Adjective Normal Position (02)

8/4/2019 Adjective Normal Position (02)

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I write this as I know, ifthere is a little difficult to read, dont you mind about it.

Adjectives (1): normal position

There are two kinds of position in adjectives.

If the adjective is in front of a noun that we calledAttrabutive Adjective. Another one is we

calledpredicative adjective.

For attributive adjective here are some examples. We can say like this structure adjective use

only before noun. Use only (or) mostly before nouns.

1. The new secretary doesnt like me.

Adjective noun

2. My elder sister is a captain.

Adjective noun

3. My younger brother has a green phone.

Adjective noun

attributive

adjective

adjective(1):

normal

position

predicative

adjective


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Explanations:

1. I want to explain about these examples. No. 1 in this sentence, new is an adjective andsecretary is a noun. We put the new that is in front of noun, and then, secretary that we

put it behind of adjective, that kind of position we call attributive position.

2. In No.2 elder is an adjective and sister is a noun. Elder we put it in front of noun, and sisterwe put it behind of adjective. This isattributive position.

3. Every color we can adjective. Therefore, green is an adjective, and phone is a noun.And also we can say this is attributive position.

Adjective use only after verbs

These verbs must be links verb. That kind of structure we call predicative adjective.

Here are some examples about predicative adjective.

1. The boy is asleep.Link verb adjective

2. Anne seems not happy today.Link verb adjective

3. I dont like red color. Like is a link verb, red is an adjective.

Explanations:

If links verb is in front of adjective, at that time, we can say that is predicative position.


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Interruptions:

The objective ill and well are most common after verb. Before nouns, many people prefer other

words. Compare:

He is very well. You look ill.

Nurses take care of sick people.

Verb +objective + adjective

Another position for adjectives is after the object,

Ill get the car ready. Do I make you happy?

Verb object adjective verb objective adjective

Adjectives (2): after nouns and pronouns

Fixed phrases

Adjectives come after nouns in a few cases.

Secretary General President elect

Noun adjective noun adjective

Court martial God Almighty


Aung san General Attorney General



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Available, possible etc, (able and ble) ending sentences

Some adjective can be used after nouns like relative clauses.

Send all the ticketsavailable. (Or) send all the availabletickets.

Noun adjective adjective noun

Its only solution possible. (Or) Its only possible solution.

Noun Adjective adjective noun

Present, proper

Before a noun, present refers to time: after a noun, its means here/ there not absent.

The present member (=those who are members now)

The memberpresent (=those who are /were at meeting now)

Before a noun, proper means real, genuine. After a noun, proper means central, main

part of something.

Sonwdons a proper mountain, not a hill.

After two days crossing the foothills, they reached the mountain proper.

Expressions of measurement

Adjective usually follow measurement mouns.

Two metres high ten years olders two miles long

Exception: worth (e.g. worth 100 euros).Exception


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Adjective with complements

When an adjective gas its own complement (e.g. skilled in design),the whole expression

normally comes after a noun.

We are looking forpeople skilled in design (not.skilled in design people)

Here is a relative form.

We are looking for people who are skilled in design.

In some cases an adjective can be put before a noun and its complement after it. This happens

with defferent, similar, the same, next, last, first, second, etc;

A different life from this one the second train from this plaform

The next house to the Royal Hotel the best mother in the world

Something, everything etc

Adjective is also come after something, everything, anything, nothing, somebody, anywhere,

and similar words.

Have you read anything interesting lately?

Lets go somewhere quite.

Adjective (3): position after as how, so, too

After as, how, so, too and this/that meaning so, adjectives go before a/an. This structure is

common in a formal style.

As/how/so/too/this/that+adjective+a/an+noun

I have as good a voice as you.

Adjective noun


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How good a pianist is he? She is too polite a person to refuse.

Adjective noun adjective noun

I couldnt afford that big a car.

Adjective noun

It was so warm a day that I could hardly work.

Adjective noun

The structure is not possible without a/an/.

I like your country it is so beautiful. (Not I like your so beautiful country)

Those girls are too kind to refuse. (Not they are too kind girls to refuse)

Adjectives (4): order before nouns

When we use adjectives one more times, we have to use adjectives on order before noun.

Here are some orders of adjectives.

Some examples of adjective order

Opinion Size Age Shape Color Origin Material Purpose Noun

silly young English man

huge round matel bowl

small red sleeping bag

Here are some examples:

1. I love that really old big green antique car that always parked at the end of the street.

(Quality-age size-color-proper adjective)

2. My sister has a big, beautiful, tan and white, bulldog. (Size-quality-color-color)

3. A wonderful Old Italian clock. (Opinion-color-material)


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4. A big square blue box. (Dimension-shape-colour)

5. A disgusting pink plastic ornament. (Opinion-color-material)

6. Some slin new french trousers. (Dimension-age-origin)

7. A wonderful old Italian clock. (Opinion-age-origin)

Numbers usually come before adjectives.

Six large egges the second big shock

Number number

First next and last most often go before adjectives one, two, three etc.

The first three days (most common than the three first days)

The last two jobs.

Noun modifiers after adjectives.

Note that noun modifiers (which often classify, or refer to materials) usually follow adjectives.

A big new car factory. Enormous black iron gates.

Commas

Before noun, we generally use commas between adjectives (especially in longer sequences)

which gives similar kind of information, for examples in physical descriptions.

A lovely, long, cold, refreshing drink

An expensive, ill-planned, wasteful project

But commas cam be dropped before short common adjectives.

A tall (,) dark (,) handsome cowboy

Adjective (5): with and

When two or more adjectives (or other modifiers) come together, we sometimes put and

before the last one and sometimes not. It depends partly on their position in the sentence.


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After a verb

When adjectives come in predicative position (after, be, seem and similar verb), we usually put

and before the last one.

He was tall, dark and handsome.

Yourre like a winters days: short, dark and dirty.

In a very literary style, and is sometimes left out.

My soul is exotic, mysterious, imcomprehebsible.

Before a noun

In attributive position (before a noun), and is less common.

An angry young man. (Not angary and young man)

A big beautiful gardend.

However, and is possible when the adjectives give similar kind of information, especially when

we are pulling up favourable or unfavourable descriptions.

A cruel (and) vicious tyrant a warm (and) generous personality

An ill-planned, expensive (and) wasteful project.

And is nessary when two or more adjectives (or othermodifiers) refer to different parts of

something, or different types of thing

A yellow and black sports car

A concrete and glass factory

Hot and cold drinks (= hot drinks and cold drinks)

We also use and when we say that something belongs to two or more different classes.

Its a social and political problem. Shes a musical and artistic genius.

Nice and .

In an informal style, the expression nice and is often used before another adjective or an

adverb. It means something like pleasantly or suitably.

Its nice and warm in front of the fire. (= pleasantly warm)


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The work was nice and easy.

Now just put your gun down nice and slow.

Adjectives (6): without nounsWe cannot usually leave out a noun after an adjective.

Poor little boy. (Not poor little)

The most important thing is to be happy. (Not the most important is to be happy)

But there are some exceptions.

Well-known groups

The +adjective is used to talk about certain well-nown groups of people who are in a particular

physical or social condition. Common expressions:

The blind the handicapped the old the unemployed

The dead the jobless the poor the young

The deaf the mentally ill the rich

The meaning is usually general; occasionally a limited group is referred to.

After the accident, the injured were taken to hospital.

These expressions are normally plural: the dead means all dead people or the dead

people.but not the dead person.

Note that these expressions cannot be used with a possessives.

The problems of the poor OR poor peoples problems (not the poors problem)

Adjectives are normally only used in this way with the or a determiner like many or more.

This government doesnt care about the poor. (Not about poor.)

There are more unemployed than ever before.

However, adjectives without the are sometimes used in paired structures with bothand

Opportunities for both rich and poor


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Adjectives of nationality

A few adjectives of nationlity ending in sh or ch are used after the without nouns. They

includeIrish, Welsh, English, British, Spanish, Dutch, French.

The Irish are very proud of their sense ofhumour.

These expressions are plural; singular equivalents are for example.

An Irishwoman, a Welshman (not a Welsh)

Where noun exist, thhese are preferred to expressions with the. . Ish:

We say the Danes or the Durks (not the Danish OR the Turkish).

Singular examples

In a few formal fixed phrases, the + adjective can have a singular meaning

These include the accused, the undersigned, the deceased, the former and the latter.

The accused was released on bail.

Mr Gray and Mrs Cook; the latter is a well-known desginer.

Abstract ideas

Adjectives are sometimes used after the to refer to general abstract ideas, the unreal) these

expressions are singular.

Shes interested in the supernatural.

Choices

We sometimes leave out a noun that has already been mentioned, or which does not need to

be mentioned, when thinking about a choice between two or more defferent kind of thing.

Have you got any bread? _ Do you want white or brown?

I like two large packets and one small.

Color adjectives can cometimes have a plural s in this situation.

Wash the red and blue seperately (=red and blue clothes)


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Superlatives

Nouns are often left out after superlative adjectives.

I am the tallest in my family. We bought the cheapest.

Adjectices (7): pronunciation of aged, naked etc

A few adjectives ending in ed have a special pronunciation.

Adjectives (8): what can follow an adjective?

Many adjectives can be followed by complement words and expressions that complete

their meaning. Not all adjectives are followed by the same kind of complement. Some can be

followed by preposition + noun/ing.

Im interested in cookry. Im interested in learning to cook.

Preposition noun preposition V-ing

Some can be following by infinitives

You dont look happy to see me. The soup is ready to eat.

An affinitive may have it own subject, introduced by for

Im anxious for her to get a good education.


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(I am anxious that she should get. . . . . .)

Some adjectives can be followed by clauses

Im glad that you were able to come. (That you were able to come this is a clause)

That clause is emphasis to glad.

Its important that everybody should feel comfortable.

This is a clause that is emphasis to important.

And many adjective can have more than one kind of complement.

Im pleased about her promotion. Im pleased to see you here.

Im pleased that we seem to agree.

Modifier to pleased

we rarely put adjective + complement before a noun.

Hes a difficult person to understand.

(Not he is a difficult to understand person.

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Adjective Normal Position (02)