Advancing the Dialogue.mhealth Alliance

7/30/2019 Advancing the Dialogue.mhealth Alliance

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AdvAncing the diAlogue

on Mobile FinAnce And

Mobile heAlth

country cAse studies

Lead Author, Menekse Gencer, mPay Connec

Co-Author, Jody Ranck

March 2012


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tAble oF contents

Acronyms and Abbreviations2

Introduction 3

Summary 4

Context 6

Use Cases or Mobile Financial Services in mHealth 7

Country Case Studies 9

Ghana: Reinventing the business model and value chain o lie insurance 10

Drivers in Ghana 11

Haiti: Driving eciencies in operations to decrease costs and achieve greater distribution 12

Drivers in Haiti 13

The Philippines: Leveraging mobile nancial services or a variety o mHealth initiatives,including supply chain settlement, conditional cash transers, and co-payments or hospitals

Drivers in the Philippines 15

Kenya: Enabling payments and alternative nancing o healthcare through mPesa 16

Drivers in Kenya 17

Key Challenges 19

Future Trends 19

A Look Ahead: Mobile Finance and Universal Health Coverage 21

Tables and Figures 22

Interviews 23

Appendix 24

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dvancingthedialogueonmobilefinanceandmobilehealth: countrycasestudies

conteXt

O the three billion people who live on less than the equivalent o $2 per day, one billion haveno access to the healthcare system. 2 These same people in the poorest economic strata live

without basic inrastructure including water, roads, electricity, education, and nancial ser-vices. Additionally, nearly our billion (those earning between $1.25 and $4 a day) in emergingmarkets lack access to risk protection through insurance that could be provided via public-private partnerships (PPPs). 3 Health insurance and payment mechanisms via mobiles is amajor unmet need that the intersection o mHealth and MFS, i done properly, could helpremedy in the next decade and help achieve new eciencies and savings or health caresystems.

Yet, in the midst o so little inrastructure, leaprog innovations to serve the poor abound.From remote mobile diagnostics to mobile clinics that travel to patients, mHealth initiativesare increasing access to health services. Mobile technology is enabling those o the gridto reap the benets o modern health services. However, despite such progress, healthcare

nancing mechanisms remains one o the biggest challenges to improving health outcomesor the poor. 4

Ecient healthcare nancing mechanisms play an important role in producing better healthoutcomes by: 1) Improving the quality o care and per ormance o health workers via eectivepayment mechanisms and incentive programs; 2) Providing a social saety net and access to

care that enables payment or services; 3) Improving eciencies in human resource systemsby streamlining management, procurement and payment systems that can eliminate waste;and 4) Improving the viability o business models in healthcare by creating more robust eco-systems o payors or services. In the coming years it will become more evident that mHealthand eHealth services and business models are critical variables in the eorts to provide uni-

versal health coverage, or UHC, and should be considered part o the underlying businessmodel or universal coverage.

MFS, the o the grid equivalent o banking, is a critical link to solving these issues or thepoor. MFS enables nancial services and payments accessible by mobile phone to an elec-tronic money account that can be oered by the customers MNO. In this paradigm, mobile

operators act as the banks or the poor. Instead o relying on ATMs and bank branches,customers deposit and withdraw cash rom their local mobile money agents. O the 630 mo-bile network operators in the world, approximately 124 mobile money implementations havetaken place and 92 more are underway. 5 These systems serve the 1.7 billion people wholack access to banks, but have mobile phones. 6 These are the people also being targetedor mHealth services in emerging markets.

2 Shah, A. (2011). Health Issues, http://www.globalissues.org/issue/587/health-issues3 Swiss Re (2010). Micro-insurance-Risk Protection or 4 Billion People. Sigma,

http:// media.swissre.com/documents/sigma6_2010_en.pd4 World Health Organization (2005). Strategy on Health Care Financing or Countries o the Western Pacic and South-East

Asia Regions (20062010)5 GSMA Mobile Money Tracker, http://www.wirelessintelligence.com/mobile-money

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use cAses For Mobile FinAnciAl

services in MheAlth

MFS can benet mHealth eorts along the entire continuum o care at the patient level, pro-vider level, and administrative level. At the patient level, MFS enables patients to utilize new

nancial instruments such as micro-savings, micro-insurance, and micro-credit to smooth outcash fow issues or to receive remote money transers rom amily members to pay or healthservices. These services also enable patients to pay or transportation and healthcare services

using mobile money accounts. At the provider level, mobile money payments enable astersettlement o remote payments along supply chains or health products and services, as wellas to settle vouchers or providers o health services. On the administrative level, mobile moneyenables payments to unbanked health workers, per diem payments, and expense reimburse-ments that are oten paid in cash. It also enables electronic disbursements o perormance-

based unding and conditional cash transer programs, such as those being used throughoutthe world to encourage acility-based deliveries or pregnant women, as seen in Figure 2.

Example: Using MFS or Maternal Continuum o Care

Figure 2: Using mobile nancial services or maternal continuum o care

6 CGAP, GSMA, and McKinsey analysis using data rom Demirg-Kunt, Beck, and Honohan (2009). To arrive at these

conclusions, we conducted a orecasting exercise based on relatively conservative assumptions. We assumed that or each

country, only one mobile money service would win greater than 10% uptake by users. Further, we assumed relatively modest

usage by consumers and stable prices. The number o mobile money implementations is based on a comprehensive survey

o MNOs and vendor. CGAP Brie: Window on the Unbanked: Mobile Money in the Philippines.

http://www.cgap.org/gm/document-1.9.41163/BR_Mobile_Money_Philippines.pd


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ability o both poor households and micronancial institutions.7, 8 These lessons will need tobe learned in the health sector given the relative immaturity o mHealth policy rameworkswhich will need to be extended to include rameworks or managing MFS systems in a man-ner that both protects citizens and enables innovation to take place. In health there are alsoears that controversies regarding micro-nancial institutions may result in decreased trust in

micro-insurance providers because in some countries micro-insurance is a new concept andpeople oten do not grasp the act that they may pay premiums and not receive a benet untilsomething untoward happens. These ears could possibly depress demand in some mar-kets. One o the risks o electronic systems is that bad things can happen aster i adequatesecurity, privacy and overall regulatory rameworks are not in place, so caution is an essentialcomponent to advancing the use o these systems.

cAse studies

Within the past year, mHealth has taken great strides orward in leveraging the benets thatMFS oer. While there are numerous examples that could be highlighted, this paper will ocus

on a ew key initiatives taking place in Ghana, Haiti, the Philippines, and Kenya. The diagrambelow illustrates examples o these case studies and a ew others within the maternal con-tinuum o care.

Example: Using MFS or Maternal Continuum o Care

Figure 4: Using mobile nancial services or maternal continuum o care with examples o deployments

7 Banderjee, A. (2011). Assessing the Current Crisis in Micronance and Avoiding the Next. World Bank blog,

https://blogs.worldbank.org/les/allaboutnance/Micronance.pd8

Arun, Thankom (2005). Regulating or Development: The Case o Micronance. The Quarterly Review o Economics andFinance, Vol. 45, Issues 2-3, p. 346-357


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For Ghana, the (1) critical need around the cost o uneral services, (2) lack o public insuranceor lie insurance, and (3) consumer demand or insurance spurred by pro-health governmenteducation around these services drove mobile network operators and insurance companiesto seek to develop innovative business models to bring micro-lie insurance to the poor. E-orts like this, in most other contexts, will likely require substantial marketing and awareness

campaigns around the benets o insurance. In many markets the demand or insuranceproducts is low because most users will notice the premium payments or insurance prod-ucts, but may not see a benet on an annual basis. In some contexts this can result in lowre-enrollment rates. Nevertheless, public-private partnerships or micro-insurance have greatpotential to mitigate catastrophic risks or low-income households. In countries where there is

no government-run health insurance plan, health insurance may have more immediate eectswhere the benets are more proximal or users in terms o access to care and lower out-o-pocket expenses or routine and emergency care.

Haiti: Driving efciencies in operations to decrease costs andachieve greater distribution

In addition to utilizing the electronic money itsel, mHealth can benet by leveraging commonbusiness operations shared with MFS programs. Using the same resources, operations, andnetworks to reach the same customer reduces the cost o serving the poor considerably. Forexample, the same healthcare workers that serve the poor can act as agents to register them

or mobile money accounts. Similarly, mobile money agents can sell and distribute healthproducts to the poor.

Leveraging business operations o two industrieswho serve the same customer base

Figure 7: Leveraging business operations o two industries who serve the same customer base

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With the push toward universal coverage in the coming years, it can be expected that themHealth and MFS intersection will increasingly need to be thought about as an essentialbuilding block o the business model or universal coverage. As this domain begins to ex-

pand and the evidence base or successul ventures grows in a manner that can demon-strate substantial eciencies and cost-savings to the system, health planners will need tohave a much stronger understanding o the nancial systems in place to leverage this op-portunity in an optimal manner. The cases o Kenya and the Philippines that ollow urtherillustrate this point.

Haiti: Private sector + Grants + Urgent healthcare needs drive MNOs

to fnd efciencies or sustainable model

Figure 8: Haiti: Private sector, grants, urgent healthcare needs drive MNOs to nd

eciencies or sustainable model

The Philippines: Leveraging MFS or a variety o mHealth initiatives,

including supply chain settlement, conditional cash transers, and

co-payments or hospitals

The Philippines oers an important window into the potential opportunities at the intersec-

tion between MFS and mHealth due to the existence o a mature mobile money eco-system,universal coverage, and a Ministry o Health that has embraced mHealth as part o theoverall eort to strengthen health systems. In the Philippines, mobile money is being usedin a variety o ways or mHealth including membership dues and payment or stock ordersin reproductive healthcare services using Smart Padala, conditional cash transers utilizing

GCash, and enabling co-payments or hospital services utilizing SmartMoney. 12, 13

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In the case o business-to-business payments, Population Services Philipinas Inc. (PSPI), parto Marie Stopes International, uses mobile money within its BlueStar social ranchise program.Members o the social ranchise, who are private midwives providing services under the Blue-

Star brand, make payments to PSPI or stock orders that they have received, such as contra-ceptive supplies, and or membership dues which they pay weekly and annually.

In the case o voucher settlement or maternal and reproductive health, Marie Stopes, Inter-national launched a mobile-enabled voucher system with mobile money settlement or theproviders to decrease settlement time or provider payment rom weeks and months to days

in Madagascar. Improving the eciencies in health provider payment delivery time may alsoprove to be a driver or improving quality o care in some cases. In addition, by using elec-tronic systems, the new voucher/mobile money program would reduce cash managementand disbursement costs that represent a substantial portion o the overhead cost o theoverall program. Finally, by decreasing speed o payment, the system intended to increase

worker loyalty and reduce churn o the providers.

O the 282 members, 100 use this MFS option or such payments. The Smart Padala mobilemoney system enables members to go to a ministore and use a stores account to transer

money to PSPIs account or a cost o 10 pesos per 500 pesos transerred. The membersthat use the MFS are generally those in the Mindanao region who do not live near bankbranches o the two banks rom which PSPI accepts payments. Thus, MFS enables PSPI toexpand its reach and/or coverage o the social ranchise network into areas where bankingservices are not easily available and to receive regular payments rom these members.

Drivers in the Philippines

The Philippines is the country in which the rst signicant adoption o MFS systems begannearly one decade ago. Spurred by a strong mobile texting culture, a signicantly high un-

banked population, and a need to enable remote payments in a country that spans over7,000 islands, 9.5 million Filipinos now use one o two mobile money systems, SmartMoneyand GCash, each oered by the two mobile operators Smart Telecom and Globe Telecomssubsidiary GXI.

In addition to the strong MFS inrastructure set up by the private sector MNOs, mHealth

programs have received signicant support by the Government o the Philippines. With astrong ocus on reaching the MDGs, the government has, or example, instituted the FOUR-mula One or Health (see Figure 1) to reduce maternal and neonatal mortality by leveragingenhanced management inrastructure and nancial services.

12Agabin, M.H. (5 May 2011). Conditional Cash Transer, Rural Banks, and Mobile Money Transer: Observations and Refec-

tions. Department o Social Welare and Developments (DSWD) Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino Program (4Ps) launched a

5-year program o the Philippine Government to provide conditional cash grants or the poorest amilies in identied munici-

palities as nancial aid or the amilys health and or childrens education. Microenterprise Access to Banking Services,

http://www.rbapmabs.org/blog/2011/05/conditional-cash-transer-rural-banks-and-mobile-money-transer-observations-and-refections/13 Reyes, A. L. (19 January 2011). Smart, Globe see surge in mobile money payments. The Philippine Star. Smarts aliate

company includes the largest hospital chain in the Philippines (which includes Makati Medical Center). It is expected that

mobile payments will be a key enabler and enhancer o business or Smarts aliate companies.

http://www.philstar.com/Article.aspx?articleId=649312


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The need to reduce maternal and neonatal mortality rates, the governments pro-healthpolicies and support o the MDGs, and the signicant and mature MFS inrastructure in thePhilippines are characteristics that have made the Philippines particularly attractive or lever-aging mobile nance or mHealth programs.

Philippines: Pervasive use o mobile fnance or health spurred bymobile money adoption and pro-health government policies

Figure 9: the Philippines: Pervasive use o Mobile Finance or Health spurred by Mobile MoneyAdoption and Pro-health Government Policies

Kenya: Enabling payments and alternative fnancing o healthcarethrough mPesa

Through mPesa, a mobile-phone based money transer service or Saaricom, Kenya pro-vides an additional view into the potential o programs that combine mHealth with MFS.Given the success o mPesa and strong governmental support or uture universal health

coverage, as well as a large number o mHealth programs, Kenya, like the Philippines, seesMFS are being used in a number o capacities or mHealth including:

At the patient level, patients are using mPesa to pay their medical bills, medical services

at dispensaries and hospitals, and travel to medical acilities. They also use mPesa orpayment micro-insurance premiums and to deposit into micro-savings through providerssuch as Changamka 14

At the provider level, the Saaricom Doctors Network is taking mPesa payments or re-mote medical diagnostics provided to patients 15

14 Interview with Paul Mugami, Saaricom15 Jidenma, N. (8 May 2011). Kenyas telecoms giants roll out e-health services. The Next Web blog, http://thenextweb.com/

arica/2011/05/08/kenyas-telecoms-giants-roll-out-e-health-services/

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At the administrative level, mPesa is being used or government disbursement o undsto the counties and remote dispensaries; or payment o casual sta in remote hospi-tals; and or conditional cash transers to mothers to motivate them to have their inantsinoculated and or other health services 14

Changamka was one o the rst organizations to develop the mHealth and MFS connection

via their micro-savings program or maternal health. Working on the assumption that it is nota lack o income that inhibits access to care, but rather lack o mechanisms or generatingsavings, Changamkas initial service was a Smart Card based micro-savings initiative tar-geting maternal health. Clients could add unds in small increments to the card via a GPRSterminal or mobile phone. The initial card was pre-loaded with KSh 500 which could cover

an initial examination, lab test and treatment or one condition. A basic insurance plan wasoered or approximately $50 that covered antenatal care, delivery and postnatal care. The$50 insurance package is considered airly expensive by Kenyan standards, so the underly-ing business model was dependent on corporate sponsors in order to be acceptable to agreater number o women and couples.

While nearly 10,000 clients were using Changamka by June 2011, there were numerous

challenges or scalability and sustainability o the business model due to the costs o SmartCards, costs o GPRS terminals and lack o venture capital. 16 A new mobile-based businessmodel that connects to the government-sponsored health insurance plan is currently beingdeveloped that could address some o the shortcomings o the initial business model. Thenew model would deploy m-vouchers coupled with health education messages via SMS.

The m-voucher would cover costs o delivering a baby in a health care acility and a pre-payment vehicle that acilitates cost-sharing o about 10 percent o delivery costs. The moverom a paper voucher to the m-voucher can reduce administrative costs o the voucherprogram by approximately 15 to 27 percent.

In addition to the nancial benet, there is a health education component that involves out-

reach to community health workers on the availability o m-vouchers (to create demand),a dial-a-doctor aspect o the Changamka platorm that enables appointment reminders,savings and health tips, and pregnancy related inormation to be sent to the expectantmother. A peer-to-peer component is also being developed that enables women to share

inormation on childbirth and pregnancy with one another in a manner that can promotegreater transparency around health acility status, health worker availability and generalquality o care. Changamka also utilizes radio campaigns to raise awareness o the programand its benets. 17

Drivers in Kenya

Kenya launched the most adopted and ubiquitous domestic mobile money system in theworld. From launch in 2007 until 3.5 years later, mPesa adoption had grown to 15 millionusers, representing 80 percent o the adult population. 18 Despite this new and signicant

16 Changamka Microhealth Limited. Center or Health Market Innovations,

http://healthmarketinnovations.org/program/changamka-microhealth-limited17 Interview with Samuel Agutu, Changamka (last three paragraphs)18 Johnson, C., & Jaisinghani, P. (17 January 2012). Can Mobile Money Transorm a Country? USAID Impact blog,

http://blog.usaid.gov/2012/01/can-mobile-money-transorm-a-country/


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nancial access and the governments commitment toward uture Universal Healthcare Cov-erage (UHC) coverage, over 11 million Kenyans working in the inormal sector today are withoutinsurance and lack adequate unds to pay or healthcare access. In act, 56 percent o expect-

ant mothers give birth at home oten times due to lack o unds to pay or healthcare. 19 As a

result, maternal and neonatal mortality rates are high.

Because the vast majority o Kenyans actively use the mPesa system, and many are cur-rently without insurance, there is a critical need to leverage mPesa to support alternative -nancing mechanisms such as micro-savings, micro-insurance, and micro-credit to increase

healthcare access which has spurred current initiatives in mHealth and MFS.

Looking ahead, the innovative private sector MFS initiatives in healthcare may oer importantcase studies rom which the government can draw insight. Leveraging the ubiquity o mPesaand combining it with the governments uture intentions toward universal health coverage,

Kenya could provide a very interesting example regarding how MFS and the underlyingbusiness model or universal coverage may evolve in the coming years. The Kenyan govern-ments plan to extend health insurance (National Hospital Insurance Fund) to the inormalsector will likely include some orm o pre-payment scheme where MFS schemes could play

a signicant role. 20

Like in the Philippines, where the government has taken an active policy to drive health pro-

grams that support MDGs using MFS or conditional cash transers and voucher settlementor reproductive and maternal healthcare, in Kenya there was already strong mobile moneypenetration in the market. Maternal and neonatal mortality rates have been high due to theinaccessibility o healthcare in general in Kenya, which can be mediated, in part, throughinsurance. 21 In addition, the majority o Kenyans actively use the mPesa system, Saaricomhas worked with health providers to develop alternative nancing mechanisms or the poor

who are currently let out o public insurance.

Kenya: Strong mobile money adoption and private sector, maternal

mortality rates, and lagging government policies

Figure 10: Kenya: Strong mobile money adoption and private sector, maternal

mortality rates, and lagging government policies8


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key chAllenges

These case studies and other initiatives to leverage MFS or mHealth and other health initia-tives are not without their challenges. As pioneers in the industry, those implementing cross-

sector initiatives have encountered a number o challenges which include: Exclusivity o partnerships with mobile money providers leads to constraints in mar-

ket coverage;

Diculties around scaling services that require signicant amounts o detailed cus-

tomer inormation;

Risks associated with trying to implement cross-sector initiatives in markets with lowmobile money adoption;

Diculties in implementing ID management systems in markets where phones are

shared among amily members;

Prohibitive setup costs or implementation due to a lack o open APIs by the mobilemoney providers; and

Prohibitive setup costs due to the need to integrate with multiple mobile money pro-viders in markets where the services are ragmented.

Future trends

As is the case with most innovative industries, many o the challenges aced today will

diminish over time. Specically, a number o notable trends will continue in the next ewyears which will decrease the hurdles and increase the rate o implementations o MFS ormHealth and other parts o the health sector. These include: (1) increase in the global adop-tion rates o MFS; and (2) reduction o the costs and complexities around integrating MFSwith mHealth and broader health systems with standards dened.

19Anyangu-Amu, S. (15 August 2010). Kenya: Medical Smart Card Extended to Maternal Care. Inter Press Service,

http://www.ipsnews.net/2010/08/kenya-medical-smart-card-extended-to-maternal-care/20 Mathauer, I., Schmidt, J-O. & Wenyaa, M. (2008). Extending social health insurance to the inormal sector in Kenya: An

assessment o actors aecting demand. International Journal Health Planning and Management; 23: 51-68

doi: 10.1002/hpm.914 pmid: 18050152


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Future Trends in Mobile Financial Services

Figure 11: Future trends in mobile nancial services

With respect to costs, there are several trends that will positively impact the market including:

1. Open Application Programming Interaces (APIs) by the mobile network operators oraster integration by mHealth providers;

2. Interoperability hubs or mHealth service providers seeking a one stop shop or integra-tion with all mobile money systems in a given domestic market;

3. Global service providers that provide cross-border disbursement o unds;

4. Business pricing or MFS to better t supply chain requirements; and

5. Streamlined operations and standards or easy plug-and-play around identity manage-

ment, registration, and distribution o health and MFS.

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21 Gerelle, E. & Berende, M. (2008). Technology or Microinsurance Scoping Study. Microinsurance. Paper No. 2, Microinsur-

ance Innovation Facility, International Labor Organization22 Interview with David Lubinski, PATH

A look AheAd: Mobile FinAnce

And universAl heAlth coverAge

The nal area to address is the market or micro-insurance and the movement toward UHC

that is accelerating in the global health arena in the next several years. Approaches to healthnancing or UHC have typically included micro-insurance, community health unds, mu-tual health organizations, and other types o insurance products that enable inormal sectorworkers to insure against catastrophic risks. Some o these programs have been linked toexisting micro-nancial institutions that recognized the need to move beyond micro-credit-only solutions.

One o the challenges to micro-insurance schemes has been the small risk pools and over-exposure to catastrophic risks. Re-insurance can help to address this problem, but betteruse o technologies, such as mobiles and new partnerships to drive better data collectionthat can be utilized or the under-writing o insurance products could help the eld address

some o the critical bottlenecks at the moment. Most micro-insurance transactions are stillconducted via paper rather than electronic or digital ormats. 21 In some cases smart cards

are being utilized, but they can contribute signicantly to the costs o insurance operationscompared to better integrated mobile solutions.

Perhaps the biggest constraint or community nancing and micro-insurance programs isthe lack o quality data rom the healthcare and nancial systems or the re-insurance or un-derwriting o insurance products. New partnerships between the two sectors that can both

improve overall inormation systems and contribute to the business requirements gatheringo enterprise architecture could play a role in opening up new business models, but there arecurrently ew eorts moving in this direction, at least in the backend technology developmentarena.

The condence in the inormation systems, even in the more technologically sophisticatedmarkets such as India, Thailand, the Philippines, and Malaysia is a major barrier to the in-tegration o mHealth and MFS tools or micro-insurance. 22 This speaks to the current stateo mHealth interventions, in general, where the bulk o the emphasis has been on ront-endapplications to the relative neglect o the back-end enterprise architecture inrastructure. Theresult is that the data fows rom both sectors are not being leveraged to the extent requiredto truly take advantage o the technology innovation that is currently available. It may serve

the community o health practitioners involved with universal health coverage to begin to playa catalytic role in bringing together the MFS and eHealth sectors as well as NGOs, govern-ments, and insurers around the current state o data systems in order to create collaborativeroadmaps or uture innovation on this ront.


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4

APPendiX

Table 1: comparing Four Mobile Financial Services Markets

Mobile Money Comparisons o Kenya, Ghana, The Philippines, and Haiti

Source: GSMA Mobile Money Tracker

Global Summary:

630 MNOs

119 live deployments o mobile money

96 planned deployments o mobile money

Region Country Mobile Bank MNOs Year Number Mobile

Penetration Penetration deployed Deployed of Users Money Services

Arica Ghana 66.82 16 Tigo (Millicom) 2010

MTN 2009 Airtime Top Up

Bill Payment

M-Insurance

Airtel 2010 Airtime Top Up(Bharti Airtel)

Bank Transer

Bill Payment

Domestic Money

TranserMerchant Payment

Txtnpay 2009 Airtime Top Up

Bill Payment

Domestic MoneyTranser

Arica Kenya 56.39 10 Airtel (Bharti Airtel) 2009 Airtime Top Up

Bank Transer

Bill Payment

Corporate CashCollection


International MoneyTranser

Loan Repayment

Manage Bank Account

Merchant Payment

Saaricom 2007 15,000,000 Airtime Top Up


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Bill Payment


G2P


Linked MFI, SACCO,Bank Account

Merchant Payment

MFI Loan Repayment

M-Insurance

Salary Disbursement

Yu Airtime Top Up(Essar Telecom)


Orange 2010 Airtime Top Up

(Telkom Kenya)

Bank AccountManagement

Bank Transer

Bill Payment


Loan Repayment

Manage Bank Account

Merchant Payment

Salary Disbursement

Tangaza 2010 Airtime Top Up

Americas Haiti 10.79 15 Voila (Comcel) 2011

Digical 2010


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6



Asia Philippines 66.51 26 Globe Telecom 2004 1,000,000 Airtime Top Up

Pacic

Domestic Money

Transer


Merchant Payment

MFI Loan Repayment

M-Insurance

Salary Disbursement

Text-a-Deposit

Text-a-Withdrawal

Smart (PLDT) 2003 8,500,000 Airtime Top Up

Bill Payment



Linked MFI, SACCO,Bank Account

Loan Repayment

Merchant Payment

MFI Loan Disbursement

MFI Loan Repayment


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The mHealth Alliance champions the use o mobile technologies to improve

health throughout the world. Working with diverse partners to integrate mHealth

into multiple sectors, the Alliance serves as a convener or the mHealth com-

munity to overcome common challenges by sharing tools, knowledge, experi-

ence, and lessons learned. The mHealth Alliance advocates or more and betterquality research and evaluation to advance the evidence base; seeks to build

capacity among health and industry decision-makers, managers, and practi-

tioners; promotes sustainable business models; and supports systems integra-

tion by advocating or standardization and interoperability o mHealth platorms.

The mHealth Alliance also hosts HUB (www.healthunbound.org), a global online

community or resource sharing and collaborative solution generation.

Hosted by the United Nations Foundation, and ounded by the Rockeeller Foundation, Vodaone Foundation,

and UN Foundation, the Alliance now also includes HP, the GSM Association, and Norad among its ounding

partners. For more inormation, visit www.mhealthalliance.org.

Become a member o a coalition o like-minded organizations with an interest in improving

health outcomes through mobile technologies. Apply or mHealth Alliance membership at

www.mhealthalliance.org/membership.

1800 Massachusetts Avenue, NW,

Suite 400

Washington, D.C. 20036

202.887.9040 (phone)

202.887.9021 (ax)

[email protected]

Our thanks goes to lead author, Menekse Gencer, o mPay Connect. You can learn more

about mPay Connect at http://mpayconnect.com.

Documents

Advancing the Dialogue.mhealth Alliance