Adsorption - kau · Bench Top Cooling Tower H893 Introduction Reproduces all the processes that are found in an industrial system serviced by a forced draught cooling tower. The unit

King Abdulaziz University

Faculty of Engineering, Rabigh

Dep. of Chemical & Mat. Engineering

Adsorption

Objectives

• Adsorption process under different operational conditions:

temperature, flow rates and molar fraction

• Concentration profiles and breakthrough curves during adsorption

Breakthrough curves

The adsorption capacity of the bed

decreases over time. The MTZ migrates

and once the MTZ has migrated entirely

through the fixed bed, breakthrough

occurs. The adsorbent cannot bond any

more adsorbate over the entire height of

the fixed bed.

The shape of breakthough curves

characterizes the sorption behaviour.

These curves are used to design fixed bed

adsorbers.

1. concentrated adsorbate soln, 2. treated

water, 3. metering pump, 4. treated water

pump, 5. raw water, 6. adsorber, 7. safety

adsorber Procedure

1. Check that a hose is connected to the overflow outlet on the treated

water tank B1. Open the regulating valve V15 by turning the knob

counter-clockwise as far as it will go.

2. Open the valve V3 and make sure all other valves are closed.

3. Completely fill the treated water tank B1 with tap water.

4. Fill tank B2 with the concentrated adsorbate solution.

5. Start the circulation pump.

6. Use the potentiometer to adjust the speed of P1 so that it is pumping

at roughly the desired flow rate Q1 (read it from FI).

7. Turn the heater ON and set the desired water temperature and wait

for the desired temperature.

8. Turn the concentrate pump (P2) ON and set a relative stroke length

on the pump P2 of 100%.

9. Set the required frequency on the pump P2 and start it by pressing

the start/stop button

10. After about 15 minutes take a sample from valve V16 and measure

its concentration.

11. Take regular samples from valves V16 and V5 to V14.

12. Check and refill the tank with the same concentration.

Technical Data

Adsorber

• inside diameter: each 60mm

• height: each 600mm

• capacity: each 1700cm³

Tanks

• treated water: 45L

• adsorbate solution: 45L

Circulation pump

• max. flow rate: 180L/h

• max. head: 10m

Metering pump

• max. flow rate: 2.1L/h

• max. head: 160m

Heater

• max. power: 500W

Measuring ranges

• flow rate: 0 - 60L/h

• temperature: 0 - 60°C

• pressure: 0 - 2.5bar

1. raw water, 2. adsorber with sampling

points, 3. treated water, 4. concentration

profile, 5. mass transfer zone (MTZ)




Cyclone Separator

Design of the deviceProcess Description

The air enters the device through the air inlet filter

(7). The volume flow of the air is adjusted using

gate valve . The feed material is conveyed out of

the feed material tank (3) by a feed unit ( and

enters the air flow via the brush (5). Feed material

and air form the raw gas that enters the gas cyclone

(1). There, the raw gas is separated into the coarse

material that is collected in the coarse material tank

(9) and the clean gas that is loaded with the fine

material. The air suction fan (12) generates the air

flow.

ADVANTAGES DISADVANTAGES

Low capital cost High operating costs (due to

pressure drop).

Ability to operate at high

temperatures.

Low efficiencies

(particularly for small

particles).

Can handle liquid mists or

dry materials.

Unable to process "sticky"

materials.

Low maintenance

requirements (no moving

parts).

Small footprint - requires

relatively small space.




Compression Refrigeration System

IntroductionRefrigeration engineering offers a wide range of applications in machinery and plant manufacturing, as well as in many other

specialist disciplines. The most commonly used cooling system is the compression refrigeration system. The ET 411C trainer is a

fully functional compression refrigeration system. It allows you to compare different expansion elements with each other. There is

one thermostatic expansion valve available for this purpose, and three capillary tubes of varying lengths. The superheating of the

refrigerant can also be adjusted at the thermostatic expansion valve. Since the evaporator and condenser are designed to be

partially transparent, the phase change of the refrigerant can be observed in the heat exchangers. This also applies to the filling

degree of the evaporator which can be affected by the different expansion elements. Under or overfilling of the system can also be

demonstrated using an additional refrigerant reservoir integrated in the system. These effects can be detected by measurement or

observed through the transparent heat exchanger.




Bench Top Cooling Tower H893

IntroductionReproduces all the processes that are found in an industrial system serviced by a forced draught cooling tower.

The unit incorporates a process load, circulating pump, packed column, water distribution, volume control system and fan.

Standard instrumentation allows measurement of the air, circulating water mass flow rate and all end state temperatures using wet

and dry bulb thermocouples. Evaporation rates under varying load and flow conditions can also be investigated.

The computer-linked version (HC893A) includes transducers and software to measure the same parameters and to plot

psychrometric and other graphical data in real time.

The unit is supplied complete with one column of packing density 110m2/m3. Columns with different packing densities together

with a column enabling the construction of driving force diagrams and an empty column for student project work are available as

optional items.

Experimental Capabilities:Observation of water flow pattern and distribution.

Measurement of all “end states”, and rates of flow of water, air and make-up.

Plotting of end states on a psychrometric chart and the application of the steady flow equation to draw up

energy balances.

Investigation of performance at,

(a) A range of process cooling loads.

(b) A range of inlet temperatures.




IKA C 200 Oxygen Bomb Calorimeter

IKA C 200 Oxygen Bomb Calorimeter

Reproduces all the processes that are found in an industrial system serviced by a forced draught cooling tower.

The unit incorporates a process load, circulating pump, packed column, water distribution, volume control system and fan.

Standard instrumentation allows measurement of the air, circulating water mass flow rate and all end state temperatures using

wet and dry bulb thermocouples. Evaporation rates under varying load and flow conditions can also be investigated.

The computer-linked version (HC893A) includes transducers and software to measure the same parameters and to plot

psychrometric and other graphical data in real time.

The unit is supplied complete with one column of packing density 110m2/m3. Columns with different packing densities

together with a column enabling the construction of driving force diagrams and an empty column for student project work are

available as optional items. IKA C 200 Oxygen Bomb Calorimeter

M2 Scientifics is proud to offer this award winning line of calorimeters from IKA ®. They have set the standard for design,

safety, efficiency, and ease of use. IKA provides excellent calorimetry systems that are feature packed.

The C 200 Calorimeter by IKA is a compact and affordable calorimeter for measuring the calorific values present in solid

and liquid samples up to 40 kJ. Ideal for chemistry and food labs, but also great in low-throughput industrial labs. Four

different modes (isoperibol, dynamic, manual, and time-controlled) allow for flexibility in your protocols. All modes provide

automatic ignition and calculation of calorific value except for manual mode. Manuel mode is intended for students so that

they can ignite the sample and record changes from displayed data in minute intervals, allowing them to calculate the

calorific value.

The C 200 Calorimeter is also compatible with CalWin C 5040 calorimeter software for data analysis and storage. May also

export data to MS Excel and Word for further analysis.




Sulfur-in-Oil Analyzer, Horiba SLFA-2100

Introduction:

The Horiba SLFA-2100 & SLFA-2800 Sulfur-in-Oil Analysers combine existing and established functions

with brand new functions in order to improve the easy of use and enlarge large the application.

The environment today is facing many different problems. In order for people to prevent these, high

precision analysis technology with high levels of sensitivity, precision and repeatability gain huge

importance. The aim is to decrease the levels of sulfur content in diesel fuel, light and heavy oil. There are

currently regulations concerning the sulfur content in these, which will inevitably become stricter in the

future, particularly as the level of environmental consciousness is growing.

New features that enlarge the application and make the use of the analyzer easier.

The Horiba SLFA-2100 Sulfur-in-Oil Analzser has included several convenient new

features without having to increase its size.




Pensky–Martens Flash Point Tester

The Pensky–Martens closed-cup flash-point test is a test for the determination of the

flash point of flammable liquids. It is standardized as ASTM D93, EN ISO 2719 and

IP 34 [1] The United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) has also

published Method 1010A: Test Methods for Flash Point by Pensky-Martens Closed

Cup Tester, part of Test Methods for Evaluating Solid Waste, Physical/Chemical

Methods, which references the ASTM standard series D93. The Pensky-Martens test is

a closed-cup method as opposed to the Cleveland open-cup method.

::: Application Flash

It was tested if flash point determination is suitable to determine the

contamination of compressor oil with gas

It was tested if flash point determination with small-scale equipment is

suitable to determine the contamination level of diesel in motor oil.

Documents

Adsorption - kau · Bench Top Cooling Tower H893 Introduction Reproduces all the processes that are found in an industrial system serviced by a forced draught cooling tower. The unit