Advanced Computer Programming°L255/icerik/Week1.pdf · programming languages such as Java, Pascal, or C++. ... Advanced Computer Programming. How to start VS .Net2012 Advanced Computer

Hazırlayan

Advanced Computer Programming

Yrd. Doç. Dr. Mehmet Fidan

COURSE POLICY


Grading:Midtem1-2 : %15 Projects : %15 Quiz : %15 Final : %40

SYLLABUS


Introduction to Programming

Introduction to Microsoft Visual Studio

Data types and expressions

Conditions and loops

Arrays and Collections

Classes and Functions

File I/O operations

BOOK: C# 2010 for programmers (Fourth Edition) Paul Deitel and Harvey Ditel

COMPUTER


A computer is a complex system consisting of many different components. But at the heart—or the brain, if you want—of the computer is a single component that does the actual computing. This is the Central Processing Unit, or CPU.

A program is simply a list of unambiguous instructions meant to befollowed mechanically by a computer. A computer is built to carryout instructions that are written in a very simple type of languagecalled machine language. Each type of computer has its ownmachine language, and the computer can directly execute a programonly if the program is expressed in that language.

When the CPU executes a program, that program is stored in thecomputer’s main memory (also called the RAM or random accessmemory). In addition to the program, memory can also hold datathat is being used or processed by the program.

COMPUTER


Machine language consists of very simple instructions that can be executed directlyby the CPU of a computer. Almost all programs, though, are written in high-levelprogramming languages such as Java, Pascal, or C++. A program written in a high-level language cannot be run directly on any computer. First, it has to be translatedinto machine language. This translation can be done by a program called a compiler.A compiler takes a high-level-language program and translates it into an executablemachine-language program.

A compiler takes a high-level-language program and translates it into an executablemachine-language program. Once the translation is done, the machine-languageprogram can be run any number of times, but of course it can only be run on onetype of computer (since each type of computer has its own individual machinelanguage).

CPU and MAIN MEMORY


Secondary Memory Devices

Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc.

BINARY NUMBERS


Once information has been digitized, it is represented and stored in

memory using the binary number system

A single binary digit (0 or 1) is called a bit(unit symbol is b)

A byte is 8 bits (unit symbol is B)

Devices that store and move information are cheaper and more reliable if

they have to represent only two states

A single bit can represent two possible states, like a light bulb that is

either on (1) or off (0)

Permutations of bits are used to store values

BINARY NUMBERS


1 bit 2 bits 3 bits 4 bits

0 00 000 0000 1000

1 01 001 0001 1001

10 010 0010 1010

11 011 0011 1011

100 0100 1100

101 0101 1101

110 0110 1110

111 0111 1111

BINARY NUMBERS


In decimal numbers we use 10 digits (0-9) – base 10. Each digit used in a

number has a place value

Example: 8427 = 8*103 + 4*102 + 2*101 + 7*100 = 8000 + 400 +

20 + 7 = 8427

In binary numbers we use 2 digits (0-1). Each digit in a binary number has a

place value but the base is now 2

Example: 1101=1*23 +1*22 +0*21 +1*20 =8+4+0+1 = 13

Using the above definition you convert from binary to decimal.

BINARY NUMBERS


BINARY NUMBERS


BINARY NUMBERS


Storing Information

10011010


COMPUTER ARCHITECTURE


Computer Architecture


OVERVIEW

Coding - Programming

– Coding is what makes it possible for us to create computer software, apps andwebsites.

– Programming is a core activity in the process of performing tasks or solvingproblems with the aid of a computer. An idealized picture is:

[problem or task specification] - COMPUTER - [solution or completed task]

– A program is a set of instructions that tell the computer to do various things;sometimes the instruction it has to perform depends on what happened when itperformed a previous instruction.

– Programming isn't something that you can learn in an hour. But you can begin toappreciate it.


OVERVIEW

C, C++, Objective-C and Java

– The C programming language was developed in the early 1970s. C first gained widespreadrecognition as the development language of the UNIX operating system. C is a hardware-independent language, and, with careful design, it’s possible to write C programs that areportable to most computers.

– C++, developed in the early 1980s, provides several features that “spruce up” the C language,and, more importantly, capabilities for object-oriented programming (OOP).

– The Objective-C programming language, also developed in the early 1980s, added capabilitiesfor object-oriented programming (OOP) to the C programming language. It eventually becamethe software development language for Apple’s Macintosh.

– Microprocessors are having a profound impact in intelligent consumer electronic devices.Recognizing this, Sun Microsystems in 1991 funded an internal corporate research project thatresulted in the development of a C++-based language, which Sun eventually called Java.


OVERVIEW

C#

– In 2000, Microsoft announced the C# (pronounced “C-Sharp”) programming language createdspecifically for the .NET platform. C# has roots in C, C++ and Java. Like Visual Basic, C# isobject oriented and has access to the powerful .NET Framework Class Library—a vast collectionof prebuilt components, enabling you to develop applications quickly.

–C# (pronounced "C sharp") is a simple, modern, object-oriented, and type-safe programminglanguage. It will immediately be familiar to C and C++ programmers. C# combines the highproductivity of Rapid Application Development (RAD) languages and the raw power of C++.

– In 2000, Microsoft announced its .NET initiative (www.microsoft.com/net), a broad new visionfor using the Internet and the web in the development, engineering, distribution and use ofsoftware. Rather than forcing developers to use a single programming language, the .NETinitiative permits developers to create .NET applications in any .NET- compatible language (suchas C#, Visual Basic, and others). Part of the initiative includes Microsoft’s ASP.NET technology,which allows you to create web applications.

– The .NET Framework is at the heart of Microsoft’s .NET strategy. This framework executesapplications, includes the .NET Framework Class Library and provides many other programmingcapabilities that you’ll use to build C# applications.


PROGRAMMING


Problem determination

Analysis

Algorithm

Writing code

Testing

PROBLEM DETERMINATION


Define what to do

Field investigation

Other arguments

ANALYSIS


Program inputs and outputs

Variables that are going to be in the program

Data flow within the program

ALGORITHM


Defines how to do a job

Automates jobs

CODING


Converting the algorithm to a programming language

Realization of the program

Fixing coding errors and bugs

TESTING


Checking whether program produces expected

outputs to given inputs.

Fixing logical errors

Step-by-step investigation of program execution with

using a special program “Debugger”

EXAMPLE


Make an Omelet

PROBLEM DETERMINATION


Determine the phases to make an omelet.

What kind of problems that we may encounter.

What kind of help could we get.

ANALYSIS


Inputs

Egg, oil, salt, spices

Variables

Oven, pan, fork, plate

ALGORITHM


Turn on oven

Put the pan to the oven

Pour some oil to the pan

Break eggs in to the pan

Add salt

Mix

Add spices

Mix

CODING


C# - C++ - Java

Defining variables

C#:

int x = 0;

C++ :

int x = 0;

Java :

int x = 0;

For Loop

C#:

for(int i = 0;i<10;i++)

console.WriteLine(“{0}”,i);

C++ :

for(int i = 0;i<10;i++)

printf(“%d”,i);

Java :

for(int i = 0;i<10;i++)

system.out.println(i);

if-else

C#:

if(nCount<Max)

nCount++;

else

total += nCount;

C++ :

if(nCount<Max)

nCount++;

else

total += nCount;

Java :

if(nCount<Max)

nCount++;

else

total += nCount;

TODAY

VS .Net 2012

First project

MSDN Library


VS .Net 2012

A Microsoft product

IDE (Integrated Development Environment)

Editor + Compiler + Debugger

A program which creates other programs


C# (C Sharp)

• A compiler turns the program that you write into an executable that your computer canactually understand and run.

• A C# program is a collection of commands, which tell the computer to do "something".

• This collection of commands is usually called C# source code, source code or just code.

• Every program in C# has one function, always named main, that is always called when yourprogram first executes.

• From main, you can also call other functions whether they are written by us or, as mentionedearlier, provided by the compiler.

• Following the include is the statement, "using namespace std;". This line tells the compiler touse a group of functions that are part of the standard library (std).

• The next important line is int main(). This line tells the compiler that there is a functionnamed main, and that the function returns an integer, hence int. The "curly braces" ({ and })signal the beginning and end of functions and other code blocks. You can think of them asmeaning BEGIN and END.


How to start VS .Net 2012


VS .Net 2012


Program window

Previously created projects

Creating a new project

Start page

VS .Net 2012


Programming Language

Project Type

Name of the program

Directory in which our project will be created

First Program


Each program requires three important steps to do work. It is Input, Process and Output.It is the basic concept of almost all the programming language. It is also known as I-P-Ocycle. The program requires some input from the user. Next, the program processes theinput with programming language and finally shows the output.

First Program


References

It is used for including C# class library. C# has huge collection of classes and objects.If you want to use those classes then you will have to include their library name in your program.

First Program


References

Namespace

First Program


References

Namespace

Class

First Program


References

Namespace

Class

Main

A C# console application must contain a Main method, in which control starts and ends. The Main method is where you create objects and execute other methods.

static void Main(string[] args){

//...}

or

static int Main(string[] args){

//...return 0;

}

First Program


Every opening bracketshould have an closing one.

We write ourcodes withinthese brackets

First Program


Main

Print to screen

Print current date and time to screen

“;” Semicolon: end of statement

Comments

Building the Project


Hint: Just press F6 key to build a project.

Build menu item

Executing the Program


Hint: Just press F5 key to execute a program.

“Run” menu item

Program Output


LINKS

• http://mfidan.home.anadolu.edu.tr

• http://www.cprogramming.com

• http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/vstudio/

• https://www.acikakademi.com/portal/default.aspx

• Smartphone Application: Learn C# (by Sololearn Inc.) (Available for both Android and Apple)


http://www.cprogramming.com

http://www.cprogramming.com

http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/vstudio/

https://www.acikakademi.com/portal/default.aspx

Documents

Advanced Computer Programming°L255/icerik/Week1.pdf · programming languages such as Java, Pascal, or C++. ... Advanced Computer Programming. How to start VS .Net2012 Advanced Computer