ADSADS_OKG

Team ABC Project Manual #6

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I Table of contents

Part I

Table of contents


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II Sommaire I TABLE OF CONTENTS ................................................................................................................................................1

II RULES AND BUILDING CODE COMPLIANCE CHECKLIST .......................................................................................6

III CONTEST SUPPORT DOCUMENT .......................................................................................................................12

1 ARCHITECTURE DESIGN NARRATIVE ........................................................................................................................13

1.1 Architecture design narrative ..................................................................................................................13

1.2 Lighting design narrative ........................................................................................................................17

2 ENGINEERING AND CONSTRUCTION DESIGN NARRATIVE ..............................................................................................19

2.1 Structural design .....................................................................................................................................19

2.2 Materials used ........................................................................................................................................20

2.3 Constructive design .................................................................................................................................20

2.4 Multicriteria constructive design .............................................................................................................23

2.5 Design methodology ...............................................................................................................................25

2.6 Envelop composition ...............................................................................................................................29

2.7 Plumbing system design ..........................................................................................................................32

2.8 Electrical system design ..........................................................................................................................44

2.9 Photovoltaic system design .....................................................................................................................49

2.10 Electrical energy balance simulation ..................................................................................................65

2.11 Solar thermal design ..........................................................................................................................75

2.12 Building integrated solar active systems ............................................................................................78

3 ENERGY EFFICIENCY DESIGN NARRATIVE ..................................................................................................................80

3.1 Technical project summary .....................................................................................................................80

3.2 Appliances report ....................................................................................................................................81

3.3 Comprehensive energy analysis and discussion report ............................................................................84

4 COMMUNICATION PLAN ................................................................................................................................... 126

4.1 Introduction .......................................................................................................................................... 126

4.2 Communication project ......................................................................................................................... 127

4.3 Public tour description .......................................................................................................................... 148

4.4 Team visual identity manual ................................................................................................................. 159

4.5 Sponsorship manual .............................................................................................................................. 159

5 INDUSTRIALIZATION AND MARKET VIABILITY REPORT ............................................................................................... 160

5.1 Market viability of the product .............................................................................................................. 161

5.2 Economic feasibility study ..................................................................................................................... 163

5.3 Industrialization degree ........................................................................................................................ 168

5.4 Possibilities for grouping ....................................................................................................................... 190

6 INNOVATION REPORT ....................................................................................................................................... 196

8.1. Innovation in architecture ..................................................................................................................... 196

8.2. Innovation in engineering and construction .......................................................................................... 197

8.3. Innovation in energy efficiency .............................................................................................................. 198

8.4. Innovation in communication and social awareness .............................................................................. 200

8.5. Innovation in the industrialization and market viability ......................................................................... 201

7 SUSTAINABILITY REPORT ................................................................................................................................... 203

7.1 Introduction: sustainability concept applied .......................................................................................... 203


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7.2 Bioclimatic strategies: passive design strategies ................................................................................... 204

7.3 Water ................................................................................................................................................... 207

7.4 Solid waste............................................................................................................................................ 217

7.5 Solar facilities........................................................................................................................................ 223

7.6 Equipment ............................................................................................................................................ 224

IV DINNER PARTY MENU ..................................................................................................................................... 228

8 COURSES AND DRINKS ...................................................................................................................................... 229

9 RECIPES ........................................................................................................................................................ 229

9.1 Perigord salad ....................................................................................................................................... 229

9.2 Duck confit shepherds pie .................................................................................................................... 230

9.3 Raspberry and pear crumble ................................................................................................................. 231

V CONTEST WEEK TASKS PLANNING ................................................................................................................. 232

10 SDE SENSORS LOCATION .................................................................................................................................. 233

10.1 SDE temperature sensor location ..................................................................................................... 233

10.2 SDE lightning sensor location ........................................................................................................... 233

10.3 SDE air quality and humidity sensor sensor location ........................................................................ 233

10.4 SDE refrigerator and freezer temperature sensor ............................................................................. 233

10.5 SDE cables ....................................................................................................................................... 233

10.6 SDE metering box ............................................................................................................................ 233

11 SDE TASKS PLANNING ...................................................................................................................................... 234

VI COST ESTIMATE AND PROJECT FINANCIAL SUMMARY ................................................................................... 239

12 BUSINESS AND FUND-RAISING PLAN ..................................................................................................................... 240

12.1 Consortium ...................................................................................................................................... 240

12.2 Industrials partners.......................................................................................................................... 242

12.3 Institutional partners ....................................................................................................................... 243

13 COST ESTIMATE .............................................................................................................................................. 244

14 TOTAL CONSTRUCTION COST .............................................................................................................................. 245

VII SITE OPERATION REPORT ................................................................................................................................ 247

15 PRECEDENTS AND AIM ...................................................................................................................................... 248

16 GENERAL DATA .............................................................................................................................................. 248

17 SITE OPERATIONS TEAM COORDINATOR ............................................................................................................... 248

18 OUTSIDE LOGISTIC, VILLA SOLAR ........................................................................................................................ 249

18.1 Phases Description ........................................................................................................................... 249

18.2 Transport ......................................................................................................................................... 251

19 INSIDE LOGISTIC, APPROXIMATION ...................................................................................................................... 252

19.1 Phases Description ........................................................................................................................... 252

19.2 Deciding Factors .............................................................................................................................. 256

19.3 Infrastructures ................................................................................................................................. 256

20 LOAD / UNLOAD ............................................................................................................................................. 257

21 ASSEMBLY / DISASSEMBLY ................................................................................................................................ 259

21.1 Assembly Planning ........................................................................................................................... 260

21.2 Disassembly Planning ...................................................................................................................... 265


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22 TIMELINE, TRUCKS AND MACHINERY NEEDS ENTRANCE TIMES, ORDER, UNLOAD, INTERVAL BETWEEN VEHICLES AND ASSEMBLY TIME

ASSOCIATED. ............................................................................................................................................................. 268

22.1 Assembly ......................................................................................................................................... 268

22.2 Disassembly ..................................................................................................................................... 269

23 SITE OPERATION CHART ................................................................................................................................... 271

24 ASSEMBLY AND DISASSEMBLY CHART................................................................................................................... 273

VIII HEALTH AND SAFETY REPORT ......................................................................................................................... 277

25 HEALTH AND SAFETY DRAWINGS ........................................................................................................................ 278

25.1 Index ............................................................................................................................................... 278

26 HEALTH AND SAFETY REPORT ............................................................................................................................. 279

26.1 Health and Safety precedents and aims ........................................................................................... 279

26.2 General data of the project .............................................................................................................. 279

26.3 Health and Safety plan Objectives ................................................................................................... 279

26.4 Conditions of the site where construction will take place ................................................................. 280

26.5 Activities for the risks prevention ..................................................................................................... 303

26.6 Critical work phases for risks prevention .......................................................................................... 307

26.7 Risks identification and efficiency evaluation of the adopted protections......................................... 313

26.8 Collective protections to use ............................................................................................................ 314

26.9 Individual protection resources to use .............................................................................................. 315

26.10 Safe working procedures of every team member ............................................................................. 317

26.11 Machine and auxiliary resources ...................................................................................................... 319

26.12 Planned measures in case of accident .............................................................................................. 319

26.13 Risks identification for possible later works ...................................................................................... 322

26.14 Useful plans and information for possible later works ...................................................................... 323

26.15 Adopted system for the level of health and safety control during works .......................................... 324

26.16 Formation and information about safety and health ....................................................................... 326

26.17 Emergency evacuation plan ............................................................................................................. 328

26.18 Annex 1: Identification of risks and evaluation of the efficiency of the adopted protections. ............ 331

26.19 Annex 2: Identification of risks for possible later works .................................................................... 352

27 HEALTH AND SAFETY SPECIFIC TERMS AND CONDITIONS ........................................................................................... 353

27.1 Statement in which the Team commits itself to avoid or minimize the risks derived from the work

process 353

27.2 Statement in which the team commits to envisage the health and safety demands. ........................ 354

27.3 Complete technical specifications of the collective protections that shall be used ............................ 355

27.4 Complete technical specifications of the individual protections that shall be used. .......................... 356

27.5 Description of the Terms and Conditions of the safety plans that each team member has to comply

with. 357

27.6 Statement that all the Team members have passed specific medical examinations for the works that

they will carry out and have the necessary qualifications. ................................................................................ 359

27.7 Statement that the team has received the specific training to assemble and disassemble the house

that will be exhibited preventing unexpected risks. .......................................................................................... 360

27.8 For contracted staff ......................................................................................................................... 361

IX DETAILED WATER BUDGET .............................................................................................................................. 363


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X ELECTRIC AND PHOTOVOLTAIC CHART ........................................................................................................... 366

XI STRUCTURAL CALCULATIONS .......................................................................................................................... 367

28 GLOBAL VIEW ................................................................................................................................................. 368

29 PLANS .......................................................................................................................................................... 369

30 LOADING ....................................................................................................................................................... 370

30.1 Parameters ...................................................................................................................................... 370

30.2 Wind ................................................................................................................................................ 370

30.3 Snow ............................................................................................................................................... 371

30.4 Exploitation load.............................................................................................................................. 371

30.5 Wood properties .............................................................................................................................. 372

30.6 Loads combinations ......................................................................................................................... 372

30.7 Software used .................................................................................................................................. 374

31 BEAMS CALCULATION ....................................................................................................................................... 375

31.1 VENTEC............................................................................................................................................ 375

31.2 Roof ................................................................................................................................................. 375

31.3 Roof - joists ...................................................................................................................................... 376

31.4 Roof - horizontal top roof................................................................................................................. 379

31.5 Roof - pitched top roof ..................................................................................................................... 379

31.6 Roof - top poles ............................................................................................................................... 381

31.7 Roof - beam ..................................................................................................................................... 382

31.8 Roof - top poles (fire conditions) ...................................................................................................... 383

31.9 Roof - beam (fire conditions)............................................................................................................ 384

31.10 Poles ................................................................................................................................................ 385

31.11 Poles - fire conditions ....................................................................................................................... 386

31.12 Wall - poles ...................................................................................................................................... 387

31.13 Wall ................................................................................................................................................. 391

31.14 Floor ................................................................................................................................................ 391

31.15 Floor - joists ..................................................................................................................................... 391

31.16 Floor - beam .................................................................................................................................... 393

31.17 Floor - external beam....................................................................................................................... 394

32 ASSEMBLY CALCULATION................................................................................................................................... 396

33 FOUNDATIONS ............................................................................................................................................... 398

34 OVER-ROOF STRUCTURAL CALCULATION ............................................................................................................... 399


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II Rules and building code compliance checklist

Part II

Rules and building code compliance checklist


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Rule Description Content Requirement(s) Drawing(s)/Report

(s)

3.2 Team Officers and Contact

Information

Team officer's contact

information completely fulfilled in

Table 1 (SDE WAT)

WAT

4.3 Lot Conditions Drawing(s) showing the storage and unloading areas and

corresponding loads calculations

PD

4.3 Lot Conditions Calculations showing the structural design remains

compliant even if there is a level

difference, and drawing(s) showing shimming methods and

materials to be used in case.

PD

4.4 Footings Drawing(s) showing the locations and depths of all ground

penetrations on the competition

site

PD

4.4 Footings Drawing(s) showing the location, contact area and soil-bearing

pressure of every component

resting directly on the ground

PD

4.5 Construction Equipment

Drawing(s) showing the

assembly and disassembly sequences and the movement of

heavy machinery on the

competition site and

specifications for heavy

machinery

PM p145 - 148

4.7 Generators Generators specifications On-going definition 4.8 Spill and Waste

Products

Drawing(s) showing the locations

of all equipment, tanks and pipes containing fluids during the event

and corresponding specifications

PD

5.1 Solar Envelope Dimensions

Drawing(s) showing the location

of all house and site components

relative to the solar envelope

PD

6.1 Structural Design Approval

Structural drawings and calculations signed and stamped

by a qualified licensed

professional

PM p200

6.1 Electrical and Photovoltaic

Design Approval

Electrical and Photovoltaic

drawings and calculations signed

and stamped by a qualified

licensed professional

PD


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6.1 Codes Design Compliance

List of the country of origin codes

complied, properly signed by the

faculty advisor.

On-going definition

6.2 Maximum Architectural Footprint

Drawing(s) showing all

information needed by the Rules Officials to digitally measure the

architectural footprint

PD

6.2 Maximum Architectural

Footprint

Drawing(s) showing all the

reconfigurable features that may

increase the footprint if operated

during contest week

PD

6.3 Minimum & Maximum

Measurable Area

Drawing(s) showing the Minimum & Maximum Measurable Area.

PD

6.4 Entrance and Exit Routes


accessible public tour route,

specifying the entrance and exit

from the house to the main street of the Villa Solar

PD

7.3 PV Technology Limitations

Specifications and contractor

price quote for photovoltaic

components

PD-PV001

7.4 Batteries Drawing(s) showing the location(s) and quantity of stand-alone, PV-powered devices and

corresponding specifications

Electric and

Photovoltaic chart

7.4 Batteries Drawing(s) showing the location(s) and quantity of hard-

wired battery banks components

and corresponding specifications

PD-

7.6 Thermal Energy Storage

Drawing(s) showing the location of thermal energy storage

components and corresponding

specifications

PD

7.7 Desiccant Systems

Drawing(s) describing the

operation of the desiccant

system and corresponding specifications

None

7.8 Humidification systems

Specifications for humidification

systems and corresponding

certifications of the different

elements.

None

8.1 Containers locations


of all the water tanks

PD-PL001


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8.2 Water Delivery Drawing(s) showing the fill location(s), quantity of water

requested at each fill location,

tank dimensions, diameter of

opening(s) and clearance above the tank(s).

PD

8.3 Water Removal Drawing(s) showing the quantity of water to be removed from

each fill location, tank

dimensions, diameter of

opening(s) and clearance above

the tank(s).

PD

8.5 Grey water reuse

Specifications for grey water

reuse systems.

PM p19

8.6 Rainwater Collection

Drawing(s) showing the layout

and operation of rainwater

collection systems

PM p26

8.8 Thermal Mass Drawing(s) showing the locations of water-based thermal mass

systems and corresponding

specifications

PD

8.9 Grey Water Heat Recovery

Specifications for grey water heat

recovery systems.

PM p16

9.1 Placement Drawing(s) showing the location of all vegetation and, if

applicable, the movement of

vegetation designed as part of an

integrated mobile system.

PD

9.2 Watering Restrictions

Drawings showing the layout and

operation of greywater irrigation

systems

On-going design

10.2 SDE Sensors Location and

wire routing


of bi-directional meters,

metering box, sensors, cables

and feed-through to pass the

instrumentation wires from the

interior to the exterior of the house.

PD

11.2 Use of the Solar Decathlon

Europe Logo


dimensions, materials, artwork,

and content of all

communications materials,

including signage

PM p60

11.3 Teams sponsors & Supporting

Institutions

Drawing(s) showing the dimensions, materials, artwork,

and content of all

PM p75


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communications materials,

including signage

12.5 Team Uniform Drawing(s) showing the artwork, content and design of the team

uniform

On-going definition

12.6 Public Tour Drawing(s) showing the public tour route, indicating the

dimensions of any difficult point,

complying with the accessibility

requirements.

PM p73

20.0 Contest 6: Drying Method

Drawing(s) showing the drying

Method. (ie the place where the clothes wire will be located)

On-going design

20.0 Contest 6: House

Functioning


of all the appliances and

corresponding technical

specifications.

On-going design

36.5 Photovoltaic systems design

Specifications of PV generators, inverters, wiring, cables,

protections, earthing systems,

interface with the electricity

distribution network.

PM p27-46 & PD


Inverters certificates PM p27-46 & PD


Maintenance plan for PV

generators, supporting structure,

inverters, wiring, cables,

protections and earthing system

PM p27-46 & PD


The corresponding table design summary must be filled out

PM p34

51.3 Fire Safety Specifications for Fire Reaction of Constructive elements,

extinguishers and fire resistance

of the houses structure.

Appendix

51.3 Fire Safety Drawings showing compliance with the evacuation of occupants requirements and fire extinguishers location.

PD

51.4 Safety against falls

Specifications of compliance

with the slipperiness degree

classes of floors included in

House tour

PM p167 and PD(HS)

51.4 Safety against falls

Drawing(s) showing compliance

with conditions for uneven flooring, floors with different

level, Restricted Areas stairs,

PM p167 and PD(HS)


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Public Areas Staircases,

Restricted Areas Ramps and

Public Areas Ramps

51.4 Safety for avoiding trapping and

impact risk

Drawing(s) showing compliance

with conditions for avoiding trapping and impact risk

PM p167 and PD(HS)

51.4 Safety against the risk of

inadequate

lighting

Specifications for level of

illumination of house tour areas

light fittings

PM p167 and PD(HS)

51.5 Accessibility Interior and exterior plans showing the entire accessible

tour route

PD

51.6 Structural Safety Specifications for the use of dead loads, live loads, safety factors

and load combinations in the

structural calculations

PM p200 and PD(ST)

51.7 Electrical and PV System

Specifications of the wiring,

channels, panels and protections

Electric and

Photovoltaic chart

51.7 Electrical and PV System

One-line electrical diagram and

drawings showing the grounding,

execution and paths

Electric and

Photovoltaic chart


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III Contest support document

Part III

Contest support document


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1 Architecture design narrative

1.1 Architecture design narrative

Sumbiosi is created from the symbiosis between men and the house, between the house and the environment and between architecture and

technology. This is really the main concept of Sumbiosi, from what everything

is thought.

In order to create a sustainable house, we focused, during the design process,

on bioclimatic concepts, energetic performance, innovative engineering and

architectural systems, and a great management of resources like energy and

water. All these elements have been put together with architectural concepts

aiming to create a space as adjustable as possible for the residents. By

adjustable we mean, physiologically, functionally and spatially. Indeed,

Sumbiosi can adapt itself according to the time of the day or the season so as

to create the best living environment for human beings.

For that, every architectural and technical choice was made from the human

body for its comfort. Like Le Corbusier compared architecture and human body

for the separated functions, we are making the analogy with the human body

for all the exchanges made inside it, and more than everything with the skin

which is an organ that breathes, reacts to wind, cold and heat and that

protects the inside space. Pores of the skin can retract or dilate themselves to

create the best interior environment.

In Sumbiosi we used this concept of living organism that changes, reacts and

exchanges according to the environment to create the best place to live in.

Thus, we had kind of a biological approach of the architecture.

We also designed ourselves an original cladding for the exterior facades: we

wanted it to be like a protective element of the house as we placed it on the

two thick walls which are qualifying the main space of the house. This

protection is given by a reaction with the exterior light during the day. Indeed,

we randomly fixed many vertical pieces of maritime pine with three different

sections (44mm x 50mm, 44mm x 35mm, and 44mm x 20mm) on a plywood

sheet painted in dark grey. Thus the sunrays reach the facade in a different


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way all around the house, and create various shades and a dynamic ambiance

and a sort of depth in the facade.

In the goal of sustainability, this cladding is made from waste of pine wood

from the pine forest which is using the green joined technology making it even

more sustainable. Then, for the structural elements of the house we used the

best parts of trees and using the rest for the cladding.

Through this kind of project, we really think that we have the possibility to

invent, to create and maybe to make an evolution in the present architecture

and this is what we tried to do in this project.

All our design process was oriented by the bioclimatic concepts which are very

important elements if we want to get the lowest consumption of energy

without any equipment.

The concept is to orientate the house to get the best from the sun and the

environment. Thats why we gave the house this strong north/south orientation

allowing to capture a maximum of calories in winter.

That orientation is also wanted to create a crossed space from south to north.

By crossed space we mean that the inhabitants can easily go from the south

space, more dynamic and warmer, to the north space, cooler and quieter, so

the inhabitants can choose their house and evolve in it as if it was an extension

of them.

We also chose that strong orientation to allow a great natural ventilation to

cool down the house in summer. The air flows through the house entering by

the north and south facades and going out by the upper windows. If we had to

give one word to describe the space created it would be fluid : fluid for the

inhabitants, fluid for the air, fluid for the light and fluid for the energy.

While the north and the south facades are the most open ones with glazing

surfaces, we wanted the east and west facades to be much closed. This aims

to accentuate the concept of the crossed space but its also to protect the

house from the morning and evening sun, which are the ones giving the most

powerful and difficult rays to protect from.

Thats why we created two thick walls that protect the interior space. This

thickness was given for a few reasons. First, it accentuates the orientation

north/south we wished for, and the idea of a crossed space. It also reinforces


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the idea of protection for the inhabitants. But, if we created these two thick

walls it was above all to group the technical elements and to release the

middle space from any of them. Thus, in one of those two blocks takes place

all the technic the house needs. We placed the Vital Box, the kitchen and the

bathroom so we can reduce the pipes length and facilitate the transport and

the construction as it is aimed to be a grouped housing. The integration of the

technical element is part of the architecture, we use it to give strength to it

and to participate to the concept.

In the second thick wall we placed specific furniture. Everything is condensed

in a block but this furniture wall is in fact composed by two layers which have

different functions.

The first one has a multimedia function. When this first layer slides, it forms a

separation in the large living space and then creates a new room for guests. It

also gives access to the second layer where you can store things you do not

use all the time. For example if you want to store your winter clothes during

summer and keep only the summer ones in your dressing.

This modularity is really wanted so the inhabitants can live in agreement with

the seasons and according to their different needs.

Other furniture blocks are placed in the north space from which are deployed

several functions. In the parental room the bed can go up in the cupboard

while a desk can come out from the same furniture.

For a quite small house we wanted to offer the comfort of a large one. Thats

why we designed a rotary element in the furniture separating the parents

room from the bathroom to create a parental suite by linking the bedroom and

the bathroom.

In the children room, the bed can go up to the ceiling to liberate the space for

any others activities.

We can say that the bedrooms we created are quite small but thanks to

the movable elements we can create different uses for these spaces so you

kind of get a bigger house with the same space. With Sumbiosi you can get

more from less.


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We worked on an architecture that takes into consideration the integration of

the technical elements such as solar systems or ventilation. For us, integrating

doesnt mean hiding these elements, but on the contrary, to make with them.

We use these new elements of the house and create the architecture from and

with these systems. They become part of the architecture and important

elements of the design.

And this explains the evolution of Sumbiosi through months. Indeed, at the

very beginning the house had a multiple sloped roof which integrated the solar

systems we thought we would use. But, by the change of these solar systems

we decided to change the architecture. So we changed, neither all the

architecture nor the concepts but mainly the roof part where the solar systems

are aimed to be.

With our new solar systems, we created an over-roof which serves as a solar

protection for the south faade, but it is also an element that captures the sun.

Furthermore, this system of over-roof would allow in the future to install

different solar systems. Its a very modular concept, thus for the industrialized

house we can keep it, even with a possible change of our experimental solar

systems.

With this over-roof we developed the concept of a second skin in the idea of

the symbiosis and the biological approach. This is one of the major elements

which interfere with the environment to create a better atmosphere inside the

house. This second skin captures the suns energy but it is also aimed to

be a protection against it, for the indoor space, and for the outdoor as well.

Indeed, the indoor space extends itself outside and elements from the over-

roof are deployed to create a new space and to protect it.

As for the solar systems, we wanted to create a new architectural element on

the house which is the Ventec system. Its goal is to accelerate the natural

ventilation by the Venturi effect. Its form has been designed with

aerodynamics principles and integrated into the architecture: it creates a

strong architectural sign. For us, the energetic changes we have to make today

in our design is not fate but a real opportunity to imagine and create new

architectural concepts, spaces and forms.


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To create a sustainable house with bioclimatic concepts, we worked on the

materials. To get the lowest grey energy for the house and to develop the local

industry, we mainly used timber (maritime pine) for the construction of

Sumbiosi. Indeed, we live near the biggest cultivated forest in Europe. We

used it for structural materials, for furniture and for the exterior cladding. But,

timber doesnt have a great inertia so its difficult to obtain good thermal

results. Thats why we also used a concrete floor, to give inertia to the house.

This floor allows to store calories in winter during daytime and to restore them

during nighttime. Every material has been chosen for its thermal properties

and according to the life cycle analysis and the aesthetic.

For further information about life cycle analysis please find attached (in the

Appendixes folder) a document named SUMBIOSI_Life_Cycle_Assesment.

Finally, Sumbiosi is a home where the way of life becomes fluid and in

interaction with the environment thanks to the architecture. With Sumbiosi you

dont live against nature but you live with it, you can feel it: your home

becomes alive.

1.2 Lighting design narrative

In Sumbiosi we really wanted to use the light to serve the general concept of

the house. The space let itself be crossed by the light that flows from lots of

different openings so as to get as much natural light as possible.

We worked on the natural light according to the different spaces and the

specific ambiances we wished to have in the house: a dynamic south space

and a quiet north space.

On the south part of the house, where the dynamic and warm space of the

living room takes place, the sun can enter very deeply in the house during

winter thanks to the large glazed openings we created on the facade. Then the

light evolves during the day following the sun directory. Furthermore, we used

a white material for the walls so the light can be reflected to create much

lighted spaces.

On the north space where the quiet functions take place (reading, studying,

working, resting, etc.) we used the north light which is much more diffuse and

homogenous.


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For each room we chose to set up openings going from floor to ceiling so the

light is fully coming in and reflecting very well on each of the horizontal

surfaces. On this same idea, we placed the windows just near a wall to let the

light flow on it.

Thus we chose specific lighting ambiance for each space, so as to be in

agreement with its functions and the activities hold there.

During summer, when we deploy solar protections on Sumbiosi and when the

natural light is consequently lower in the south space, we use the light coming

from the upper part of the roof which has windows oriented to the north so we

can still light up the south space. Thus, this part is very useful for different

purposes: natural ventilation and lighting.

It will be possible to modulate the natural light coming in the house thanks to

shutters or blinds on each of these windows.

As for the artificial lighting we lighted up the top of the two thick walls to

highlight the direction north/south. For the central part of the house we

created a homogenous lighting which can be modulated thanks to the home

automation system. This modulation of the central part allows creating

different atmospheres in the house but it is also useful to make energy

savings. Indeed with this system you can completely shut down the lighting on

one part of the living space.

About the bedrooms part of the house, we used the same system, highlighting

the top of the furniture blocks. The general lighting here is oriented from the

ceiling to the floor creating a space more intimate with a dark ceiling.

Thus, we designed the lighting in agreement with the house concepts, the two

thick walls and the inner space which is translated by two lines of light and a

general lighting in the middle of them.


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2 Engineering and construction design narrative

The engineering design narrative describes and justifies all crucial choices we

made to fulfil our primary objectives. It follows the design procedure that led

us to the final prototype. This procedure is very simple; we first designed the

envelope to limit energy losses then we developed and installed innovative

system to answer to the comfort conditions and after we developed the most

efficient solar systems to produce the energy needs.

In this report we describe how specifications were defined, according to the

competitions brief and teams wishes. Then, technological and architectural

solutions were proposed, discussed and validated, following a co-conception

process between architects and engineers.

2.1 Structural design

Interesting opportunities led us to choose the main construction materials:

timber from the Landes forest. For the project, the use of maritime pine has an

important meaning. First, it demonstrates the mechanical properties of this

species, which are more than acceptable for construction, when timber is

processed to make glulam beams. Moreover, the glulam beams used for

Sumbiosi are produced via an innovative process, especially developed by the

research project ABOVE. This recent project aimed at developing an industrial

process to glue and laminate green timber, before dried out. This method not

only brings stronger properties to the beam than conventional glulam beams,

but also allows to save energy. The availability of this technology was a great

argument in favour of timber. Thus, we decided to develop a house that would

tend to be 100% from maritime pine, in order to support the development of

local activities around timber construction in the region.

Other criteria went in favour of timber construction, particularly with regards to

its environmental impacts. Timber is a renewable material when sustainably

grown, as it is in the Landes forest, and acts as a carbon storage, which makes

it, at least, carbon neutral. Timber also has interesting thermal properties. By

comparison with a steel structure or a solid wall, a timber structure reduces

thermal bridging thanks to its high thermal resistivity. The structure type also


20

allows to put insulation between the structural parts, so for the same thickness

of wall than for a concrete wall you have better insulation. However, timber

presents lower thermal mass than concrete, which imposes to find an

alternative way to bring thermal mass to the envelop.

The structure of Sumbiosi will be made of timber frame, whose advantages

are:

Lightness Ease of implementation Possibility of prefabrication Use of green materials

2.2 Materials used

The structural wood used for Sumbiosi will be the maritime pine (pinus

pinaster).

The reason why we choose this kind of wood is simple: the maritime pine is a

local wood which grows in our region and which is already exploited for timber

frame houses.

The advantages of structural wood are explained above, but the use of

maritime pine allows us to work with local companies, reducing wood trip

length, and thus improving the LCA of this material.

Furthermore, the maritime pines forests are managed and controlled to avoid

wood shortage and natural sites destruction risks due to deforestation.

The wood waste derived from the wood beams fabrication can also be used to

produce energy (wood-fired boiler), so the whole wood is used, there is no

waste during wood processing.

2.3 Constructive design

As described in the request for proposal, we used Napevomo House that

participated to SDE 2010 as a base. It is also true for the constructive design.

Indeed, we first used results from 2010 to draw our walls, roof and floor. It


21

means that our initial solution was to manufacture (from the inner layer to the

outer layer):

- Wall: Plaster panel (0.013 m), air gap (0.04 m), wood structural panel (0.008

m), flexible wood fibre (0.12 m), rigid wood fibre (0.10 m), water tightness

covering (0.001 m), air gap (0.04 m), wood cladding (0.022 m)

- Roof: Plaster panel (0.013 m), air gap (0.04 m), wood structural panel

(0.008 m), cellulose insulation (0.24 m), wood structural panel (0.022 m),

water tightness covering (0.001 m)

- Floor: Terra cotta (0.10 m), wood structural panel (0.022 m), cellulose

insulation (0.24 m), wood structural panel (0.008 m)

From this initial state, we considered our main aims:

- To work with the local (south west of France) industry

- To consume less energy as possible

- To have a house easy to industrialize

- To build a sustainable house

If we have a look on the first goal, it offers another choice for sustainable

insulating materials: wood, cellulose insulation and sheep wool.

Lets have a look on the second goal then. If we want our house to consume

not so much energy, we have to work on walls composition and junctions.

Indeed, junctions with walls, roof and floor described above are not so good

because of thermal bridges. From there came new compositions that allows us

to avoid thermal losses. It means that we will use the rigid wood fibre panel to

cover the whole envelope, this layer being the outer one. This goal is also the

one at the origin of layer thickness, thanks to simulations described in the

energy analysis and discussion report.


22

Finally came the industrialization goal. The two main issues with the initial

drawings were the plaster panels and the cellulose insulation. Indeed, plaster

is easily breakable and it is difficult to transport it. It is going to be replaced by

wood coating. Concerning the cellulose insulation, it is a big challenge to fill

walls with it, compared to sheep wool with the same thermal results. However,

after meeting four different manufacturers, we chose to work with STEICO

which is based in Casteljaloux (in Aquitaine) and produces rigid and flexible

wood fibre.

That is why we finally got the compositions explained below from the

innermost to the outermost layer. They are also described in the project

drawing and later in the report in the Technical Project Summary.

- Wall: Wood coating (13 mm), flexible wood fibre (40 mm), plywood

structural panel (9 mm), flexible wood fibre (140 mm), rigid wood fibre (60

mm), air gap (40 mm), wood cladding (22 mm)

- Roof: Wood coating (13 mm), air gap (57 mm), plywood structural panel (21

mm), flexible wood fibre (160 mm), flexible wood fibre (40 to 160 mm, creates

the roof slope necessary for the rainwater evacuation), rigid wood fibre (40

mm), plywood structural panel (21 mm), water tightness covering (1.15 mm)

- Floor: Composite wood-concrete (12mm), concrete layer (70 mm), wood

structural panel (21 mm), flexible wood fibre (240 mm), rigid wood fibre (40

mm), plywood structural panel (7 mm).

Here is an explanation concerning the role of each layer.

- Flexible wood fibre: main insulating material within the timber frame

- Rigid wood fibre: over- insulating material. It covers the whole envelope to

avoid linear thermal bridges

- Wood coating: create an atmosphere within the house, this is the visible part

of the thermal envelope

- Inner air gap: electronic and electrical networks


23

- Plywood structural panel: it has three functions. Indeed, it is a structural

panel and it is also a high resistance against steam diffusion within the wall. It

is finally a protection against fire diffusion.

- Water tightness covering: thanks to this, the water stays outside the house

- Outer air gap: because it is over ventilated, it cancels radiation on walls

during summer, decreasing cooling needs. It also permits to evaporate steam

contained in walls.

- Wood cladding: outermost layer that protect the inner layers.

- Concrete: thermal mass storage that limits heating and cooling needs.

2.4 Multicriteria constructive design

We start from a wood structural for the house conception. The objectives of

this structure were to reach the following points:

Thermal performance: Thermal bridges were limited and insulation

thickness was defined in order to minimize the house consummation.

Industrialization: To reduce the production cost we choose to use two

kind of block 2D and 3D. Moreover these blocks were optimized to minimize

the trucks quantity for transport and handling trucks need.

Environment: We choose the house material in order to minimize the

environmental impact but also the transport between the production factory

and the block fabrication place.

Comfort: To choose the house materials and glasses we take care of the

thermal comfort, humidity, noise, air quality and luminosity.

The choices have been made by a conception between engineer and architect

which allow to take decision in a common background.


24

Figure 1 : Multicriterial choice for Sumbiosis constructive design

At the projects beginning we use the result from Napevomo which was

presented at the Solar Decathlon 2010. During the comfort measure test

Napevomo was classed second with the lower energetic consummation on the

villa solar on the whole measured period. So, Napevomos constructive design

was used to make Sumbiosis one.

We combined a bioclimatic architecture with high thermal inertia insulator like

the wood fiber or the cellulose insulation combined to a massive material. In

Napevomo the mudbrick shows it efficiency by helping to respect the thermal

and humidity restriction. A possible amelioration is the diminution of thermal

bridges.

Constructive design

Thermal performance

Cost/ Industrialization

Environment

Comfort


25

2.5 Design methodology

To validate the overall architecture and optimise it by proposing concrete

improvements, we used a dynamic thermal simulation tool, the software

Pliades/Comfie, which provided:

An estimation of solar gain An estimation of heating and cooling needs Maximum heating and cooling power needs An optimal thickness of insulation, via a series of tests

With this tool, adjustments were tested to improve dimensions of architectural

elements:

sizes of openings and sunshades thermal mass in the floor envelop composition

We use the following method:

1. Insulation choice with a multricriterial approach 2. Thickness choice for the thermal performance needed 3. Thermal bridges minimization 4. Commercial product study 5. Hygrothermal study to avoid vaporization

Thanks to a series of tests we determined the best composition of walls, floor

and roof. For example, wood fibre revealed very good thermal properties that

were close to glass wool. Also, wood fibre insulation has other interesting

environmental and thermal properties:

it is breathing, so the envelop is not vapour tight it is not noxious when palmed it presents a good compromise insulation/inertia it is renewable it is less embodied carbon than conventional insulation materials it has good acoustic properties

We keep the wood fiber as insulator for the whole thermal outer shell. There

are a lot of different product and utilization for the wood fiber, it can also


26

replace the rainscreen. Moreover a local factory is located in Casteljaloux in

Aquitaine (STEICO).

To choose the insulator thickness in each wall we use parametric variation in

order to reach the defined objectives of less than 15kWh/(m2.an) on heating

need. (Figure 2)

For instance on the figure 2 we reach the objectives with a 24cm insulator

thickness. A higher thickness isnt really necessary to reduce the heating

consummation.

We calculate, study and minimize the linear thermal bridges of the house

(integrated, resulting from the block assembly and the piloti.

We compare the solutions with and without insulation over thickness (figure 3

and 4). We obtain 1 W/K by junction on the whole house. The Sumbiosis

thermal bridges represent 20% of the total thermal lost with 23W/K. So its

worth to obtain this 1W/K and it shows the interest of a finest study.

Figure 2 : Influence of wall insulation thickness on annual heat needs


27

Figure 3 : Comparison of thermal bridge () for two solutions, with and without additional insulation, under floor module junction

Figure 4 : Comparison of thermal bridge () for two solutions, with and without additional external insulation, at floor and wall junction

The wall composition take care of the calculate necessary thickness, the

thermal bridges reduction but also the product available on the market.

Figure 5 : Available size for external rigid wood fiber panel insulation (STEICOspecial)

Additional insulation

Additional insulation

=0,05 W/(m.K) ->

1,4W/K

= 0,09 W/(m.K) ->

2,5 W/K

= 0,07 W/(m.K) ->

1,9 W/K

= 0,1 W/(m.K) ->

2,7 W/K


28

Finally, to avoid any condensation risk a verification of the hygrothermal

transfer was made for each wall. The vapor partial pressure has to be lower

than the equilibrium vapor pressure.

Timber is ideal for having breathing walls, which let water vapour migrating

through the envelop to the exterior while stop air infiltration. This is a passive

hygrometric regulation that naturally improves the air quality and reduces

needs for mechanical ventilation. This is why we chose insulation materials

that were suitable for this technique, like wood fibre panels. It was important

to choose materials that have decreasing vapour permeability from inside to

outside, to evacuate water vapour towards outside and prevent moisture

problems.

So a vapour screen isnt necessary in the wall, the bracing panel(ROPLIN) will

do it. Then the wall allows a humidity natural regulation.

Figure 6 : Study of condensation risk in the wall

0

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

0 50 100 150 200 250 300

Wat

er v

apor

par

tial p

ress

ure

(P

a)

Wall depth [mm]

EXT INT

Water vapor saturation partial pressure

Water vapor effective partial pressure


29

To avoid any condensation risk the roof has to be waterproof. It is the only

wall where a vapor screen is used. In fact on the roof there is no condensation

risk we are also using a ROLPIN panel as vapor screen.

2.6 Envelop composition

The following list gives an explanation concerning the role of each layer.

- Flexible wood fibre: main insulating material within the timber frame - Rigid wood fibre: over- insulating material. It covers the whole

envelope to avoid linear thermal bridges

- Wood coating: create an atmosphere within the house, this is the visible part of the thermal envelope

- Inner air gap: electronic and electrical networks - Wood structural panel: it has three functions. Indeed, it is a structural

panel and it is also a high resistance against steam diffusion within the

wall and floor. It is finally a protection against fire diffusion.

- Water tightness covering: thanks to this, the water stays outside the house

- Rainscreen : it protects the wall from the rain - Vapor barrier : it avoid condensation inside the house thanks to its high

resistance against steam diffusion

- Outer air gap: because it is over ventilated, it cancels radiation on walls during summer, decreasing cooling needs. It also permits to evaporate

steam contained in walls.

- Wood cladding: outermost layer that protect the inner layers.

0

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400

Wat

er v

apor

par

tial p

ress

ure

(P

a)

Roof depth [mm]

EXT INT

Water vapor saturation partial pressure

Water vapor effective partial pressure


30

- Concrete: thermal mass storage that limits heating and cooling needs (for more details refer to the Comprehensive energy analysis and

discussion report).

2.6.1 Wall composition

1 Wood coating 13 mm

2 Flexible wood fiber40 mm

3 Wood structural panel 9

mm

4 Flexible wood fiber 140

mm

5 Rigid wood fiber 60 mm

6 Rainscreen

7 External cladding

2.6.2 Roof composition

1 water tightness covering

1,15mm

2 Wood structural panel

21mm

3 Rigid wood fiber 40 mm

4 Flexible wood fiber 25 to

150 mm

5 Flexible wood fiber 160 mm

6 Vapor barrier


mm

8 Air gap 50mm

Uvalue = 0,17 W/(m.K)



31

9 Wood coating 15mm

2.6.3 Floor composition

1 Revtement bois bton

12mm

2 Concrete 70mm


mm

4 Flexible wood fibre 160mm

5 Wood structure 160x75mm

6 Rigid wood fibre 80mm

7 Rigid wood fibre 45mm

8 Wood structural panel

7mm

As the acoustic performance of walls has not been studied yet, we wont speak about it in this deliverable. We are working on it with our partner FFB

GIRONDE. Acoustic insulating materials will be integrated in the house

furnishings.

2.6.4 Openings Choice between two main options was considered: double or triple glazing.

Double glazing was finally chosen for every window. Indeed best thermal

performance were obtained with triple glazing; however cost increase greatly

with such windows. So we work mainly on the opaque envelop to obtain our

objective. Thus we chose a higher solar factor for south facing glasses (Fs =

0.63, U-glazing = 1.1 W/(m.K), U-frame = 2.8 W/(m.K)) than for the other

windows (Fs = 0.51, U-glazing = 0.9 W/(m.K), U-frame = 1.3 W/(m.K)).



32

2.7 Plumbing system design

For the whole document, Lombrifiltre is a deposite name but it works like a

Vermifiltration system.

The whole water network has been collected up on the West wall to make both

assembly and dismantling easier. This setting doesnt limit only problems

related to connecting pipes, but it also reduces material and human resource

costs.

To reach this goal, our Partner Profil proposes us one block system called the

Vital Box, which is composed of the kitchen and the technical room.

The water plumbing system is mainly composed of three main elements: the

drinking water supply, the non-collective sanitation system and the rainwater

collection system.


33

2.7.1 Drinking water supply Sizing domestic hot water needs:

According to our strategy of reducing consumption and preserving natural

resources, we based our domestic hot water system choice on SUMBIOSI

theoretical figures of consumption. These figures have been raised of 5% to

prevent a little overconsumption.


34

The main consumption point in

domestic hot water for a single

person is in the Bath-shower

category, with an average of 40L

per person. In our case (a four

people family), this means a 160L


35

need, to which domestic uses consumption must be added.

Therefore we choose a compact solution, including the hot water tank. (see

appendixes: PL-201), that can provide 180L of domestic hot water. Hot water

can de heated by solar system or cvm.

It is an electrical system coupled with a solar one. The electric system is a

backup system to cope with needs that the solar system might not be able to

face depending on the weather.


36

2.7.2 Non-collective sanitation system (patented) The system is subject to patent; therefore all the details of the system cannot be disclosed.

Below the diagram of the non-collective sanitation system, the location in the house is attached.


37

To optimize the overall size of the system, it became necessary to size the

tanks of the device for non-collective sanitation system.

Common daily consumption of a household is divided as follows:

In SUMBIOSI, we estimated household water consumption allocated as follows:

Consumption margin Expected

consumption Part of drinking

water consumption

Daily consumption (l/d/inhab) 69,65 100%

Bath shower 40,54 58%

Linen 10,4 15%

Dishes 8,66 12%

Food Cooking 8,32 12%

Drinking 1,73 2%

Sanitary 0 0%

Car/Garden 0 0%

Various domestics 0 0%

Figure 19 :

Usual Distribution of average daily

consumption of an inhabitant

Tableau 5 : Average consumption for SUMBIOSI


38

From these data it was necessary to evaluate scenarios of consumption based

on the population in the house. For this we developed a file to assess the daily

consumption based on the habits of the population. (See appendixes PL-011).

Youll find below a description of the use of the file.

This Excel spreadsheet is designed to evaluate daily water consumption of a population and to quantify the size of tank of our system of sewerage.

Using: Results are obtained through the ratios between the daily

consumption expected, the scenario of occupation and consumption scenario.

Input data:

Total number of people NTOT

Total number of people NTOT

Daily occupancy scenario

Hour

Nbre de personnes prsentes (semaine)

0:00 4

1:00 4

-------- --------

22:00 4

23:00 4

Total water consumption (l/d/EH) CTOT

Consumption per inhabitant (l/d/hab)

CTOT


39

Consumption scenario

0:00 a.m --

7:00 a.m --

12:00 a.m --

10:00 p.m

11:00 p.m

Bath - shower 162,16 -- 1 -- -- 1

Sanitary 0 --

--

--

Linen 41,58 -- -- --

Dishes 34,65 -- 1 -- 1 --

Food - Cooking 33,26 -- 1 -- 1 --

Car/Garden 0 -- -- --

Domestics divers 0 -- -- --

Drinking 6,6 -- 1 -- 1 --

Analysis Context :

Informations :

NTOT = 4 EH CTOT = 85,4 l/d/ha Occupancy scenario :

Hour 0:00 a.m

1:00 a.m

2:00 a.m

3:00 a.m

4:00 a.m

5:00 a.m

6:00 a.m

7:00 a.m

8:00 a.m

9:00 a.m

10:00 a.m

11:00 a.m

Number of people

4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 1 1 1 1

Hour 12:00 a.m

1:00 p.m

2:00 p.m

3:00 p.m

4:00 p.m

5:00 p.m

6:00 p.m

7:00 p.m

8:00 p.m

9:00 p.m

10:00 p.m

11:00 p.m

Number of people

2 1 1 1 1 3 3 3 4 4 4 4

Consumption scenario (see Excel file attached)

Results:

After obtaining the results, we add the different consumption at times of

our choice so to best represent the amount of water consumed during the day

and by phase. These hours are to be optimized according to usage scenarios:


40

Type of population:

o Young active with/without children; o Seniors retired; o Seasons; o Regions/climates: Mediterranean, north, southwest, center,

etc.

We chose here: 8:00 a.m, 3:00 p.m, 11 :00 p.m.

8:00 a.m : 104,6 L 3:00 p.m : 64,4 L 11 :00 p.m : 172,6 L

Conclusion: With these results, we recommend a storage tank of

treated water downstream of the installation of 300L.

A quantity corresponding to rainfall must be added.

Therefore, we will consider a capacity of 350 L, dimensions: 1,4 x 1,4

x0,18 m (Length x Width x Height).

The storage tank of treated water will design craft for practical reasons,

it will consist in the following:

Treated

water

Irrigation

system

Ultrasonic

level sensor


41

As part of the contest and for the smooth running of the house, it is

necessary to incorporate a water tank in order to simulate the initial presence

of 4 pe (population equivalent). The average consumption per day for 4 pe to

SUMBIOSI is about 300L, 4.2 m3 for the contest period

(14 days). The house is still a minimum service; we will

add a 2 m3 tank polyethylene reinforced, impact resistant

and UV.

Specifications

- Color: dark green

- Material : polyethylene renforced, impact resistant and

UV.

- Capacity 2 x 1000 litrers

- Dimensions L x W x H : 2 x (1050 x 770 x 1740) mm

- Net weight : 2 x 43 kg

Cubic tank Small footprint Large inspection cover secure Easy to match.


42

Tables of comparative studies and decision support for the choice of Lombrifiltre:

For greywater treatment we chose treatment with earthworms, the system

operates according to the treatment plant Combaillaux (France). The

documentation for the station is attached.

This decision was taken following a comparative study of different types of

treatment devices and water reuse. Here is a summary of the study.

Septik tank +

Spreading Reed bed filters Lagoon

Filters planted with bamboo

Lombriflitre

Sector Individual only

Appropritae for collective Individual difficult to implement



Individual/Collectif

Sizing (for 5

people)

ST : 4 m3

Spreading : 80 m2 10-15 m2 50-75 m2 50 m2 1 m2

Maintenance

- Prefilter, degreaser: cleaning every 6 months - ST: sludge drain every 4 years

- Regular monitoring of facilities - Cleaning out every 10 years (possible use of sludge)

- Regular monitoring of facilities - Cleaning out every 10 years (possible use of sludge)

- Regular monitoring of facilities - Bamboo cutting: every 4 years

- Regular monitoring of facilities - Add a few cm of substrate annually - Full cleaning every 1 years

Quality purification

COD (%): SS (%): P (%):

+ -- -- --

+++ 90 % 95 % Bon si apatite

++ (+ autre technique) 60 % -- 60 %

+ (+ autre technique) -- -- Bon

+++ (+ another technique) 83 % 92 % 10 %

Interaction with the

environment Strong Strong Strong

Low (no water is released into the wilf)

Strong

Cost 3500 - 5000 + 7000 - 9000 +++ ++ (+ autre technique)

++ (+ autre technique)

3000 - 5000 +

Remak No water reuse can Water reuse can Water reuse can No water reuse can Water reuse can

COD: Chemical Oxygen Demand

SS: Suspend Solid

P: Phosphorus

The Lombrifiltre proves to be the sewerage system which suited the best to

individual homes.


43

2.7.3 Rainwater collection system Rainwater will be collected in north and south wall, accordance

with roof slopes, then processed and stored through the NCS (Non-

Collective Sanitation) system. It is angled horizontal drain rain, flowing

into a horizontal gutter channeling water to a water box.

Figure 24: Rainwater harvesting in south

wall (detail 1)

Figure 25: Rainwater harvesting in north wall

(detail 2)

Figure 29: rainwater harvesting in west

wall

Figure 27:

Detail 1

Water box

Water box Overflow

Use of

water

Figure 28:

Detail 2

Water box Overflow

Water box

Use of

water

Figure 26:

Section of the

evacuation rain

Sealing

Out rainwater

Extensive vegetation Sterile area


44

Appendixes

PL-01 : Plumbing Plan : design by Profil PL-011 : Retail consumption : calculation details PL-012 : Technical documentation of Combaillaux (France)

station (Lombrifiltre)

PL-013 : Irrigation pump : EcoPro pump 34-1 E (Society KSB) PL-101 : Schematic diagram

PL-201 : Compact solution : Nilan

2.7.4 Maintenance and accessibility The sanitation system is concentrated in the closet south west. For

maintenance just open the closet doors that provide access to the system and

act as required.

2.8 Electrical system design

The 4 main criteria for electrical system are energy saving, noise, price and the

interior design. The autonomous house aim makes the energy saving

compulsory. Then, the noise and the cost of each equipment are our second

criteria. In some case, these two subjects could overtake the energy saving

because the noise comfort is important for daily living and our budget may also

be limited. Eventually, the interior design will fix our choice.

The electric cabinet is located on the south east of Sumbiosi behind the

kitchen. The access to the technical room is behind the fridge. The electrical

system maintenance is made this way. A special circuit breaker will be added

in the kitchen in order to cut off the house electricity. The electrical protection

complies with the French regulation (NF C 15-100). Electromagnetic emissions

are reduced with the use of special electrical cables.

The home automation system provides for residents advice on their energy

(electricity and water) consumption when it is higher than the usual and

consumption diagrams and sensibilized them to a better way of life. The aim is

to increase awareness of the energy needs and therefore curb the useless

energy consumption in the house. The system is able to take care of repetitive

tasks and control automatically power decisions (turn on/off the lights, the


45

ventilation, etc.) in order to ensure the whole autonomy of the house.

Moreover the meteorological data are acquired in order to anticipate the

change of weather and thus optimize the supplies of water and electricity. Thus

the house is energy independent. Furthermore the use of sensors without

batteries is an efficient means of saving energy and raw materials.

2.8.1 Calculations and justifications All the equipments used for the PV installation are located in the technical

room which is closed by a door. Indeed in the technical room there are the 3

inverters, the battery bank, the protection devices and junction boxes. The PV

and CPV modules are on the roof, they are not accessible.

Warning labels will be placed on all junction boxes.

For the maintenance of the PV and CPV modules maintenance way is done on

the roof to access to the modules. For all the devices located in the technical

room, the access is easy by entering in the room.

All the equipments are grounded by a copper cable with a section of16mm.

The neutral is also grounded.

For all the cables you will find below the calculations.


46

Circuit

:

5000TL A

Nb of chanel (Nc) : 1

Nb modules/chanel

:

10

Modules

ref. :

Rezosolar RS 250 250Wc

Umpp

(Vdc) :

30,12 Impp (A) : 7,97 Ir

(A)

:

20 Uocgenmax

(-20) :

437,3

Uoc

(Vdc) :

37,06 Icc (A) : 8,57 Coef. T

(%/C) :

0,4 Uocgenmin

(+80) :

289,1

Protection of

modules

Ncmax

(1+Ir/Icc) :

2,45

Fuse (1,4Icc


47

0,0023 mm/m

Cable modules Cable Cable Cable

section 4 6 6

lenght (ml) 10 17 2

Impp (A) 7,97 7,97 7,97

Umpp (Vdc) 301,2 301,2 301,2

Voltage drop

(%)

0,03 0,03 0,00

Global voltage drop (%) : 0,07

Circuit

:

SB1200

Nb of chanel (Nc) : 1

Nb modules/chanel :

15

Modules

ref.

:

Opel solar Mk-Id 90Wc

Umpp (Vdc) :

15,6 Impp (A) : 5,8 Ir (A)

:

0 Uocgenmax (-20) :

278,6

Uoc

(Vdc) :

17,4 Icc (A) : 6,4 Coef. T

(%/C) :

0,15 Uocgenmin

(+80) :

239,5

Protection of

modules

Ncmax

(1+Ir/Icc) :

na

Calibre fusible (1,4Icc


48

Method of

installation

K1 14 F 1 (52G)

Temperature K2 50 0,82 (52K)

Nb of layers K3 1 1 (52N)

Nb of contiguous

circuit

K4 2 1 (52O)

Result : I'z/(K1.K2.K3.K4) = 7,80

Voltage drop

U/U(%)=((2LI/S)/U)x100 avec = 0,0023 mm/m

Cable modules Cable Cable Cable

section 4 6 6

lenght (ml) 15 17 2

Impp (A) 5,8 5,8 5,8

Umpp (Vdc) 234 234 234

Voltage drop

(%)

0,04 0,03 0,00

Global voltage drop (%) : 0,08

In the DC protection boxes there is an unpolarized disconnecting switch with a

maximum voltage of 600V and we have 400V in our installation. Besides the

maximum current of the switch is 25A and we have 6.25A in our installation.

For the direct and indirect contact protection, in the AC protection box there is

a GFCI 30mA type PV Asi and a GFCI 1P + N 25A.

2.8.2 Lombrifiltre and watering control

2.8.2.1 Lombrifiltre needs House gray water is processed by lombrifiltre in order to reuse it like watering

water for the plant wall. The system is composed of a crusher, a first storage

tank buffer, the lombrifiltre itself and a second storage tank cistern. The

second tank cistern is used for the plant wall and the tank buffer feed

steadily the lombrifiltre.

After each tank, a pump is controlled with the water level, the earthworms and

plant needs. The main aim is to pilot the whole system the best way. The two

pumps are ordered in ON/OFF. A low-level must be respected in the tank to

keep the pumps prime.


49

2.8.2.2 Watering pump control: Many irrigating areas will be commanded. The irrigation will be done for 2

different areas, the green roof and the plants around the deck. The pump

power is chosen in order to run with only one valve opens at the same time.

Tank sensors detect in real time the water level to manage the best way the

use of water. Some home automation script will optimize the earthworm water

consumption. Two ON/OFF sensors in each tank will detect the water low-level

and the water high-level. The low-level maintains the pumps prime and the

high-level prevents for water sensors flooding.

The lombrifiltre pump will be controlled the same way. The practice time will

give us back recommendations about water earthworms needs. A buried

humidity sensor will be placed in the earthworm life area. In the vacation

mode, the tank cistern water would be saved the longest time it is possible in

order to keep the earthworm alive. In the normal mode, the tank cistern

level will be high anticipating the next vacation time.

The earthworm life area is located in the middle of the lombrifiltre so the

humidity level will be shift phase. The shift will be calculated and the pump

control will be adapted. This pump is ON/OFF working.

2.8.3 Plumbing system home automation The water consumption will be followed by the home automation. The aim is to

communicate the water wasting to users in order to help them to change their

habits. The data will be provided by the supervisor on the IPAD, so the

consumer can try to improve his performances.

2.9 Photovoltaic system design

2.9.1 General description The solar systems were a very important part of our thinking. We consider that

for the Solar Decathlon Europe 2012 and for the future of housing its

necessary to research about solar systems to improve them. Therefore we

thought the best strategy for our project. We want, through Sumbiosi project,

to increase public awareness of new technologies and an intelligent use of

energy. We also want to improve actual technologies and make a difference in

this field.

Based on this reflection we decided to design and use two different solar

systems. The first one is a completely innovative system and the second one is


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an industrially one. In these two cases we have to optimize the system. The

industrially system will produce all the energy necessary for the proper

functioning of the house (electricity and hot water). The innovative one will be

made to show the new technology and will produce a part of the energy for

household needs. This technology is studied in order to show that some

solutions exist to improve the energy efficiency in solar systems. These ones

are a very good solution to generate solar electricity for ecological districts.

Indeed the design of this product is not suitable for individual houses but very

efficient for a quarter with several building and electrical storage.

You can see in this picture the roof of Sumbiosi project with solar systems. In

the center of the roof there are 6 CPVs systems. These ones focus sunlight to

minimize the photovoltaic ar

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