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Presented in Informa Policy Control 2011,it intends to introduce the architectures,parameters, standards challenges for policy control based on location information.
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Advanced policy
implementation based on
subscriber location
Alberto Boaventura
Policy Control
Amsterdam
5th & 6th April 2011
Network Architecture and Technology - Network Planning Area
Who we are
2000
Anatel defined 1800 MHz as
band for mobile personal services
(SMP)
Oi, former Telemar, bought license for
operating in 1800 MHz, and created de 1st
Brazilian GSM Operator: Oi
2002 2004
Brasil Telecom started its mobile services operation
based on GSM Technology
2007
Oi started 2G mobile operations in São Paulo (region 3). Also, 3G in
region 1.
Brasil Telecom started 3G operation in region 2.
Oi and Brasil Telecom acquired licenses in 2100
MHz for 3G operation
2008 2009
Oi bought Brasil Telecom and merged
their operations, becoming national wide GSM/UMTS
operator
3Q10:
Oi Móvel: 39.9 MM
Oi Fixo: 20.0 MM
Velox: 4.4 MM
Oi TV: 275 k
Network Architecture and Technology - Network Planning Area
Where we are
Region I
Region II
Region III
Region I Region II Region III Total
Geoeconomics
GDP 838,8 B USD 550,0 B USD 711,2 B USD 2100,0 B USD
Population 105,7 MM 45,4 MM 41,8 MM 192,9 MM
Municipalities 3.051 1.867 645 5.563
Oi Service Accesses
Fixed Lines 12,8 MM 7,2 MM 20,0 MM
2G/3G 24,5 MM 8,1 MM 7,3 MM 39,9 MM
Broadband 2,5 MM 1,9 MM 4,4 MM
Network Architecture and Technology - Network Planning Area
2010
How big we are
Internet. 23,340 km
National 32,584 km
Regional/Metro. 120,261 km
Total 176,185 km
Optical Cable Footprint
Oi has an expressive
national and
international optical
network
Network Architecture and Technology - Network Planning Area
Mobile Broadband Industry Consolidation
Global Internet is still growing :
1.8B Users, +13% Y/Y 18.8T Minutes Spent, +21% Y/Y
But, mobile will be preferable access
in 3 Years
Source: Morgan Stanley 2010
0 MM
500 MM
1000 MM
1500 MM
2000 MM
2500 MM
2007E 2008E 2009E 2010E 2011E 2012E 2013E 2014E 2015E
Mobile Desktop
Mobile Internet Accesses surpass Desktop Internet
Accesses
Source: Ericsson 2010
Revenue forecast per application type
2008-2015
The MBB is rapidly consolidating, and in couple years will be the
preferable Internet access…
Network Architecture and Technology - Network Planning Area
Mainframe-> Mini-> Desktop -> Smartphones/Tablets
5 convergence trends: MBB + Social
Networking + Video + VoIP + usability in
differentiated devices
1960 1970 1980 1990 2020+
Mainframe Mini
Desktop
Internet
Mobile Internet
1 MM+ 10 MM+
100 MM+
1 B+
10 B+
Source: Morgan Stanley 2010
The expressive Mobile Internet growth projection is justified by
integration of functionalities (for personal use) in a single device, and
becoming in next years the preferential Internet device against desktops.
Technology Enablers
Applications
Convenience
Network Architecture and Technology - Network Planning Area
Phases of M2M Communication
2010 2015 2020
1st Phase: Vertical Applications 2nd Phase : Compliant
Regulation Applications
3rd Phase: Internet of Things
Car Telematic
Fleet Management
Parking & Traffic Management in
urban areas
Positioning Systems
Smart Metering
Fleet Management
Positioning Systems
POS-Terminal
Remote Management of Assets &
Products
Car Telematic
Fleet Management
Parking & Traffic Management in urban
areas
Positioning Systems
Smart Metering
POS-Terminal
Security
Remote Monitoring of Green Energy
power plants
Remote Management of Assets &
Products
Environmental monitoring & ICT support
to a sustainable economic growth
eHealth
M2M just started and ...
Network Architecture and Technology - Network Planning Area
Future: Things Connected
50 Billions of connected devices
is expected in 2020
Network Architecture and Technology - Network Planning Area
Market is eager for more thoughput
TV 3D
Rubust Gaming
P2P
HDTV
On-Demand
Virtualization Video
Conference Visual
Networking
Augmented Reality
Collaboration
Mobile TV Internet
Music
MMS
M2M
Telemetry
Mobile Web
Games
Social Networks
LBS/GPS
SMS
IM EMS
kbps
Mbps
Mbps+
The operators are still intensively investing in network infrastructure and new band licenses in order to follow continuous market anxiety for
more throughput.
DL:237 kbps UL:59 kbps
EDGE
DL: 326 Mbps UL: 86 Mbps
20 MHz
Rel 8 LTE
DL: 28 Mbps UL: 11,5 Mbps BW: 5 MHz
Rel 7 HSPA+
DL: 42 Mbps UL: 11,5 Mbps BW: 5 MHz
Rel 8 HSPA+
DL: 84 Mbps UL: 23 Mbps BW: 10 MHz
Rel 9 HSPA+ DL:> 1 Gbps BW: 100 MHz LTE Advanced
Rel 10 LTE
DL:80 kbps UL:20 kbps
GPRS
DL: 14 Mbps UL: 11,5 Mbps BW: 5 MHz
Rel 6 HSPA
Network Architecture and Technology - Network Planning Area
Service Requirements
Different Users
Different Devices
Different
Services
Different
Applications
Different
Network
Requirements
(SLA, QoS etc.)
Users and devices have different requirements which could
be explored more efficiently.
And for Mobile Network Services ...
Network Architecture and Technology - Network Planning Area
Service Requirements
Different Users
Different Devices Different
Services
Different
Applications
Different
Network
Requirements
(SLA, QoS etc.)
… new requirement dimension: Location
Different Locations
Network Architecture and Technology - Network Planning Area
Traffic and Revenue decoupling
Voice Dominant Data Dominant
Traffic
Revenue
New challenge: how to be profitable in data era?
Network Architecture and Technology - Network Planning Area
Overall Oi’s Technology and Network Vision
Fixed and Mobile Vertical
Networks
Convergent Multimedia & Broadband
Service Oriented Network
Deploying new broadband access networks (FTTx, 3G, HSPA, LTE, WiMax )
Implementing IMS and SDP
Creating a flexible and programmable telecommunication network for quickly and in time launching new services based on own technology, partners and 3 rd party.
Preparing Business and Operation Support System into Service Oriented Architecture
Preparing the legacy fixed and mobile network for supporting IMS and its interfaces.
First step: Consistent network vision construction with right architecture definition
Network Architecture and Technology - Network Planning Area
Service Requirements and QoS Control
QoE < > SLA
User Expectation & Business Requirements
Service & Content Provider
Network Operator
SLS
Service Requirements
Network
QoS Requirements & Network Configuration
Mapping into
SLS parameters
SLA
descriptions
Translating to
network
configuration
parameters and
session rules.
Admission Control
Policy Control
Resource Reservation
Network Architecture and Technology - Network Planning Area
QoS Control Phases
Admission Control
Policy Control
Resource Reservation
Provides new session
service authorization based
on service level
requirements, packet
scheduling mechanisms,
resource load and network
capabilities Provides, per established
session, network policy
enforcement based on
negotiated QoS parameters
(traffic contract) and policy
rules.
Provides e2e resource
allocations based on session
service level requirements
(traffic contract)
Network Architecture and Technology - Network Planning Area
Policy Control
Policy
Decision Point
(PDP)
Application
Function
Network resources
(transmission, access etc.)
Policy Enforcement Point (PEP)
Responsible for applying the policy rules from
PDP, enforcing per session or flow basis the
current allowed traffic contract.
It receives a notification or a message that requires
a policy decision. Given such an event, the PEP
then formulates a request for a policy decision and
sends it to the PDP. The PDP returns the policy
decision and the PEP then enforces the policy
decision by appropriately accepting or denying the
request.
Responsible for primarily making policy decision
per session or flow basis. It authorizes QoS
resources for each flow using the setup
information received via Application Server or PEP.
It can use of additional mechanisms and protocols
to achieve additional functionality such as user
authentication, accounting, policy information
storage, etc.
Responsible for offering applications that require
the control per session or flow.
It can forward to PDP setup information for taking
decision and applying policy rules in any stage of
session flow.
Network Architecture and Technology - Network Planning Area
Policy Control in Different Architectures
PCRF
PCEF (GGSN/ PGW)
Gx
Rx
Application
Function
Policy
Decision
Point
Policy
Enforcement
Point
S-PDF
RACF
BGF
RECF
Ia
Re
Rq PD-FE
TRC-FE
PE-FE
TRE-FE
Rw
Rn
Rt
PF
SFA
SFM
R3
Application Function
(P-CSCF, Service Control Functions, IPTV etc.)
Gq’ Rs R5
3GPP TISPAN ITU-T WiMAX
Network Architecture and Technology - Network Planning Area
3GPP Policy & Charging Control Architecture
P-CSCF
GGSN
AF
GGSN
Go
Go
Gq
Charging
Function
CRF
AF
PCRF
GGSN
Gx
Rx
OCS
OFCS Gy/Gz
3GPP Release 5 3GPP Release 6 3GPP Release 7+
Ga
Application
Function
Policy
Decision
Point
Policy
Enforcement
Point
Sy
Network Architecture and Technology - Network Planning Area
3GPP Recommendations “Spectrum” A
rch
itec
ture
Access Network
Pro
toc
ol
Pa
ram
ete
r
Core Network QoS Policy & Charging Charging System
23.207
29.212 / 29.213 / 29.214
29.002
25.331/36.331
23.060 / 23.401 / 23.228
32.251
32.296
32.299
25.301 / 36.401
23.002 23.107 23.203
25.413/36.413
25.401/ 36.300
24.007 / 24.008
32.240
29.228
Network Architecture and Technology - Network Planning Area
e2e 3GPP QoS Architecture
Gb/IuPS/S1 Gn/S11 Gi/SGi
Gr/S6a Gx
Radio Access Bearer CN Bearer
UMTS Bearer (PDP Context & QoS Profile) External Bearer
IP Bearer, Applicatin and Services
Performs eficient packet scheduling by using QoS parameter
from core network (SPI, ARP, THP)
Based on recommendations 3GPP TS 23.107, 23.203 and 23.207
SGSN
(MME)
GGSN
(SGW
PGW)
PCRF HLR/HSS /SPR
OCS/
OFCS
Internet
Stores the QoS profile such as maximum bit
rate, guarantee bit rate, priorities etc.
Analyzes and takes a decision
for right policy to be applied
Gy/Gz
Sp
Performs the policy and charging enforcement.
Provides credit control and data
record for on-line and off-line charging
respectively Performs with RAN QoS policies from
HLR form home and roaming users.
Network Architecture and Technology - Network Planning Area
PCC Session Flows
PCRF
CCR
CCA
PULL procedure(Provisioning solicited by the PCEF): In response to a request for PCC rules being made by the PCEF, as described in the preceding section, the PCRF shall provision PCC rules in the CC-Answer;
PCRF
AAR, RAR
AAA, RAA
PUSH procedure(Unsolicited provisioning): The PCRF may decide to provision PCC rules without obtaining a request from the PCEF, e.g. in response to information provided to the PCRF via the Rx reference point, or in response to an internal trigger within the PCRF.
UE
Initiated
GW
Initiated
PCRF
Initiated
Session Establishment
Session Modification
Session Termination
Network Architecture and Technology - Network Planning Area
PCC Session Establishment Flow Scenario
SGSN GGSN PCRF HLR/HSS /SPR
OCS/
OFCS
Update Location process and static QoS setup.
Create PDP Context Request
[IMSI, QoS Subscribed, Charg.Characteristics,
Location Info]
Credit Control Request
[AVPs]
Credit Control Application
[Policies, QoS Negotiated,
Event Trigger, Cherging Key]
Policy Decision
Create PDP Context Response
[TEID, PDP Address, Protocol Configuration Options, QoS Negotiated, Charging Id,
Prohibit Payload Compression, APN Restriction, Cause, CGI/SAI/RAI change report required, BCM) ]
Activate PDP Context Response
Activate PDP Context Request
Profile Request
RadioAccessBearer Setup
CCR/CCA [charging key, quote]
Network Architecture and Technology - Network Planning Area
Role of Location Information in PCC
The positioning information can be provided by the Event Reporting Function
(ERF).
The Event Reporting Function is located either at the PCEF or, at the BBERF (if
applicable).
The PCRF subscribes to new event triggers or remove armed event triggers
unsolicited at any time or upon receiving event report or rule request from the
PCEF (or BBERF).
PCRF
CCR
CCA [Event Triggers Arm]
PCRF
CCR [Event Trigger Report]
CCA [New Policy Rules]
The PCEF (or BBERF) performs event trigger detection. When an event matching
the event trigger occurs, the PCEF shall report the occurred event to the PCRF.
Location change (serving cell) Location change (serving area) Location change (serving CN node)
Network Architecture and Technology - Network Planning Area
Event Triggers 8.0.0 8.1.1 8.4.0
PLMN change
QoS change
QoS change exceeding authorization
Traffic mapping information change
Resource modification request
Change in type of IP‑CAN
Loss/recovery of transmission resources
Location change (serving cell)
Location change (serving area)
Location change (serving CN node)
Out of credit
Enforced PCC rule request
UE IP address change
Trigger support in Architetcure Evolution
3GPP TS 23.203
Network Architecture and Technology - Network Planning Area
Simplified PCC Flow based on Location Changed
SGSN GGSN PCRF HLR/HSS /SPR
OCS/
OFCS
Policy & Event Trigger Armed
Credit Control Request
[Location Information]
Credit Control Application
[Policies, QoS Negotiated]
Policy Decision
Profile Request
RadioAccessBearer Setup
CCR/CCA [charging key, quote]
Policy & Event
Trigger Set
Location change (serving cell, serving
area)
Event Trigger detected and informed
PDP Context Modification
Network Architecture and Technology - Network Planning Area
SUPL (Secure User Plane Location) Architecture
Core
Network IP Network
SUPL
Location
Platform
SET Mobile
Location Service
Application SUPL Agent
IMS WAP SMSC
Lup P-2
P-1
Lup
Gm
Lz
Position Information
GPS capable mobile terminal
Internet
Network Architecture and Technology - Network Planning Area
SUPL as Service Enabler in PCC environment
SGSN
MME IP Network GGSN
S/PGW
PCRF HLR/HSS/SPR
Gx
OCS/
OFCS
Gn/S11
Gc
Gr/ S6a
Sp
Gi/SGi Gb/ IuPS/S1
Gy/Gz
SUPL
Location
Platform
SET Mobile
Location Service
Application SUPL Agent
Web Services (or DIAMETER)
Position Information
Internet
Network Architecture and Technology - Network Planning Area
Simplified PCC Flow based on Location Changed
SGSN GGSN PCRF HLR/HSS /SPR
SUPL
AAA/RAA
AAR/RAR
[PCC Rules Provision]
Policy Decision
RadioAccessBearer Setup
Inform
Location via
API or Rx
Interface
Location Changed based on GPS information (lat-long) via data connection
PDP Context Modification
Update Location process and static QoS setup.
Session Establishment
Network Architecture and Technology - Network Planning Area
Current Oi´s FMC Architecture Vision for PCC
SGSN
MME
GGSN
S/PGW
(PCEF)
HSS (NASS)
Mc
Cx
Gr
We
b S
erv
ice
s
Applications
MSAN/
ONU
(AGW)
BGF/
RECF
IP Network
Internet
IP Network
Internet
Enablers
Gn/S11
Ia/Re
Ro/Rf Rx
Gx
Gy/Gz
Gi/SGi Gb/ IuPS/
S1
PCRF
RACF
OCS
OFCS
IMS
e4
Sp
Network Architecture and Technology - Network Planning Area
Conclusions
► Rapid and consistent mobile broadband consolidation, air interface technology advances and machine type
communication will bring a tsunami of IP data traffic. In the same time rapid service lifecycle forces new
services to be mature quickly, with low profitability.
► Different users have different service expectations and application QoE requirements. Service
customization based on device, network, access technology and location awareness is essential for fitting
customer experience improvement with right cost.
► Policy & Charging Control is a powerful tool for capturing opportunities and any service lifecycle stage:
Rating and charging services for developing compelling and competitive revenue models. Also PCC helps
to transform data into customer-centric intelligence supporting revenue assurance via real-time revenue
intelligence combined with monitoring and analysis.
► Unfortunately PCC architecture is still being formulated by SDOs with incipient definitions, and there is no
consensus in terms of element network roles, interfaces and protocols. It is imperative to be created by
operators a robust and proof of future network architecture vision.
► For mobile broadband services, 3GPP has a complete framework, but with mature definitions after release
8. In special, for location services, the event triggers are completely defined in release 8.40 with cellid
granularity.
► Other location service architecture must be investigated, such as OMA SUPL that introduces more location
accuracy, but it requires a terminal support and hard integration task
