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This presentation was delivered by Kang Kyeong-Pyo (Research Fellow, The Korea Transport Institute) during the parallel session (F) on "The Future of the Future: Ideas from Global Research" at the ADB Transport Forum on 17 September 2014.
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V2X Technology- Status Quo, Prospect & Implications -
Kyeong-Pyo Kang
Division of Innovative Transportation Technology Convergence
4th ADB Transport Forum
2
Definition
§A convergence ICT enabling to seamlessly cooperate/connect between transport
components(vehicle, infrastructure, and users) for safety and efficiency
- The current ITS technology to collect data and provide information under the
separated between vehicle and infrastructure
Source : www.comesafety.org
I. Cooperative ITS(V2X)
[C-ITS definition by ISO/CEN]
A subset of the overall ITS that communicatesand share information between ITS stations togive advice or facilitate actions with the objective ofimproving safety, sustainability, efficiency andcomfort beyond the scope of stand-alone systems.
Comparison btw. the current ITS and C-ITS
Ø Current ITS
§Separated btw. road and vehicle
-Data & Services are available only when passing their devices
-Limited in quickly responding to accident (one-way)
-Focused on managing traffic flow after accident
è Follow-up management
Ø C- ITS
§Connected btw. vehicle(V) and road(I)
-Continuously communicated between road, vehicle and pedestrian
-Co-works on site are available by V2V, V2I(two-way)
-Focused on recognizing and preventing before accident
è Advanced response and prevention
3
I. Cooperative ITS(V2X)
1st Safety Services 2nd 3rd
Source : ETSI TS 101 539-3 V1.1.1 (2013-11), Intelligent Transport Systems (ITS);V2X Applications ; Part 3: Longitudinal Collision Risk Warning (LCRW) application requirements 4
C-ITS(V2X Tech.)Autonomous
Driving
Why needs V2X technology?
I. Cooperative ITS(V2X)
Normal Dangerous Pre-accident accident Post-accident
Applic
atio
ns(
Serv
ices
)
crashcrash
Travel cond. info.
Traffic manag.
Work zone
Near-risk warn.[Steer-Assist]
Speed limit. warn.
Prog. control[Active seat belt]
Air-bag, Seat belt
Restraint system
E-Call
E-vehicle priority control EEBL
Data recordSudden stop warn.
ACC
Speed limit info.
PassiveSafety
ActiveSafety
Com
m. T
ech.
DSRC/WAVE(V2V/V2I)
3G, LTE, etc.
FCW
Road condition
BSW/LCW
CSW
ITS C-ITS Others
Adaptive cruise control (ACC)Forward Collision Warning (FCW)Curve Speed Warning (CSW)Emergency Electronic Brake Light (EEBL)Blind Spot/Lane Change Warning (BSW/LCW)
Source : Continental. 2010. 12(edited)Why needs V2X technology? (Cont.)
I. Cooperative ITS(V2X)
6
EUSource :European Activities in ITS, Joint Meeting between Korea-MOLIT and EC-DG-CNCT
20th ITS World Congress in Tokyo, Oct. 2013
Ø Seven Test Sites:
• System Test Site:
- Helmond/Eindhoven, The Netherland
• Functional Test Sites:
- Tampere, Finland
- Yvelines, France,
- Frankfurt, Germany,
- Brennero, Italy,
- Gothenburg, Sweden
- Vigo, Spain
Coop TS FinlandTampere
HelmondSystem TS
SiscogaVigo
SCORE-FYvelines
AutobrenneroBrennero-Trento
simTD
Frankfurt
Test Site SwedenGothenburg
DRIVE C2X Test Sites
II. Current Situation of V2X Development
7
US
Safety Pilot
Walt Disney World SpeedwayOrlando, FL Oct 2011)
VTTI Smart RoadBlacksburg VA (Nov “11)
Brainerd International RacewayBrainerd, MN (Sept 2011)
Texas Motor SpeedwayFort Worth TX (Dec ’11)
Alameda Naval Air StationAlameda CA (Jan 2012)
Michigan International Speedway Brooklyn, MI (Aug 2011)
Ø Driver Clinic Locations
Source :Joint Meeting between Korea-MOLIT and USDOTJan. and May 2014
II. Current Situation of V2X Development
8
US
Safety Pilot
Ø Model Deployment Site
• Key Site Elements:
- 75 miles of instrumented roadway
- 29 roadside units
- ~3000 vehicles(Cars, trucks, buses, etc)
- Integrated, aftermarket, and retrofit
• 1 year of data collection
Source :Joint Meeting between Korea-MOLIT and USDOTJan. and May 2014
II. Current Situation of V2X Development
9
Japan
ITS SPOT Services
Source :Joint Meeting between Korea-MOLIT and Japan-MLIT19th ITS World Congress in Vienna, Oct. 2012
II. Current Situation of V2X Development
10
§Early Promotion of C-ITS related Infrastructures
-ITS Communication Frequency, Standards, Legislations
§Staged Promotion for C-ITS Commercialization
-Proof of Concept à Field Operational Test(FOT) à Pre-Deployment à Deployment
-US and EU lead to participation of car makers in coming deployment projects
-Japan launched ITS SPOT project in freeways, focused on V2I services
EU, US, Japan
Korea
§Finished the Proof of Concept for V2X communication technology
-u-Transportation(October,09~May,12), Smart Highway(October,10~July,14)
§Effect and Feasibility Analysis
§Master Plan for Promotion
-Pre-deployment and deployment
-Policy of C-ITS related infrastructure
II. Current Situation of V2X Development
11
① Smartway : ITS Spot② DSSS(Driving Safety Support Systems)③ ASV(Advanced Safety Vehicle)④ 2013 WC on ITS, Field Demonstration
① Smartway : ITS Spot② DSSS(Driving Safety Support Systems)③ ASV(Advanced Safety Vehicle)④ 2013 WC on ITS, Field Demonstration
① ETSI (European Telecommunications Standards Institute)② C2C-CC(Communication Consortium) : 2012 WC on ITS, Field Demonstration③ COMeSafety④ FOT : TeleFOT, DriveC2X, FOTsis, SimTD, SCORE@F
① ETSI (European Telecommunications Standards Institute)② C2C-CC(Communication Consortium) : 2012 WC on ITS, Field Demonstration③ COMeSafety④ FOT : TeleFOT, DriveC2X, FOTsis, SimTD, SCORE@F
① VII : VII Architecture and Functional Requirements V1.1② VSC(Vehicle Safety Communications) : VSC Project Task3 Final Report③ CICAS(Cooperative Intersection Collision Avoidance Systems)④ Connected Vehicle : 2011 WC on ITS, Field Demonstration⑤ Safety Pilot : 6 Test beds(FOT)⑥ SAE J2735
① VII : VII Architecture and Functional Requirements V1.1② VSC(Vehicle Safety Communications) : VSC Project Task3 Final Report③ CICAS(Cooperative Intersection Collision Avoidance Systems)④ Connected Vehicle : 2011 WC on ITS, Field Demonstration⑤ Safety Pilot : 6 Test beds(FOT)⑥ SAE J2735
① u-Transportation Test beds(2011)② Smart Highway Test bed(2012)① u-Transportation Test beds(2011)② Smart Highway Test bed(2012)
III. V2X Potential for Traffic Safety Innovation
Review of C-ITS Services
12
Categories No Services
Safe Driving Support 7
• Car crash prevention, Road hazard zone driving• Road surface-weather information, Work zone driving• Traffic regulation information, Merging • Lane-changing & Passing
Autonomous Driving Support 1 • Cooperative car-following driving
Intersection Driving Support 2 • Intersection collision prevention, Signal information provision
Transportation poor protection 3 • Yellow bus guidance, School & Silver zone warning• Pedestrian collision prevention
Emergency Support 3• Emergency informing, Emergency-vehicle priority driving• Disaster informing
Cooperative Traffic Management 3• Location-based vehicle data collection• Location-based traffic information provision• Traffic management
Electronic Payment 2 • Smart toll collection, Electronic reservation & payment
Public Transportation 1 • Public transportation management
Driving Support 3 • Path explore & guidance, In-vehicle signage, Parking information
Commercial Vehicle 2 • Rental management, Commercial vehicle management
Additional Service 5• Short message exchange, POI provision, Download updating,
Advertisement & News, Internet
Review of C-ITS Services
SUM 32
III. V2X Potential for Traffic Safety Innovation
13
Source : SMART Highway Project
§Car Crash Prevention Support(example)
-To prevent car crash caused by congested downstream, slow vehicle, and
accident
-Use Cases
*(Japan) Cooperative Forward Collision Warning, Traffic Jam Ahead Warning
*(EU, US) Car Breakdown Warning, Post-Crash Warning, Slow Vehicle Warning
*(Korea) Dangerous Driving Warning, Follow-Me Information, Fallen Object Warning
-V2V, I2V technology
Review of C-ITS Services
III. V2X Potential for Traffic Safety Innovation
14
ØEffect Analysis based on Car Crash Scenarios
§KOTI(2012) : V2V(72%), V2I(24%), V2X(76%)
Review of C-ITS Services
§NHTSA(2010) : V2V(79%), V2I(26%), V2X(81%)
Existing Method to apply simple C-ITS
services(V2V, V2X) to car-crash scenarios
→Overestimation
New Method to apply more available C-ITS
services to more detailed accident data
III. V2X Potential for Traffic Safety Innovation
15
No Categories Services1
Safe Driving Support
Car crash prevention2 Road hazard zone driving3 Road surface-weather information4 Work zone driving5 Traffic regulation information6 Merging 7 Lane-changing & Passing
8Autonomous
Driving SupportCooperative car-following driving
9Intersection
Driving Support
Intersection collision prevention
10 Signal information provision
11Transportation Poor Protection
Yellow bus guidance12 School & Silver zone warning13 Pedestrian collision prevention14
EmergencySupport
Emergency informing15 Emergency-vehicle priority driving16 Disaster informing
Traffic Safety Service based on C-ITS
New Method
ØEffect Analysis based on available C-ITS services and detailed accident data
§C-ITS services under FOT
-objective, technical requirement
-architecture, applicable case
§MOE
-The numbers(ratios) of accidents and
casualties to be prevented
§Accident data(2007~2011)
-vehicle, driver, Infrastructure(road)
-weather, environment
III. V2X Potential for Traffic Safety Innovation
ØSummary
§Effects of the proposed C-ITS Services
-The ratio of accidents to be prevented : 46.3%
-The ratio of deaths to be prevented : 48.4%
-The ratio of Injuries to be prevented : 47.4%
è Annually $3.6 billions saved
Categories # of accident
# ofdeaths
# of injuries
Total 181,391 4,503 278,322
SumPreventable 83,966 2,179 131,944
Not-Preventable 97,425 2,324 146,378
RatioPreventable 46.3 % 48.4 % 47.4 %
Not-Preventable 53.7 % 51.6 % 52.6 %
Analysis Result
16
III. V2X Potential for Traffic Safety Innovation
17
ØMacroscopic Method : B/C ratio
§Cost Calculation
-Building cost of infrastructure(RSE) based on smart highway project
-Road-Side Equipment(H/W and S/W) of sensing and communicating functions
§Benefit Calculation
-Cost of human damage, Cost of material damage
-Divided into pure cost, police cost, and PSG(Pain, Suffering, Grief)
è B/C ratio = 1.3~3.0 (Feasible for introduction)
*Note: only safety benefit considered, but mobility benefit not considered
Feasibility Analysis
Infrastructure Cost(Smart highway test bed)
Benefit(Accident Cost)Saved by C-ITS
Feasibility Analysis(B/C ratio)
III. V2X Potential for Traffic Safety Innovation
18
ØUS : Deployment for mobility and sustainability as well as Safety
§Connected Vehicle(CV) Pilot Deployment Program
IV. Key Policy for C-ITS Promotion
Research and Development
Share Data
Share Data
PRE-DEPLOYMENT PHASE 1Program Activity Area
Pilot Deployments
Stakeholder Engagement and Outreach
Application Development and Open Source
DEVELOP AND DEPLOYPHASE 2
OPERATE AND EVALUATEPHASE 3
9/13 9/15 9/17 9/20
Impact Assessment and Cost-Benefit Analyses
Open Data
National-Level Analytics and CV Pilot Program Evaluation
SCMS Prototyping and Integration Testing†
All CV Prototype Applications Ready for Pilot Deployment
FHWA Implementation Guidance
Share Code, Concepts from CV Prototyping†
Share CV Pilot DataShare Pre-Pilot Prototyping and Impact Assessment Data†
Share Data
Wave 1 Pilot Deployments
Wave 2 Pilot Deployments
Concept Dev. Design/Deploy/Test Maintain and Operate PilotProgress Gate Progress Gate
Share DataConcept Dev. Design/Deploy/Test Maintain and Operate Pilot
Progress Gate Progress Gate
Post-Pilot Ops*
Security Management and Certification
Wave 1 Procurement Planning
Wave 2 Planning
Share Applications Deployed in Pilot Deployments
CV Application Prototyping and Demonstration†
Pre-Pilot Deployment Stakeholder Engagement Post-Pilot, Deployment-Focused Stakeholder Engagement
Wave 1 Pilot Deployment Site Impact Assessments
Pilot Impact Assessment Planning
CV Application Impact Assessments†
CV Analysis, Modeling and Simulation Testbeds†
Wave 2 Pilot Deployment Site Impact Assessments
Share Code, Concepts
Share Code, Concepts
Share Code, Concepts
Share Code, Concepts Final Prototype SCMS Complete
Share Methods, Tools
Share Data
Share Methods, Tools
Share Data
Share Methods, ToolsShare Data
Share Methods, Tools
Precursor Activity
Precursor Activity
Precursor Activity
Source :Joint Meeting between Korea-MOLIT and USDOTJan. and May 2014
19
ØEU : Emission and road casualties by 2020/2050
§Roadside cooperative ITS infrastructure for the initial services in the Cooperative ITS
- Initial deployment with simple and non complex services achieving clear user
benefits even with limited penetration and limited hot spot implementation
Research and Development
Source :European Activities in ITS, Joint Meeting between Korea-MOLIT and EC-DG-CNCT20th ITS World Congress in Tokyo, Oct. 2013
IV. Key Policy for C-ITS Promotion
20
ØJapan : ITS for Sustainability
§To realize sustainable mobility
- Next generation cooperative system
to support safety driving
- Next generation logistics for
automated cruising of convoy
- Next generation mobility network for
integration of mobility, energy and
information
Research and Development
Source : For Sustainable Mobile Society with ITS, ITS Japan20th ITS World Congress in Tokyo, Oct. 2013
IV. Key Policy for C-ITS Promotion
21
ØWhy needs it?
§Car market and in-vehicle devices(AM and BM)
§Global safety and security
ØITS International standards organizations
§ ISO TC204 WG18
§CEN TC278 WG16
Standardization
EU-US
Safety Applications
SustainabilityApplications
StandardsHarmonization
AssessmentTools
Safety Applications
GlossaryTerms
US-Japan
InternationalStandards
Evaluation Tools & Methods Driver Clinics
US-Korea
Safety Standards Pilot
IV. Key Policy for C-ITS Promotion
22
ØRequirement of V2V technology as well as Safety and Security
ØUSDOT
§Decision to move forward with V2V communication
technology for light vehicles(Feb. 2014)
§Advanced notice of proposed rulemaking(ANPRM);
notice of availability of technical report
§Key contents
- New Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standards(FMVSS) to
require V2V comm. capability for light vehicles(passenger
cars and light truck vehicles, LTVs)
- Min. performance requirements for V2V devices and
messages
ØEU, Japan, Korea
Legislation
IV. Key Policy for C-ITS Promotion
23
ØLong-term Strategies
Korea Master Plan for New Generation ITS
2014~2020
2021~2025Expressways 68%
Expressways 100%National roads 16%,
Urban roads 12%
Expressways 100%National roads 67%,
Urban roads 17%
2026~2030
Mainly V2I based on safety in expressways
V2I and V2V based on safety in metropolitan
V2V+V2P based on safety in urban areas
Basic type for market
OBU 10%
Introduction
Expansion
Maturity
OBU 50%
Control Interfaced
Equipped for commercial veh.
OBU 70%
Equipped for passenger veh.
Autonomous road and veh.
traffic accident deathZero
IV. Key Policy for C-ITS Promotion
24
Thank you