1
References 1) Sedbrook, J.C., Phippen, W.B., and Marks, M.D. (2014) New approaches to facilitate rapid domesEcaEon of a wild plant to an oilseed crop: example pennycress (Thlaspi arvense L.). Plant Science 227: 122132. 2) Dorn, K.M., Fankhauser, J.D., Wyse, D.L., and Marks, M.D. (2015) A draQ genome of field pennycress (Thlaspi arvense) provides tools for the domesEcaEon of a new winter biofuel crop. DNA Research 22:121131. 3) Dorn, K.M., Fankhauser, J.D., Wyse, D.L., and Marks, M. D. (2013) De novo assembly of the pennycress (Thlaspi arvense) transcriptome provides tools for the development of a winter cover crop and biodiesel feedstock. Plant Journal 75: 1028–1038. Introduc3on Thlaspi arvense (field pennycress; pennycress herein) is being targeted as a new oilseed biofuels crop [1]. Pennycress can be grown in the interval between the corn/soybean rotaEon in the Midwestern United States, where it can be seeded into standing corn, allowed to overwinter and then harvested in the spring, allowing for a summer crop of short season soybeans. Thus, it has potenEal to provide a new source of biofuel without requiring new land or greatly changing current farming pracEces. AddiEonally, it provides a winter cover on land that is tradiEonally leQ barren, which will reduce nutrient leaching, soil erosion, and limit spring weed growth. Advancing Field Pennycress as a New Oilseed Biodiesel FeedstockFocus on New Mutants M. David Marks 1 , K. Dorn 1a , J. Sedbrook 2 , W. Phippen 3 , E. Johnson 1 , E. Daniels 1 , J. Anderson 4 , K. Altendorf 4 , Jason Thomas 1 , C. Carter 1 , and D. Wyse 4 Funding Arabidopsis and Pennycress Pennycress is considered a weed Seeds don’t evenly germinate – results in undesirable seed bank. Lodging can be an issue. Pods sha_er before harvest, resulEng in yield loss. Does not rouEnely mature at the appropriate Eme. Seeds are small (~1.2 mg) – results in loss during harvest. Oil quality is not opEmized. Progress to Date: 2013 M1 Seeds were mutagenized with EMS, Fast neutron, and gamma rays. 2014 1000 rows of pooled M2s (10 per pool) were sowed (from ~10,000 M1). This project is funded by the USDA NaEonal InsEtute of Food Agriculture InsEtute of Bioenergy, Climate and Environment, compeEEve grant no. 20146700922305. Both are members of the Brassicaceae Both are selfpollinators. Both show the same low level of whole genome duplicaEon. Gene funcEon in pennycress can be predicted by the ability to easily idenEfy candidate orthologs in pennycress to genes with known funcEon in Arabidopsis. Pennycress mutants that phenocopy Arabidopsis mutants are readily found in mutagenized pennycress populaEons. Genomic Resources Published transcriptome and draQ genome [2,3]. Examples of Arabidopsis mutants with agronomically desirable phenotypes that would resolve weediness in pennycress dog1 – reduced seed dormancy ga20ox1 – lodging resistant high yield semi dwarf sha?erproof 1 and 2 – reduce seed sha_er phyB – flowers and matures early dar1 – larger seeds fa?y acid elongase 1 – reducEon in FAs longer than 18 C Goals – Iden3fy pennycress mutants similar to those found in Arabidopsis with agronomically desirable phenotypes 2015 M3 seeds were collected from individual M2s with desirable phenotypes and sowed into small plots – shown: picture of field taken in March 2016 Individual M2 mutants with traits of interest planted into small plots 59 early flower 38 early maturing 27 semi dwarf green revoluEon type yield increase 8 enlarged stems – lodging resistance 4 enlarged stems, Ellerless and early flower 6 reduced pod sha_er 3 smaller pods – less shading during relay cropping with soybean 3 larger flowers and more nectar 10 larger seeds 9 yellow seeds – easier chemical processing; be_er seed meal; reduced dormancy 8 early germinaEon 4 waxy bright green altered wax composiEon may impart unexpected greater resistance to bioEc or abioEc stresses. Confirmed mutants in pennycress: ?g1, phyB, pi, lfy, ag, as1, flc Images of select mutants Wild type vs pennycress ?g1 seeds Wild Type E42 (No Pod Sha_er) High yield Semi dwarf Wild type vs sha_erless mutant Early flowering phyB mutant Wild type vs large seed mutant 1. Department of Plant Biology, University of Minnesota; a. current address: Department of Plant Pathology, Kanas State University 2. School of Biological Sciences, Illinois State University 3. School of Agriculture, Western Illinois University 4. Department of Agronomy and Plant GeneEcs, University of Minnesota Part of the UMN Forever Green IniEaEve: h_p://www.forevergreen.umn.edu/ and Undergraduate Researchers: Greta Rockstad, Liam Sullivan, Cole Folstad, and Abby McGovern

Advancing(Field(Pennycress(as(a(New(Oilseed(Biodiesel(FeedstockFocus(on(New(Mutants(forevergreen-umn.info/pennycress/Marks_Midwest_2016... · 2016. 3. 15. · References(1) Sedbrook,)J.C.,)Phippen,)W.B.,)and)Marks,)M.D.)(2014))New)approaches)to)facilitate)rapid)

  • Upload
    others

  • View
    2

  • Download
    0

Embed Size (px)

Citation preview

Page 1: Advancing(Field(Pennycress(as(a(New(Oilseed(Biodiesel(FeedstockFocus(on(New(Mutants(forevergreen-umn.info/pennycress/Marks_Midwest_2016... · 2016. 3. 15. · References(1) Sedbrook,)J.C.,)Phippen,)W.B.,)and)Marks,)M.D.)(2014))New)approaches)to)facilitate)rapid)

References  1)  Sedbrook,  J.C.,  Phippen,  W.B.,  and  Marks,  M.D.  (2014)  New  approaches  to  facilitate  rapid  domesEcaEon  of  a  wild  plant  to  an  oilseed  crop:  example  pennycress  (Thlaspi  arvense  L.).  Plant  Science  227:  122-­‐132.  2)  Dorn,  K.M.,  Fankhauser,  J.D.,  Wyse,  D.L.,  and  Marks,  M.D.  (2015)  A  draQ  genome  of  field  pennycress  (Thlaspi  arvense)  provides  tools  for  the  domesEcaEon  of  a  new  winter  biofuel  crop.  DNA  Research  22:121-­‐131.  3)  Dorn,  K.M.,  Fankhauser,  J.D.,  Wyse,  D.L.,  and  Marks,  M.  D.  (2013)  De  novo  assembly  of  the  pennycress  (Thlaspi  arvense)  transcriptome  provides  tools  for  the  development  of  a  winter  cover  crop  and  biodiesel  feedstock.  Plant  Journal  75:  1028–1038.  

 

Introduc3on  Thlaspi  arvense  (field  pennycress;  pennycress  herein)  is  being  targeted  as  a  new  oilseed  biofuels  crop  [1].  Pennycress  can  be  grown  in  the  interval  between  the  corn/soybean  rotaEon  in  the  Midwestern  United  States,  where  it  can  be  seeded  into  standing  corn,  allowed  to  overwinter  and  then  harvested  in  the  spring,  allowing  for  a  summer  crop  of  short-­‐season  soybeans.  Thus,  it  has  potenEal  to  provide  a  new  source  of  biofuel  without  requiring  new  land  or  greatly  changing  current  farming  pracEces.  AddiEonally,  it  provides  a  winter  cover  on  land  that  is  tradiEonally  leQ  barren,  which  will  reduce  nutrient  leaching,  soil  erosion,  and  limit  spring  weed  growth.      

                   Advancing  Field  Pennycress  as  a  New  Oilseed  Biodiesel  Feedstock-­‐Focus  on  New  Mutants    M.  David  Marks1,  K.  Dorn1a,  J.  Sedbrook2,  W.  Phippen3,  E.  Johnson1,  E.  Daniels1,  J.  Anderson4,  K.  Altendorf4,  Jason  Thomas1,  C.  Carter1,  and  D.  Wyse4    

     

Funding  

Arabidopsis  and  Pennycress  

Pennycress  is  considered  a  weed  •  Seeds  don’t  evenly  germinate  –  results  in  undesirable  seed  bank.  •  Lodging  can  be  an  issue.  •  Pods  sha_er  before  harvest,  resulEng  in  yield  loss.  •  Does  not  rouEnely  mature  at  the  appropriate  Eme.  •  Seeds  are  small  (~1.2  mg)  –  results  in  loss  during  harvest.  •  Oil  quality  is  not  opEmized.  

Progress  to  Date:  

2013  M1  Seeds  were  mutagenized  with  EMS,  Fast  neutron,  and  gamma  rays.    

2014  1000  rows  of  pooled  M2s  (10  per  pool)  were  sowed  (from  ~10,000  M1).    

This  project  is  funded  by  the  USDA  NaEonal  InsEtute  of  Food  Agriculture  -­‐  InsEtute  of  Bioenergy,  Climate  and  Environment,  compeEEve  grant  no.  2014-­‐67009-­‐22305.      

•  Both  are  members  of  the  Brassicaceae  •  Both  are  self-­‐pollinators.  •  Both  show  the  same  low  level  of  whole  genome  duplicaEon.  •  Gene  funcEon  in  pennycress  can  be  predicted  by  the  ability  to    

easily  idenEfy  candidate  orthologs  in  pennycress  to  genes  with  known  funcEon  in  Arabidopsis.  

•  Pennycress  mutants  that  phenocopy  Arabidopsis  mutants    are  readily  found  in  mutagenized  pennycress  populaEons.  

Genomic  Resources  •  Published  transcriptome  and  draQ  genome  [2,3].  

Examples  of  Arabidopsis  mutants  with  agronomically  desirable  phenotypes  that  would  resolve  weediness  in  pennycress  •  dog1  –  reduced  seed  dormancy  •  ga20ox1  –  lodging  resistant  high  yield  semi  dwarf  •  sha?erproof  1  and  2  –  reduce  seed  sha_er  •  phyB  –  flowers  and  matures  early  •  dar1  –  larger  seeds  •  fa?y  acid  elongase  1  –  reducEon  in  FAs  longer  than  18  C    Goals  –  Iden3fy  pennycress  mutants  similar  to  those  found  in  Arabidopsis  with  agronomically  desirable  phenotypes    

2015  M3  seeds  were  collected  from  individual  M2s  with  desirable  phenotypes    and  sowed  into  small  plots  –  shown:  picture  of  field  taken  in  March  2016  

Individual  M2  mutants  with  traits  of  interest  planted  into  small  plots  •  59  early  flower  •  38  early  maturing  •  27  semi  dwarf  -­‐    green  revoluEon  type  yield  increase  •  8  enlarged  stems  –  lodging  resistance  •  4  enlarged  stems,  Ellerless  and  early  flower  •  6  reduced  pod  sha_er    •  3  smaller  pods  –  less  shading  during  relay  cropping  with  soybean  •  3  larger  flowers  and  more  nectar  •  10  larger  seeds    •  9  yellow  seeds  –  easier  chemical  processing;  be_er  seed  meal;  reduced  

dormancy  •  8  early  germinaEon    •  4  waxy  bright  green    -­‐  altered  wax  composiEon  may  impart  unexpected    

greater  resistance  to  bioEc  or  abioEc  stresses.  •  Confirmed  mutants  in  pennycress:  ?g1,  phyB,  pi,  lfy,  ag,  as1,  flc  

Images  of  select  mutants  

Wild  type  vs  pennycress  ?g1  seeds  

Wild  Type   E42  (No  Pod  Sha_er)  

High  yield  Semi  dwarf  

Wild  type  vs  sha_erless  mutant  

Early  flowering  phyB  mutant  

Wild  type  vs  large  seed                                                          mutant                                        

1.  Department  of  Plant  Biology,  University  of  Minnesota;    a.    current  address:  Department  of  Plant  Pathology,  Kanas  State  University  2.  School  of  Biological  Sciences,  Illinois  State  University  3.  School  of  Agriculture,  Western  Illinois  University  4.  Department  of  Agronomy  and  Plant  GeneEcs,  University  of  Minnesota  

Part  of  the  UMN  Forever  Green  IniEaEve:  h_p://www.forevergreen.umn.edu/      and  Undergraduate  Researchers:  Greta  Rockstad,  Liam  Sullivan,  Cole  Folstad,  and  Abby  McGovern