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8/11/2019 ADBTF14_A2 ADB Guidelines for Universal Access
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ADB Guidelinesfor
Universal Access
ADBTRANSPORT FORUM 2014Transport in the Asian Century
Manila 15 September 2014
JOSEPH KWAN HONG KONG
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Barriers:Public Transport
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Barriers:Public Transport
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Barriers: Pedestrian Environment
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Barriers: Pedestrian Environment
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Barriers: Pedestrian Environment
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International Convention
Adopted by UN General Assembly 2006
Entry into force 2008
The Conventionprohibits discriminationagainstpersons with disabilities in all areas of life
Article 2: Definition - Universal Design
Article 9: Accessibility Article24: Education
Article25: Health
Article27: Work & Employment
Article30: Participation in Cultural Life, Recreation, Leisure & Sport
UN - Convention on Rights of Persons
with Disabilities
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UN - CRPD
158signatories to the Convention
149ratifications of the Convention
92signatories to the Optional Protocol
84ratifications of the Optional Protocol
(Sep 2014 update)
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Article 9:Accessibility
Aim: To enable persons with disabilities to live independentlyand participate fully in all aspects of life
Responsible Parties: States Parties shall take appropriatemeasures to achieve the aim
Coverage: Equal access to the physical environment,transportation, information and communications, including ICT& systems
Measures: Identification & elimination of obstacles & barriers toaccessibility
Application: Buildings, roads, transportation and other indoor &outdoor facilities schools, housing, medical facilities &workplaces; Information, communications & other services
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Global:People with Disabilities
Estimated 15% of the world's population has a
disability
More than one billion people with specialneeds worldwide
An estimated 80%live in developing countries
(Source: WHO Report, 2011)
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Context
ADB long term strategic framework Strategy 2020
Transportation & Urban Development are essentialcornerstones in achieving livable cities
Mainstream sustainable transport practices across ADBsoperations & support poverty reduction in DMCs
ADB launchedSustainable Transport Initiative (STI) in 2010
ADB prioritized renewed investment and effort in the areas ofurban transport, transport & climate changes, logistics & cross-border transport, road safety and social sustainability
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Context
ADB Strategy 2020
Without Inclusive Transport people with disabilities are almostguaranteed to be poor due to a lack of access toeducation, labour markets, health care and other socialopportunities
The marginal cost of mainstreaming universal access intoADBs transportation projects initially is only about 1% with thecost of retrofitting universal access afterwards being
significantly higher
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Context
ADB Strategy 2020
Other multilateral banks have design andpolicy guidelines for disability access
the World Bankwill notinvest in countries
that do not provide 100% universalaccessibilityin their projects
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Need for Universal Accessible Transport
Transport is vital for independent living and for gaining accessto education, healthcare, labour market, economic resources,
opportunities and social activities
Exclusion increases the real and social costs associated withdisability
People denied access to essential transport services facesgreater challenges to remain above the poverty line
Universal access to transportation notgenerally givensignificant focus in transport education, planning, design,construction and implementation in developing countries
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Criteria - Universal Accessible Transport
Access to fixed facilities and infrastructure
Access to affordable & universally accessibletransport modes
Access to information in various formats
Disability Awareness & Sensitivity Training
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Demands of Universal Access to Transportin Developing Countries
Systemic barriers in the pedestrian environment, infrastructureand transport services
Lack of accessible sidewalks and footpaths Inaccessible and unsafe roads Inadequate safe and accessible street crossings Inadequate and inaccessible bus and bus stop facilities Lack of or irregularity of transport services
Characteristics of Sector
Walking, bicycle, motor cycle as main mode of transport Importance of informal services & Non-Motorised forms of Transport
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Publications on Inclusive Transport
The World BankTransport and Social Responsibility Thematic Group
Cities on the Move: A World Bank Urban Transport Strategy Review (2001) Transport, Poverty and Disability in Developing Countries (2001)
Inclusive Transport: An Emerging Agenda (2004)
Strategy to Improve Accessibility in Developing Countries (2004)
Inclusive Access and Mobility in Developing Countries (2006)
BRT Accessibility Guidelines (2006)
The Asian Development BankRegional & Sustainable Development DepartmentSustainable Infrastructure Division
Disability Brief: Identifying and Addressing the Needs of Disabled People (2005)
Disabled People and Development (2005)
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Universal Design -Definition
Universal Design means the design ofproducts, environments, programmes &services to be usable by all people, tothe greatest extent possible, without
the need for adaptation or specializeddesign.(Ron Mace 1988)
Universal Design
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What is Universal Access ?
The Universal Design Pyramid
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Who will benefit from UA?
Others who would benefit from universal accessibility (UA)
40% + of the population
Source: Roland Wildberg: Hospitality, Hotel and Travel News
International Tourism Board, 2009
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Who will benefit from UA?
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Asian Development Bank
Universal Access
in ADB
Transport Projects
Guidelines
for
Universal Access
ADBUA Guidelines on Transport
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Introduction
Purpose, Context, Scope of the Guidelines
Existing ConditionsInfrastructure Barriers Pedestrian Environment
Modes of Transportation
Interface
Basic Concepts of Universal AccessEvolution
Barrier-free Design
Universal Design
Inclusive Design
Universal Access
Content
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Key Concepts
Accessible Information
Door to/through Door Service Family of Transport Services
Mobility
Occupant Restraint Systems
Persons with Functional Limitations Transportable Mobility Aids
Transportation Disadvantaged
Trip Chain
Wheelchair Securement Systems
Content
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Anthropometric Data
Design Considerations
Application & Technical Guidelines
Illustrations
Cost-Benefit Approach to UA on Public Transport System
Macro Vs. Micro Design
Costs of Barrier-Free Design
Benefits of Barrier-Free Design
Intangible Costs of Handicapping Environments
Cost-Benefit Analysis
Content
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Basic Human Factors
Mobility Impaired & Visually Impaired Persons
Wheelchair Users
Walking Distances
Standing
Content
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UA Technical & Design Guidelines
Trip Information
Urban Public Pedestrian Environment
Taxis & Limousines (Urban & Intercity)
Para-transit Vehicles
Urban Buses, Intercity Buses
Bus Rapid Transit
Light Rail Transit (Sky Trains, Streetcars, Trams)
Metro/Subways
Commuter Rail
Intercity Rail
Content
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Marine Transport
Local & Regional Airports
Rural Transportation
Gender & Ridership
Appendices
Definitions, References
International Symbols of Access
Wheelchair Transfer & Movement
Content
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Basic Human Factors
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Cost - Benefit Analysis
Source: (Roberts and Babinard, The World Bank).
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Cost increase due toaccessiblerenovation
Original barrier-freedesign
Comparative costdifference
Convention Hall 0.12% 0.02 % 6x
Town Hall 0.2% 0.05% 4x
College
Classroom0.51% 0.13% 4x
Shopping Center 0.22% 0.006% 35x
Cost Comparisons
Source: Schroeder and Steinfeld (1979) The Estimated Costs of Accessible Buildings
US Department of Housing and Urban Development.
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Accessible Pedestrian Environment
Clear delineation between pedestrian routes and street furniture
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Accessible Pedestrian Environment
Clearly marked pedestrian crossings
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Accessible Pedestrian Environment
Raised pedestrian crossings
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Modes of Transportation
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Public Taxicabs
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Accessible Taxis
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Accessible Taxi Stands
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Accessible Car Parking Bays
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Paratransit
Demand Responsive Transit
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Urban Bus System & Bus Stops
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Low Floor Accessible Bus
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Low Floor Accessible Bus
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Partial Low Floor Bus
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Vehicle Ramps
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Flexible Passenger Seating Space
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Wheelchair Securement &
Occupant Restraint System
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Bus Stop & e-Information Stand
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Bus Stop & Information
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Real Time Bus Information
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Bus Rapid Transit (BRT)
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Tram System
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Light Rail Transit
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Platform Gap
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Visual & Audible Announcements
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Metro System
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Universal Accessible TicketMachines
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Gates & Turnstiles
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Station Facilities
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Wayfinding
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Multi-Format Information
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Subway System
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Accessible Rail Station Platform
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Commuter Rail Lift & Bridge
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Built-in Ramp System
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Station-based Lifts
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Seating Space for Wheelchair
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Priority Seating & Signage
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Onboard Accessible Washroom
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Wireless Access Onboard Trains
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In-Vehicle Information Display
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Intercity Bus
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Built-in Lift System
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Seamless Interface
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Marine Transport
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Gangways to Vessels
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Accessible Ferry Terminal Facilities
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Airport Access
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Accessible Information
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Airport Accessible Facilities
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Boarding Chair & OnboardWheelchair
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Rural Transportation
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Rural Transportation
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Thank you
Ar. Joseph Kwan MH
Architect, Access Consultant
UDA Consultants Ltd. (Consultants in Universal Design &Accessibility)
Hong Kong