Advanced Reactor Demonstration Project Overview

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a TerraPower & GE-Hitachi technology

Advanced Reactor Demonstration Project

Overview


Advanced Reactor Demonstration Program (ARDP)

demonstration goals

• Demonstrate the ability to design, license, construct, startup and

operate our Natrium™ Advanced Reactor

• Build the supply chain for sodium fast reactors in the United States

• Lower emissions by initiating the deployment of a fleet of Natrium

reactors – Demo will show that we can build these plants

economically and that they will be attractive for future

owner/operators

• Development of new jobs and a stronger economy

2


Elements of the Natrium™ ARDP Offering

3

• Strong private financial backing

• Design, NRC Part 50 licensing, Procurement, Construction and Startup of Natrium Demonstration reactor 840 MWt through fuel loading within 7 years

• Support Development of HALEU metal fuel supply chain

o Providing funding for first year of development in two cascades of 120 AC100M centrifuges that would add 12 MTU/year of capacity at 19.75 wt. % U235.

o Design, license and construct a fuel fabrication facility for HALEU metallic fuel

• Continue development of TP advanced fuel and material development and qualification program


Team Members

4


Why Natrium™ technology?

5

It is the best option for deploying advanced nuclear power given increasing demand for carbon-free energy and a growing mix of renewable sources because it:

• Simplifies construction and architecture compared to previous reactor types

• Offers a cost-competitive, flexible technology that supports load following, energy storage and industrial process heat applications

• Brings step-change improvements in capital and operational costs

• Provides a utility-scale decarbonization solution that can make a meaningful impact on efforts to mitigate climate change

Copyright© 2021 TerraPower, LLC. All Rights Reserved.6

Fuel and Material

Development &

Qualification

Team Natrium

ARDP Natrium Demonstration Project Level 1 Schedule

Operations Programs

and Startup

Procurement &

Construction

Equipment Testing &

Qualification

Licensing

Methods

Development

Plant Design

Subproject1 2 4 5 6 7 8

Program Management

3

Q4Q3Q2Q1Q4Q3Q2Q1Q4Q3Q2Q1Q4Q3Q2Q1Q4Q3Q2Q1Q4Q3Q2Q1Q4Q3Q2Q1Q4Q3Q2Q1Q4Q3

0

Pre-Licensing

Engagement with

NRC

Team Natrium

Awarded and

Contract in Place

Site

Selected

Final (100%)

Design Complete

Start of Human

Factors Engineering

Construction

Complete

First Safety

Concrete

Begin Site

Preparation

NRC Review NRC Review

Sodium Fill,

Fuel Staging

First Operator

Training Class

V&V Testing Complete

Early Supplier

Engagement

Start of FSAR

Preparation

Factory

Acceptance

Testing Complete

V&V Test Planning

Complete

LEGEND

Engineering

Key Project Milestone Logic Tie

R&D

Construction

Partnership

Licensing

Supply Chain

OperationsOperations Programs

Class 3/4 Cost and

Schedule Estimates

Complete

Fuel Supply

Submit License

Application for

Fab. Facility

Fuel Fabrication,

HALEU Supply, Site

Selection Planning

Design Complete/

Begin Facility

Construction

Initial Core Load

Delivery Complete

Shipping Containers

Licensed & Fabricated

Shipping Container

Tests Complete; Design

Submitted to NRC

Continue Fuel Fab.

for Reloads

Management

Plan Issued

Definitive Cost and

Schedule Estimates

Complete

Demo Construction

ApprovedPreliminary

(60%) Design

Complete

Detailed

(95%) Design

Complete

Methods V&V

Complete

Construction

Permit Issued

by NRC

Regulatory

Engagement Plan

Complete

State and Local

Construction

Permits Issued

Operating

License Issued

by NRC

Development

Testing Complete

Qualification

Testing Complete

Procurement

Plans IssuedReactor

Vessel Set

Simulator

OperationalStart Training and

Procedure

Development

Initial Operator

Training

Complete

Begin Equipment

Turnovers

Full Power

Operations

Process

Development

Complete

Type 1B LTAs

Ready for

Insertion

Fuel Load,

Low Power

Operations

Large Sodium Test

Facility Operational

Fab. Facility

Operational

Start Fuel

Fabrication

Start of

PSAR

Preparation

Initiate Long-Lead

Equipment Procurement

Design Reference 1

Complete

Testing for PSAR

Complete

Methodology Reports

for CPA Submitted

Enter Utility

IRP Process

PSAR / Construction

Permit Application

(CPA) Submission

Start/Finish

FSAR / Operating

License Application

(OLA) Submission

Start/Finish

PIE and TREAT

Testing of High Burnup

Fuel Complete

Resume Legacy Fuel

PIE Program at INL

Start of Transient Test

Program

(TREAT Reactor)

Fuel Licensing

Activities Complete

TREAT Sodium

Loop Available

Demonstration

Testing Complete

Final Delivery

of Long-Lead

Equipment

Construction

Execution Plan Issued


Schedule and Cost Estimate Methodology

7

• Assumes a defined spending plan with consistent source of funds

• Jointly developed by TP, GEH and Bechtel based on past experiences

• Licensing schedule has been discussed several times with NRC “aggressive but achievable”

• Design to minimize construction time

• AACE Class 3 / 4 cost estimate and schedule by end of budget period 2

• AACE Definitive cost estimate and schedule for construction will be provided in 4th budget period


Simple Nuclear Systems

8

Natrium Radiant Vessel Cooling

• Zero ASME Sect. III Pipe Welds• Atmospheric Pressure (<1 PSI)• Unlimited Air-Cooled Heat Sink Supply• Fully Passive (Always in Operation)• Singular Rugged System

LWR Emergency Core Cooling

• 2600+ ASME Sect. III Pipe Welds• High Pressure Injection (1000+ PSI)• Large Water Inventory Requirements • Active Valve and Pump Operation• Multiple Trains and Sub-systems


Simple Nuclear Buildings

9


Simple Nuclear Construction

10


Customers?

• Marketing to US Utilities

• About 10 US Utilities have joined our Utility Advisory Board

• In discussions with a potential owner/operators for the demonstration plant

• Key success criteria –

– Natrium can be located anywhere that meets the NRC criteria, but has added value in markets that have a high penetration of renewables, that both need a stable baseload and need power on demand when solar and wind are not available.

– Strong political support, especially at the state and local levels

– Strong workforce

– EPRI Siting Guide

11


Licensing Strategy

12

• Team Natrium selected the 10 CFR 50 licensing process due to the time requirements on the program. 10 CFR 50 allows you to start construction earlier.

• The Preliminary Safety Analysis Report will be submitted with a Part 50 Construction Permit Application (CPA). The PSAR is currently organized consistent with the draft PSAR/FSAR outline and guidance provided by an NRC letter dated April 15, 2020, titled “Updated Draft Outline for Licensing Modernization Project Advanced Reactor License Applications”

• The Final Safety Analysis Report will be submitted with the Operating License Application


Natrium Reactor Planned NRC Interactions

Environmental (2021-2022)

13

• Site Selection Process

• Environmental Coordination State and Federal

• Environmental Need for Power and Alternate Analysis

• Severe Accident Mitigation Analysis

• Environmental – Fuel Cycle Impacts


Planned NRC Interactions Safety/Programs (2021-2027)

• Quality Assurance – NRC currently reviewing

• Safeguards Information (SGI) Plan

• Probabilistic Risk Assessment (PRA)

• Natrium Demo Plant

• Applicability of Regulations

• Engineering Computer Codes for Natrium

• M++ (Mongoose sub channel code) Thermal Hydraulic Topical

• Risk Informed Performance Based Preliminary Design Criteria

• Plant-Level Risk-Informed Performance-Based SSC’s Classification

• Energy Island Decoupling

• Consensus Codes and Standards

• Source Term Methodology

• Design Basis Accident Methodology

• PSAR Chapter 1 – Plant and site overview

• Licensing Basis Events with and without releases

• Emergency Preparedness

• Metal Fuel Operating Experience

• Radiological Release Consequences Methodology

• Reactor Stability Methodology

• Partial Flow Blockage Methodology

• Regulatory Exemptions

• Fuel Methodology

14


Key Licensing Milestones (2023 – 2028)

• Construction Permit Application and PSAR Submittal – August 2023

• License to Construct – March 2025

• Operating License Application and FSAR Submittal – March 2026

• License of Operate – March 2028

15

Nuclear redefined• Eliminates nuclear “sprawl”

✓ Design to cost✓ Simplicity✓ Rapid construction✓ Design specific staffing

• ~41% net thermal efficiency

Redefining what nuclear can be…

Integrating with renewables• Zero emission dispatchable resource • Price follower… w/ reactor at 100% power 24/7• 345 MWe nominal• Flex to 500 MWe for 5.5 hours through energy storage

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Rx Building

Fuel Building

Fuel Aux. Building

Rx Aux. Building

NI Power Distribution Center & Controls

Control Building

Warehouse& Admin

Standby Diesels

Firewater

Shutdown Cooling

Inert Gas

Steam GenerationTurbine Building

TI Power Distribution Center

Energy Storage Tanks

Demin Water

Salt Piping

336 - 550 MWe net max output2.8+ GWhe energy storage40-41% net thermal efficiency~44 acres Total Site Acreage~16 acres Nuclear Island Site Acreage



Heat Transport ArchitectureIt’s all about the tanks.

Commercial Constructor Scope

Power Cycle Loop(Water)

EI Salt System(Nitrate Salt)

Nuclear Constructor Scope

Reactor

Primary Pool (Sodium)

9799218-7b_r0

hot tank

cold tank

NI Control• Cold pump speed• Cold tank level• Cold salt temperature

EI Control• Hot pump speed• Hot tank level• Hot salt temperature

18


Hot Tank Cold Tank

CAISO April 9, 2019

ሶ𝑊 = 𝜂𝑐 ሶ𝑄𝑅𝑥

Basic Operation

Charging: Low Price ሶ𝑊𝑇 < 𝜂𝑇 ሶ𝑄𝑅𝑥• Hot salt tank level increases

• Cold salt tank level decreases

Discharging: High Price ሶ𝑊𝑇 > 𝜂𝑇 ሶ𝑄𝑅𝑥• Hot tank salt level decreases

• Cold tank salt level increases

Even: ሶ𝑊𝑇 = 𝜂𝑇 ሶ𝑄𝑅𝑥• Steady holt tank salt level

• Steady cold tank salt level

Low price - sell less, high price – sell more

• Store when renewables producing power (lower prices) and discharge when they are not (higher prices)

• Natrium is different from LWRs because the outlet temperature is high enough to support storage.

• Reactor output is steady … minimize cycling of reactor

• Price following above and below 100% reactor power

Pri

ce

Hour of Day0 5 10 15 20

Power Output(MWe)

Storage Capacity (tank level)

0

400

300

200

100

500

0%

80%

60%

40%

20%

100%

Turbine-Generator

Full Power Turbine Hours =𝜌𝑉𝑤𝑜𝑟𝑘𝑖𝑛𝑔 ℎ𝑜𝑡

𝐶ℎ𝑜𝑡𝑇ℎ𝑜𝑡 − 𝐶𝑐𝑜𝑙𝑑𝑇𝑐𝑜𝑙𝑑

ሶ𝑄𝑇𝜂𝑇

− ሶ𝑄𝑅𝑥

How Energy Storage Works

19


Thermal Storage Hot Molten Salt Thermal Storage Tank

Cold Molten Salt Thermal Storage Tank

Thermal Storage

• Number of tanks based on customer’s energy need

• Steam generator trains based on size of turbines

• Turbine size based on customer’s power need

Steam Generator Equipment

20


Reactor Aux. Building

Int Sodium Hot Leg

Int Sodium Cold LegReactor

and Core

IAC

Head Access

Area

Refueling Access Area

RAC / Reactor Cavity

Reactor Building

Fuel Handling BuildingRAC Ducts

Used Fuel

Water Pool

Key Technical Features of Natrium Reactor Buildings

Sodium Int loop

Sodium/Salt HXs

Salt Piping to/from

Thermal Storage

System

21


Key Technical Features of Reactor Equipment Design

22

Reactor Core

Heat ExchangerPump

Core Inlet Plenum

CRDMs

Hot Pool

Cold Pool

Heat Transport

Loop Piping

Guard Vessel

Reactor Vessel

In Vessel Transfer

Machine

• Advanced Fuel System– long lived, once through, lower cost fuel

• Efficient Transport Architecture– Molten Salt Loop transports heat to Energy Island

• Simple Reactor Structures– Safety related / nuclear seismic sub-structures

– Open floor plan: few internal walls

• Compact Reactor Equipment• Pantograph In-Vessel Fuel Handling Machine

• Space efficient internals design for easy fabrication

• Natural Circulation (Air) based safety cooling– RAC simplifies safety analysis & defense

• Local Loop Cooling for Refueling (non safety)– Na to air heat exchangers on Intermediate Loop

CompetitiveClean Energy

Simple Nuclear System• Exceptional heat transfer• Passive air cooling• Low pressure • Optimized layout

Adjacent innovations• Concentrated solar power industry• Tunneling industry… vertical cut• Combined cycle gas turbine industry

Flexible• Dispatchable power• Energy storage… price follow• Integrate with renewables• Process heat


Documents

Advanced Reactor Demonstration Project Overview