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Addison’s diseme, 344, 345, 347 Adrenal cortical hormones, 326-352
activity tests, 326, 327, 338-343. 345-347 amorphous fraction, 327, 328, 331, 339 and carbohydrate metabolism, 344 concentrates, 327-329 of cortin activity, 329, 330 isolation, 329-331 nomenclature, 326, 327 physiologically inactive, 331 related steroids, 347-352 of sex hormone activity, 330 and sodium retention, 345-347 steroid constituents, isolation, 329-331 structure, 331-336 synthesis, partial, 336-338
Adrenalectomy. See Adrenal cortical hor- nwnea, activity teat
Adrenosterone, 329,330,333 Aerobic bacteria in cellulose decomposition,
Aerobic organisms and oxygen concentration, 245, 249-256, 260-262
222 and substrate concentration, 222
Aminopeptidaaes, 76-81 classification, 51, 54 intestinal, 54, 76-79 leucylpeptidase, 79, 80 yeast polypeptidase, 80
Anaerobic bacteria in cellulose decomposi-
Antihemorrhagic vitamin, 286,287. See also
AspeTgillua, as aerobic enzyme, 18.5187
tion, 249-251, 255-256, 260-262
Vitamin K
alcoholic fermentation and Pasteur effect,
anabolic resDiration. 206-212 212-216
carbon monoxide poisoning of growth, 216-
C Q value and oxidation, reduction, 188-
and dehydrases, 223-235 economical coefficient, 196-200,208 elementary composition of aspergillus
heat balance of growth, 201, 202, 205 and hydrocyanic acid, 218, 220, 221 hyperquotient, 190-199 hyphae, 185-187, 217-219
218, 220-222
200
orytae, 190
hypoquotient, 190-199 maintenance respiration, 206-212 metabolism, 188-200 methylene blue reaction, 224-226, 229 respiration and metabolism, 201 respiratory quotient. 188-195 role of aspergillus oryzae in brewing, 212 Rubner coefficient, 198, 199 “spaneatmung,” 210-212 system of iron catalysator, 216-223
facultative, 143 Autotrophism, 138-144
B Bacteria in COz fixation, 144-169
and vitamin K, 297, 317, 318 Bacterial virus. See also Hoat-virus relation,
6-17, 17-21 distribution in nature, 4, 5 general properties, 2-4 “life-cycle’’ in sensitive host, 6-17 “lysines,” 22-24 methods of assay, 6, 15-17 mutations, 21-22 size, homogeneity, 24-27 size of particle, 27 and x-ray, 24-27
Bacteriophages. See also Bacterial virus,
Bile acide and absorption of vitamin K, 309 Bile-free diet and K-avitaminoses, 290 Bile salts, solubilizing effect on fatty acids,
general properties, 2-4
270, 274
Cadaverin. 93, 95, 96, 98, 102-108 Carbohydrate catabolism. See Fat and
Carbohydrate metabolism and adrenal cor-
Carbon dioxide, heterotrophic assimilation.
carbohydrate oalabolism
tical hormones, 344
135-179 photosynthetic utilization, 138-139
Carbon dioxide fixation by animal tissue, Ca and CI addition, 170-176
in glycogen, 176-179 involving C-C linkage, 170-179 in lactates, 175-178 mechanism, 169-179
SUBJECT INDEX
369
C
Advances in Enzymology and Related Areas of Molecular Biology, Volume 2 Edited by F. F. Nord, C. H. Werkman
Copyright © 1942 by Interscience Publishers, Inc.
370 MJBJECT INDEX
not involving C-C linkage, 169-170 in pyruvates, 171-174, 178 in succinates, 174-176, 178
by Ca and C1 addition, 146-169 and cocarboxylase, 168-160 involving C-C linkage, 146-169 in lactates, 166-168 mechanism, 144-169 not involving C C linkage, 144-146 and propionic acid, 160-166 and pyruvic acid, 164-168 and succinic acid, 146-163
Carbon dioxide fixation by bacteria, in ace- tates, 166-168
Carbon isotopes as traoers for fixation of COa, 137, 146-148, 162-164, 180-164, 166, 168,170, 172, 176
Carbon monoxide, influence on growth and respiration of aa,psrgillus, 216-218, 220- 222
Carbonyl comppunds aa inhibitors for di-
Cataboliem. See Fat and carbohydrate Eatobo-
Cellulose. See also Celluloee dmpoaition
and Pasteur effect, 216
amin-oxydaae, 100
l h , Depot fats
as cell-wall constituent, 242,243 chain, diagram, 241 chemistry of, 240-243 decomposing organisms, 246, 261-262 micellae, 242, 243
Cellulose bacteria, classification, 266-269 Cellulose decomposition, 244-260
throuah actinomvceten. 260 throui aerobic- bacteria, 245, 249-266,
260-262 _.. ~.~
through anaerobic bacteria, 249-261, 265-
biochemistry of, 244-261 cultural methods, 262, 263 through fungi, 261,269-262 optimal temperature and pH, 246,250 and oxycelluloses, 247, 248
266,260-262
Chemosyntheeie in assimilation of COa, 138,
Classification of organisms on baais of nutri-
Coagulation anomaly and vitamin K, 237 Cortex hormones. See Adrenal cortical hor-
Cortin active adrenal hormones, amor-
139, 143
tional requirements, 143
mM1.88
phous fraction, 327-346 corticmterone, 327-347 dehydrocorticosterone, 329-344 desoxycorticosterone, 330-349 17-hydroxycorticosterone, 320-347 17-hydroxydehydrocortiwsterone, 330-844 17-hydroxydesoxycorticosterone, 330-340
Cortin. nomenclature, 326
Cytochrome oxidase, 116-119 and aapergillue, 219 and tea oxidase, 119
D
Dehydraae, and asperOiUue oryzas, 223-236 diamin-oxidaae, 94 and nitrate reductase, 229 requiring oo-ferments, 226
Depot fats, transport aa phospholipids and colic acid-choleeterol complexes, 271-276
catabolism, 271-283 Diamin-oxydaae, 93-112
and activators, 102, 103 aflinity to substrates, 98,QQ definition, 93, 94 determination, 94, 96 enzymatic disintegration, 103-106 extraction, 95. 96 and hormones, 107 and inhibitors, 99-102 occurrence in nature, 106-107 physiological value, 107-109 specificity, 96-98 therapeutical use, 109-110
Dipeptidases, 81-83 classification, 61 intestinal, 82, 83 in yeast, 81, 82
E Endopeptidaae, classification. 66, 66 Enzymes. See also Proteolytdc enaynss, and
Hydrolytic en+ynea aapsrfl$ aa aerobic enzymes, 186-187 in tea-fermentation, 116-120 thrombin and blood coagulation, 287
Exo-anzymes, cellulw decompoeing, 244-
Exopeptidase, classification, 64, 66 249
F Fat and carbohydrate catabolism, funda-
mental faats, 266-271 general diecussion, 281-283 hypothesis of their reciprocal integration,
mobdisation of depot fata, 271-283 286-283
Formic acid through reduction of COa by
I3
bacteria, 144
Heterotrophism. 138-144 facultative. 142. 143
Histamin, 9$99,103, 104, 107-109 activity. See Adrenal cmtiod hormmm Histaminase, 93,94,96,97, 101
SUBJECT INDEX 371 Hormones and diamin-oxydaae, 107 Host-virus relation, 6-21.
adsorption, capacity, 8 adsorption, irreversibility, 8 adsorption, rates, 6-7 adsorption, residual fraction, 7 growth of virus alone, 27 lysis of cell, 8-9 methods of assay, 6, 15-17 and aerological specificity, 17-21 virus liberation, 11-15
Hydrolytic enzymes, 33-48 activity measurement at varying subst.rate
control of action, 41-43 decomposition and monomolecular curve,
kinetics, 33-48 reaction velocity, 36, 37 two-phase reaction, mechanism and formu-
See also B&id viruses
concentration, 36, 43-47
33-36,45
lation. 37-40
I
Int,estinal mucosa, 84, 85
K Ketosis, 269 Koji acid, 183, 224
L Liver and action of vitamin K, 307,308 "Lysines," 22-24 Lysis of cell through bacterial virus, 8-9,
22-24
M Metabolism of asper&lm, 188-201 Methane fermentation, 146 Methylene blue reaction of aspergillus cul-
ture, 226226,229
N Nutritional requirements as basis for classi-
fication of organisms, 143
0
Oxidase in tea-fermentation, 114, 115, 120,
a- and poxidation of fatty acids, 275-279 Oxidation quotient of asper&Zus from res-
piration and aerobic fermentation and carbon monoxide, 216-216
126
Oxyhydrase, 94
P Pancreas enzymes, 54,85 Pasteur effect with aspergillus, 215, 218 Pepsin. classification, 51-61 Peptidase systems, 84-88
in animals. 85, 86 of bacteria, 87, 88 of fungi, 86,87 of intestinal mucosa, 84, 85 of pancreas enaymes, 54, 85 in plant.s, 86
enzymatic properties, 69-92 homogeneity, 71-72 specificity, antipodal, 83, 84
Peptidases, classification, 51
Peroxidme in tea-fermentation, 115, 119.
Phospholipids. See Depot fats, transport Photosynthesis in heterotrophic assimilation
Polarography in determination of vitamin KI,
Polypeptidases, 72-81
120
of COa, 138-140, 143
305
aminopeptidaaes, 76-81 carboxypolypeptidases, 72-76 clarssification. See also Proteolytic enzynes,
Potassium cyanide as inhibitor for diamin-
Progesterone, 331, 336, 347, 349 Propionic acid, bacterium, 135-137, 144, 147,
61
oxydase, 101
151 location of fixed carbon, 160-161 mechanism of CO? fixation, 161-166
classification. See also Proteolytic enzymes, Proteinases, 69, 70
51, 63 Proteolytic enzymes, 49-67
activation, 61-64 classification, 49-67 coupled reactions, 64-67 heterospecificity, 52-6 1 homospecificity, 52-61
determination, 293, 310-311 level and liver, 308, 314, 315 in newborn, 312-314 and vitamin K, 287, 288,307-309
Prothrombin. See also Vitamin K
Putrescin and diamin-oxidase, 93, 95, 96, 98. 99. 103-107
Pyruvih acid in COZ fixation, 154-158, 162- 167, 170. 174
R Recapture synthesis, disposing of oxidation
products of fatty acids, 274, 275, 279- 28 1
Respiratory quotient of aspergilli, 188-195 Rubner coefficient, 198-199
372 SUBJECT INDEX
T
Tannins, in tea. See also Tea-fermentation, 121-126
condensation, 124, 126 constitution, 121 oxidation, 121, 122, 128-131 polymerization, 122, 123 tannin titer, 122
Teefermentation, 113-133 chemical changes during, 120-126 mechanism, 126-132 optimum p H range, 117 oxidming ernymes, properties and nature,
and respiration, 126-132 Tea leaves, components. See also Tea-
carbohydrates, 126 ether soluble matter, 126, 126 of fresh leaves, 120 nitrogenous compounds, 126 tannins, 121-126
116-120
fermentation
Tracer technique and Cog fixation, 137, 146- 148, 162-164, 160-164, 166, 168, 170, 172, 176
Trypsin, classification, 61-61
U
Ultraviolet absorption IG, 304,305
of vitamins K1 and
V Vitamin Bt as inhibitor for diamin-oxydase,
Vitamin K. See a180 Prothrombin 100
chemistry and physiology, 286-318 color reactions, 306, 306
determination by chemical and physical means, 304-306
isolation and extraction, 297, 298, 306 occurrence in nature, 296-297 redox potential, 304 structure, synthesis, 298-300 titration &B hydroquinone. 306
its determination in animal experiments,
prophylactic test, 291 unite, 296,296
chemistry, 301-303 redox potentials, 304
chicks as experimental animals, 287-289,
diet for artiicial development of deficiency,
early investigations, 287 mode of action, 306-309 rats and rabbits as experimental animals,
role of putrefaction in deficiency diet., 290
Vitamin K activity, curative test, 291-293
291-296
Vitamin K-active compounds, activity, 301
Vitamin K in animal organism, 286-309
291-293
288-291
290
Vitamin K in bacteria, 317, 318 Vitamin K in green plants, 316-317 Vitamin K-deficiency in humans, 309-314
alimentary avitaminosis, 309 cholemic bleeding tendency, 309-311 and coagulation anomaly. 287 hemorrhagic diathesis, 311 hypoprothrombinemia of newborn, 31 1-
and liver function, 314 and other hemorrhagic diseases, 314
314
Y Yeast, dipeptidm, 81
polypeptidaae, 80