Advantix Final

Winner of AHR’s Most Innovative Cooling Product, 2011

LIQUID DESICCANT AIR CONDITIONING Saves energy, Controls humidity, Cleans air

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JOSE M ESPINOSASales Director, Latin AmericaEmail: @advantixsystems.com


Air conditioning as we’ve known it…

musty odors

freezing conditions

high electric bills

maintenance issues

mold & bacteria

2


Sensible(temperature reduction)

60-80%

Reduced directly by absorbing heat into the refrigerant

Conventional A/C Process

Reduced indirectly by overcooling air to condensation point

Humidity: The Hidden Cost Driver

2

Typical Building Design Load

Latent(humidity removal)

20-40%

Temperature

Humidity

Humidity Removal

30-50% of energy costs

40-60% of up-front costs

3

RULES

When plotted on a psychometric chart, the

extension of the line joining the air entering

and leaving conditions MUST intersect the

saturation line. This intersection is known as

the Average Coil Surface Temperature( ),

Apparatus Dew Point or Coil Dew Point. sT

I

For all coils that cool and dehumidify:

4

Enteringcondition

Leaving condition

sT

Average CoilSurfaceTemperature(Apparatus DewPoint - ADP)

Coolingcoil process

Cooling

Dehumidifying

Saturationline

2004 ASHRAE HANDBOOK“Performance of Dehumidifying Coils” - Pag. 21.12

5

Higher OA

Humidity

40 45 50 55 60 65

2

4

6

8

Room Relative Humidity (%)

To

ns

Dehumidifying Capacity Required(1000 CFM of Outdoor Ventilation Air)

Supply Air: 75F DB

28.3 22.0 16.5

Reheat Capacity Required (MBH)

13.5

80°F OAWB

75°F OAWB

70°F OAWB

6DOAS

Conditioned

Space

O.A.

TRADITIONAL HVAC SYSTEM

R.A.

T

The HVAC system is expected to pull triple duty:

ventilation, humidity and temperature control

7DOAS

Conditioned

Space

DOAS CONCEPT

DOASO.A.

Dedicated Outdoor Air System

STCS

Space Temperature Control System

T

R.A.

8DOAS

If the sensible contribution of the DOAS to the room sensible cooling capacity is higher than the minimum room sensible load the ventilation air must be reheated to avoid overcooling the space.

CAUTION

The outdoor ventilation air must be cooled to a condition below the room dew point in order to control the humidity in the room.Besides neutralizing the room latent load it will also make a contribution to offset the room sensible load.

9DOAS

Room condition: 75°F/55%RH

Example

G =155

30 x 0.69

= 8 gr/lb

Humidity ratio of incoming O.A. = 71 – 8 = 63 gr/lb

Approx. coil leaving DB/WB: 55.0°F/54.7°F

Humidity ratio of supply ventilation air to offset the guest room latent load:

/71gr/lb

Contribution of the DOAS ventilation air to the room sensible cooling requirements (neglecting supply and fan heat gains):

30 x 1.10 x (75 – 55) = 660 BTUH

10DOAS

DOAS – OPTIONS WITH REHEAT

FanO.A.

Reheat coil

CONVENTIONAL REHEAT

Cooling coil

Filters

11

HEAT RECOVERY

Ventilation Air

Consider…

Operating Cost

12

DOAS c/ Reheat

Panama, Panama:

189

MBH

83.6

Tons

55oFDB

55oFWB

65Gr/lb d.a.

T

86oFDB

158Gr/lb d.a.

81.7oFWB

10,000

CFM

To

Guest

rooms

72oFDB

65Gr/lb d.a.

61.3oFWB

T

Cooling

Coil

Reheat

Coil

13

h=27.4BTU/lb

h=41.3BTU/lb

Dry Bulb Temperature

Hum

idity R

atio

h=45.5BTU/lb

86

156

O.A.

65

55

Cooling Coil

h=23.2BTU/lb

72

Reheat Coil

78.1

Panama, Panama

4.2BTU/lb

4.2BTU/lb

18.1BTU/lb

14

Heat Recovery

10000CFM

86.0oFBS

81.7oFWB

78.1oFBS

77.8oFWB

55.0oFBS

55.0oFWB

72.0oFDB

61.3oFWB

Chilled Wateror DX

Pump-Around

Panama, Panama

189.0MBH 189.0MBH814.5MBH

Precooling Reheat

15

Heat Recovery – Heat Pipe

Heat Pipe

To rooms

Outdoor

Air

Cooling

coil

Fan

U Shape Arrangement

Coolingcoil

16DOAS

DOAS w/ HEAT RECOVERY WHEEL

FanO.A.

TOTAL AND SENSIBLE

Fan E.A.

TotalH.R.wheel

SensibleH.R.wheelCooling

coil

EXHAUST

TOSPACE


Standard approaches to dealing with humidity:

4

Off-the-Shelf

Dedicated Systems / DOAS

Solid Desiccant

• Overcools the air using traditional vapor-compression equipment

• Overcools as above, with larger coil and refrigeration capacity, often reheats to achieve comfortable conditions

• Extracts humidity through chemical absorption and heat, requires post-cooling of overheated air

Welcome to our World!Liquid Desiccant Air Conditioning

Cool, dehumidify and clean air

Jose M Espinosa - [email protected]

Sales Director Latin America


Introducing Advantix Systems’ liquid desiccant air conditioning

19

All rights reserved Milestones 20

The DuCool system operates on the principle of chemical absorption of

water vapor from the air and uses a desiccant solution of water and Lithium

Chloride salt. This solution is highly stable, non-toxic, not vaporizing and

not degraded by common airborne contaminants.

The technology’s developers have successfully registered it under globally

recognized numerous patents.

In another field of use (water production) the technology received awards

such as “The invention of the year” by Times magazine and the “Silver

medallion” in technology by the Wall Street Journal.

. Rebranded in 2010 to Advantix Systems and moved HQ to Miami

▪ Winner of AHR’s Most innovative Cooling Product Award, 2011

▪ ACHR News Product of the Week award, 2010

Historical Perspective

DuCool Value Proposition 21

The Revolution of Liquid Desiccant Climate Control

Standard Air Conditioning

Liquid Desiccant

Controls Temperature Temperature and Humidity

Powered by Electric energy Renewable/waste energy

Power per Ton of cooling (kW)

1.0 -1.3 0.3-0.8

Air Quality Air is forced through a wet coil. Potential health hazard

Scrubs air eliminating bacteria and particles

More efficient.

Comfort

Zone

Standard air conditioning

Liquid desiccant Avoids “rework” of

conventional systems

Eliminates condensation – no costly maintenance

Our thermodynamic shortcut takes you directly to the Comfort Zone, cutting air conditioning workloads by half or more.

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Cost savings.

▪ Systems sized more efficiently by handling more latent coolingthan conventional units

▪ Smaller capacity compressor, heat exchanger, etc. reduces equipment cost

▪ Zero-down, shared energy savings payment option

First costs (upfront capital)

▪ 30-50% lower energy consumption by avoiding “rework” of conventional systems

▪ Eliminates intensive maintenance - no air filters, evaporator coil, pans, condensate removal systems)

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Maintenance costs

Energy costs (operating expenses)


Better performance.

Indoor air quality

▪ Enables more fresh air intake▪ Disinfectants air▪ Captures allergens and particulates▪ Reduces odors

Humidity control

▪ Reduces mold / mildew damage to buildings and furnishings

▪ Protects sensitive processes and equipment

Safety ▪ Improves surface drying (e.g., floors, counters); reduces exposure to slip & falls

Improved comfort

▪ Avoids “freezing” or muggy ambient conditions

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DuCool’s Technology

The basic DuCool unit consists of 5 major sections.

Process Section – Air Treatment Section

Regeneration Section – Moisture Removal Section

Common Sump - Contains the LiCl desiccant solution

Middle (Pumps) Section – Mechanism Section

Controller – Automatic control of the unit operation

Product lines: thermal energy can be derived from many sources

DT

DH

DB

Powered by Energy Savings

• Electricity only 30 – 50%

• Electricity and external hot/cold water (waste heat)

40 – 60%

• Electricity and renewable power 50 – 80%

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DuCool Product Families28

DuTreat Series Basic Models:

The unit “model designation” is determined by the combination of the Treated Air Volume (CFM) and the

Compressor size (HP), as follows:

For treating greater air volume, 2 (or more) units will be installedor connected in parallel. For deeper dehumidification, 2 units will be connected in series.

The DuTreat (DT) Family

Treated

Air Volume

Small Units Large Units

300 CFM

(510 M³/h)

500 CFM

(850 M³/h)

800 CFM

(1360 M³/h)

1400 CFM

(2380 M³/h)

2400 CFM

(4080 M³/h)

3400 CFM

(5780 M³/h)

Compressor

Size

2.5 HP DT-300/2.5 DT-500/2.5

4.0 HP DT-500/4 DT-800/4

6.0 HP DT-800/6

5.0 HP DT-1400/5 DT-2400/5 DT-3400/5

7.0 HP DT-1400/7 DT-2400/7 DT-3400/7

9.0 HP DT-1400/9 DT-2400/9 DT-3400/9

DuTreat Unit – Assembly view

Inlet Regeneration Fan

Inlet Process Fan

Main Electrical CabinetHx - Process

Hx - Regenerations

Accumulator

Compressor

Post Cooling / Reheat Hx

Pump Compartment Cover

DuTreat Unit – Main Components

Liquid GatewayPre Heating

HxPost Cooling / Reheat Hx

Pre Cooling Hx

Inlet Regeneration Fan

Inlet Process Fan

Main Electrical Cabinet

Accumulator

Hx - Process

Compressor

Hx - Regenerations

Solution Pump - Regeneration

Solution Pump - Process

How it works

Conditioner Section “close-up”

3

2

Liquid desiccant

in @ 60°F

Corrugated

Material

Liquid desiccant

out @ 75°F

Supply air out

@ 72°F, 43% RH

Supply air in

@ 83°F, 78% RH

Desiccant

ΔT = 15°F

Air

ΔT = -11°F

ΔW = -84 gr/lbSensible heat

absorbed

Latent heat

absorbed

Note: incoming air conditions based on ASHRAE humidity load design point for Washington DC

Air cleaner

DuCool – One system combining

=

Air Conditioning Dehumidification

+ +

DuCool Technology 34

Energy reduction –

Main contributors

Efficient Dehumidification and Cooling

Shorter energy path to the comfort zone

Utilization of Renewable Energy Operating

by the cheapest energy source available

+Shifting position in the “Comfort Zone”

Increase temperature and reduce humidity

+

35All rights reserved

Energy Saving

The Thermodynamic Advantage

No need for overcooling


Energy Saving

Standard A/C System (yellow line) –Cools the air to, and then along the dew point line with ~100% relative humidity. Then sometimes needs to heatthe air back to reach the comfort zone.

DuCool System –(Blue lines)Removes humidity and cool theair at the same time, reaching the comfort zone usingonsiderably less energy then the other systems.

Less Energy with Higher Efficiency

for Cooling & Dehumidification

ENERGY

MANAGEMENTThermodynamic

advantageIndoor Air QualityEfficiency Dehumidification

DuCool – A Different Approach

Environmental

ProtectionIndoor Air QualityEfficiency Dehumidification

Environmental

Protection

Thermodynamic

advantage


Energy Saving

DuCool Overview and Proposition Value 37

●

304,000

Btu/Hr

420,000

Btu/Hr

- 25 %

51.8°C ,

100% RH

Fresh Air 86°F , 60% RH

Design 71.6°C , 50% RH

A

BC

LatentKBtu/Hr

SensibleKBtu/Hr

Total KBtu/Hr

ReheatKBtu/Hr

DUCOOL 215 89 304

AC 215 205 420 123

% Difference in Cooling capacity required -25%

T RH

IN 86 ° 60%

OUT 71.6 ° 50%

SHR 30%

Example – Air Flow 5,900 CFM

Indoor Air QualityEfficiency DehumidificationEnvironmental

Protection

Thermodynamic

advantage


Energy SavingDuCool Overview and Proposition Value 38

79° F ,

57% RH

73° F , 80%

RH

81° F, 20%

RH74° F ,

25% RH

The ability to control Relative Humidity enables to increase temperature in the room and

keep comfort conditions

7.2°F increase of the temp. set point can reduce energy consumption by more than 20%

Thermodynamic

advantageIndoor Air Quality ApplicationsEfficiency Dehumidification

Comfort Zone


Protection

Thermodynamic

Advantage

In an application without reheat the only way to control RH is by

decreasing the set point.


Energy Saving39 DuCool Ltd. All rights reserved

Standard chilled water air condition system use condensation on the fan coils to remove moisture from the air. In order to enable efficient cooling and moisture removal the leaving water of chillers are set to 7°C and lower.

When the DuCool units are combined with a chiller system the humidity is absorbed by the DuCool units and the chiller’s leaving water temperature can be increased to 18° F.

An increase of 7.6°C of chiller’s leaving water temperature increases the chiller’s C.O.P with approximately 10%-15%


Protection

Thermodynamic

Advantage

Increase Chillers efficiency

50 ° F

42 ° F

=% EER = 16.3%

Chiller COP increase = 16.3 %

DuCool Value Proposition 40

Standard AC with DuCool

DT Unit

ChillerA DuCool system is added to an existing HVAC rooftop.The result is increased comfort and a 30-35% reduction in energy consumption.A conventional HVAC system will create conditions of 68-70 °F (20-21 °C) and 60-65% R.H. With DuCool the conditions will be 77 °F (25 °C) & 45% R.H. which are perfect conditions according to all industry standards.

Note: Reduction in energy costs assumes installation in weather conditions similar to Miami Florida.


Energy SavingDuCool Overview and Proposition Value 41

14° F to 95°F

131°F to 194° F

Humidity is absorbed by the desiccant solution. Cold Water at

relatively high temperature can be used for cooling

Relatively low Hot Water temperature can be used enabling

usage of various sources

Can make use of desiccant solution

as energy storage

Thermodynamic


Utilizing Low Grade Heat


Protection

Thermodynamic

Advantage

Dehumidification

43

Mechanical Dehumidification▪ Increased size of cooling coil to enlarge condensation surface ▪ Use of reheat (hot gas or hot water) to reach desired conditionsRequires more energy and costly

Solid Desiccant Technology▪ Requires high temperatures heat for regeneration (gas, electric). ▪ Supplied air is dry but hot and additional cooling energy is required

(desiccant converts latent load to sensible load).▪ Solid systems can suffer from desiccant attrition and the cost of replacing

the rotating wheel is approximately 60% of the total product.High initial costs, very high energy costs (regeneration + additional

cooling capacity)

Thermodynamic


Air Dehumidification Methods


Protection

Thermodynamic

Advantage


General Comparison

Less Energy with Higher Efficiency for Cooling & Dehumidification

Standard A/C system - (yellow line)

Cools the air to, and then along the

dew point line with ~100% relative

humidity. Then needs to heat the air

back to reach the comfort zone.

Desiccant Wheel –( White Line)

Removing humidity but at the same

time heating the air. Therefore

requires additional energy to cool

the air for reaching the comfort

zone.

DuCool System – (Blue lines)

Removes humidity and cool the air

at the same time, reaching the

comfort zone using considerably less

energy then the other systems.

45

t

●

12.5 Btu/lb

Latent load

9.3 Btu/lb

3.87 Btu/lb

Sensible load

DuCool

52°F ,

100% RH

Fresh Air 86°F , 60% RH

Design 71.6°F , 50% RH

A

BCD

69% of Cooling capacity ( Latent ) is powered mainly by waste heat , only 31% by AC system (3.87 btu/lb)

Thermodynamic


Combined Waste Heat Application


Protection

Thermodynamic

Advantage

46

●

215,000

Btu/Hr

420,000

Btu/Hr

51.8° F ,

100% RH

Fresh Air 86° F , 60% RH

Design 71.6° F , 50% RH

A

BC

LatentkBtu/Hr

SensibleKBtu/Hr

Total KBtu/Hr

ReheatKBtu/Hr electricity

Combined System

Advantix with Standard VC

DUCOOL 215 0 215 10 kW

AC 0 89 89 8.6 kW*

System capacity 304 18.6 kW

Standard AC 215 205 420 123 41 kW**

89,000

Btu/Hr

-80%

-55%

Thermodynamic


Example – Air Flow 5,886 cfm


Protection

Thermodynamic

Advantage

All rights reserved Rule of Thumb

47

Rule of thumb

ΔlbAbsolute

Humidity

DT800/6 DT1400/9 DT2400/9 DT3400/9

Δg > 20 -65% -65% -55% -45%

Δg > 15 -60% -60% -50% -42%

Δg > 10 -60% -60% -47% -40%

Δg > 5 -50% -50% -40% -35%

Δg < 2 consult engineering

ΔT

(°F)Absolute

Cooling

DT800/6 DT1400/9 DT2400/9 DT3400/9

Δg > 20 19.8 12.6 10.8 9

Δg > 15 21.6 14.4 12.6 10.8

Δg > 10 23.4 16.2 14.4 12.6

Δg > 5 25.2 18 16.2 14.4

Δg < 2 consult engineering

48

Liquid desiccant Vs. Solid Desiccant

Advantix SystemsLiquid desiccant

Solid desiccant

Energy Approx. 50% less energy required than the solid desiccant

High energy consumption for regeneration and post cooling

Maintenance No need to replace desiccant solution.Can be filtered and washed every few years in a simple procedure

• Desiccant wheel needs to be replaced every few years

• The wheel cost is about 60%-70% of the product cost

Performance Degradation No performance degradation In time the wheel is damaged and the performance is degraded until wheel has to be replaced.

Liquid Desiccant vs. Solid Desiccant



Advantix Systems units also make a significant contribution to LEED certification

17 21

19

12

EA IEQ ID

32

312

TotalWE

0

40

Range

Minimum

80

60

50

40

LEED

Certified

LEED

Platinum

LEED

Gold

LEED

Silver

Advantix’s potential contribution*

* Based on New Construction rating system

Does not take into account prerequisites that

Advantix can help developer meet

51


Technology Advantages

Produce Cool Dry Air by controlling both humidity and temperature

independently, while supplying high quality cool and dehumidified air in

quantities that can satisfy industrial, commercial and residential application.

Disinfect Air - A standard HVAC system recycles the indoor air.

No fresh air is provided o the cooled area. In the event that fresh air is

needed additional energy is required to overcome the increased heat load of

the fresh air. Moisture removal occurs at dew point conditions leaving the

cooling coil continuously wet which is a perfect bedding ground for the

growth of bacteria, mold and mildew.

the DuCool process kills up to 94% of viruses and bacteria in a single air pass

through the unit.

For multiple passes, common in most applications, higher percentages can

be achieved.


Technology Advantages

Filter Air Process removes 77% of particulates over 5 microns in size, removing

allergens such as pollen and dust from the air.

Deodorize Air odors such as chlorine and other chemicals are removed.

Reduced Capital Cost significantly lower in comparison to standard solutions for

industrial and commercial applications. DuCool’s systems integrated with other

renewable energy components qualify for Federal tax credits, State grants and

utility company rebates.

Improve Human Comfort achieve optimal temperature and humidity zone.

Surpass Indoor Air Quality Standards DuCool products successfully address IAQ

(Indoor Air Quality) by helping meet ASHRAE (62.2), ARI (940-98) and OSHA (29

CFR 1926.800(k) (2) standards and regulations regarding fresh air requirements.

Expandable and Scalable DuCool systems are modular and can be sized

according the specific needs of the customer.


Energy Consumption- General ComparisonOn the Y axis is total energy expressed in Tons of Refrigeration (TR).

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

160

Load

required

Conventional

AC SHR Outlet

Standard AC

system

Desiccant

wheel

DuCool

technologhy

Latent load Sensible load Latent converted to sensible

Documents

Advantix Final