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Advanced SectionHydro Turbine Design Project
• Introduction to fluid mechanics and electricity and magnetism
• Sign up for a design group in section tomorrow (groups of 4‐5)
• Design Project Analysis (HW set due on 11/6)• Evening session (on 11/4) to cover the design project
analysis• MATLAB Calculations: Computer Lab during section on
Monday 11/10• Building time: Week of Nov 11 in Prince Lab (short HW
this week)• Group Presentation and tesing in section on Monday
Nov 17th
Turbines
A contraption that extracts energy from a fluid flow
The primary method of acquiring the mechanical energy needed to power a generator
Impulse Turbines
Operate under Newton’s second law – force creates a time‐rate change of momentum
Energy is obtained by redirecting a high velocity jet of fluid
Reaction Turbines
Operate under Newton’s third law – every action has a reaction
Mechanical rotational energy is obtained when a high fluid pressure is decreased as the fluid passes across the turbine
Hybrids (e.g. Wind Turbine)
In a classic airfoil, lift is created by a forced pressure difference between the top and bottom, like a reaction turbine
The flow of air is also redirected by the fan blades, like an impulse turbine
Generators
Converts mechanical energy into electrical energy using magnets and wire in a closed circuit
Generating Electricity
Using a proper set up, rotational mechanical energy can be used to continuously move a wire through a magnetic field, and force electrons up or down the wire
ElectromagnetismIn a nutshell
Electrons passing through a wire creates a magnetic field around the wire
Current (I) is a measure of the quantity of electrons passing through a point every second
Magnetic flux density (B) is a measure of the strength of a magnetic field at a certain point
Alternating Currents and Fields
Magnetic field strength generated is directly related to the amount of current flowing through the wire
ωt
I/A
Conversely, if there is no current through a wire, you can induce current by passing a conductive material across magnetic field lines
Electromagnetic Induction
Current is induced when a conductive material passes across magnetic field lines. This happens when:
1. The magnetic field is changing
2. The conductive material is moving
Fleming’s right hand rule gives the direction of motion, magnetic field, and induced current
Advanced SectionHydro Turbine Design Project
• Introduction to fluid mechanics and electricity and magnetism
• Sign up for a design group in section tomorrow (groups of 4‐5)
• Design Project Analysis (HW set due on 11/6)• Evening session (on 11/4) to cover the design project
analysis• MATLAB Calculations: Computer Lab during section on
Monday 11/10• Building time: Week of Nov 11 in Prince Lab (short HW
this week)• Group Presentation and tesing in section on Monday
Nov 17th