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ADVANCED CHILD PSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY

REFERENCES (MAY 2013)

GENERAL REFERENCES: Textbooks:

• Bezchlibnyk-Butler KZ, Virani AS eds. (2007), Clinical Handbook of Psychotropic Drugs for Children and Adolescents. 2nd revised and expanded ed. Cambridge, MA: Hogrefe & Humber Publishers

• Connor DF, Meltzer BM (2006), Pediatric Psychopharmacology: Fast Facts. New York, NY: W.W. Norton & Company

• Findling RL ed (2013), Clinical Manual of Child and Adolescent Psychopharmacology. 2nd ed. Arlington, VA: American Psychiatric Publishing, Inc.

• Green WH (2006), Child & Adolescent Clinical Psychopharmacology. 4th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins

• Martin A, Scahill L, Kratochvil C eds. (2011), Pediatric Psychopharmacology: Principles and Practice. 2nd ed. New York, NY: Oxford University Press

• Martin A, Volkmar FR eds. (2007), Lewis's Child and Adolescent Psychiatry: A Comprehensive Textbook. 4th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins

• Sadock BJ, Sadock VA, Ruiz P eds. (2009), Comprehensive Textbook of Psychiatry. 9th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins

Journals

• Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Note that JAACAP has published a wide range of practice parameters: www.aacap.org/cs/root/member_information/practice_information/practice_parameters/practice_parameters

• Journal of the Canadian Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry

• Journal of Child and Adolescent Psychopharmacology For Families and Teachers:

• Dulcan MK ed. (2006), Helping Parents, Youth, and Teachers Understand Medications for Behavioral and Emotional Problems: A Resource Book of Medication Information Handouts. 3rd ed. Arlington, VA: American Psychiatric Publishing, Inc

• Wilens TE (2009), Straight Talk About Psychiatric Medications For Kids. 3rd ed. New York: The Guilford Press.

©Daniel Gorman, Amy Cheung, John Langley, Elia Abi-Jaoude 2013

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REFERENCES FOR SEMINARS: Introductory Seminar: “Kids Aren’t Little Adults”

• Credibility crisis in pediatric psychiatry (editorial, no authors given). Nat Neurosci 2008; 11:983.

• Albert PR. Drugs for kids: good or bad? J Psychiatry Neurosci 2012; 37:293-5.

• American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry. AACAP official action. Practice parameters for the use of psychotropic medications in children and adolescents. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2009; 48:967-73.

• Angell M. Drug companies & doctors: a story of corruption. The New York Review of books, January 15, 2009.

• Carlat D. Mind Over Meds. New York Times Magazine, April 19, 2010.

• Correll CU, Carlson HE. Endocrine and metabolic adverse effects of psychotropic medications in children and adolescents. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2006; 45:771-91.

Correll CU, Kratochvil CJ, March JS. Developments in pediatric psychopharmacology: focus on stimulants, antidepressants, and antipsychotics. J Clin Psychiatry 2011;72:655-70. (Read for second introductory seminar.)

• Cowen PJ. Has psychopharmacology got a future? British J Psychiatry 2011; 198:333-5.

• Ghaemi SN. Toward a Hippocratic psychopharmacology. Can J Psychiatry 2008;53:189-96.

• Pescosolido BA, Perry BL, Martin JK, McLeod JD, Jensen PS: Stigmatizing attitudes and beliefs about treatment and psychiatric medications for children with mental illness. Psychiatr Serv 2007; 58:613-8.

• Pichini S, Papaseit E, Joya X, Vall O, Farre M, Garcia-Algar O, et al. Pharmacokinetics and therapeutic drug monitoring of psychotropic drugs in pediatrics. Ther Drug Monit 2009; 31:283-318.

• Smoller JW: The etiology and treatment of childhood. www.pfc.org.uk/node/595 1998. (Read for first introductory seminar.)

• Vitiello B. Developmental aspects of pediatric psychopharmacology. In: Findling RL, ed. Clinical Manual of Child and Adolescent Psychopharmacology. Arlington, VA: American Psychiatric Publishing, Inc; 2008: 1-31.

©Daniel Gorman, Amy Cheung, John Langley, Elia Abi-Jaoude 2013

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Commerical Bias in Psychiatry Literature and Practice Spielmans, G. I. & Parry, P. I. (2010). From Evidence-based Medicine to

Marketing-based Medicine: Evidence from Internal Industry Documents. Journal of Bioethical Inquiry, 7, 13-29.

• Stamatakis, E., Weiler, R., & Ioannidis, J. P. A. (2013). Undue industry influences that distort healthcare research, strategy, expenditure and practice: a review. European journal of clinical investigation, 43(5), 469–475

• Goldacre, B. (2012, September 21). The drugs don’t work: a modern medical scandal. The Guardian

• Kendall, T. (2011). The rise and fall of the atypical antipsychotics. The British journal of psychiatry: the journal of mental science, 199(4), 266–268

• Moncrieff, J., & Timimi, S. (2013). The social and cultural construction of psychiatric knowledge: an analysis of NICE guidelines on depression and ADHD. Anthropology & medicine, 20(1), 59–71

• Prasad, V., Cifu, A., & Ioannidis, J. P. A. (2012). Reversals of established medical practices: evidence to abandon ship. JAMA: the journal of the American Medical Association, 307(1), 37–38

• Sackett, D. L., Oxman, A. D., & HARLOT plc. (2003). HARLOT plc: an amalgamation of the world’s two oldest professions. BMJ (Clinical research ed.), 327(7429), 1442–1445

• Seife, C. (2012). Is drug research trustworthy? The pharmaceutical industry funnels money to prominent scientists who are doing research that affects its products--and nobody can stop it. Scientific American, 307(6), 56–63

Mitigating Commercial Bias in Literature Evaluation and Professional Development Keller, M. B., Ryan, N. D., Strober, M., Klein, R. G., Kutcher, S. P., Birmaher, B. et

al. (2001). Efficacy of paroxetine in the treatment of adolescent major depression: a randomized, controlled trial. J Am Acad.Child Adolesc.Psychiatry, 40, 762-772.

• Jureidini, J. N., McHenry, L. B., & Mansfield, P. R. (2008). Clinical trials and drug promotion: Selective reporting of study 329. International Journal of Risk & Safety in Medicine, 20, 73-81

• Ghaemi, S. N. (2009). A Clinician’s Guide to Statistics and Epidemiology in Mental Health: Measuring Truth and Uncertainty (1st ed.). Cambridge University Press

• Greenhalgh, T. (2010). How to Read a Paper: The Basics of Evidence-Based Medicine (4th ed.). BMJ Books

• Moncrieff, J. & Cohen, D. (2009). How do psychiatric drugs work? BMJ, 338, b1963

• Prasad, V. (2012). Holiday reading: The facts are the facts. CMAJ: Canadian Medical Association journal, 184(18), 2029–2030

©Daniel Gorman, Amy Cheung, John Langley, Elia Abi-Jaoude 2013

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• Safer, D. J. (2002). Design and reporting modifications in industry-sponsored comparative psychopharmacology trials. The Journal of nervous and mental disease, 190(9), 583–592

Mitigating Commercial Bias in Clinical Practice Schiff, G. D., Galanter, W. L., Duhig, J., Lodolce, A. E., Koronkowski, M. J., &

Lambert, B. L. (2011). Principles of conservative prescribing. Archives of Internal Medicine, 171, 1433-1440.

Paris, J. (2012, April 4). Over-prescribing: a worrisome trend. The Montreal Gazette

• Ghaemi, S. N. (2008). Toward a Hippocratic psychopharmacology. Canadian journal of psychiatry. Revue canadienne de psychiatrie, 53(3), 189–196

• Bracken, P., Thomas, P., Timimi, S., Asen, E., Behr, G., Beuster, C., … Yeomans, D. (2012). Psychiatry beyond the current paradigm. The British journal of psychiatry: the journal of mental science, 201(6), 430–434

• Brooks, D. (2013, May 27). Heroes of Uncertainty. The New York Times

Stimulants

• Batra AS, Alexander ME, Silka MJ. Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, stimulant therapy, and the patient with congenital heart disease: evidence and reason. Pediatr Cardiol 2012; 33:394-401.

• Bélanger SA, Warren AE, Hamilton RM, Gray C, Gow RM, Sanatani S, et al. Cardiac risk assessment before the use of stimulant medications in children and youth. Paediatr Child Health 2009; 14:579-92.

• Cooper WO, Habel LA, Sox CM, Chan KA, Arbogast PG, Cheetham TC, et al. ADHD drugs and serious cardiovascular events in children and young adults. N Engl J Med 2011; 365:1896-904.

• Gould MS, Walsh BT, Munfakh JL, Kleinman M, Duan N, Olfson M, et al. Sudden Death and Use of Stimulant Medications in Youths. Am J Psychiatry 2009; 166:992-1001.

• Greenhill LL, Pliszka S, Dulcan MK, Bernet W, Arnold V, Beitchman J, et al. Practice parameter for the use of stimulant medications in the treatment of children, adolescents, and adults. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2002; 41(2 Suppl):26S-49S.

• Molina BS, Hinshaw SP, Swanson JM, Arnold LE, Vitiello B, Jensen PS, et al. The MTA at 8 years: prospective follow-up of children treated for combined-type ADHD in a multisite study. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2009; 48:484-500.

• Mosholder AD, Gelperin K, Hammad TA, Phelan K, Johann-Liang R. Hallucinations and other psychotic symptoms associated with the use of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder drugs in children. Pediatrics 2009; 123:611-6.

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The MTA Cooperative Group: A 14-month randomized clinical trial of treatment strategies for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Arch Gen Psychiatry 1999; 56:1073-86. (Read for first seminar on Stimulants.)

• Murray DW, Arnold LE, Swanson J, Wells K, Burns K, Jensen P, et al. A clinical review of outcomes of the multimodal treatment study of children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (MTA). Curr Psychiatry Rep 2008; 10:424-3.

• Perrin JM, Friedman RA, Knilans TK. Cardiovascular monitoring and stimulant drugs for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Pediatrics 2008; 122:451-3.

Pliszka SR, AACAP Work Group on Quality Issues. AACAP Practice parameter for the assessment and treatment of children and adolescents with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2007; 46:894-921. (Read for second seminar on Stimulants, focusing on pp. 904-916.)

• Poulton A: Long-term outcomes of stimulant medication in attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder. Expert Rev Neurother 2006; 6(4):551-61

• Vetter VL, Elia J, Erickson C, Berger S, Blum N, Uzark K, et al. Cardiovascular monitoring of children and adolescents with heart disease receiving medications for attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder [corrected]: a scientific statement from the American Heart Association Council on Cardiovascular Disease in the Young Congenital Cardiac Defects Committee and the Council on Cardiovascular Nursing. Circulation 2008; 117:2407-23.

• Vitiello B. Understanding the risk of using medications for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder with respect to physical growth and cardiovascular function. Child Adolesc Psychiatr Clin N Am 2008; 17:459-74.

Atomoxetine & Clonidine Daughton JM, Kratochvil CJ. Review of ADHD pharmacotherapies: advantages,

disadvantages, and clinical pearls. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2009; 48:240-8.

• Daviss WB, Patel NC, Robb AS, McDermott MP, Bukstein OG, Pelham WE, Jr., et al. Clonidine for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: II. ECG changes and adverse events analysis. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2008; 47:189-98.

• Garnock-Jones KP, Keating GM. Atomoxetine: a review of its use in attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder in children and adolescents. Paediatr Drugs 2009; 11:203-26.

• Palumbo DR, Sallee FR, Pelham WE, Jr., Bukstein OG, Daviss WB, McDermott MP. Clonidine for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: I. Efficacy and tolerability outcomes. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2008; 47:180-8.

• Scahill L. Alpha-2 adrenergic agonists in children with inattention, hyperactivity and impulsiveness. CNS Drugs 2009; 23 (Suppl 1):43-9.

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• The Tourette’s Syndrome Study Group: Treatment of ADHD in children with tics: a randomized controlled trial. Neurology 2002; 58:527-36.

• Wilens TE, Spencer TJ, Swanson JM, Connor DF, Cantwell D. Combining methylphenidate and clonidine: a debate forum. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 1999; 38:614-9; discussion 619-22.

Antipsychotics

• Agid, O, Remington G, Kapur S, Zipursky RB. Early use of clozapine for poorly responding first-episode psychosis. J Clin Psychopharmacol 2007 August;27:369–373

• Armenteros JL, Davies M: Antipsychotics in early onset Schizophrenia: Systematic review and meta-analysis. Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2006; 15(3):141-8

• Correll CU: Weight gain and metabolic effects of mood stabilizers and antipsychotics in pediatric bipolar disorder: a systematic review and pooled analysis of short-term trials. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2007; 46(6):687-700

• Correll CU. Antipsychotic use in children and adolescents: minimizing adverse effects to maximize outcomes. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry2008 Jan;47(1):9-20

• Correll CU, Sheridan EM, DelBello MP. Antipsychotic and mood stabilizer efficacy and tolerability in pediatric and adult patients with bipolar I mania; a comparative analysis of acute, randomized, placebo-controlled trials. Bipolar Disorder 2010;12:116-141

• Correll CU, Manu P, Olshanskiy V, Napolitano B, Kane JM, Malhotra AK. Cardiometabolic risk of second-generation antipsychotic medications during first-time use in children and adolescents. JAMA 2009 Oct 28;302(16):1765-73

• Crossley N, Constante M, McGuire P, Power P. Efficacy of atypical v. typical antipsychotics in the treatment of early psychosis: meta-analysis. BJP 2010; 196:434-43

• Findling RL, McKenna K, Earley W, Stankowski M, Pathak S. Efficacy and Safety of Quetiapine in Adolescents with Schizophrenia Investigated in a 6-Week, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial. Journal Of Child And Adolescent Psychopharmacology 2012; 22(5): 327-342

• Findling RL, Johnson JL, McClellan J, FrazierJA, Vitiello B, et al. Double-Blind

Maintenance Safety and Effectiveness Findings From the Treatment of Early-Onset Schizophrenia Spectrum (TEOSS) Study. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2010 June 49(6):583-594

©Daniel Gorman, Amy Cheung, John Langley, Elia Abi-Jaoude 2013

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Geller B, Luby J, Joshi P, Wagner K, Emslie G, Walkup J et al. A Randomized Controlled Trial of Risperidone, Lithium, or Divalproex Sodium for Initial Treatment of Bipolar I Disorder, Manic or Mixed Phase, in Children and Adolescents. Arch Gen Psychiatry 2012;69(5):515-528. (Read for second seminar on antipsychotics)

• Gogtay N, Rapoport J. Clozapine use in children and adolescents. Expert Opin. Pharmacother 2008;9(3):459-465

• Greenaway M, Elbe D. Focus on Aripiprazole: A Review of its use in Child and Adolescent Psychiatry. J Can Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2009 Aug;18(3):250-60

• Haas M, Unis AS, Armenteros J, et al. A 6-week, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study of the efficacy and safety of risperidone in adolescents with schizophrenia. J Child Adolesc Psychopharmacol 2009; 19:611– 621.

• Hassler F, Reis O. Phamracotherapy of disruptive behaviour in mentally retarded subjects: A review of the current literature. Dev Disabil Res Rev 2010; 16:265-272

• Hilt RJ, Woodward TA. Agitation treatment for pediatric emergency patients. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry2008 Feb;47(2):132-8.

• Kane J, Honigfeld G, Singer J, Meltzer H. Clozapine for the treatment-resistant schizophrenic. A double-blind comparison with chlorpromazine. Arch Gen Psychiatry 1988 Sept; 45:789-796

• Kowatch RA, Fristad M, Birmaher B, Wagner KD, Findling RL, Hellander M, et al. Treatment guidelines for children and adolescents with bipolar disorder. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2005 Mar;44(3):213-35.

• Kumra S, Oberstar JV, Sikich L, Findling RL, McClellan JM, Vinogradov S, et al. Efficacy and tolerability of second-generation antipsychotics in children and adolescents with schizophrenia. Schizophr Bull2008 Jan;34(1):60-71

• Leibenluft E. Severe Mood Dysregulation, Irritability, and the Diagnostic Boundaries of Bipolar Disorder in Youth. Am J Psychiatry 2011 Feb;168(2):129-142

• Loy JH, Merry SN, Hetrick SE, Stasiak K. Atypical antipsychotics for disruptive behaviour disorders in children and youths (Review). The Cochrane Library 2012; 9

• Malone RP, Waheed A. The role of antipsychotics in the management of behavioural symptoms in children and adolescents with autism. Drugs 2009;69(5):535-548

• Pathak S, Findling R, Earley W, Acevedo L, Stankowski J, DelBelloM. Efficacy and Safety of Quetiapine in Children and Adolescents With Mania Associated With Bipolar I Disorder: A 3-Week, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial. J Clin Psychiatry 2013; 74(1): 101-109

©Daniel Gorman, Amy Cheung, John Langley, Elia Abi-Jaoude 2013

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Pringsheim T, Panagiotopoulos C, Davidson J, Ho J. Evidence-Based Recommendations for Monitoring Safety of Second Generation Antipsychotics in Children and Youth. The Canadian Alliance for Monitoring Effectiveness and Safety of Antipsychotics in Children (CAMESA) Guideline Project. J Can Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2011 August; 20(3): 218-233. (Read for second seminar on antipsychotics)

• Robb AS. Managing irritability and aggression in autism spectrum disorders in children and adolescents. Dev Disabil Res Rev 2010;16:258-264

• Seida J, Schouten J, Boylan K, Newton A, Mousavi S, Beaith A et al. Antipsychotics for Children and Young Adults: A Comparative Effectiveness Review. Pediatrics February 20, 2012; DOI: 10.1542/peds.2011-2158

• Singh J, Robb A, Vijapurkar U, Nuamah I, Hough D. A Randomized, Double-Blind Study of Paliperidone Extended-Release in Treatment of Acute Schizophrenia in Adolescents. Biol Psychiatry 2011;70:1179–1187

Sikich L, Frazier JA, McClellan J, Findling RL, Vitiello B, Ritz L, et al. Double-blind comparison of first- and second-generation antipsychotics in early-onset schizophrenia and schizo-affective disorder: findings from the treatment of early-onset schizophrenia spectrum disorders (TEOSS) study. Am J Psychiatry 2008 Nov;165(11):1420-31. (Read for first seminar on antipsychotics)

• Tarr G, Glue P, Herbison P. Comparative efficacy and acceptability of mood stabilizer and second generation antipsychotic monotherapy for acute mania — A systematic review and meta-analysis. Journal of Affective Disorders 2011;134:14–19

SSRIs

• Brent D, Emslie G, Clarke G, Wagner KD, Asarnow JR, Keller M, et al. Switching to another SSRI or to venlafaxine with or without cognitive behavioral therapy for adolescents with SSRI-resistant depression: the TORDIA randomized controlled trial. JAMA2008 Feb 27;299(8):901-13.

• Bridge JA, Iyengar S, Salary CB, Barbe RP, Birmaher B, Pincus HA, Ren L, Brent DA: Clinical response and risk for reported suicidal ideation and suicide attempts in pediatric antidepressant treatment: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. JAMA 2007; 297(15):1683-96

• Cheung AH, Emslie GJ, Mayes TL: The use of antidepressants to treat depression in children and adolescents. CMAJ 2006; 174(2):193-200

• Compton SN, Kratochvil CJ, March JS. Pharmacotherapy for anxiety disorders in children and adolescents: an evidence-based medicine review. Pediatr Ann 594-8, 2007 Sep;36(9):586-90.

• Goodyer I, Dubicka B, Wilkinson P, Kelvin R, Roberts C, Byford S, et al. Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) and routine specialist care with and without cognitive behaviour therapy in adolescents with major depression: randomised controlled trial. BMJ2007 Jul 21;335(7611):142

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• Jureidini JN, McHenry LB. Key opinion leaders and paediatric antidepressant overprescribing. Psychother Psychosom2009;78(4):197-201

• Kutcher S, Gardner DM. Use of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors and youth suicide: making sense from a confusing story. Curr Opin Psychiatry2008 Jan;21(1):65-9.

March J, Silva S, Petrycki S, Curry J, Wells K, Fairbank J, Burns B, Domino M, McNulty S, Vitiello B, Severe J: Fluoxetine, cognitive-behavioral therapy, and their combination for adolescents with depression: Treatment for Adolescents With Depression Study (TADS) randomized controlled trial. JAMA 2004; 292(7):807-20 (Read for first seminar on SSRIs)

• Murphy TK, Segarra A, Storch EA, Goodman WK. SSRI adverse events: how to monitor and manage. Int Rev Psychiatry2008 Apr;20(2):203-8

• The POTS Team: Cognitive-behavior therapy, sertraline, and their combination for children and adolescents with obsessive-compulsive disorder: the Pediatric OCD Treatment Study (POTS) randomized controlled trial. JAMA 2004; 292(16):1969-76

• Tsapakis EM, Soldani F, Tondo L, Baldessarini RJ. Efficacy of antidepressants in juvenile depression: meta-analysis. Br J Psychiatry2008 Jul;193(1):10-7

• Vitiello B. Recent NIMH clinical trials and implications for practice. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry2008 Dec;47(12):1369-74.

• Vitiello B, Brent DA, Greenhill LL, Emslie G, Wells K, Walkup JT, Stanley B, Bukstein O, Kennard BD, Compton S, Coffey B, Cwik MF, Posner K, Wagner A, March JS, Riddle M, Goldstein T, Curry J, Capasso L, Mayes T, Shen S, Gugga SS, Turner JB, Barnett S, Zelazny J. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry, 2009 Oct; 48(10):997-1004. Epub 2009 Sep 30

Walkup JT, Albano AM, Piacentini J, Birmaher B, Compton SN, Sherrill JT, et al. Cognitive behavioral therapy, sertraline, or a combination in childhood anxiety. N Engl J Med2008 Dec 25;359(26):2753-66. (Read for second seminar on SSRIs)

• Watson HJ, Rees CS. Meta-analysis of randomized, controlled treatment trials for pediatric obsessive-compulsive disorder. J Child Psychol Psychiatry2008 May;49(5):489-98.

Venlafaxine, Bupropion, Mirtazapine Brent D, Emslie G, Clarke G, Wagner KD, Asarnow JR, Keller M, et al. Switching

to another SSRI or to venlafaxine with or without cognitive behavioral therapy for adolescents with SSRI-resistant depression: the TORDIA randomized controlled trial. JAMA2008 Feb 27;299(8):901-13.

• Carlat D. Dr. Drug Rep. New York Times Magazine 2007:64-9.

• Emslie GJ, Findling RL, Yeung PP, Kunz NR, Li Y: Venlafaxine ER for the treatment of pediatric subjects with depression: results of two placebo-controlled trials. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2007; 46(4):479-88

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• March JS, Entusah AR, Rynn M, Albano AM, Tourian KA. A Randomized controlled trial of venlafaxine ER versus placebo in pediatric social anxiety disorder. Biol Psychiatry2007 Nov 15;62(10):1149-54.

• Rynn MA, Riddle MA, Yeung PP, Kunz NR: Efficacy and safety of extended-release venlafaxine in the treatment of generalized anxiety disorder in children and adolescents: two placebo-controlled trials. Am J Psychiatry 2007; 164(2):290-300

Lithium

• Barzman DH, Findling RL. Pharmacological treatment of pathologic aggression in children. Int Rev Psychiatry2008 Apr;20(2):151-7

• Blader JC. Another Look at the Treatment of Early-Age Mania (TEAM) Trial. Comment in J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2013 February:52(2): 205-206

• Correll CU. Weight gain and metabolic effects of mood stabilizers and antipsychotics in pediatric bipolar disorder: a systematic review and pooled analysis of short-term trials. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2007; 46(6):687-700

• Correll CU, Sheridan EM, DelBello MP: Antipsychotic and mood stabilizer efficacy and tolerability in pediatric and adult patients with bipolar I mania: a comparative analysis of acute, randomized, placebo-controlled trials, Bipolar Disord 2010; 12: 116-141

• Findling RL, Kafantaris V, Pavuluri M, McNamara NK, McClellan J, Frazier JA et al. Dosing Strategies for Lithium Monotherapy in Children and Adolescents with Bipolar I Disorder. J Child Adolesc Psychopharm 2011;21(3):195-205

• Geller B, Cooper TB, Sun K, Zimerman B, Frazier J, Williams M, Heath J: Double-blind and placebo-controlled study of lithium for adolescent bipolar disorders with secondary substance dependency. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 1998; 37(2):171-8

• Geller B, Luby J, Joshi P, Wagner K, Emslie G, Walkup J et al. A Randomized Controlled Trial of Risperidone, Lithium, or Divalproex Sodium for Initial Treatment of Bipolar I Disorder, Manic or Mixed Phase, in Children and Adolescents. Arch Gen Psychiatry 2012;69(5):515-528.

• Hall RC, Perl M, Pfefferbaum, B. Lithium Therapy and Toxicity. Am Fam Physician 1979 April 19(4):133-139.

• Kowatch RA, Fristad M, Birmaher B, Wagner KD, Findling RL, Hellander M: Treatment guidelines for children and adolescents with bipolar disorder. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2005; 44(3):213-35

©Daniel Gorman, Amy Cheung, John Langley, Elia Abi-Jaoude 2013

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Liu HY, Potter MP, Woodworth KY, Yorks DM, Petty CR, Wozniak JR et al. Pharmacologic Treatments for Pediatric Bipolar Disorder: A Review and Meta-Analysis. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2011 August;50(8);749-762.e39

Washburn JJ, West AE, Heil JA. Treatment of Pediatric Bipolar Disorder: A Review. Minerva Psichiatr 2011 March; 52(1): 21-35

Anticonvulsants

• Azorin JM, Findling RL. Valproate use in children and adolescents with bipolar disorder. CNS Drugs2007;21(12):1019-33.

• Biederman J, Joshi G. Mick E, Doyle R, Georgiopouls A, Hammerness P, Kotarski M, Williams C, Wozniak j. A prospective open-label trail of lamotrigine monotherapy in children and adolescents with bipolar disorder. CNS Neuroscience & Therapeutics 2010; 16:91-102

• Chang K, Saxena K, Howe M. An open-label study of lamotrigine adjunct or monotherapy for the treatment of adolescents with bipolar depression. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry2006 Mar;45(3):298-304Correll CU, Sheridan EM, DelBello MP: Antipsychotic and mood stabilizer efficacy and tolerability in pediatric and adult patients with bipolar I mania: a comparative analysis of acute, randomized, placebo-controlled trials, Bipolar Disord 2010; 12: 116-141

• Correll CU: Weight gain and metabolic effects of mood stabilizers and antipsychotics in pediatric bipolar disorder: a systematic review and pooled analysis of short-term trials. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2007; 46(6):687-700

• Geller B, Luby J, Joshi P, Wagner K, Emslie G, Walkup J et al. A Randomized Controlled Trial of Risperidone, Lithium, or Divalproex Sodium for Initial Treatment of Bipolar I Disorder, Manic or Mixed Phase, in Children and Adolescents. Arch Gen Psychiatry 2012;69(5):515-528.

• Haddad PM, Das A, Ashfaq M, Wieck A. A review of valproate in psychiatric practice. Expert opin Drug Metab Toxicol 2009; 5(5): 539-551

• Hamrin V, DeSanto Iennaco, J. Psychopharmacology of pediatric bipolar disorder. Expert Rev Neurother 2010; 10(7), 1053-1088

• Joshi G, Wozniak J, Mick E, Doyle R, Hammerness P, Geogiopolous A, Kotarski M, Aleardi M, Williams C, Walls S, Biederman J. A prospective open label trial of extended-release carbamazepine monotherapy in children with bipolar disorder. J of Child and Adolesc Psychopharm 2010; 20(1):7-14

• Leon AC, Solomon DA, Li C, Fiedorowicz JG, Coryell WH, Endicott J, Keller MB. Antiepileptic Drugs for Bipolar Disorder and the Risk of Suicidal Behavior: A 30-Year Observational Study Am J Psychiatry 2012 March169(3):285-291

• Levi N, Bastuji-Garin S, Mockenhaupt M, Roujeau JC, Flahault A, Kelly JP et al. Medications as risk factors of Stevens-Johnson syndrome and toxic epidermal necrolysis in children: a pooled analysis. Pediatrics 2009 Feb;123(2):e297-304

©Daniel Gorman, Amy Cheung, John Langley, Elia Abi-Jaoude 2013

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Liu HY, Potter MP, Woodworth KY, Yorks DM, Petty CR, Wozniak JR et al. Pharmacologic Treatments for Pediatric Bipolar Disorder: A Review and Meta-Analysis. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2011 August;50(8);749-762.e39

• Wagner KD, Kowatch RA, Emslie GJ, Findling RL, Wilens TE, McCague K, et al. A double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial of oxcarbazepine in the treatment of bipolar disorder in children and adolescents. Am J Psychiatry2006 Jul;163(7):1179-86.

• Wagner KD, Redden L, Kowatch RA, Wilens TE, Segal S, Chang K, Wozniak P, Vigna NV, Abi-Saab W, Saltarelli M. A double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of divalproex extended-release in the treatment of bipolar disorder in children and adolescents. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2009; 48(5):519-532

• Washburn JJ, West AE, Heil JA. Treatment of Pediatric Bipolar Disorder: A Review. Minerva Psichiatr 2011 March; 52(1): 21-35

Placebo

• Bridge JA, Birmaher B, Iyengar S, Barbe RP, Brent DA. Placebo response in randomized controlled trials of antidepressants for pediatric major depressive disorder. Am J Psychiatry 2009; 166:42-9.

• Rutherford BR, Sneed JR, Tandler JM, Rindskopf D, Peterson BS, Roose SP. Deconstructing pediatric depression trials: an analysis of the effects of expectancy and therapeutic contact. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2011; 50:782-95.

• Newcorn JH, Sutton VK, Zhang S, Wilens T, Kratochvil C, Emslie GJ, et al. Characteristics of placebo responders in pediatric clinical trials of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2009; 48:1165-72.

Parellada M, Moreno C, Moreno M, Espliego A, de Portugal E, Arango C. Placebo effect in child and adolescent psychiatric trials. Eur Neuropsychopharmacol 2012; 22:787-99.

• Waschbusch DA, Pelham WE Jr, Waxmonsky J, Johnston C. Are there placebo effects in the medication treatment of children with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder? J Dev Behav Pediatr 2009; 30:158-68.

The Psychology of Psychopharmacology

• Cabaniss DL: Shifting gears: The challenge to teach students to think psychodynamically and pharmacologically at the same time. Psychoanal Inquiry 1998; 18(5): 639-656.

Chubinsky P, Hojman H. Psychodynamic perspectives on psychotropic medications for children and adolescents. Child Adolesc Psychiatric Clin N Am 2013; 22:351-66.

• Mallo CJ, Mintz DL. Teaching all the evidence bases: reintegrating psychodynamic aspects of prescribing into psychopharmacology training. Psychodyn Psychiatry 2013; 41:13-37.

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• Mintz DL. Psychodynamic Trojan Horses: using psychopharmacology to teach psychodynamics. J Am Acad Psychoanal Dyn Psychiatr 2006; 34:151-61.

• Mintz DL. Teaching the prescriber's role: the psychology of psychopharmacology. Acad Psychiatry 2005; 29:187-94.

• Mintz DL, Flynn DF. How (not what) to prescribe: nonpharmacologic aspects of psychopharmacology. Psychiatr Clin North Am 2012; 35:143-63.

• Pruett KD, Joshi SV, Martin A. Thinking about prescribing: the psychology of psychopharmacology. In: Martin A, Scahill L, Kratochvil C eds. Pediatric Psychopharmacology: Principles and Practice. 2nd ed. New York, NY: Oxford University Press; 2011:422-33.

Psychopharmacology in Autism Spectrum Disorders • Aman MG, McDougle CJ, Scahill L, Handen B, Arnold LE, Johnson C, et al.; Research

Units on Pediatric Psychopharmacology Autism Network. Medication and parent training in children with pervasive developmental disorders and serious behavior problems: results from a randomized clinical trial. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2009; 48:1143-54.

• Carrasco M, Volkmar FR, Bloch MH. Pharmacologic treatment of repetitive behaviors in

autism spectrum disorders: evidence of publication bias. Pediatrics 2012; 129:e1301-10. • Elbe D, Lalani Z. Review of the pharmacotherapy of irritability of autism. J Can Acad Child

Adolesc Psychiatry 2012; 21:130-46. • Handen BL, Taylor J, Tumuluru R. Psychopharmacological treatment of ADHD symptoms

in children with autism spectrum disorder. Int J Adolesc Med Health 2011; 23:167-73. • Harfterkamp M, van de Loo-Neus G, Minderaa RB, van der Gaag RJ, Escobar R, Schacht A,

et al. A randomized double-blind study of atomoxetine versus placebo for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder symptoms in children with autism spectrum disorder. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2012; 51:733-41.

Kaplan G, McCracken JT. Psychopharmacology of autism spectrum disorders. Pediatr

Clin North Am 2012; 59:175-87. • King BH, Hollander E, Sikich L, McCracken JT, Scahill L, Bregman JD, et al.; STAART

Psychopharmacology Network. Lack of efficacy of citalopram in children with autism spectrum disorders and high levels of repetitive behavior: citalopram ineffective in children with autism. Arch Gen Psychiatry 2009; 66:583-90.

©Daniel Gorman, Amy Cheung, John Langley, Elia Abi-Jaoude 2013

= required reading = suggested reading 14

• Marcus RN, Owen R, Kamen L, Manos G, McQuade RD, Carson WH, et al. A placebo-controlled, fixed-dose study of aripiprazole in children and adolescents with irritability associated with autistic disorder. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2009; 48:1110-9.

• McCracken JT, McGough J, Shah B, Cronin P, Hong D, Aman MG, et al.; Research Units on

Pediatric Psychopharmacology Autism Network. Risperidone in children with autism and serious behavioral problems. N Engl J Med 2002; 347:314-21.

• Research Units on Pediatric Psychopharmacology Autism Network. Randomized, controlled,

crossover trial of methylphenidate in pervasive developmental disorders with hyperactivity. Arch Gen Psychiatry 2005; 62:1266-74.

• Williams K, Wheeler DM, Silove N, Hazell P. Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors

(SSRIs) for autism spectrum disorders (ASD). Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2010; Issue 8. Art. No.: CD004677.

Appendix

• Delbello MP, Findling RL, Kushner S, Wang D, Olson WH, Capece JA, et al. A pilot controlled trial of topiramate for mania in children and adolescents with bipolar disorder. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2005; 44:539-47.

• Geller B, Reising D, Leonard HL, Riddle MA, Walsh BT. Critical review of tricyclic antidepressant use in children and adolescents. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry1999; 38:513-6.

• Grady MM, Stahl SM. Practical guide for prescribing MAOIs: debunking myths and removing barriers. CNS Spectr 2012; 17:2-10.

• Hilt RJ, Woodward TA. Agitation treatment for pediatric emergency patients. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2008; 47:132-8.

• Mancuso CE, Tanzi MG, Gabay M: Paradoxical reactions to benzodiazepines: literature review and treatment options. Pharmacotherapy 2004; 24:1177-85.

• Witek MW, Rojas V, Alonso C, Minami H, Silva RR: Review of benzodiazepine use in children and adolescents. Psychiatr Q 2005; 76:283-96.

• Wigal SB, Biederman J, Swanson JM, Yang R, Greenhill LL. Efficacy and safety of modafinil film-coated tablets in children and adolescents with or without prior stimulant treatment for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: pooled analysis of 3 randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled studies. Prim Care Companion J Clin Psychiatry 2006; 8:352-60.

©Daniel Gorman, Amy Cheung, John Langley, Elia Abi-Jaoude 2013