Advanced Marksmanship

8/3/2019 Advanced Marksmanship

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Task, Conditions, and Standards

Task: Apply fundimentals of advanced marksmanship. Conditions: Given a classroom enviornment, properly identify

fundimentals of Advanced marksmanship.

Standard: Learn Advanced marksmanship. Apply proper

fundimentals of marksmanship to effectively engage targets up to

600 meters.

Risk assessment: The overall risk assesment is low, we are in a air

conditioned classroom, so heat is not an issue. If your tired stand

up. Drink water. In the event of a fire, exit through the nearest

emergency exit and leadership will get accountability. In the eventof bad weather, we will remain here.

References: AR 3-22-9


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M4Advanced Marksmanship

Training


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Weapons Maintenance

Things Youll Need: A barber's brush or half-inch paint brush Clean rags

Cotton swabs Tooth brush Barrel rods Barrel brush

Barrel swabs M4 approved gun oil(CLP, Break Free, Hoppes Gun

Cleaner)


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Weapons Maintenance

Cleaning and Inspection: A weapon can fail

to fire or become sluggish in operation because

of overly dirty, broken or worn parts.


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Weapons Maintenance Clear the rifle in a safe direction and

disassemble the rifle. Clean the barrel, chamber and upper

receiver; pay special attention to thestar chamber. Use spray solvent toremove debris. Dry the barrel whenfinished and before firing.

Clean the lower receiver; check forforeign materials in trigger group

Clean the bolt carrier; insure there isno carbon build-up.

Clean the bolt and insure there is nocarbon build-up on the end of the bolt.

Clean the extractor and insure there

no carbon build-up on the extractorgroove.

Clean the buffer tube, buffer and

buffer spring.

Inspect the gas rings for excessive

wear; visually inspect their size by

comparing them to the rings from

another rifle. Insure the slots on the

three rings are not aligned. If they are

aligned, gas can bleed off resulting in a

failure to fully cycle.

Inspect the ejector to insure the spring

works properly and no foreign matter is

present. Use empty shell casing to see if

it functions properly.

Inspect the extractor by dragging theextractor groove corners across the back

of the hand to insure edges are sharp.

Check extractor groove to insure it is not

excessively worn.


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Weapons Maintenance

Inspect the extractorspring for height andexcessive wear. Therubber buffer should be

present inside the spring. Check the buffer spring

for size by comparing it tothe springs in other rifles.If it is too short or wornout, replace it.

Check the feed ramps inthe barrel for excessivewear.

Clean and check the

magazines for damage and

excessive wear; look for cracks

or bending in the feed lips or

bottom plate lips.

It is useful to have a small

tool kit at the squad or platoon

level; will aid in performing

user-level inspections andcleaning.


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Oil and lubrication

It is important to lubricate the rifle

WHY?


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Oil and lubrication

It is important to lubricate the rifle

WHY?

Lack of lubrication cause the weapon to perform

poorly resulting in a rough trigger, failure to cycle,

excessive build-up of residue and undo wear onthe rifle parts.


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Oil and lubrication

It is important not to over-lubricate the rifle.

WHY?


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Oil and lubrication

It is important not to over-lubricate the rifle.

WHY?

Excess oil collects dirt, can be blown into your face

during firing, and can cause hydrostatic pitting inthe barrel when firing.


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Oil and lubrication

It is important to Prepare

Your Rifle for Firing by

insuring it is lubricated and

has a clean / dry barrel Oil the bolt wear ring, and

assemble the bolt and

carrier.

Place two drops of oil onthe charging handle and

install.

Oil the wear rails on the

bolt carrier with a small bead

of oil, oil the locking lugs on

the bolt, and install the boltcarrier.

Lubricate the rear of the

trigger with a small spot of

weapons grade lithium grease

(an un-oiled trigger can almostdouble the trigger pull).

Lubricate the steel of the

weapon so it will not rust.


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Rigging

Why do we attach items to our rifle? Every item

attached to the rifle should enhance the rifles

performance, it is important to know the

purpose and function of each item.

Slings: Why?


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Rigging

Weapon lights: Generally mounted on the strongside of the weapon for shooting around obstaclesand to avoid the sling; carry spare batteries.

Lasers: Mounted on top of the barrel is usually thebest option and most efficient for zeroing.

Forward Vertical Grip: Mounted as far forward aspossible. This will better aid in its use tosupport/control the rifle as taught in riflefundamentals.

Back-up Iron Sights: Need to be mounted on everyrifle; they are a back up until they are a primary


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Rigging/Optics

Optics: Spare batteries need to be carried (the pistol grip or

other suitable location).

Trijicon ACO

G eye relief is 1 to 1 inch. CCOs should be mounted as far rearward as possible for

the widest field of view.

Check to insure the CCO is not canted; this will affectzeroing and adjustments.

Mark optics and other add-on items with paintmarks so you can easily spot a loose screw ormount.


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Malfunctions

Cycles of Function

Firing:The trigger is pulled releasing the hammer, which hits the firing pin,

striking the primer and discharging the rifle.

Unlocking: Gas tapped from the barrel through the gas tube is redirected to the

bolt carrier key. This pushes the carrier to the rear, and unlocks the bolt from thebarrel extension via the cam pin moving in the carrier cam surface.

Extracting:The rim of the expended cartridge case is grasped by the claw on

the extractor on one side, while pressure is exerted on the opposite side of the

case by the ejector. With this, the case is pulled from the chamber.

Ejecting: Once the case is extracted and clears the barrel extension, the ejector

forcefully pushes the case, as the extractor continues to pull it to the rear. This

push-pull of the ejector-extractor expels the case from the rifle.


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Malfunctions

Cycles of Function Continue.

Cocking:The bolt and bolt carrier moving to the rear, cocksthe hammer via the underside of the rear of the carrier.

Feeding: The bolt and bolt carrier, after moving fully to the

rear, comes forward (counter recoil), and strips a freshcartridge from the feed lips of the magazine.

Chambering: After stripping a fresh cartridge, the bolt andcarrier continue forward pushing the cartridge up the feedramps and into the chamber.

Locking:The pressure of the action spring push the carriercompletely forward, and the cam surface engages the cam pin,turning the bolt, locking it into the barrel extension, andsnapping the extractor around the case rim.


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Malfunctions

What are the most common types of malfunctions?

Failure to Cycle resulting in any of the followingmalfunctions.

Failure to Fire resulting in a Squeeze / Click on a liveround with the bolt forward.

Failure to Extract resulting in a live round jammedbehind a spent cartridge that remained lodged in thechamber and the bolt partially to the rear.

Failure to Eject resulting in a spent cartridge and a liveround jammed in the receiver with the bolt partially tothe rear.


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Malfunctions

Failure to Eject resulting in a Bolt Override a spent cartridgejammed between the charging handle and the top of the bolt withthe bolt partially to the rear. Pressure from the buffer springpresses the bolt forward onto the spent cartridge, which is pushedinto the forward portion of the charging handle. If you pull back onthe charging handle, the bolt carrier group, the spent cartridge andthe charging handle move to the rear as a group. Generally, the boltwill not lock to the rear and can only be pulled to the rear a shortdistance.

Failure to Feed resulting in a Squeeze / Click on an emptychamber with the bolt forward.

Failure to Feed resulting in a Double Feed two live roundsjammed in the receiver with the bolt partially to the rear.


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Malfunctions

What are our actions when we detect amalfunction?

Slap the Magazine Pull charging handle to the rear

Observe ejection of round (if weapon fails to eject round,immediately seek remedial action.

Release the charging handle; do not ride it forward. Tap the forward assist assembly to ensure the bolt closes.

Squeeze the trigger and try to fire the rifle


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Load Procedures

a.Point the carbine muzzle in a safe direction.

b. Cock the carbine (this also opens the bolt).

c.Place the selector lever on SAFE.

d.Open the bolt and check the chamber to ensure it is clear.

e. Insert the magazine, pushing it upward until the magazinecatch

f. Tap upward on the bottom of the magazine to ensure that itis seated.

g. Chamber a round.

h.Place the selector lever on the desired mode of fire.

i. If the weapon is not to be fired immediately, place selectorlever on SAFE and close the ejection port cover.


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Unload Procedures

1. Remove the magazine.

a. Point the rifle muzzle in a safe direction.

b. Place the selector lever on SAFE (if the weapon is not cocked, you

cannot place the selector lever on SAFE).

c. Remove the magazine from the rifle.

2. Remove ammunition.

a. Lock the bolt open and return the charging handle forward.

b. Check the receiver and chamber for ammunition. Remove anyammunition present.

c. Press the bottom of the bolt catch, allowing the bolt to go forward.

d. Place the selector lever on SAFE.


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Rifle Marksmanship

U.S. Army does not advocate any rifle fire other than well-aimed, deliberate fire.

Repeated combat experience has demonstrated that asingle, well-aimed, rapidly fired shot is by far, more effective

than numerous rounds, rapidly fire in the direction of theenemy.

As the saying goes, You cannot miss fast enough.

Advanced rifle marksmanship is nothing more than

mastering the basics of well-aimed, deliberate fire. If you master your ability (potential) for rapid, aimed fire in

training, you will be able to fire accurately and as fast asyou need to in combat.


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Rifle Marksmanship

The background components of rifle marksmanship (or for that matter,any task) are the answers to a few reasonably selected questions thatdefine the task. For rifle marksmanship, we will use the followingquestions.

1. What type of rifle marksmanship are we concern with and how doesassault rifle marksmanship differ from other types?

2. What are we trying to accomplish with assault rifle fire?

3. What are the capabilities of the rifle?

4. What is the primary factor that affects the strike of the round?

5. What are our goals in manipulating the rifle?6. What are the fundamentals of Rifle Marksmanship and how do they

assist us?


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Rifle Marksmanship

What are the fundamentals of Rifle

Marksmanship and how do they assist us?

Steady Position Aiming

Breath Control

Trigger Squeeze

[Follow Through] this one is added to

address what concerns or issues?


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Rifle Marksmanship

Natural Point of Aim

Square to the Target

Extended Stock

Rifle Butt Position

Non-firing Hand

Firing Handgrip

Firing Elbow

Placement Non-firing Elbow

Cheek-to-Stock

Weld Support (Mag on

ground)

Muscle Relaxation

Steady Position


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Rifle Marksmanship

Aiming

Sight Alignment Iron sight or

optical / reticle

Focus of the Eye Iron sight

or optical / reticle

Sight Picture

Front Sight


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Rifle Marksmanship

Breath Control

Natural Respiratory Pause

Stop Breathing verses Holding

Breathe


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Rifle Marksmanship

Trigger Squeeze

Trigger Finger

Squeeze Dealing with wobble, recoilanticipation and jerking the trigger

Hold Leads into Follow Through

Reset


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Rifle Marksmanship

[Follow Through]

Evaluate the Shot

Evaluate the Situation Prepare for Follow-on Shots


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Rifle Marksmanship

Maintaining Center Mass Aim (200m Zero)

Crotch Level Aim (300m Zero)


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Aim CenterMass

200 Meter Zero,

target at 300 Meters

25 meter zero,

target at 300 Meters

10 Low

Center


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Rifle Marksmanship

The trigger pullers will close and destroy enemy,

usually from within 100-200 meters

Still a need for Long Range Marksman/SquadDesignated Sniper, for support and SKTs.


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Zero


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Positions


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Positions

Prone

Feet

Mag on

ground


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Kneeling

(a) Kneel on your right knee while facing the target, with your left handon the magazine and your right grasping the rifle' s pistol grip.

(b) Place your left foot about .45 meter (18 inches) to your left front,with your toes pointing in the general direction of the target.

(c) Keeping your right toe in place, sit on your right heel.

(d) Place your left elbow forward of your left knee, resting the flatportion of your upper arm on your knee.

(e) Move the rifle butt into the pocket of your right shoulder, pulling therifle pistol grip with your right hand.

(f) With your left hand on the rifle magazine, place your left forefinger inthe trigger guard of the grenade launcher.

(g) Pull the rifle firmly into your shoulder.

(h) Pull your right elbow in close to your body to help you applyrearward pressure to the weapon.


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Kneeling


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Standing


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Barricade

2 Difference


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Barricade

2 Difference

HUMMV Lift Hook


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Night fire

Mounting/sight adjustments

zeroing techniques

Grouping


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Night Firing

Safety: Aiming lasers can permanently damage or blindthe human eye. For this reason, precautions are taken

to insure the laser is never pointed at an individualthat is not an enemy combatant.

If the laser must be pointed at an individual for security reasons (civilianor enemy combatant), caution is taken to insure the laser is not pointedat the individuals face.

A laser is never intentionally pointed at the face of any individual.

Treat all lasers as loaded weapons; do not point lasers at anyone oranything unless you intend to engage.

Ensure the laser is off when not in use and consider removing thebatteries for longer periods of storage.


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AN/PEQ-2

There are two adjustable lasers on the PEQ2; the

right side laser is an aiming laser with a Low and

High setting, the left side laser is a variable

illuminator with a Low and High setting.

Locking screw - ensure the screw is tight and

mark with a paint pen so you can make a quick

reference to ensure that it has not come lose.


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AN/PEQ-2

Lens caps or diffusers - These caps protect the lens of thelaser from dust and other objects. There are different lens

covers that offer shapes for the laser as well.

Batteries and battery caps - the PEQ2 uses 2 AA batteries,

maker sure that the caps are tight. If the PEQ2 is stored with

the batteries in, it will reduce the spring tension, this cause the

laser to turn off after every shot.

On/Off Push Button - push one time and the laser will turn on

for approximately 3 seconds and then turn off. Push the

button 2 times consecutively and it will stay on continuous. All adjustments are 1 MOA.


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Modes

OFF - The AN/PEQ-2A will not operate.

AIMLO - The aiming beam operates at low power.Low power is useful to reduce night vision device

blooming of the aiming spot on close targets. It isalso useful for training because the beam powermeets the criteria of an eye-safe laser.

DUALLO - The Aiming beam operates at lowpower and the illuminating beam operates at low

power. Low power aiming and illuminating is usefulto reduce the effects of blooming when engagingtargets at close range.


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Modes

AIM HI - The aiming beam operates at high power.Hi power is useful for aiming or pointing at distanttargets.

DUALLO/HI - The aiming beam operates at lowpower and the illumination beam operates at fullpower. The DUAL mode enables a target to beilluminated and fired upon using an aiming beam.

DUAL HI/HI - The aiming beam operates at highpower and the illumination beam operates at fullpower.


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Co-Witness

This technique is a field expedient method ofzero that can only be done if the weapon; withoptic, is zeroed.

This method of zero will give point of aim, pointof impact at the desired zeroed distance.

If the weapon and optic has a zero at 200m thenthe laser will be point of point of impact at 200m.

(Remember the effectiveness of the NVGs andthe most likely engagement distance in theater)


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Co-Witness

This process only takes a few seconds; withNVGs on, look through the optic turning thebrightness down so it is visible, turn the laser on

and locate the laser through the optic, move thelaser up/down and/or left/right until it sitsdirectly on top of the red dot of the optic.

This needs to be done out to distance. All youneed is a definitive aiming point allowing you tohold so the laser can be moved to the optic.


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Co-Witness

Simply put, you will make your laser point at the

same thing as your daytime optic.

Battle buddy system is the best way to do this.


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AN/PVS 14

Monocular night vision devise that be worn over

either non-firing or firing eye.

If worn over non-firing eye, this will provide the

ability to use the red dot optic in a lighted area with

out having to flip the 14s up and out of the way.

Worn over the firing eye, this will provide the

possibility to look through the 14s and the optic atthe same time to engage targets without a laser.


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AN/PVS 14

The 14s have 2 focus rings: one closest to the eye is

use to set the focus to the strength the eye based

on the individuals vision.

The second focus ring is for range or depth of

visibility.

To focus the ANPVS 14, it will take some minor

adjustments to find the clearest field of view. The small knob on the front of the PVS14 is the gain.

This controls the brightness of the tube itself.


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Questions

Documents

Advanced Marksmanship