Admin Law Reviewer

UST GOLDEN NOTES 2011

POLITICALLAWTEAM:ADVISER:ATTY.EDWINREYSANDOVAL;SUBJECTHEAD:RACHELMARIEL.FELICES;ASST.SUBJECTHEADS:WIVINOE.BRACEROII&HERAZEUSCHRISTINEY.UY;MEMBERS:LAWRENCEPAULOH.AQUINO,LEANDRORODELV.ATIENZA,MARINETHEASTERAND.AYOS,CARLOR.BALA,WILFREDOT.BONILLA,JR.,KEELACHERNARR.DINOY,APRILV.ENRILE,KENNETHJAMESCARLOC.HIZON,JOSEMARIAG.MENDOZA,ROGERCHRISTOPHERR.REYES,ROMILINDAC.SIBAL,JASMINM.SISON,ZARAHPATRICIAT.SUAREZ,RALPHJULIOUSL.VILLAMOR.

J.ADMINISTRATIVELAW

a.GENERALPRINCIPLESQ:DefineAdministrativeLaw?A: It is a branch of public law fixing theorganization anddetermines the competenceofadministrative authorities, and indicates theindividualremediesfortheviolationoftherights.Q:WhatarethekindsofAdministrativeLaw?A:

1. Statutes setting up administrativeauthorities.

2. Bodyofdoctrinesanddecisionsdealingwiththecreation,operation,andeffectof determinations and regulations ofsuchadministrativeauthorities.

3. Rules, regulations, or orders of suchadministrative authorities inpursuanceof the purposes, for whichadministrativeauthoritieswerecreatedorendowed.

4. Determinations, decisions, and ordersofsuchadministrativeauthoritiesinthesettlement of controversies arising intheirparticularfield.

b.CREATIONOFADMINISTRATIVEBODIESAND

AGENCIESQ:Whatisanadministrativeagency?A: It is an organ of government, other than acourtandthelegislature,whichaffectstherightsofprivateparties either through adjudicationorrulemaking.Q:Howareagenciescreated?A:By:

1. Constitutionalprovision2. Authorityoflaw3. Legislativeenactment

Q:Citereasonsforthecreationofadministrativeagencies.A:To:

1. Helpunclogcourtdockets2. mMeet the growing complexities of

modernsociety3. Help in the regulation of ramified

activitiesofadevelopingcountry4. Entrust tospecializedagencies the task

of dealingwith problems as they have

theexperience,expertise,andpowerofdispatchtoprovidesolutionthereto.

Q:Whatisaninstrumentality?A:An instrumentalityreferstoanyagencyofthenational government not integrated within thedepartmental framework, vested with specialfunctionsor jurisdictionby law,withsome ifnotallcorporatepowers,administeringspecialfunds,and enjoying operational autonomy, usuallythroughacharter.(IronandSteelAuthorityv.CA,G.R.No.102976,Oct.25,1995)Q:WhatisanAgency?A:Anagency is anydepartment,bureau,office,commission, authority or officer of the nationalgovernment,authorizedbylaworexecutiveorderto make rules, issue licenses, grant rights orprivileges, and adjudicate cases; researchinstitutions with respect to licensing functions;government corporations with respect tofunctions regulating private rights, privileges,occupation or business, and officials in theexerciseofthedisciplinarypowersasprovidedbylaw.Q:Whatisthedistinctionbetweenthetwo?A: There is no practical distinction between aninstrumentality and agency, for all intents andpurposes. A distinction, however,may bemadewith respect to those entities possessing aseparatechartercreatedbystatute.Q:Whatisaquasijudicialbodyoragency?A: A quasijudicial body or agency is anadministrative body with the power to hear,determine or ascertain facts and decide rights,duties and obligations of the parties by theapplication of rules to the ascertained facts. Bythispower,quasijudicialagenciesareenabledtointerpret and apply implementing rules andregulations promulgated by them and lawsentrusted to their administration. (2006 BarQuestion)

c.POWERSOFADMINISTRATIVEAGENCIESQ: What are the three basic powers ofadministrativeagencies?A:

1. Quasilegislative power or rulemakingpower

ADMINISTRATIVE LAW

2. Quasijudicialoradjudicatorypower3. Determinativepower

Q: Distinguish between quasilegislative andquasijudicialpower.A:

QUASILEGISLATIVE

UNIVERSITYOFSANTOTOMASF a c u l t a d d e D e r e c h o C i v i l ACADEMICSCHAIR:LESTERJAYALANE.FLORESIIVICECHAIRSFORACADEMICS:KARENJOYG.SABUGO&JOHNHENRYC.MENDOZAVICECHAIRFORADMINISTRATIONANDFINANCE:JEANELLEC.LEEVICECHAIRSFORLAYOUTANDDESIGN:EARLLOUIEM.MASACAYAN&THEENAC.MARTINEZ

QUASIJUDICIALOperatesonthefuture

Operatesbasedonpastfacts

Hasgeneralapplication

Has particularapplication (appliesonly to the partiesinvolvedinadispute)

Issuancepursuant to theexercise of quasilegislativepowermaybeassailed in courtwithoutsubscribing to thedoctrineofexhaustionofadministrative remedies(DEAR).

Issuance pursuant tothe exercise of quasijudicialpowermay,asarule,onlybechallengedin court with priorexhaustion ofadministrativeremedies.

Avalidexerciseofquasilegislative power doesnot require prior noticeand hearing (exceptwhenthelawrequiresit).

A valid exercise ofquasijudicial powerrequires prior noticeand hearing (exceptwhen the law requiresit)

An issuance pursuant tothe exercise of quasilegislativepowermaybeassailed in court throughanordinaryaction.

Anissuancepursuanttothe exercise of quasijudicial function isappealed to the Courtof Appeals via petitionforreview(Rule43).

1.QuasiLegislative(RuleMaking)PowerQ:Definequasilegislativepower.A: This is the exercise of delegated legislativepower,involvingnodiscretionastowhatthelawshallbe,butmerelytheauthoritytofixthedetailsin the execution or enforcement of a policy setoutinthelawitself.Q: What are the kinds of quasilegislativepower?A:

1. Legislativeregulation2. Supplementary or detailed legislation

whichisintendedtofillinthedetailsofthe law and to make explicit what isonlygeneral.e.g.RulesandRegulationsImplementingtheLaborCode.

3. Contingent legislation in whichadministrative agencies are allowed toascertain the existence of particularcontingenciesandon thebasis thereof

enforce or suspend the operation of alaw.

4. Interpretative legislation rules andregulations construing or interpretingthe provisions of a statute to beenforced andbindingon all concerneduntil changed. They have the effect oflaw and are entitled to great respecthavingintheirfavorthepresumptionoflegality.E.g.BIRcirculars.

Q:Whataretherequisitesforthevalidexerciseofquasilegislativepower?A:

1. Promulgated in accordance with thePrescribedprocedure.

2. Reasonable.3. IssuedunderAuthorityoflaw.4. Administrative regulations, issued for

the purpose of implementing existinglaw,pursuant toavaliddelegationareincluded in the term laws underArticle 2, of the Civil Code and musttherefore be published in order to beeffective.

5. It must be within the Scope andpurviewofthelaw.

6. Filing with the Office of the NationalAdministrative Register (ONAR) of theUniversityofthePhilippinesLawCenter

Note:Butmereinterpretativeregulations,andthosemerely internal in nature, i.e. regulating only thepersonnelof theadministrativeagencyandnot thepublic, need not be published (Taada v. Tuvera,G.R.No.63915,December29,1986)Q:Whataretheguidelinestorulemaking?A:

1. Itmustbeconsistentwith the lawandtheconstitution

2. Itmusthavereasonablerelationshiptothepurposeofthelaw

3. It must be within the limits of thepower granted to administrativeagencies

4. Maynotamend,alter,modify,supplant,enlarge,limitornullifythetermsofthelaw

5. It must be uniform in operation,reasonable and not unfair ordiscriminatory

6. Must be promulgated in accordancewiththeprescribedprocedure

Q:What are the limitations on the exercise ofquasilegislativepower?

UST GOLDEN NOTES 2011 A:

1. It must be within the limits of thepowers granted to administrativeagencies.

2. Cannotmakerulesorregulationswhichare inconsistent with the provision oftheConstitutionorstatute.

3. Cannot defeat the purpose of thestatute.

4. Maynotamend,alter,modify,supplant,enlarge, or limit the terms of thestatute.

5. Aruleorregulationmustbeuniform inoperation,reasonableandnotunfairordiscriminatory.

Q: May an administrative agency promulgaterulesprovidingforpenalsanction?A: Yes, provided the following requisites arecompliedwith:

1. The law must declare the actpunishable;

2. Thelawmustdefinethepenalty;3. The rules must be published in the

Official Gazette. (The Hon. SecretaryVincent S. Perez v. LPG RefillersAssociation of the Philippines,G.R.No.159149,June26,2006)

Q: Are administrative officers tasked toimplement the lawalsoauthorized to interpretthelaw?A: Yes, because they have expertise to do so.(PLDTv.NTC,G.R.No.88404,Oct.18,1990)Q: Are constructions of administrative officersbindinguponthecourts?A: Such interpretations of administrative officeraregivengreatweight,unlesssuchconstructionisclearly shown to be in sharp contrast with thegoverning lawor statute. (NestlePhilippines Inc.v.CA,G.R.No.86738,Nov.13,1991)


Q: What is the Doctrine of SubordinateLegislation? A:Powerofadministrativeagencytopromulgaterulesandregulationsonmatterswithintheirownspecialization.Q:Whatisthereasonbehindthedelegation?A: It is well established in this jurisdiction that,while the making of laws is a nondelegableactivity thatcorrespondsexclusivelytoCongress,

nevertheless the latter may constitutionallydelegate authority to promulgate rules andregulations to implementagiven legislationandeffectuate its policies, for the reason that thelegislature often finds it impracticable (if notimpossible) to anticipate and provide for themultifariousand complex situations thatmaybemet in carrying the law into effect. All that isrequiredisthattheregulationshouldbegermaneto theobjectsandpurposesof the law; that theregulation be not in contradiction with it, butconformtothestandardsthatthelawprescribes.Q:What are the limitations on the doctrine ofsubordinatelegislation?A:

1. Rulemakingpower2. Cannot contravene a statute or the

constitution3. PartakesthenatureofastatuteRules

are not laws but have the force andeffectoflaws.

4. Enjoys the presumption of legality therefore courts should respect andapply them unless declared invalid; allother agencies should likewise respectthem.

Q: What is the concept of ContemporaneousConstruction? A:Theconstructionplaceduponthestatutebyanexecutiveoradministrativeofficercalledupontoexecuteoradministersuchstatute.Theseinterpretativeregulationsareusuallyintheformofcirculars,directives,opinions,andrulings.Note: Contemporaneous construction,while innocase binding upon the courts, is neverthelessentitled to great weight and respect in theinterpretation of ambiguous provisions of the law,unlessitisshowntobeclearlyerroneous.

2.QuasiJudicial(Adjudicatory)PowerQ:Definequasijudicialpower.A:Itisthepowerofadministrativeauthoritiestomakedeterminationsoffactsintheperformanceoftheirofficialdutiesandtoapplythelawastheyconstrue it to the factsso found. Itpartakes thenature of judicial power, but is exercised by apersonotherthanajudge.

ADMINISTRATIVE LAW

Q: How is the jurisdiction of a quasijudicialagencyconstrued?A:Anadministrativebodytowhichquasijudicialpowerhasbeendelegatedisatribunaloflimitedjurisdiction and as such it couldwieldonly suchpowers as are specifically granted to it by itsenabling statute. Its jurisdiction is interpretedstrictissimijuris.


2.a.AdministrativeDueProcessQ: What is the nature of administrativeproceedings? A:Itissummaryinnature.Q: Is administrative proceedings bound bytechnicalrulesofprocedureandevidence?A: The technical rules of procedure and ofevidence prevailing in courts of law and equityarenotcontrolling inadministrativeproceedingsto free administrative boards or agencies fromthe compulsion of technical rules so that themere admission of matter which would bedeemed incompetent in judicial proceedingswouldnotinvalidateanadministrativeorder.Note:Therulesofprocedureofquasijudicialbodiesshall remain effective unless disapproved by theSupremeCourt.Q:Whatare the cardinalprimary requirementsofdueprocessinadministrativeproceedings?A:

1. Right to a hearing which includes theright topresentones caseand submitevidenceinsupport

2. Thetribunalmustconsidertheevidencepresented

3. The decision must be supported byevidence

4. Suchevidencemustbesubstantial5. The decision must be based on the

evidencepresentedatthehearingoratleast contained in the record, anddisclosedtothepartiesaffected

6. Thetribunalorbodyofanyofitsjudgesmust act on its own independentconsideration of the law and facts ofthecontroversyinarrivingatadecision;

7. The board or body should renderdecision that parties know the variousissues involved and reason for suchdecision

8. Officeror tribunalmustbevestedwithcompetent jurisdiction and must beimpartialandhonest.(AngTibayv.CIR,G.R.No.L46496,Feb.27,1940)

Note: The essence of procedural due process inadministrativeproceedings is theopportunity tobeheard, i.e. theopportunity toexplainones sideoropportunity to seek reconsideration of an adversedecision.What the law prohibits is not the absence ofprevious notice but the absolute absence thereofandthelackofopportunitytobeheard.Q:Does thedueprocess clauseencompass theright to be assisted by counsel during anadministrativeinquiry?A: No. The right to counsel which may not bewaived,unless inwritingand in thepresenceofcounsel, as recognized by the Constitution, is arightofasuspectinacustodialinvestigation.Itisnotanabsolute rightandmay, thus,be invokedorrejectedincriminalproceedingand,withmorereason,inanadministrativeinquiry.(Lumiquedv.Exevea,G.RNo..117565,Nov.18,1997) Q: What is the quantum of proof required inadministrativeproceedings?A: Only substantial evidence that amount ofrelevant evidence that a reasonablemindmightacceptasadequatetosupportaconclusion.Q: When is the requirement of notice andhearingnotnecessary?A:

1. Urgencyofimmediateaction2. Tentativenessofadministrativeaction3. Grant or revocation of licenses or

permits to operate certain businessesaffectingpublicorderormorals

4. Summaryabatementofnuisancepersewhich affects safety of persons orproperty

5. Preventive suspension of public officeror employee facing administrativecharges

6. Cancellation of a passport of a personsoughtforcriminalprosecution

7. Summary proceedings of distraint andlevy upon property of a delinquenttaxpayer

8. Replacement of a temporary or actingappointee

9. Right was previously offered but notclaimed



2.b.AdministrativeAppealandReviewQ: What is the concept of AdministrativeAppeal? A: It refers to the review by ahigher agency ofdecisions rendered by an administrative agency,commencedbypetitionofaninterestedparty.Note:Administrativeappealsareestablishedbythe1987 Administrative Code, which will governprimarilyintheabsenceofaspecific lawapplicable.Underthe1987AdministrativeCode,administrativeappeals from a decision of an agency are taken totheDepartmentHead.Q:Whatistheconceptofadministrativereview? A:Administrativeappealsarenottheonlywaybywhichadecisionofanadministrativeagencymaybe reviewed. A superior officer or departmentheadmayuponhisorherownvolition reviewasubordinatesdecisionpursuant to thepower ofcontrol.Administrative reviewsby a superiorofficer are,however, subject to the caveat that a final andexecutory decision is not included within thepower of control, and hence can no longer bealteredbyadministrativereview.Q: How may administrative decisions beenforced?A:Itmaybeenforced.

1. Asprovidedforbylaw2. Mayinvokethecourtsintervention

2.c.AdministrativeResJudicataQ: Does the doctrine of res judicata apply toadministrativeproceedings?A: The doctrine of res judicata applies only tojudicial or quasi judicial proceedings and not tothe exercise of purely administrative functions.Administrativeproceedings arenon litigious andsummary innature;hence, res judicatadoesnotapply.3.Licensing,RateFixingandFactFindingPowersQ:WhatisLicensingPower?A: The action of an administrative agency ingrantingordenying,orinsuspendingorrevoking,alicense,permit,franchise,orcertificateofpublic

convenience and necessity. (De Leon,AdministrativeLaw,2010)Q:Whatisthenatureofanadministrativeagencysact if it is empowered by a statute to revoke alicense for noncompliance or violation of agencyregulations?A:Forproceduralpurposes,anadministrativeactionisnotapurelyadministrativeact if it isdependentupon the ascertainment of facts by theadministrative agency. Where a statute empowersan agency to revoke a license for noncompliancewith or violation of agency regulations, theadministrative act is of a judicial nature, since itdependsupontheascertainment iftheexistenceofcertainpastorpresentfactsuponwhichadecisionistobemadeandrightsandliabilitiesdetermined.

Q:DefineRateFixingPower.A: It is the power usually delegated by thelegislature to administrative agencies for thelatter to fix the rates which public utilitycompanies may charge the public. (De Leon,AdministrativeLaw,2010)Q:Whatdoesthetermratemean?A:Itmeansanychargetothepublicforaserviceopen to all andupon the same terms, includingindividual or joint rates, tolls, classification orschedules thereof, as well as communication,mileage, kilometrage and other special rateswhichshallbeimposedbylaworregulationtobeobservedandfollowedbyaperson.Note:Fixingratesisessentiallylegislativebutmaybedelegated. (Philippine InterIsland v. CA, G.R. No.100481,January22,1997)Q:Howisratefixingpowerperformed?A: The administrative agencies perform thisfunctioneitherbyissuingrulesandregulationsintheexerciseoftheirquasilegislativepowerorbyissuingordersaffectingaspecifiedperson in theexercise of its quasijudicial power. (De Leon,AdministrativeLaw,2010)Q: May the functionof fixing ratesbeeitheralegislativeoradjudicativefunction?A: Yes. The function of prescribing rates by anadministrativeagencymaybeeithera legislativeor and adjudicative function. (De Leon,AdministrativeLaw,2010)

ADMINISTRATIVE LAW

Q: If the power to fix rates is exercised as alegislative function, are notice and hearingrequired?A: Where the rules and/or rates laid down aremeant toapply toallenterprisesofagivenkindthroughout the country, they may partake of alegislativecharacter. If the fixingof rateswerealegislativefunction,thegivingofpriornoticeandhearing to the affected parties is not arequirement of due process, except where thelegislature itself requires it. (De Leon,AdministrativeLaw,2010)Q: What if it is exercised as a quasijudicialfunction?A:Where the rules and the rate imposed applyexclusively to a particular party, based upon afindingoffact,thenitsfunctionisquasijudicialincharacter.As regards ratesprescribedbyanadministrativeagency in the exercise of its quasijudicialfunction,priornoticeandhearingareessentialtothe validity of such rates. But an administrativeagency may be empowered by law to approveprovisionally, when demanded by urgent publicneed, rates of public utilitieswithout a hearing.(DeLeon,AdministrativeLaw,2010)Note:Asageneral rule,noticeandhearingarenotessential to the validityof an administrative actionwheretheadministrativebodyactsintheexerciseofexecutive, administrative, or legislative functions;but where a public administrative body acts in ajudicial or quasijudicial matter, and its acts areparticular and immediate rather than general andprospective, the person whose rights or propertymaybe affectedby the action is entitled tonoticeandhearing. (PhilippineConsumersFoundation, Inc.v Secretary of DECS, G.R. No. 78385, August 31,1987)Q: In caseofadelegationof ratefixingpower,whatistheonlystandardwhichthelegislatureisrequired to prescribe for the guidance ofadministrativeauthority?A: That the rate be reasonable and just.(American Tobacco Co. vDirector of Patents, 67SCRA287,1975)Q: In theabsenceofanexpress requirementasto reasonableness, may the standard beimplied?

A:Yes. Inanycase, the ratesmustbothbenonconfiscatory and must have been established in

themannerprescribedbythelegislature.Eveninthe absence of an express requirement as toreasonableness, this standardmaybe implied.Aratefixingorder,temporaryorprovisionalthoughit may be, is not exempt from the proceduralrequirements of notice and hearing whenprescribedbystatute,aswellastherequirementof reasonableness. (De Leon,Administrative Law2010,pp.164165)Q:May thedelegatedpower to fix ratesbe redelegated?A: The power delegated to an administrativeagencytofixratescannot,intheabsenceofalawauthorizing it, be delegated to another. This isexperessed in themaxim,potestasdelagatanondelegari protest. (Kilusang Mayo Uno LaborCenterv.Garcia,Jr.,39SCRA386,1994)Q: Maycongressdelegate toanadministrativeagency thepower toascertain factsasbasis todeterminewhen a lawmay take into effect orwhetheralawmaybesuspendedorcometoanend,inaccordancewiththepurposeorpolicyofthelawandthestandardfortheexerciseofthepowerdelegated?A:Yes.Thisisnotdelegationofwhatthelawshallbe, but how the law will be enforced, which ispermissible. Hence the legislature may delegateto an administrative agency the power todetermine some fact or state of things uponwhichthelawmakes,orintendstomake,itsownaction depend, or the law may provide that itshall become operative only upon thecontingency or some certain fact or event, theascertainment of which is left to anadministrativeagency.(1Am.Jur.2d930931)Q:Whataretherequirementsforthedelegationofthepowertoascertainfactstobevalid?A: The law delegating the power to determinesomefactsorstateofthingsuponwhichthe lawmaytakeeffector itsoperationsuspendedmustprovide the standard, fix the limitswithinwhichthe discretionmay be exercised, and define theconditions therefor. Absent these requirements,thelawandtherulesissuedthereunderarevoid,the former being an undue delegation oflegislativepowerandthelatterbeingtheexerciseif rulemaking without legal basis. (U.S. v. AngTangHo,43Phil.1,1992)Q: In connection with the evidence presentedbeforea factfindingquasi judicialbody,do thelatter have a power to take into consideration

UNIVERSITYOFSANTOTOMASF a c u l t a d d e D e r e c h o C i v i l

ACADEMICSCHAIR:LESTERJAYALANE.FLORESIIVICECHAIRSFORACADEMICS:KARENJOYG.SABUGO&JOHNHENRYC.MENDOZAVICECHAIRFORADMINISTRATIONANDFINANCE:JEANELLEC.LEEVICECHAIRSFORLAYOUTANDDESIGN:EARLLOUIEM.MASACAYAN&THEENAC.MARTINEZ

UST GOLDEN NOTES 2011 the result of its own observation andinvestigation of the matter submitted to it fordecision?


A: A factfinding quasijudicial body (e.g., LandTransportationFranchisingandRegulatoryBoard)whose decisions (on questions regardingcertificatedofpublicconvenience)areinfluencednotonlybythefactsasdisclosedbytheevidenceinthecasebeforeitbutalsobythereportsofitsfield agents and inspectors that are periodicallysubmitted to it, has the power to take intoconsideration the result of its own observationandinvestigationofthemattersubmittedtoitfordecision, in connection with other evidencepresentedat thehearingof the case (PantrancoSouthExpress, Inc.vBoardofTransportaion,191SCRA581,1991)

4.DeterminativePowersQ:Definedeterminativepowers.A: It is the power of administrative agencies tobetterenablethemtoexercisetheirquasijudicialauthority.Q:Whatconsisteddeterminativepowers?A:DEDE_S

1. EnablingPermits thedoingofanactwhich the law undertakes to regulateand which would be unlawful withoutgovernmentapproval.

2. Directing Orders the doing orperformance of particular acts toensurethecompliancewiththelawandare often exercised for correctivepurposes.

3. Dispensing To relax the generaloperation of a law or to exempt fromgeneral prohibition, or to relieve anindividual or a corporation from anaffirmativeduty.

4. Examining This is also calledinvestigatory power. It requiresproduction of books, papers, etc., theattendanceofwitnessesandcompellingtheirtestimony.

5. SummaryPower toapplycompulsionor forceagainstpersonsorproperty toeffectuate a legal purpose withoutjudicial warrants to authorize suchactions.

d.JUDICIALRECOURSEANDREVIEW

1.DoctrineofPrimaryAdministrativeJurisdiction

Q:Whatisthedoctrineofprimaryjurisdictionordoctrineofpriorresort?A: Under the principle of primary jurisdiction,courtscannotorwillnotdetermineacontroversyinvolving question within the jurisdiction of anadministrativebodyprior to thedecisionof thatquestionbytheadministrativetribunalwhere:

1. The question demands administrativedetermination requiring specialknowledge, experience and services oftheadministrativetribunal;

2. Thequestionrequiresdeterminationof

technicalandintricateissuesofafact;

3. The uniformity of ruling is essential tocomplywithpurposesoftheregulatorystatuteadministered

Note:Insuchinstances,reliefmustfirstbeobtainedinadministrativeproceedingbeforearemedywillbesupplied by the courts even though the matter iswithintheproperjurisdictionofacourt.Thejudicialprocessisaccordinglysuspendedpendingreferraloftheclaimtotheadministrativeagencyforitsview.Q:Whatarethereasonsforthisdoctrine?A:

1. Totakefulladvantageofadministrativeexpertness;and

2. To attain uniformity of application of

regulatory laws which can be securedonlyifdeterminationoftheissueislefttotheadministrativebody

Q:Whenisthedoctrineinapplicable?A:

1. When,bythecourt'sdetermination,thelegislaturedidnotintendthattheissuesbe left solely to the initialdetermination of the administrativebody.

2. When the issues involve purely

questionsoflaw.

3. Whencourtsandadministrativebodieshaveconcurrentjurisdiction.

ADMINISTRATIVE LAW

Q:Canthecourtmotuproprioraisethe issueofprimaryjurisdiction?A:Thecourtmaymotuproprioraisethe issueofprimary jurisdictionand its invocation cannotbewaivedbythefailureofthepartiestoargueit,asthedoctrineexists for theproperdistributionofpower between judicial and administrativebodiesandnotfortheconvenienceoftheparties.Insuchcasethecourtmay:

1. Suspend the judicial process pendingreferral of such issues to theadministrativebodyforitsreview,or

2. If the parties would not be unfairlydisadvantaged,dismissthecasewithoutprejudiced.(EuroMedlaboratoriesPhil.vs. Province of Batangas, G.R No.148706,July17,2006)


2.DoctrineofExhaustionofAdministrativeRemedies

Q: What is the doctrine of exhaustion ofadministrativeremedies? A: This doctrine calls for resort first to theappropriate administrative authorities in theresolution of a controversy falling under theirjurisdiction and must first be appealed to theadministrative superiors up to the highest levelbeforethesamemaybeelevatedtothecourtsofjusticeforreview.Note: The premature invocation of the courtsintervention is fatal to ones cause of action.Exhaustion of administrative remedies is aprerequisite for judicial review; it is a conditionprecedentwhichmustbecompliedwith.Q: What are the reasons for exhaustingadministrativeremedies?A:

1. To enable the administrative superiorstocorrecttheerrorscommittedbytheirsubordinates.

2. Courts should refrain from disturbingthe findingsofadministrativebodies indeferencetothedoctrineofseparationofpowers.

3. Courts shouldnotbe saddledwith thereviewofadministrativecases.

4. Judicialreviewofadministrativecasesisusually effected through special civilactionswhichareavailableonlyifthereisnootherplain,speedy,andadequateremedy.

5. To avail of administrative remedyentailslesserexpensesandprovidesforaspeedierdispositionofcontroversies.

Q:Whataretheexceptionstotheapplicationofthedoctrine?A:DELILAPULPMUNQ

1. ViolationofDueprocess2. When there is Estoppel on the part of

theadministrativeagencyconcerned3. When the issue involved is a purely

Legalquestion4. WhenthereisIrreparableinjury5. When the administrative action is

patently illegal amounting to Lack orexcessofjurisdiction

6. When the respondent isaDepartmentSecretarywhoseactsasanAlteregoofthe President bears the implied andassumedapprovalofthelatter

7. When the subject matter is a Privatelandcaseproceedings

8. WhenitwouldbeUnreasonable9. When no administrative review is

providedbyLaw10. WhentheruledoesnotprovideaPlain,

speedy,andadequateremedy11. When the issue of nonexhaustion of

administrative remedies has beenrenderedMoot

12. When there are circumstancesindicating the Urgency of judicialintervention

13. WhenitwouldamounttoaNullificationofaclaim;and

14. Where the rule of Qualified politicalagency applies. (LagunaCATVNetworkv. Maraan, G.R. No. 139492, Nov. 19,2002)

Q: What is the effect of nonexhaustion ofadministrativeremedies?A: Itwill deprive the complainant of a cause ofaction,whichisagroundforamotionofdismiss.Q: Is noncompliance with the doctrines ofprimary jurisdiction or exhaustion ofadministrativeremediesajurisdictionaldefect? A: No. Noncompliance with the doctrine ofprimary jurisdictionordoctrineof exhaustionofadministrative remedies is not jurisdictional forthedefectmaybewaivedby a failure to assertthesameattheearliestopportunetime.

UST GOLDEN NOTES 2011 Q: Distinguish the doctrine of primaryjurisdiction from the doctrine of exhaustion ofadministrativeremedies.A:


DOCTRINEOFPRIMARY

JURISDICTION

DOCTRINEOFEXHAUSTIONOFADMINISTRATIVE

REMEDIES

Bothdealwiththeproperrelationshipsbetweenthecourtsandadministrativeagencies.

Applieswhereacase iswithin the concurrentjurisdictionofthecourtand an administrativeagency but thedetermination of thecase requires thetechnical expertise ofthe administrativeagency

Applies where a claim iscognizable in the firstinstance by anadministrative agencyalone

Although the matter iswithin the jurisdictionof the court, it mustyield to the jurisdictionof the administrativecase

Judicial interference iswithheld until theadministrative processhasbeencompleted

3.DoctrineofRipenessforReview

Q:WhatistheDoctrineofRipenessforReview?A: This doctrine is the similar to that ofexhaustion of administrative remedies exceptthat it applies to the rule making and toadministrative actionwhich is embodiedneitherin rules and regulations nor in adjudication orfinalorder.Q:Whendoesthedoctrineapply?A:VICS

1. When the Interest of the plaintiff issubjected toor imminently threatenedwithsubstantialinjury.

2. IfthestatuteisSelfexecuting.3. When a party is immediately

confronted with the problem ofcomplying or violating a statute andthereisariskofCriminalpenalties.

4. When plaintiff is harmed by theVaguenessofthestatute.

Q: What are the questions reviewable by thecourts?A:

1. Questionsoffact

GR:Courtswillnotdisturb the findingsofadministrativeagenciesactingwithinthe parameters of their owncompetence, special knowledge,expertise, and experience. The courtsordinarily accord respect if not finalityto factual findings of administrativetribunals.XPN: If findings are not supported bysubstantialevidence.

2. Questions of Law administrative

decisionsmaybeappealedtothecourtsindependentlyof legislativepermission.It may be appealed even againstlegislative prohibition because thejudiciary cannot be deprived of itsinherent power to review all decisionsonquestionsoflaw.

3. Mixed( lawandfact)whenthereisa

mixedquestionof lawandfactandthecourt cannot separate theelements toseeclearlywhatandwherethemistakeof law is, such question is treated asquestionof fact forpurposesof reviewandthecourtswillnotordinarilyreviewthe decision of the administrativetribunal.

4.DoctrineofFinalityofAdministrativeAction

Q: What is the doctrine of finality ofadministrativeaction?A:Thisdoctrineprovidesthatnoresorttocourtswill be allowed unless administrative action hasbeen completed and there is nothing left to bedoneintheadministrativestructure.Q: What are the instances where the doctrinefindsnoapplication?A:DEARPIA

1. To grant relief to Preserve the statusquo pending further action by theadministrativeagency

2. WhenitisEssentialtotheprotectionofthe rights asserted from the injuriesthreatened

3. Where an administrative officerAssumes to act in violation of theConstitutionandotherlaws

4. Where suchorder isnotReviewable inanyotherwayandthecomplainantwill

ADMINISTRATIVE LAW

suffergreatandobviousdamage if theorderiscarriedout

5. To an Interlocutoryorder affecting themeritsofacontroversy

6. To an ordermade in excess of power,contrary to specific prohibition in thestatute governing the agency and thusoperating as a Deprivation of a rightassuredbythestatute

7. When review is Allowed by statutoryprovisions.

Q: What are the grounds for reversal ofadministrativefindings?A:

1. Finding is groundedon speculationsorconjectures

2. Inferences made are manifestlymistakenorimpossible

3. Graveabuseofdiscretion4. Misapprehensionoffacts,ortheagency

overlookedcertainfactsofsubstanceorvaluewhich if consideredwould affecttheresultofthecase.

5. Agencywent beyond the issues of thecaseand the sameare contrary to theadmissions of the parties or thepresented

6. Irregularproceduresor theviolationofthedueprocess

7. Rights of a party were prejudicedbecause the findings were in violationof the constitution, or in excess ofstatutory authority, vitiated by fraud,mistake

8. Findings not supported by substantialevidence


5.JudicialRelieffromThreatenedAdministrativeAction

Q: Can courts render a a decree in advance ofadministrativeaction?A:Courtswillnot renderadecree inadvanceofadministrative action. Such action would berenderednugatory.It is not for the court to stop an administrativeofficerfromperforminghisstatutorydutyforfearthathewillperformitwrongly.

6.JudicialReviewofAdministrativeActionQ:Whatistheconceptofjudicialreview?

A: Judicial review is the reexamination ordetermination by the courts in the exercise oftheir judicial power in an appropriate caseinstituted by a party aggrieved thereby as towhetherthequestionedact,rule,ordecisionhasbeen validly or invalidly issued or whether thesameshouldbenullified,affirmedormodified.Note: The mere silence of the law does notnecessarilyimplythatjudicialreviewisunavailable.Q:Whatare the requisitesof judicial reviewofadministrativeaction?A:

1. Administrative action must have beencompleted (the principle of finality ofadministrativeaction;)and

2. Administrative remedies must havebeen exhausted known as (theprincipleofexhaustionofadministrativeremedies.)

Q:Whatarethelimitationsonjudicialreview?A:

1. Finalandexecutorydecisionscannotbemadethesubjectofjudicialreview.

2. Administrative acts involving apoliticalquestion are beyond judicial review,exceptwhen there isanallegation thatthere has been grave abuse ofdiscretion.

3. Courts are generally bound by thefindings of fact of an administrativeagency.

Q: Is the rule that findings of facts byadministrative agencies are binding on thecourtssubjecttoanyexceptions?A:GR:Yes.XPN:FIPEGES

1. Findings are vitiated by Fraud,imposition,orcollusion

2. Procedurewhich led to factual findingsisIrregular

3. Palpableerrorsarecommitted4. Factual findings not supported by

Evidence5. Graveabuseofdiscretion,arbitrariness,

orcapriciousnessismanifest6. WhenexpresslyallowedbyStatute;and7. Error in appreciation of the pleadings

and in the interpretation of thedocumentary evidence presented bytheparties


POLITICALLAWTEAM:ADVISER:ATTY.EDWINREYSANDOVAL;SUBJECTHEAD:RACHELMARIEL.FELICES;ASST.SUBJECTHEADS:WIVINOE.BRACEROII&

HERAZEUSCHRISTINEY.UY;MEMBERS:LAWRENCEPAULOH.AQUINO,LEANDRORODELV.ATIENZA,MARINETHEASTERAND.AYOS,CARLOR.BALA,WILFREDOT.BONILLA,JR.,KEELACHERNARR.DINOY,APRILV.ENRILE,KENNETHJAMESCARLOC.HIZON,JOSEMARIAG.MENDOZA,ROGERCHRISTOPHERR.REYES,ROMILINDAC.SIBAL,JASMINM.SISON,ZARAHPATRICIAT.SUAREZ,RALPHJULIOUSL.VILLAMOR.

Q:Whatare the groundswhichwouldwarrantthereversalofadministrativefinding?A:MIGSVIBE

1. Misapprehensionoffacts,ortheagencyoverlookedcertainfactsofsubstanceorvaluewhich if consideredwould affecttheresultofthecase

2. Interferences made are manifestlymistaken,absurd,orimpossible

3. Graveabuseofdiscretion

4. Finding is grounded on Speculations,surmises,orconjectures

5. Rights of the parties were prejudicedbecause the findingswere in Violationof the constitution, or in excess ofstatutoryauthority,vitiatedbyfraud,ormistake

6. Irregular procedures or violations ofdueprocess

7. AgencywentBeyond the issues of thecaseand the sameare contrary to theadmissions of the parties or theevidencepresented

8. Findings not supported by substantialEvidence.

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