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Adjusting to Industrialization
UrbanizationCities grew along with the factories that sprang
up thereWith all the factories in cities, there was a large
number of jobs therePeople therefore moved to these cities to work
in these factoriesFrom farms elsewhere in countryFrom other countries
This process is known as urbanization1880 – 25% lived in cities1900 – 40% 1920 - >50%
Negatives of Urbanization Housing
Most people lived in tenements where multiple families lived
Working class people who had little money lived in these crowded conditions
Neighberhoods of these tenements turned into slums and crime was prevalent in these places
HealthThe crowding in these cities helped to
spread diseaseWater and sanitation systems were
not designed for the large populations
The poor working class could not afford health care or a good diet
PoliticsPolitical machines often took control
of government in these cities Did this by helping poor and immigrants
in return for votesThis led to increased corruption
Took money for themselves and “friends”
Positives of Urbanization Technologies
Had to utilize new technologies in citiesDeveloped mass transportation –
subways, elevated trains, street carsSteel and elevators made skyscrapers
possibleGas and electric lights made cities saferForced to develop new water and
sanitation systems Cultural Advances
Building of new museums, concert halls, theaters, and parks
Spread of newspapers, magazines, and novels Mark Twain Horation Alger
Improved Schools Community Improvement
Reformers tried to fix problems in cities and societies
Jane Addams started Hull House Settlement house meant to help the poor
Political reformers tried to get rid of political machines so money could be spent on services
Workers and the PoorLargest group in citiesWhere most immigrants
fellLived in slums and poor
neighborhoodsCompany towns were
owned by single employer where workers worked and livedDependent on employer for
everything
Lacked time and money to take advantage of positives that cities offered
Middle ClassConsisted of doctors, lawyers, office workers,
and skilled laborersThis class grew at the timeBetter housingHad enough money and time to take advantage
of citiesAttend concerts and sporting events
Could buy new products being made in the factoriesCars, sewing machines, phonographs
Could save money for higher education for children
WealthyEntrepreneurs and wealthy business
owners also lived in the citiesSmallest part of urban populationLived either in mansions or nice apartment
buildingsCould afford to donate to charities and
cultural institutions like libraries or music halls
Could enjoy cities the most
Changes For WomenMost Americans had always held the ideal
American woman as someone who was devoted to home and family to instill moral values.Only wealthy women had ability to devote time
to this thoughDuring industrialization more women began
working outside for economic necessity and some for larger role in society
Many of the women who got jobs outside the home but were still expected to take care of the home and children
Jobs for WomenMany working class
women took jobs in factories or related to recent technologies that had been developed.
Middle and upper class women also got jobsMost had been active in
reform movements such as abolition and temperance
Some had attended collegeTook these experiences to
work placeBecame teachers, social
workers, doctors, and lawyers
Conditions in the Work PlaceWomen who worked often were met with
hostility, laws barring them from certain jobs, and unequal pay
Women wanted to solve these problems so had to do them through legal means
Had to get right to vote firstSuffrage movement grew during this time
Other GroupsEmployers also discriminated against
African Americans and those who were older or disabledEither wouldn’t hire or pay them less
No laws to protect children from dangerous and unhealthy work in mines and factoriesFamilies often had to send children to work
instead of school to survive though