Addressing the Network

Addressing the Network – IPv4Network IPv4

Network Fundamentals – Chapter 6

© 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco PublicITE PC v4.0Chapter 1 1

ObjectivesObjectives

Explain the structure IP addressing and demonstrate the ability p g yto convert between 8-bit binary and decimal numbers.

Given an IPv4 address, classify by type and describe how it is used in the networkused in the network

Explain how addresses are assigned to networks by ISPs and within networks by administratorsy

Determine the network portion of the host address and explain the role of the subnet mask in dividing networks.

Given IPv4 addressing information and design criteria, calculate the appropriate addressing components.

U i ili i if d kUse common testing utilities to verify and test network connectivity and operational status of the IP protocol stack on a host.

ITE PC v4.0Chapter 1 2© 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco PublicIssued: 14/02/2011

IP Addressing StructureIP Addressing StructureDescribe the dotted decimal structure of a binary IP address and label its partsaddress and label its parts


IP Addressing StructureIP Addressing StructureDescribe the general role of 8-bit binary in network addressing and convert 8-bit binary to decimaladdressing and convert 8-bit binary to decimal


IP Addressing StructurePractice converting 8-bit binary to decimal


IP Addressing StructureIP Addressing Structure

Keep these steps in mind:

Divide the 32 bits into 4 octets.Convert each octet toConvert each octet to decimal.Add a "dot" between each decimaleach decimal.

Practice binary to decimal conversion using Interactive Activity 6.1.3


IP Addressing StructureIP Addressing Structure

Convert decimal to 8-bit binaryCo e dec a o 8 b b a y


IP Addressing StructureIP Addressing StructurePractice decimal to binary conversion using I i A i i 6 1Interactive Activity 6.1.5


Classify and Define IPv4 AddressesClassify and Define IPv4 AddressesName the three types of addresses in the network and describe the purpose of each typedescribe the purpose of each type


T f Add i IP 4 N t kTypes of Addresses in an IPv4 Network


Types of Addresses in an IPv4 NetworkTypes of Addresses in an IPv4 Network


Classify and Define IPv4 AddressesClassify and Define IPv4 AddressesDetermine the network, broadcast and host addresses for a given address and prefix combinationfor a given address and prefix combination

Use the Interactive Activity 6.2.2 to calculate the network address, host addresses, and broadcast address for given gnetworks


Classify and Define IPv4 AddressesClassify and Define IPv4 AddressesName the three types of communication in the Network Layer and describe the characteristics of each typeLayer and describe the characteristics of each type


Classify and Define IPv4 AddressesClassify and Define IPv4 AddressesIdentify the address ranges reserved for these special de y e add ess a ges ese ed o ese spec apurposes in the IPv4 protocol


Classify and Define IPv4 AddressesClassify and Define IPv4 AddressesDefine public address and private addressThe private address blocks are:The private address blocks are:

10.0.0.0 to 10.255.255.255 (10.0.0.0 /8)172.16.0.0 to 172.31.255.255 (172.16.0.0 /12)192.168.0.0 to 192.168.255.255 (192.168.0.0 /16)

Use Interactive Activity 6.2.5 to correctly identify IP addressesaddresses


Classify and Define IPv4 AddressesClassify and Define IPv4 AddressesDescribe the purpose of several special addresses


Also referred to as APIPA Set aside for teaching

and learning purposes.

Classify and Define IPv4 Addressesy

Identify the historic method for assigning addresses de y e s o c e od o ass g g add essesand the issues associated with the method

Classful allocation of address space often wasted many faddresses, which exhausted the availability of IPv4 addresses

With the classless system, addresssystem, address blocks appropriate to the number of hostsnumber of hosts are assigned to companies or organizationsorganizations without regard to the unicast class


Planning to Address the NetworkPlanning to Address the NetworkThe allocation of these addresses inside the networks h ld b l d d d t d f th fshould be planned and documented for the purpose of:

Preventing duplication of addressesP idi d t lliProviding and controlling accessMonitoring security and performance


Assigning AddressesAssigning AddressesExplain the implications for choosing private vs. public ddaddresses


Assigning AddressesAssigning AddressesExplain how end user devices can obtain addresses either statically through an administrator or dynamicallyeither statically through an administrator or dynamically through DHCP


Assigning AddressesExplain which types of addresses should be assigned to devices other than end user devicesto devices other than end user devices

Routers and firewall devices have an IPv4 address assigned to each interface. Each interface is in a different network and serves as the gateway for the hosts in that network.


Assigning AddressesAssigning AddressesDescribe the process for requesting IPv4 public addresses the role ISPs play in the process and theaddresses, the role ISPs play in the process, and the role of the regional agencies that manage IP address registriesg


Assigning AddressesAssigning AddressesIdentify different types of ISPs and their roles in providing Internet connectivity


Assigning AddressesIdentify several changes made to the IP protocol in IPv6 and describe the motivation for migrating from IPv4 to IPv6

New protocol suite!


Determine the network portion of the host address and the role of the subnet maskaddress and the role of the subnet mask

Describe how the subnet mask is used to create and specify the network and host portions of an IP addressspecify the network and host portions of an IP address


Determine the network portion of the hostDetermine the network portion of the host address and the role of the subnet mask

Use the subnet mask and ANDing process to extract Use e sub e as a d g p ocess o e acthe network address from the IP address

1 AND 1 11 AND 1 = 1

1 AND 0 = 0

0 AND 1 = 0

0 AND 0 = 00 AND 0 = 0


Determine the network portion of the host address and the role of the subnet maskaddress and the role of the subnet mask

Observe the steps in the ANDing of an IPv4 host dd d b t kaddress and subnet mask


Calculating AddressesCalculating Addresses Use the subnet mask to divide a network into smaller networksnetworks


Calculating Addresses

Extract network addresses from host addresses using the subnet maskthe subnet mask


Calculating Addresses Calculate the number of hosts in a network range given an address and subnet mask

VLSM SubnetC l l tCalculator

VLSM Subnetting

Ch t iChart is available in

the Resources

Folder


Folder

http://vlsm-calc.net

Calculating AddressesCalculating Addresses Interactive Activity: 6.5.4

Gi en a s bnet address and s bnet mask calc late theGiven a subnet address and subnet mask, calculate the network address, host addresses and broadcast address



Given a pool of addresses and masks, assign a host parameter with address, mask and gateway



Given a subnet mask and network address, you will be required to determine the hosts, network, and broadcast addresses.


Testing the Network Layer Describe the general purpose of the ping command, trace the steps of its operation in a network, and use the ping command to determine if the IP protocol is operational on a local host


Testing the Network LayerTesting the Network Layer Use ping to verify that a local host can communicate with a gateway across a local area networkwith a gateway across a local area network


Testing the Network LayerTesting the Network Layer Use ping to verify that a local host can communicate via a gateway to a device in remote networka gateway to a device in remote network


Testing the Network LayerTesting the Network Layer Use tracert/traceroute to observe the path between two devices as they communicate and trace the steps ofdevices as they communicate and trace the steps of tracert/traceroute's operation


Testing the Network LayerTesting the Network Layer Describe the role of ICMP in the TCP/IP suite and its impact on the IP protocolimpact on the IP protocol

ICMP messages gthat may be sent include:

Host confirmationHost confirmationUnreachable Destination or S iServiceTime exceededRoute redirectionRoute redirectionSource quench


Addressing the Network - IPv4


Also available in the media library

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=l10cUo4bEMQ

Summary



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Addressing the Network