NACADA Summer InstituteCharlie L. Nutt

NACADA Executive OfficeKansas State University

The presenter acknowledges the work of Joanne Huber , Dorothy Burton Nelson, Betsy McCalla-Wriggins, Ruth Darling, and Virginia Gordon in the preparation of this presentation.

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Intended OutcomesAs a result of participation in the workshop, participants will:Deepen their understanding of the similarities of academic

advising and career life planning Understand the importance of integrating the two functions

Increase awareness of the historical and theoretical backgrounds leading to career advising

Develop competencies in career advising

Gain practical suggestions for using career advising in advising sessions

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Students often come to college to get abetter job, but their education neither

makes much sense to them nor is it in conversation with their lives,

personally or professionally, or future career goals. (Anonymous)

52% of college students selected college because

“graduates get good jobs.”

(retrieved on 1/26/08) fromhttp://chronicle.com/temp/emails.php?

is=mhHGh2FmFxKvjykreNp4fosqvb4pm

The NEED for Career Advising…

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Career Advising NeedsCareer Advising Needs

Gordon states,

All students need career advising, even

those who enter college already decided

on an academic major. (Gordon, 2006, p. 5)

Question for us:

Is the need on your campus recognized, and what

is the response?4

What is Academic Advising (AA)?What we know:Academic advising (AA) is a process that is integral tothe mission and goal of higher education.

One definition…It is a “series of intentional interactions with acurriculum, a pedagogy, and a set of studentLearning outcomes. AA synthesizes and

contextualizesstudents’ educational experiences within the

frameworkof their aspirations, abilities and lives to extend

learningbeyond campus boundaries and timeframes

(NACADA,2006).

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What is Career Planning and Development?

Career planning and development is a lifelong process that includes All psychological, sociological, educational,economic, cultural and physical factors, as

well aschance factors that interact to influence the

careerof the individual.

(Sears, 1982, adapted by Brown, 2003) 6

What is Career Advising (CA)?What is Career Advising (CA)?

Understanding of interrelatedness of academic decisions and future life and career goals

Helping students to increase awareness of who they are, where they want to go, and how to make decisions to get there

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Viewing career advising “as an integral,

natural part of academic advising” (Gordon,

2006, p. 12) makes students’ academic and

career planning important and presents a

coordinated approach that has the potential

to benefit students.

***********DO LOTTERY ACTIVITY TOGETHER

Career Advising: An Integral Part of Academic Advising

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Similarities Between AA and CLP/CA

Functional SkillsCounseling and

ListeningBuilding

relationshipsCommunicatingTeachingDecision makingChallenging and

supporting Referring

Knowledge BaseStudent

DevelopmentInstitutionPolicies and

ProceduresPrograms and

DegreesSupport

Services

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Differences Between AA and CLPAAKnowledge BaseStudent developmentCurriculaCurricular progressionDegree specificsGraduation requirements

Goals AchievedPersistence & graduation

Decision MakingStable dataCurricula and course

selectionDegree completion

CLPKnowledge BaseCareer theoryCareers/OccupationsJob searchEmployment marketEmployer expectations

Goals AchievedCareer connections

Decision MakingEver-changing dynamicCareer choice and job marketOn-going life time process

D. Burton, SLU

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A Look at Goals for Career Planning

Broad Areas of Career Development Competency (NCDG)* Personal Social Development

Develop understanding of self to maintain positive self-concept Develop positive interpersonal skills Integrate growth and change into career development Balance personal, leisure, family and work roles

Educational Achievement and Lifelong Learning Attain educational achievement needed to reach personal and career

goals Participate in lifelong learning to function effectively in global economy

and diverse world

Career Management Create career plan to meet goals Use decision making Use accurate career information in career planning Master academic, and occupational skills to maintain and advance

employment Integrate changing trends, needs and economic conditions in career

plans

*National Career Development Guidelines (2003, updated from 1989)www.acrnetwork.org/ncdg.htm

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“The ultimate responsibility for making decisions

about educational plans and life goals should rest

with the individual student” (CAS, 2005, p. 7).

Students’ Responsibility

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Advisor’s Role in Integration of AA and

CLP...

Understand connectionsDevelop student learning

outcomesMake referralsDevelop competenciesActive integration of academic

advising and career strategies

CAREER ADVISING13

Categories of Career TheoriesStarted with Frank ParsonsPremise: “Better to choose a vocation than

merely hunt for a job.”Wrote “Choosing a Vocation” 1909

CategoriesDevelopmentalTrait and FactorSocioeconomicLearningValue-Based ModelEmerging – Constructivist/Post-Modern

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John Holland’s Theory of Types and Person-Environment Interactions

Four AssumptionsEach person categorized as 1 of

6 typesSix kinds of work environmentsPeople search for environments

that match their interests, values and abilities (congruence)

Behavior is determined by interaction between personality and characteristics of the environment (Holland, 1973, pp. 2-4)

TYPES

•R=Realistic•I=Investigative•A=Artistic•S=Social•E=Enterprising•C=Conventional

R

C

E S

A

I

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Super’s Life-Span, Life-Space TheoryBuilt on 14 assumptions proposed by Super Five phases of developmental life span:

1. Growth2. Exploration3. Establishment4. Maintenance5. Disengagement

Information helps advisors to see developmental nature of career planning, and students are at different stages

increating their “life plan.”

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Cognitive Information Processing (CIP)

Seven Steps in CIP Approach

1. Initial interview and relationship

2. Assessment

3. Define problem

4. Determine goals

5. Create individual learning plan

6. Provide feedback on plan

7. Summative review

CASVE (information processing) Communication, Analysis, Synthesis, Valuing, &

Execution(Sampson, Reardon, Peterson, & Lenz, 2004)

Meta-cognitions

Info-ProcessingSkills

(CASVE)

SelfKnowledge

Occupational Knowledge

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Constructivist/Post Modern Theory

The Counselor:Forms cooperative alliance with

studentEncourages self- help Helps client elaborate and

evaluate his/her construction of decisions

Helps client reconstruct and negotiate meaningful and socially supportable realities

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Activities to Do

Lottery activity

Value activity

? OTHERS ?

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Career Advising

Three components identified by Virginia Gordon, 2006

InquireInform

Integrate

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The 3-1 ProcessInquire – Ask probing questions so advisor and

student (partners in the advising process) can address the problem or situation correctly

Inform – advisors must connect advisees with reliable resources for career information, especially related to their particular interests and goals

Integrate – connect self-assessment with major, major with occupational information, and all exploration to the career planning process for effective decision making.

Gordon, 2006

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Factors in the Integrative Process Gordon, 2006

Decisions

Decision Making Influences

Integration

Selfknowledge

Information Systems

&Resources

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The seven steps of the career advising process listed within the umbrella of Gordon’s (2006) 3-I Process:

INQUIRE1. Establish rapport/build working relationship with student.2. Determine student’s knowledge base and assess needs.

INFORM3. Explain and help students to understand the valuable connections that

exist between self awareness, educational choices, occupational information, and academic and career planning.

4. Explain interventions to assist students in self, major, and career exploration and career planning.

5. Set career advising goals with the student. Help student to see the outcomes that will result from set goals.

INTEGRATE 6. Review and integrate gathered information, including interpretation of exploration results, and affirm or formulate thoughts and choices about major and career plans.7. Evaluate and plan any short or long term follow up with the student.

Let’s break them down…

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Inquire

1. Establish rapport/build working relationship with student.“How is your semester going? What are youthinking about today that I can assist with?”

2. Determine student’s knowledge base and assess needs. Remember to consider what is not being said.

“I understand that you would like to choose some classes. Are you willing to explore a little to find options for free electives that tie in with future goals?”

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Inform3. Explain and help students to understand the valuable

connections that exist between self awareness, educational choices, occupational information, and academic and career planning.

4. Explain and help student select interventions to assist in self, major, and career planning.

5. Set career advising goals with the student. Help student to see the outcomes that will result from set goals.

“So, tell me about your plans for this major and how you would like to use it after graduation.

What are the areas of work that interest you? Have you thought about your values as they relate to the work

world? May I tell you about some resources that you can use to

investigate various jobs related to your major?”Are you willing to use some of the resources to explore careers and

then we can tie some your course selections to your ideas for the future?

Let’s summarize what you plan to accomplish before our next appointment. 25

Integrate6. Review and integrate gathered information,

including interpretation of exploration results, and affirm or formulate thoughts and choices about major and career plans.

7. Evaluate and plan any short or long term follow up with the student.

“I am glad you are here to share the results of your exploration. Let’s take a look.

Which jobs are most interesting to you? What did you learn when you researched them?

How does your research tie in with the courses you are thinking about?

Would you like to return to discuss this again?”

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Assessment Resources…Campbell Interest and Skill Survey (CISS) Holland’s Self-Directed Search (SDS)Strong Interest Inventory (SII)Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI)Career Assessment Inventory (CAI)Career Occupational Preference System COPSystem SIGIArmed Services Vocational Aptitude Battery (ASVAB)eDiscoverMyRoad.com MyRoad.com – www.collegeboard.comSIGI 3 – www.sigi2.orgDISCOVER – www.act.org 27

Major/Career Exploration ResourcesVocational BiographiesOccupational Outlook Handbook (OOH) (www.bls.gov/oco/)Guide for Occupational Exploration by US Employment ServiceO*NET online.onetcenter.org or (www.onetcenter.org)America’s Career Kit (www.ajb.dni.us)Career Info Net (www.acinet.org)What Can I Do With a Major in Series

(www.uncwil.edu/stuaff/career/majors)Occupational Outlook Quarterly

(www,bls.gov/opub/ooq/ooqhome.htm)Employment and Industry Trends

(www.rileyguide.com/trends.html)Careers by Major

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What Advisors Can Do…

Establish personal career-advising principles and goalsby which they will advise

Expand knowledge and understanding of careerand student development theories

Study career decision-making styles and strategies

Know first-hand the career resources on campusBookmark career related web sites

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What Advisors Can Do…(cont)

Develop a career-advising library for their offices

Create career-related handouts applicable to the majors they advise

Become familiar with career tests, assessments, and computerized career guidance systems available on campus; create a handout of the same with contacts

Take part in advisor development programs that can expand their career-advising expertise

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Formal Integration…. Things to Consider

ResourcesStaffBudgetFacilities/locationProfessional

development/Training

MaterialsTechnology

Time for reflectionExpectations of staffFearsBalancing demandsPerception of

resourcesAccountability and

responsibilityLocation of unitBalancing

responsibilities31

Questions, Answers, and

Best Practices

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Case Studies

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Case Study - BeccaCase Study - BeccaBecca is first-year business major who needs to choose courses for next semester. In the advising session, Becca expresses that she likes the major, but she does not know what she wants to do with it. She shares that she might be interested in entrepreneurship and likes some aspects of marketing, but being an actuary sounds kind of interesting. She continues to comment that she heard that you can make a lot of money doing MIS (Management Information Systems). Additionally, she is very people oriented so she thinks she could be successful in Human Resources, but she worries because she doesn’t always have a lot of patience. She expresses concern that she knows there are a million different directions a Bachelors of Science in Business degree can take her; she is just not sure where she wants to go with it.

How would you advise Becca?

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Case Study - HatefCase Study - HatefHatef is a sophomore transfer student from the nearby community college who declared Law/Justice because he thought it would help his chances of getting accepted. He transferred eight general education classes.

He really is not sure what he wants for a major. He did well in a Psychology class, but he doesn’t know what kind of career he could do related to Psychology. Engineering sounds like a major that interests him, but he heard that it is really hard and he does not have the requirements to apply. He could be a math major, but he is not really great at math and is worried about the higher-level courses. He really doesn’t know what major to pick and what kind of job he wants to get.

How would you advise Hatef?35

Case Study - TakitaCase Study - TakitaTakita started freshman year as an education major. She seeks advising at the end of the spring semester for fall and appears very nervous. She confides that she doesn’t know if she wants to major in education anymore. She only declared elementary education and Spanish as her majors because her mom is on the school board and she knows there is a shortage of foreign language teachers at the elementary school level.

She thinks she could make a difference in kids’ lives, but she doesn’t know if teaching is right for her. She hates to baby-sit, and she has very little patience with young children. She couldn’t stand it in high school when students were disrespectful. She worries now that she chose education more to please her mom than because she really wants to be a teacher. She is still interested in Spanish, but she doesn’t know if she wants to teach as a career.

How will you advise Takita? 36

References

Brown, D. 2003. Career information, career counseling, and career development. San Francisco: Allyn and Bacon.

Fullan, M. (2001). Leading in a culture of change. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.Gordon, V. N., Habley, W. R., Grites, T. J., & Associates. (Eds.). (2008). Academic

advising: A comprehensive handbook. (2nd ed.) San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.

Habley, W. 2000. Current practices in academic advising. . In V. N. Gordon, W. R. Habley, & Associates, Academic advising: A comprehensive handbook. (pp. 35-43). San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.

NACADA, (2006). Statement of Core Values of Academic Advising. In M. S. Hunter, B. McCalla-Wriggins, & E. R. White, Academic advising: New insights for teaching and learning in the first year (Monograph No. 46 [National Resource Center]; Monograph No. 14 [National Academic Advising Association]; (pp. 2334-240). Columbia, SC: University of South Carolina, National Resource Center for the First-Year Experience and Students in Transition.

Niles, S. & Harris-Bowlsbey, J (2005). Career Development Interventions for the 21st Century, Second Edition. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey: Merrill Prentice Hall.

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