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Adaptive Data Hiding in Edge Areas of Images with Spatial LSB Domain Systems. Source: IEEE Transactions on Information Forensics and Security, Vol. 3, No. 3, pp. 488-497, Sep. 2008. Authors: Cheng-Hsing Yang, Chi-Yao Weng, Shiuh-Jeng Wang, and Hung-Min Sun - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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1
Adaptive Data Hiding in Edge Areas of Images with Spatial LSB Domain
Systems
Source: IEEE Transactions on Information Forensics and Security, Vol. 3, No. 3, pp. 488-497, Sep. 2008.
Authors: Cheng-Hsing Yang, Chi-Yao Weng, Shiuh-Jeng Wang, and Hung-Min Sun
Speaker: Chia-Chun Wu (吳佳駿 )
Date: 2008/09/04
2
Outline
• Introduction
• Related works
• The proposed method
• Experimental results
• Conclusion
3
Introduction
• Fixed Data Hiding
Cover image
Secret data:
Stego-image
P1, P2, P3, …, Pn
0
P1, P2, P3, …, Pn
1 1 1…
Cover image
Secret data:
Stego-image
P1, P2, P3, …, Pn
0
P1, P2, P3, …, Pn
10 111 1010…
• Adaptive Data Hiding
10011110
10011110 10011111
4
Wu et al.’s PVD and LSB replacement method
[18] H. C. Wu, N. I. Wu, C. S. Tsai, and M. S. Hwang, “Image steganographic scheme based on pixel-value differencing and LSB replacement methods,” Proc. Inst. Elect. Eng., Vis. Images signal Process., vol. 152, no. 5, pp. 611-615, 2005.
47
Pi
56
Pi+1
9
di
Lower-level: 3LSBHigher-level: PVD
40
Pi '
63
Pi+1'
23
di '
000 111
00101000 00111111
48 63(-8)40(+8) 55
00110000 00110111
48
Pi '
55
Pi+1'
7
di '
5
The proposed method (1/5)
47
Pi
56
Pi+1
9
di
|R1| = 16, |R2|=16, |R3|=224l m h
l m h
2 1log | | 4l R 2 2log | | 4m R 2 3log | | 7h R
4-4-7
Case 1Case 2Case 3Case 4
6
The proposed method (2/5)
• Case 1
63Pi
76Pi+1
13di
4-4-7
48Pi '
79Pi+1'
31di '0000 1111
001100000000 01001111
63 79(-24)48(+24) 76
00111111 01001100
64
MSE=10
MSE=394
MSE=170
64 79 12
48 63 15
Pi ' Pi+1' di '64 63 1
Min(10, 394, 170) = 10
7
The proposed method (3/5)
• Case 2
48Pi
79Pi+1
31di
4-4-7
63Pi '
64Pi+1'
1di '1111 0000
00111111 01000000
63(-24) 64(+24)47 80
00110000 01001111
48
MSE=226
MSE=226
MSE=2 X
47 64 17
63 80 17
Pi ' Pi+1' di '47 80 33
79
Min(226, 226) = 226
di =33 > 31
8
The proposed method (4/5)
• Case 3
51Pi
82Pi+1
31di
4-4-7
48Pi '
83Pi+1'
35di '0000 0011
00110000 01010011
48(+24) 83(-24)64 82
00110011 01010010
51
MSE=170
MSE=234
MSE=394 X
64 83 19
48 67 19
Pi ' Pi+1' di '64 67 3
67
Min(170, 234) = 170
di =3 < 16
9
The proposed method (5/5)
• Case 4
48Pi
83Pi+1
35di
4-4-7
63Pi '
79Pi+1'
16di '
01111111001111 00111111 01001111
63(-27) 79(+27)48 83
00110000 01010011
Pi ' Pi+1' di '63 207 144
207
63 - 27 = -1 < 0
10
Experimental results (1/3)
Lower-level Higher-level
R1=[0, 7] R2=[8, 255]
Capacity: 883196 bits
PSNR: 33.52 dB
Capacity: 916010 bits
PSNR: 33.01 dB
Capacity: 816956 bits
PSNR: 37.82 dB
Capacity: 874642 bits
PSNR: 34.84 dB
3-4 Lower-level Middle-level
R1=[0, 15] R2=[16, 47]3-4-5Higher-level
R3=[48, 255]
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Experimental results (2/3)
12
Experimental results (3/3)
13
Conclusion
• The proposed method majors in more significant promotion in the term of adaptability, capacity, and imperceptivity.
