax Benefits – EITC, etc.

Earned Income Tax Credit

For working people with low or moderate income

Even workers who owe no taxes can get moneyback

1 in 5 eligible workers don’t get the EITC becausethey don’t know about it, don’t know how toclaim it, or don’t know where to find trustworthytax help

Can claim credit for up to three prior years ifeligible and not previously claimed

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EITC 2018 Credit Amounts

Credit amount up to:

$6,431 with three or more qualifying children

Income limit of $49,194 ($54,884 if married)

$5,716 with two qualifying children

Income limit of $45,802 ($45,802 if married)

$3,461 with one qualifying child

Income limit of $40,320 ($46,010 if married)

$519 with no qualifying childrenIncome limit of $15,270 ($20,950 if married)

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EITC cont. & other tax credits

EITC Calculator available on IRS website

Getting EITC does not affect any federally funded cash orwelfare benefit unless it has been saved for over 12 months

• Massachusetts also has EITC – calculated as 23% of federalEITC. So example if federal EITC is $2,000, Mass adds $460

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In addition to EITC, Child Tax Credit of up to $2,000 per child, partial creditsup to $1400/child if earnings are over $2,500

Other tax credits – child/dependent care, education credits

Free Tax Assistance at VITA sites found through www.irs.gov

Warn clients to avoid services like refunds advances, they have high interestrates

Child Support

Families on TAFDC

If family is on TAFDC, child support is assigned to state, $50 pass-through to family

Must cooperate unless there is “good cause”

Sanctions should be easily cured

Families not on TAFDC

Child support can be obtained or upwardly modified

Dept. of Revenue can assist

Increases effective from date of filing motion for modification,so don’t delay!

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Increasing Opportunity& Reducing Expenses

OBJECTIVES:

Basic understanding of cashsaving and non-cash subsidiesand resources

Know enough to spot potentialfor clients

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Programs Covered

Transportation

Child Care

SNAP/Food Supports

Education and Training

Utilities

Housing Supports

Health Insurance

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MBTA Transportation Subsidies

Disabled MassHealth recipients can get reducedcost or free transportation with “The Ride” tomedical appointments

Free MBTA use for children 11 and under, andblind/vision impaired individuals

Reduced fare MBTA use for seniors, disabledindividuals, students, and low-income youngadults 18-25

www.mbta.com/fares/reduced

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TAFDC Transportation Assistance

TAFDC Recipients who are working or in mostEmployment Development Plan activitiesreceive $80/month transportationreimbursement

Automatic unless declined

Can start 1month before

Paid 1/month at the beginning of the month

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Subsidized Child Care

Who is eligible for subsidized child care?

TAFDC recipients

Former TAFDC recipients

Homeless families

Teen parents

DCF-involved families

Other income eligible families(but wait list)

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Child Care for TAFDC Recipients TAFDC recipients gets FREE child care for approved activities

including work, education & training, job search & communityservice

Full time child care up to 50 hrs/week (incl. time to transport child)

Work or combined activity at least 30 hours/week

School for at least 12 credit hours

Approved job search activity

Part time if working or other approved activity at least 20 hours

No Wait List!

Also covers children not on the TAFDC grant because theyreceive SSI or are excluded under Family Cap

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TAFDC Recipients – Getting Child Care

Get verification of activity hours and start date

Get ESP child care referral from DTA

Get voucher from Child Care Resource and Referral Agency*(CCR&R)

Find a provider

• CCR&R Locator:https://eeclead.force.com/EEC_CCRRSearch

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Child Care for former TAFDCRecipients

Former TAFDC recipients can get Transitional child care [even if shorttime on TAFDC]

For up to 6 months to finish approved education/training program

For employment if TAFDC ended in the last 12 months

No wait list

Sliding Fee Scale

Can become a regular voucher if continuing service need – a“permanent” child care subsidy

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Amount of subsidized child care

Service Need Hours per Week

Full-time 30-50 hours/weekor Full time high school or college

Part-time 20-30 hours/week

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Subsidized Child Care Hours, cont.

Service need (hours of care) should include:

Study time

For each hour in education or training, count1 hour to allow for home work/study

Travel time

Add 5 hours/week to part-time service need

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Other ways to access subsidizedchild care

Homelessness – but requires a referral from DHCD

DCF Involvement

Both DHCD and DCF referrals are to “contract slots”

Otherwise – apply at CCR&R, but long wait list

This is why access via TAFDC is so important!

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Education and Training

3 Main Means of Access:

DTA Education and Training

Unemployment benefits Educationand Training

Individual Training Accounts

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DTA Employment & Training

TAFDC Pathways to Self-Sufficiency

Usually limited training – 4-12 weeks, CNA,medical office work, food service, dental asst.

DTA Works – (30 hours/week up to 6 months atDTA office) dtaworks@state.ma.us

DTA child care and transportation $ forapproved non-DTA programs including college

Young Parents Program (pregnant or parenting14-21 without high school diploma

SNAP Pathways to Work

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Unemployment Benefits Education& Training – Section 30

Section 30 extends Unemployment Benefits (does notpay for the training)

Up to additional 26 weeks of UI benefits, eliminatesobligation to do job search

Must apply within first 20 weeks unless good cause

Unemployed and unlikely to obtain suitable work withcurrent skills

Vocational, basic skills – can include ELL

Generally must be full-time

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Career Center ITAs

Individual Training Accounts (ITAs) throughCareer Centers – pays cost of trainingprogram

Unemployed/underemployed workers wholack skills to get a job that leads to self-sufficiency

Must first utilize basic and core services

Must be an approved program

Can be combined with Section 30

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SNAP (Food Stamps) Working families/individuals can often get SNAP

even if ineligible for cash assistance – income limitsare higher

There is no asset limit for most SNAP households

Many college students can qualify

SNAP awarded from date of application, so don’tdelay!

Can apply in person at DTA, via fax, or on-line (onDTA website)

Calculators available at:

www.gettingfoodstamps.org or

www.masslegalservices.org/FSCalculator

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SNAP (cont.)

DTA makes applications easier

In person interviews can be waived

Many factors can be self-declared (sheltercosts)

Statewide Assistance Line 1-877-382-2363automated service for case status, benefitamount, next payment, address change

My Account Page (MAP), DTA Connect App

Unmarried adults living together may be ableto maximize SNAP with separate SNAPhouseholds

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SNAP “Allotments”

Min. $16 –SSI/SSDIrecipientswith lowhousing orotherexpenses

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SNAP – What to do when you can’treach anyone?

Chronic problems with phone system – long waitsand disconnects

Fax release to Taunton fax: 1-800-877-8765

Contact Ombudsperson’s office

Look on masslegalservices.org for Assistant Directors– call or e-mail

Remember emergency SNAP and food pantries

www.projectbread.org

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Women, Infants & Children (WIC)

WIC – Supplemental nutritional benefit for pregnantand breastfeeding mothers and children under five

The benefit is in addition to and does not affect SNAP

WIC can be used for milk, cheese, eggs, peanutbutter, formula, dried beans, cereal, fresh fruit andvegetables

See www.mass.gov/women-infants-children-wic-nutrition-program

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Utilities – Fuel Assistance

Households are eligible up to 60% of areamedian income

Household Size Income Limit

1 person $35,510

3 person household $57,363

5 person household $79,210

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Utilities – Fuel Assistance

Can get up to $1,400 (oil), $1,100 (utility)

Renters who pay for heat

Homeowners

Direct payment if NOT in subsidized housing and heatincluded in rent (!)

To find local agency: 1-800-632-8175 or

www.mass.gov/service-details/learn-about-low-income-home-energy-assistance-program-liheap

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Utilities – Discount Rates

• Discount utility rates

• Eligibility is 60% of state median income

• Bill can be reduced 16-32%

• Automatically reduced if on public benefits or fuelassistance (usually)

• Can also apply and prove income

• Some retroactive adjustments available

• Not required for Municipal Utilities

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Utilities – Payment Plans

Payment plans available for arrearages

Before termination, company must offera payment plan of at least four months(equl payments)

Arrearage Management Programsavailable through utilities – partialforgiveness of arrearage in exchange forremaining current at a set flat rate

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Utilities – Shut-offs Shut-off Prevention – Winter Moratorium:

A utility used for heat cannot be shut off if there is financialhardship and it is between November 15 and March 15 (may beextended)

Financial hardship standard is also 60% of state median income

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Shut-off Protection:

No shut-off of gas and/or electricity if there is financial hardship and

Someone living in the home has a chronic, severe illness. Verifiedby a doctor, nurse practitioner or physician’s assistant by letterevery 3 months (or call in case of emergency)

Everyone in the household is 65 or older or a minor

There is a child under one year old in the home

Utilities – DPU (How to Get Help)

Massachusetts Department of PublicUtilities regulates utilities

DPU Consumer Division an be helpful forinformation and dispute with utilitycompanies

Consumer Division contact information:

1-877-886-5066 or

www.mass.gov/dpu-consumer-information/need-to-know

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State Public Housing and MRVPWork Incentives

State public housing/MRVP residents who transitionfrom welfare to work may be entitled to significantsavings in their rent

Work incentive criteria

On TAFDC, SSI, EAEDC or SSDI for 12 months

There is a decrease in public benefits due to earnings

Entitled to a rent freeze for one continuous 12 monthperiod (once per lifetime)

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Federal Housing Work Incentives

Federal public housing work incentive

Income increases as a result of employment ifunemployed or underemployed (earned lessthan 10 hrs/wk. x minimum wage for 50 weeks– for 2019 = 12 x $10 x 50 = $6,000) in prior 12months

Income increases as a result of earningsduring self-sufficiency or job training program

New or increased earnings if receipt ofTAFDC, child care voucher in prior 6 months

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Federal Housing Work Incentives(cont.)

How does it work?

For All Federal Public Housing, and Disabled(only) Section 8 Voucher Tenants*

Full disregard of earnings for 12 months

50% disregard of earnings for the next 12 months

Each adult household member gets her own 24month disregard

*does not include non-disabled Section 8Voucher Tenants

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Federal Housing Work IncentivesExample

Maria receives $600 per month from TAFDC.Her rent in federal public housing is $200.

Maria gets a job and earns $1,200/month(and her TAFDC benefits stop).

Normally, Maria’s rent would increase to$400/month (1 third of $1,200)

Instead, Maria’s rent remains at $200/monthfor the first year and $300/month for thesecond year

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Homelessness Prevention Funds

RAFT:

Administered by regional non-profits

Eligibility up to 50% of AMI

Up to $4,000 for households at imminent risk ofhomelessness. Can pay rent/utility arrears, start upcosts (first, last, security), moving costs

HomeBase:

Pregnant woman or household with a child

EA eligible (includes income under 115% FPL)

Can pay up to $10,000 to prevent homelessness

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Homelessness Prevention Funds

Check availability of municipal funds

HOME monies

ESG funds

CDBG funds

Private funds

United Way

Salvation Army

Community Action Agencies

Lend-a-Hand, Family To Family, HomeStart, Heading Home,Jewish Family and Children’s Services

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Medical Assistance Programs

Medicare - Automatic with SSDI after 24 months

MassHealth – Automatic with SSI and DTAadministered welfare programs

Can also apply separate from cash assistance

Multiple Programs and Coverage Levels – seecharts in materials

Affordability: Premiums, Co-pays, Deductibles

Prescription Assistance

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MassHealth

Covers morethan 1/4 ofMA residents

42% ofcoveredindividualsare able-bodiedadults,usually un- orunder-employed

Non-DisabledChildren

32%

[CATEGORYNAME]

[PERCENTAGE][CATEGORY

NAME][PERCENTAGE]

Adults withDisabilities

14%

[CATEGORYNAME]

[PERCENTAGE]

Non-DisabledAdults42%

MASSHEALTH ENROLLMENT

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Reducing Barriers and Liabilities

OBJECTIVES:

Basic understanding of cashsaving and expense reducingoptions and other resources

Know enough to spot potentialfor clients

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Programs Covered

Bankruptcy

Student Loans

Child Support Modification

CORI Sealing &Expungement

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Bankruptcy

Consider bankruptcy as a way to eliminatemany types of debt – incl. SSI Overpayments

Fresh start by discharging debt

Can temporarily stop eviction/foreclosure ifjudgment for possession has not issued

Utility terminations – can stop threatenedtermination; continued service conditionedon payment of current bills as they are issued

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Bankruptcy (cont.)

Chapter 7 (liquidation)

Generally filed when there are few assets, can protect home with ahomestead declaration

Can generally keep a car if worth under $7,500 ($15,000 for elders) afterdeducting the amount owed form the value of the car

Will probably not prevent foreclosure or prevent repossession if behind onmortgage or car payments and can’t pay off arrears quickly

Chapter 13 (reorganization)

Gives you a chance to pay off debts over an extended period of time andavoid eviction, foreclosure or other outcomes

Generally filed where more assets, including property or a business

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Bankruptcy (cont.)

Cannot discharge certain debts suchas child support, alimony, criminal fines

Usually cannot discharge debt forstudent loans, tax debt

Must get consumer credit counseling

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Student Loans – PermanentDisability Discharge

While generally can’t dischargestudent loans in bankruptcy, you canget federal student loans “discharged”in the case of “permanent disability”

VA determination of 100% disability

SSA disability determination with review 5-7 yearsfrom the disability determination (SSA shouldreach out)

MD or DO certification of total andpermanent disability (at least 5 years)

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Student Loans – PermanentDisability Discharge (cont.)

If SSA or MD certification, discharge is not finalized until 3years have passed

Can limit ability to get federal student loans in the future

Can get more info or apply online atwww.disabilitydischarge.com

victims of “predatory” student loans through for-profitschools have recourse – contact AG’s office

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Child Support Modification

Individuals obliged by court order to pay childsupport who can no longer make paymentsdue to unemployment or disability shouldrequest a modification as soon as possible

Modifications must be by court order – adviseclients to file a motion to modify as soon aspossible, since child support continues toaccrue

www.mass.gov/how-to/request-a-change-to-your-child-support-court-order

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CORI Sealing and Expungement

Having a criminal record can limit access to housing, trainingand employment

Advise clients to investigate eligibility for CORI sealing and/orexpungement

All non-sexual offense convictions, except for a first time drugpossession conviction, can be sealed by mail after a waitingperiod of at least 3 years for a misdemeanor or 7 years for afelony.

If a case was dismissed or ended with a not guilty finding or anolle prosequi (the prosecutor dropped the case), it can besealed by a judge without any waiting period.

See https://www.masslegalhelp.org/cori/how-to-seal

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