Additional Mathematics Project Work 2013 (PAHANG)

7/23/2019 Additional Mathematics Project Work 2013 (PAHANG)

1/28

1 MILO

SEKOLAH SAINS SULTAN HAJI AHMAD SHAH

PEKAN

ADDITIONAL MATHEMATICS

PROJECT WORK 2013

NAME : MUHAMMAD AMIRUL AFIF BIN SAKRI

CLASS : 5 JASA

TEACHER : SIR HAMDAN BIN ALANG

I/C NUMBER :

Index Number In OurDaily Life


2/28

2 MILO

OBJECTIVE

We students taking Additional Mathematics are required to carry out a project work while

we are in Form 5. This year the Curriculum Development Division, Ministry of Education

has prepared four tasks for us. We are to choose and complete only ONE task based on our

area of interest. This project can be done in groups or individually, but each of us are

expected to submit an individually written report . Upon completion of the Additional

Mathematics Project Work, we are to gain valuable experiences and able to :

apply and adapt a variety of problem-solving strategies to solve routine and non-routine

problems

experience classroom environments which are challenging, interesting, meaningful andhence improve our thinking skills

experience classroom environments where knowledge and skills are applied in meaningfulways in solving real-life problems

experience classroom environments where expressing ones mathematical thinking,reasoning and communication are highly encouraged and expected

experience classroom environments that stimulates and enhances effective learning acquire effective mathematical communication through oral and writing, and to use the

language of mathematics to express mathematical ideas correctly and precisely

enhance acquisition of mathematical knowledge and skills through problem-solving inways that increases interest and confidence

prepare for the demands of our future undertakings and in workplace realise that mathematics is an important and powerful tool in solving real-life problems

and hence develop positive attitude towards mathematics

train ourselves not only to be independent learners but also to collaborate, to cooperate,and to share knowledge in an engaging and healthy environment

use technology especially the ICT appropriately and effectively train ourselves to appreciate the intrinsic values of mathematics and to become more

creative and innovative

realise the importance and the beauty of mathematics


3/28

3 MILO

FOREWARD

First of all, I would like to say Alhamdulillah, for giving me the strength and health to

do this project work. Not forgotten my parents for providing everything, such as money to

buy anything that are related to this project work, computer, internet, books and also their

advice. They also supported me and encouraged me to complete this task that I will not

procrastinate in doing it. Then I would like to thank my teacher, Sir Hamdan bin Alang for

guiding me and my friends throughout this project. We had some difficulties in doing this

task, but he taught us patiently until we knew what to do. Last but not least, my friends who

were doing this project with me and sharing our ideas. They were helpful that when we

combined and discussed together, we had this task done.


4/28

4 MILO

CONTENT

CONTENTS PAGES

OBJECTIVE 2

FOREWARD 3

INTRODUCTION 5

PART 1 6 - 13

PART 2 14 - 17

PART 3 18 - 19

FURTHER EXPLORATION 20 - 27

REFLECTION 28


5/28

5 MILO

INTRODUCTION

HISTORY OF INDEX NUMBERIndex numbers are meant to study the change in the effects of such factors which

cannot be measured directly. According to Bowley, Index numbers are used to measure thechanges in some quantity which we cannot observe directly. For example, changes in

business activity in a country are not capable of direct measurement but it is possible to study

relative changes in business activity by studying the variations in the values of some such

factors which affect business activity, and which are capable of direct measurement.

Index numbers are commonly used statistical device for measuring the combined

fluctuations in a group related variables. If we wish to compare the price level of consumer

items today with that prevalent ten years ago, we are not interested in comparing the prices ofonly one item, but in comparing some sort of average price levels. We may wish to

compare the present agricultural production or industrial production with that at the time of

independence. Here again, we have to consider all items of production and each item may

have undergone a different fractional increase (or even a decrease). How do we obtain a

composite measure? This composite measure is provided by index numbers which may be

defined as a device for combining the variations that have come in group of related variables

over a period of time, with a view to obtain a figure that represents the net result of thechange in the constitute variables.

Index numbers may be classified in terms of the variables that they are intended to

measure. In business, different groups of variables in the measurement of which indexnumber techniques are commonly used are (i) price, (ii) quantity, (iii) value and (iv) business

activity. Thus, we have index of wholesale prices, index of consumer prices, index of

industrial output, index of value of exports and index of business activity, etc. Here we shall

be mainly interested in index numbers of prices showing changes with respect to time,

although methods described can be applied to other cases. In general, the present level of

prices is compared with the level of prices in the past. Thepresent period is called the current

period and some period in the past is called the base period.

Index Numbers :

Index numbers are statistical measures designed to show changes in a variable or group of

related variables with respect to time, geographic location or other characteristics such as

income, profession, etc. A collection of index numbers for different years, locations, etc., is

sometimes called an index series.

Simple Index Number :

A simple index number is a number that measures a relative change in a single variable

with respect to a base.

Composite Index Number :

A composite index number is a number that measures an average relative changes in a

group of relative variables with respect to a base.


6/28

6 MILO

PART 1The prices of goods sold in shops vary from one shop to another. Shoppers tend to

buy goods which are reasonably priced, giving value for their money.

You are required to carry out a survey on three different items based on the following

categories : food , detergent and stationary. The survey should be done in three

different shops.

(a) Collect pictures, newspapers cuttings or photos on items that you have chosen.Design a collage to illustrate the chosen items.

FOODS :


7/28

7 MILO

DETERGENT :


8/28

8 MILO

STATIONARY :


9/28

9 MILO

(b) Record the items and their prices systematically as in Table 1(a), 1(b) and 1(c).Since items may be differently packed, be sure to use consistent measurements

for each item selected so that comparison can be done easily and accurately.

Category Item Price (RM)

Tunas Manja Mydin Giant

Food 1.Sugar (1 kg) 2.30 2.50 2.802.Flour (1 kg) 1.30 1.50 1.703.Butter (250 g) 4.20 4.40 4.70Total Price 7.80 8.40 9.20

Table 1(a)



Detergent 1.Soap (3 bars) 3.20 3.40 3.602.Liquid detergent

(5 kg)

28.90 29.10 29.50

3.Powder detergent(2.5 kg)

14.70 14.50 15.00

Total Price 46.80 47.00 48.10

Table 1(b)



Stationary 1.Pencil (1 dozen) 8.50 8.90 9.402.Coloured pen (1 set) 14.50 15.20 16.003.Eraser 0.40 0.50 0.80

Total Price 23.40 24.60 26.20

Table 1(c)


10/28

10 MILO

(c)Create at least two suitable graphical representations (the use of ICT isencouraged) to compare and contrast the prices of each category.

BAR CHART

1) Food

2) Detergent

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

2.5

3

3.5

4

4.5

5


Sugar

Flour

Butter

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35


Soap

Liquid detergent

Powder detergent


11/28

11 MILO

3) Stationary

PIE CHART

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

18


Pencil (1 dozen)

Coloured pen

Eraser

Food

Tunas manja

Mydin

Giant


12/28

12 MILO

Detergent

Tunas ManjaMydin

Giant

Stationary

Tunas Manja

Mydin

Giant


13/28


14/28

14 MILO

PART 2Every year, Shah Pekan organizes a carnival to raise fund for school improvement

projects. This year the school plans to install CCTV in order to enhance its security.

Last year, during the carnival, my class made and sold nasi lemak. Due to the

popularity of this local food, my class has decided to carry out the same project for

this years carnival.

(a) Complete Table 2 with the prices of the given items for the year 2013Items

(For 10 packets of Nasi Lemak) QuantityPrice in the

year 2012

(RM)

Price in the

year 2013

(RM)

I

For the fl avoured rice :

Rice 1 kg 2.70 2.80

Santan 150 g 1.40 1.50

Onion 10 g 0.15 0.15

Ginger 10 g 0.15 0.15

Salt 2 g 0.05 0.06

II

For the Sambal :

Red onion 10 g 0.05 0.05

Garlic 5 g 0.04 0.04Dried chillies 100 g 1.00 1.10

Ikan bilis 200 g 2.00 2.10

Cooking oil 100 g 0.25 0.27

III

Miscel laneous :

Fried groundnuts 200 g 0.50 0.60

Fried crispy ikan bilis 150 g 1.50 1.60

Cucumber 200 g 0.20 0.20

5 eggs 300 g 1.50 1.60

Banana leaves (1 bundle) 300 g 1.00 1.00

Table 2


15/28

15 MILO

(b) Calculate the price index for each of the items in Table 2 for the year 2013 basedon the year 2012.

Items

(For 10 packets of Nasi

Lemak)

QuantityPrice in

the year

2012

(RM)

Price in

the year

2013

(RM)

Price index for

the year 2013

based on the

year 2012 (I)

I

For the fl avoured rice :

Rice 1 kg 2.70 2.80 103.70

Santan 150 g 1.40 1.50 107.14

Onion 10 g 0.15 0.15 100

Ginger 10 g 0.15 0.15 100

Salt 2 g 0.05 0.06 120

II

For the Sambal :

Red onion 10 g 0.05 0.05 100

Garlic 5 g 0.04 0.04 100

Dried chillies 100 g 1.00 1.10 110

Ikan bilis 200 g 2.00 2.10 105

Cooking oil 100 g 0.25 0.27 108

III

Miscel laneous :

Fried groundnuts 200 g 0.50 0.60 120

Fried crispy ikan bilis 150 g 1.50 1.60 106.67

Cucumber 200 g 0.20 0.20 1005 eggs 300 g 1.50 1.60 106.67

Banana leaves (1 bundle) 300 g 1.00 1.00 100

Price Index, I =


16/28

16 MILO

(c) Calculate the composite index for the cost of a packet of nasi lemak in the year2013 based on the year 2012. Discuss how you obtained your answer.

Items

(For 10 packets of Nasi

Lemak)

QuantityPrice index for

the year 2013

based on the

year 2012 (I)

Weightage

(W)IiWi

I

For the flavoured ri ce :

Rice 1 kg 103.70 1.0 103.70

Santan 150 g 107.14 0.15 16.071

Onion 10 g 100 0.01 1

Ginger 10 g 100 0.01 1

Salt 2 g 120 0.002 0.24

II

For the Sambal :

Red onion 10 g 100 0.01 1

Garlic 5 g 100 0.005 0.5

Dried chillies 100 g 110 0.1 11

Ikan bilis 200 g 105 0.2 21

Cooking oil 100 g 108 0.1 10.8

III

Miscellaneous :

Fried groundnuts 200 g 120 0.2 24

Fried crispy ikan bilis 150 g 106.67 0.15 16.0005

Cucumber 200 g 100 0.2 20

5 eggs 300 g 106.67 0.3 32.001

Banana leaves (1 bundle) 300 g 100 0.3 30

2.737 288.3125

= = 105.34

=


17/28

17 MILO

(d) In the year 2012, the nasi lemak was sold at RM2.00 each. Suggest a suitableselling price for a packet of the nasi lemak in the year 2013. Give reasons for your

answer.

On 2012: RM2.00

On 2013:

x = RM2.10

Thus, the suitable selling price for a packet of the nasi lemak in the year 2013 is RM2.10.

The increase in price is also suitable because of the rise in the price of the ingredients.


18/28

18 MILO

PART 3

In order to upgrade the security, my school has decided to install closed-circuit TV

(CCTV).

a)Suggest a suitable number of cameras to be installed and their placement. Giveyour reasons. Illustrate with a plan.

I suggest 4 cameras to be installed at my school. The cameras will be installed at the staff

rooms and the office. This action will be done to avoid any robbery case from happen.

STAFF ROOM OFFICE


19/28

19 MILO

b)Find out the cost of installation of the CCTV.A set of CCTV with 4 cameras : RM2100

c)If your class intends to sponsor 10% of the cost, how many packets of nasi lemakmust your class sell?10% X RM2100 = RM210

Cost for a packet of nasi lemak = RM13.22

10

= RM1.40

Selling price = RM2.10

Profit = RM2.10RM1.40

= RM0.70

Packets of nasi lemak must be sell = RM210

RM0.70

= 300 packets

d)Can your class achieve the 10% target? Do you think your class should carry out adifferent project instead?Yes because many visitors from Pekan will come and visit our school during the carnival.

This phenomenon will increase the selling of our nasi lemak. Last year, we had sold about

400 packets of nasi lemak. So, this year our target is 600 packets of nasi lemak will be

sold. From the selling, we can sponsor 10% for the cost of installation of the CCTV and

we will get profit of about RM210. I think my class should not carry out different project

as we can get a lot of profit from the selling of nasi lemak. We need to focus on selling

nasi lemak only so we can achieve our target. Great efforts will led to great outcomes.


20/28

20 MILO

FURTHER EXPLORATION

Index numbers are being used in many different daily situations, for example, air

pollution index, stock market index, gold index and property index.

Obtain information from the internet or other reliable sources on the importance

of two different types of index numbers of your choice. Elaborate the use and the

importance of these index numbers in daily life situations.

1.AIR QUALITY INDEX

An air quality index (AQI) is a number used by government agencies to communicate to

the public how polluted the air is currently or how polluted it is forecast to become. As the

AQI increases, an increasingly large percentage of the population is likely to experience

increasingly severe adverse health effects. Different countries have their own air quality

indices which are not all consistent. Different countries also use different names for their

indices such as Air Quality Health Index, Air Pollution Index and Pollutant Standards

Index.

Definition and Usage :

Air quality is defined as a measure of the condition of air relative to the requirements of

one or more biotic species or to any human need or purpose. To compute the AQI requires

an air pollutant concentration from a monitor or model. The function used to convert from

air pollutant concentration to AQI varies by pollutant, and is different in different

countries. Air quality index values are divided into ranges, and each range is assigned a

descriptor and a colour code. Standardized public health advisories are associated with

each AQI range.

The AQI can go up (meaning worse air quality) due to a lack of dilution of air

pollutants. Stagnant air, often caused by an anticyclone, temperature inversion, orlow wind speeds lets air pollution remain in a local area, leading to high concentrations of

pollutants and hazy conditions. An agency might encourage members of the public to take

public transportation or work from home when AQI levels are high.

Most air contaminants do not have an associated AQI. Many countries monitorground-

level ozone, particulates, sulphur dioxide, carbon monoxide and nitrogen dioxide and

calculate air quality indices for these pollutants.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Government_agencyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Air_pollutionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anticyclonehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Temperature_inversionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Windhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hazehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ground-level_ozonehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ground-level_ozonehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atmospheric_particulate_matterhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sulfur_dioxidehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carbon_monoxidehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nitrogen_dioxidehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nitrogen_dioxidehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carbon_monoxidehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sulfur_dioxidehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atmospheric_particulate_matterhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ground-level_ozonehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ground-level_ozonehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hazehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Windhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Temperature_inversionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anticyclonehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Air_pollutionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Government_agency


21/28

21 MILO

Indices by Location :

Hong Kong

The Air Pollution Index (API) levels for Hong Kong are related to the measured

concentrations of ambient respirable suspended particulate (RSP), sulphur dioxide (SO2),carbon monoxide (CO), ozone (O3) and nitrogen dioxide (NO2) over a 24-hour period

based on the potential health effects of air pollutants.

An API level at or below 100 means that the pollutant levels are in the satisfactory

range over 24 hour period and pose no acute or immediate health effects. However, air

pollution consistently at "High" levels (API of 51 to 100) in a year may mean that the

annual Hong Kong "Air Quality Objectives" for protecting long-term health effects could

be violated. Therefore, chronic health effects may be observed if one is persistently

exposed to an API of 51 to 100 for a long time.

"Very High" levels (API in excess of 100) means that levels of one or more pollutant(s)is/are in the unhealthy range. The Hong Kong Environmental Protection Department

provides advice to the public regarding precautionary actions to take for such levels.

API Air Pollution

Level

Health Implications

025 Low None expected.

2650 Medium None expected for the general population.

51100 HighAcute health effects are not expected but chronic effects may

be observed if one is persistently exposed to such levels.

101200 Very High

People with existing heart or respiratory illnesses may notice

mild aggravation of their health conditions. Generally healthy

individuals may also notice some discomfort.

201500 Severe

People with existing heart or respiratory illnesses may

experience significant aggravation of their symptoms. There

may also be widespread symptoms in the healthy population

(e.g. eye irritation, wheezing, coughing, phlegm and sore

throats).


22/28

22 MILO

Canada

Air quality in Canada has been reported for many years with provincial Air Quality

Indices (AQIs). Significantly, AQI values reflect air quality management objectives,

which are based on the lowest achievable emissions rate, and not exclusively concern for

human health. The Air Quality Health Index or (AQHI) is a scale designed to helpunderstand the impact of air quality on health. It is a health protection tool used to make

decisions to reduce short-term exposure to air pollution by adjusting activity levels during

increased levels of air pollution. The Air Quality Health Index also provides advice on

how to improve air quality by proposing behavioural change to reduce the environmental

footprint. This index pays particular attention to people who are sensitive to air pollution.

It provides them with advice on how to protect their health during air quality levels

associated with low, moderate, high and very high health risks.

The Air Quality Health Index provides a number from 1 to 10+ to indicate the level

of health risk associated with local air quality. On occasion, when the amount of air

pollution is abnormally high, the number may exceed 10. The AQHI provides a local airquality current value as well as a local air quality maximums forecast for today, tonight,

and tomorrow, and provides associated health advice.

Health

Risk

Air

Quality

Health

Index

Health Messages

At Risk population *General Population

Low 1-3 Enjoy your usual outdoor activities. Ideal air quality for outdoor activities

Moderate 4-6

Consider reducing or rescheduling

strenuous activities outdoors if you

are experiencing symptoms.

No need to modify your usual outdoor activities

unless you experience symptoms such as

coughing and throat irritation.

High 7-10

Reduce or reschedule strenuous

activities outdoors. Children and the

elderly should also take it easy.

Consider reducing or rescheduling strenuous

activities outdoors if you experience symptoms

such as coughing and throat irritation.

Very highAbove

10

Avoid strenuous activities outdoors.

Children and the elderly should also

avoid outdoor physical exertion.

Reduce or reschedule strenuous activities

outdoors, especially if you experience symptoms

such as coughing and throat irritation.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Air_Quality_Health_Indexhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Air_Quality_Health_Index


23/28

23 MILO

Singapore

Singapore uses the Pollutant Standards Index to report on its air quality,with details of

the calculation similar but not identical to that used in Malaysia and Hong Kong. The PSI

chart below is grouped by index values and descriptors, according to the National

Environment Agency.

PSI Descriptor General Health Effects

050 None

51100 Moderate Few or none for the general population

101200 Unhealthy

Mild aggravation of symptoms among susceptible persons

i.e. those with underlying conditions such as chronic heart

or lung ailments; transient symptoms of irritation e.g. eye

irritation, sneezing or coughing in some of the healthy

population.

201300 Very Unhealthy

Moderate aggravation of symptoms and decreased

tolerance in persons with heart or lung disease; more

widespread symptoms of transient irritation in the healthy

population.

301400 Hazardous

Early onset of certain diseases in addition to significant

aggravation of symptoms in susceptible persons; and

decreased exercise tolerance in healthy persons.

Above 400 HazardousPSI levels above 400 may be life-threatening to ill andelderly persons. Healthy people may experience adverse

symptoms that affect normal activity.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Singaporehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pollutant_Standards_Indexhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Environment_Agencyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Environment_Agencyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Environment_Agencyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Environment_Agencyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pollutant_Standards_Indexhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Singapore


24/28

24 MILO

2.BODY MASS INDEXThe body mass index (BMI), orQuetelet index, is a measure for human body shape

based on an individual's weight and height. It was devised between 1830 and 1850 by

the Belgian polymath Adolphe Quetelet during the course of developing "social

physics". Body mass index is defined as the individual's body mass divided by the squareof their height. The formulae universally used in medicine produce a unit of measure of

kg/m2. BMI can also be determined using a BMI chart, which displays BMI as a function

of weight (horizontal axis) and height (vertical axis) using contour lines for different

values of BMI or colours for different BMI categories.

The factor for UK/US units is more precisely 703.06957964, but that level of precision

is not meaningful for this calculation. To work from stone and pounds first multiply the

stone by 14 then add the pounds to give the whole mass in pounds; to work from feet and

inches first multiply the feet by 12 then add the inches to give the whole height in inches.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Belgiumhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polymathhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adolphe_Quetelethttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Units_of_measurementhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Significant_figureshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stone_(unit)https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stone_(unit)https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Significant_figureshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Units_of_measurementhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adolphe_Quetelethttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polymathhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Belgium


25/28

25 MILO

Usage :

While the formula previously called the Quetelet Index for BMI dates to the 19th

century, the new term "body mass index" for the ratio and its popularity date to a paper

published in the July edition of 1972 in theJournal of Chronic Diseases by Ancel Keys,

which found the BMI to be the best proxy for body fat percentage among ratios of weightand height; the interest in measuring body fat being due to obesity becoming a discernible

issue in prosperous Western societies. BMI was explicitly cited by Keys as being

appropriate forpopulation studies, and inappropriate for individual diagnosis.

Nevertheless, due to its simplicity, it came to be widely used for individual diagnosis,

despite its inappropriateness.

BMI provided a simple numeric measure of a person's thickness orthinness, allowing

health professionals to discuss overweight and underweight problems more objectively

with their patients. However, BMI has become controversial because many people,

including physicians, have come to rely on its apparent numerical authority for medical

diagnosis, but that was never the BMI's purpose; it is meant to be used as a simple meansof classifying sedentary (physically inactive) individuals, or rather, populations, with an

average body composition. For these individuals, the current value settings are as follows:

a BMI of 18.5 to 25 may indicate optimal weight; a BMI lower than 18.5 suggests the

person is underweight while a number above 25 may indicate the person is overweight; a

person may have a BMI below 18.5 due to disease; a number above 30 suggests the person

is obese (over 40, morbidly obese).

For a given height, BMI is proportional to mass. However, for a given mass, BMI is

inversely proportional to thesquare of the height. So, if all body dimensions double and

mass scales naturally with the cube of the height, then BMI doubles instead of remaining

the same. These results in taller people having a reported BMI that is uncharacteristicallyhigh compared to their actual body fat levels. In comparison, the Ponderal index is based

on this natural scaling of mass with the third power of the height. However, many taller

people are not just "scaled up" short people, but tend to have narrower frames in

proportion to their height.

BMI Prime :

BMI Prime, a simple modification of the BMI system, is the ratio of actual BMI to

upper limit BMI (currently defined at BMI 25). As defined, BMI Prime is also the ratio of

body weight to upper body weight limit, calculated at BMI 25. Since it is the ratio of twoseparate BMI values, BMI Prime is a dimensionless number, without associated units.

Individuals with BMI Prime less than 0.74 are underweight; those between 0.74 and 1.00

have optimal weight; and those at 1.00 or greater are overweight. BMI Prime is useful

clinically because individuals can tell, at a glance, by what percentage they deviate from

their upper weight limits. For instance, a person with BMI 34 has a BMI Prime of 34/25 =

1.36, and is 36% over his or her upper mass limit. In South East Asian populations (see

international variation section below) BMI Prime should be calculated using an upper

limit BMI of 23 in the denominator instead of 25. Nonetheless, BMI Prime allows easy

comparison between populations whose upper limit BMI values differ.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ancel_Keyshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Underweighthttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Overweighthttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Obesityhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ponderal_indexhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dimensionless_numberhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dimensionless_numberhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ponderal_indexhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Obesityhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Overweighthttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Underweighthttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ancel_Keys


26/28

26 MILO

Categories :

A frequent use of the BMI is to assess how much an individual's body weight departs

from what is normal or desirable for a person of his or her height. The weight excess or

deficiency may, in part, be accounted for by body fat (adipose tissue) although other

factors such as muscularity also affect BMI significantly (see discussion belowand overweight). The WHO regards a BMI of less than 18.5 as underweight and may

indicate malnutrition, an eating disorder, or other health problems, while a BMI greater

than 25 is considered overweight and above 30 is considered obese. These ranges of BMI

values are valid only as statistical categories :

CategoryBMI range

kg/m2

BMI Prime

Very severely underweight less than 15 less than 0.60

Severely underweight from 15.0 to 16.0 from 0.60 to 0.64

Underweight from 16.0 to 18.5 from 0.64 to 0.74

Normal (healthy weight) from 18.5 to 25 from 0.74 to 1.0

Overweight from 25 to 30 from 1.0 to 1.2

Obese Class I (Moderately obese) from 30 to 35 from 1.2 to 1.4

Obese Class II (Severely obese) from 35 to 40 from 1.4 to 1.6

Obese Class III (Very severely obese) over 40 over 1.6
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adipose_tissuehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Overweighthttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_Health_Organizationhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malnutritionhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eating_disorderhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Obesityhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Obesityhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eating_disorderhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malnutritionhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_Health_Organizationhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Overweighthttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adipose_tissue


27/28

27 MILO

CONCLUSION :

After doing research, answering questions, drawing graphs and some problem solving,

I saw that the usage of index number is important in daily life. It is not just widely used inmarkets but also in interpreting the condition of the surrounding especially in conducting

an air-pollution survey. In conclusion, index number is a daily life necessity. Without it,

surveys cant be conducted, the BMI cant be calculate and many more. So, we should bethankful to the people who contribute in the idea of index number.


28/28

REFLECTION

While I was conducting the project, I have learnt and practice a lot of moral values.

These are we should be patient when doing any work or project. This is to ensure our work

is completed by the time.

We also should be calm and cool down when any source that we are finding for is

missing. This sign that we are going to get a conclusion soon.

Furthermore, we should always smile when doing our works so that whatever work we

are doing can be done easily.

Besides that, we should relax and patient when our friends keep forcing us to finish theproject so that they can refer to our project when we had done. This act will make us more

motivated to complete the project.

Lastly, I would like to say :

Documents

Additional Mathematics Project Work 2013 (PAHANG)