ADMINISTRATION OF POLICE ORGANIZATION
Police - one of the pillars of the criminal justice system that
has the specific responsibility of maintaining law and order and
combating crime within the society. - comes from Latin
"politia"-civil administration which itself derives from the
ancient Greek police "city"
Administration - an organizational process concerned with the
implementation of objectives and plans and internal operating
efficiency.
Organization - a group of persons working together for a common
goal or objectives.
Police Organization - a group of trained personnel in the field
of public safety administration engaged in the achievement of goals
and objectives that promotes the maintenance of peace and order,
protection of life and property, enforcement of the laws and the
prevention of crimes.
Enforcement - means to compel obedience to a law, regulation or
command.
Law Enforcement Agency - pertains to an organization responsible
for enforcing the laws.
Objectives - refer to the purpose by which the organization was
created. Refer to the goals of the organization.
Supervision - means the act of watching over the work or tasks
of the members of the organization to ensure that desired results
are achieved.
Management - the process of directing and facilitating the work
of people organized in formal groups in order to achieve
objectives. Judicious or wise use of resources such as: manpower,
material, money, equipment, supplies and time.
Hierarchy - represents the formal relationship among superiors
and subordinates in any given organization. Serve as the framework
for the flow of authority downward and obedience upward, through
the department.
Authority - the right to command and control the behavior of
employees in lower positions within an organizational hierarchy.
Must be viewed in terms of prescribed roles rather than of
individuals.
Management/Administrative Functions1. Planning2. Organizing3.
Directing 4. Controlling5. Staffing6. Reporting7. Budgeting
Principles of efficient Management
* Division of work - work specialization can increase efficiency
with the same amount of effort.
* Authority and Responsibility - authority includes the right to
command and the power to require obedience. One cannot have
authority without responsibility.
* Discipline - necessary for an organization to function
effectively, however, the state of the disciplinary process depends
upon the quality of its leaders.
* Unity of Command - subordinate should receive orders from one
superior only.
* Scalar Chain - the hierarchy of authority is the order of
ranks from the highest to the lowest levels of the organization.
Show the vertical hierarchy of the organization which defines an
unbroken chain of units from top to bottom describing explicitly
the flow of authority.
Organizational Units in the Police Organization
1. Functional Units Bureau - the largest organic functional unit
within a large department; comprised of several divisions.
Division - a primary subdivision of a bureau.
Section - functional unit within a division that is necessary
for specialization.
Unit - functional group within a section or the smallest
functional group within an organization.
2. Territorial Units
Post - a fixed point or location to which an officer is assigned
for duty.
Route - a length of streets designated for patrol purpose, also
called line beat.
Beat - an area designed for patrol purposes whether foot or
motorized.
Sector - an area containing two or more beat, route or post.
District - a geographical subdivision of a city for patrol
purposes, usually with its own station. Area - a section or
territorial division of a large city each comprised of designated
districts.
ORGANIZATIONAL PRINCIPLES
FOUR PRIMAL CONDITIONS OF AN ORGANIZATION1. AUTHORITY- the
supreme source of government for any particular organization- the
right to exercise, to decide and to command by virtue of rank and
position
2. MUTUAL COOPERATION- an organization exists because it serves
a purpose.
3. DOCTRINE- provides for the organizations objectives -
provides the various actions, hence, policies, procedures, rules
and regulations of the org. are based on the statement of
doctrines.4. DISCIPLINE- comprising behavioral regulations ELEMENTS
OF POLICE ORGANIZATION
1. UNITY OF COMMAND - dictates that there should only be ONE MAN
commanding the unit to ensure uniformity in the execution of
orders.
2. SPAN OF CONTROL - the maximum number of subordinates that a
superior can effectively supervise
3. Factors affecting the span of control:a) Leadership qualities
of the supervisorsb) Nature of the job and work conditionsc)
Complexity of taskd) Education and skill of the employees
4. DELEGATION OF AUTHORITY - conferring of an amount of
authority by a superior position to a lower-level position.
5. HIERARCHY OF AUTHORITY - the relationship between superiors
and subordinates serves as the framework for the flow of authority
downward and obedience upward through the department
6. HIERARCHY - represents the formal relationship among
superiors and subordinates in any given organization
7. SPECIALIZATION - the assignment of particular personnel to
particular tasks
8. SPECIALIZATION OF JOBS (AREAS OF SPECIALIZATION) - the
designation of certain activities or tasks as ones that must be
performed in a highly technological, scientific or precise manner
areas of police specialization include undercover works, crime
scene operations, legal advising, computer work, SWAT operations
and others
9. SPECIALIZATION OF PEOPLE (SPECIALISTS) - the designation of
particular persons as having expertise in a specific area of work
signifies the adaptation of an individual to the requirements
through extensive training
10. CHAIN OF COMMAND - the arrangement of officers from top to
bottom on the basis of rank or position and authority.
11. COMMAND RESPONSIBILITY - dictates that immediate commanders
shall be responsible for the effective supervision and control.
