Reengineering the Process

Reengineering = the fundamental rethinking and radical redesign of business process to achieve dramatic improvements in critical, contemporary measures of performance such as quality, service, and speed.

CINC’s Objective

• Develop and demonstrate a Joint, Tightly Integrated, Crisis Action Planning and Execution System– Roots based on requirement for an integrated Crisis Action Planning and Execution

process

– Reduced requirements for deliberate planning if not eliminated

– Significantly improve information management and dissemination across the planning spectrum

– Reduce the numbers of formal messages required to support crisis planning

– Take advantage of concurrent planning.

Essential Rules

All communication must be digital.Study data online to gain and share insights easily.Shift military planners and decision-makers into high-level

thinking.Use digital tools to create virtual teams.Convert every paper process to a digital process. Use digital tools to eliminate single-task jobs.Create a digital feedback loop.Take a look at process and simplify it wherever possible.

Essential Rules (cont’d)

Keep an eye on the grand picture.Too many hand-offs create too many likely points of failure.Creating a new process is a major project. Use digital systems to route problems immediately.Use digital communication to redefine the boundaries.Transform every process into just in time delivery.Use digital delivery to eliminate the middleman.Use digital tools to help people solve problems for

themselves.

Mission

ACOA serves the Joint Operations Planning and Execution Community by adding value with a commitment to continuous improvement, innovation, and mutual satisfaction.

ACOA Intent

USCINCPAC and AITS-JPO develop and demonstrate advanced technology enabling geographically dispersed planning and executing forces to rapidly generate, assess and adapt courses of action for military operations.

Principles

• Continuous Improvement and Innovation are central to our pursuit of excellence.

• Crisis Action Organization Focus aligns our organization, resources, and strategies to exceed total partner satisfaction.

• Partner involvement is essential to create an environment in which each partner is willing and able to contribute his or her efforts, knowledge, and ideas to achieve our mission and strategy.

• Partnerships are a foundation of our strategy as we continuously seek new ways to value, develop, maintain, and enhance mutually beneficial relationships.

Values

Quality. User focus. Subject matter leadership. Pursuit of excellence. Integrity. Timeliness. Resource management. Safety. Innovation. Bureaucratic avoidance. Entrepreneurialism. User/Developer Teamwork.

Change

No one likes change, except, perhaps, a wet baby. Change isn’t linear anymore. It’s a time bomb, accelerating exponentially.

Top 5 Characteristics

• Concurrent, Distributed, Collaborative Tool suite

• Tightly integrated applications and accurate databases geared towards support of crisis action

• True common operational picture

• Single C2I system

• Works in Coalition Operations

CONOPS SOURCES OF INSPIRATION

JOPES UAG

GCCS ECAWG (CAPE)

DPI

TPFDD IN AN HOUR

JOPES “TO BE”

TARGET

DART

JPET

JFACC

ALP

JL ACTD

CONOPSfor

JOINT VISION2010

EVOLVING IDEASTO CHANGE DOCTRINE

LESSONS LEARNEDWITH NEW TECHNOLOGIES

SITUATIONAWARENESS

EXECUTIONPLANNING EXECUTION

CINC’SASSESSMENT

I II III

CJCSALERT ORDER

CJCSEXECUTEORDER

Strawman CAP&E

NCA/JCS

CINC

CJTF

JTF

CINC’SOPORD

ORCAMPAIGN

PLAN

• Abbreviated, uncluttered process•Gain planning initiative early, adapt later•Automated and standardized info sharing•Distributed, collaborative planning

EXECUTE

OBSERVE

REPLAN

EXECUTE

STRATEGIC

THEATER

OPERATIONAL

TACTICAL

UNIT

UNIT LEVEL PLANNING

COMPONENT LEVEL PLANNING

CJTF LEVEL PLANNING

CINCPLANNING

NCA

CAMPAIGNOBJECT

MAP/GRAPHICAL

WORDSDOCUMENTSDECISIONS

PLANNING & EXECUTION

Campaign Object

CONOPS

DEPLOYMENT

RSOI

ATO

SUSTAINMENT

SOF

GCCS

GSORTS

COALITION

ACOA Environment

EMPLOYMENT

DEPLOYMENT

SUSTAINMENTINTELLIGENCE

WORD

POWERPOINT

GFPT

ECOP

EXCEL

M&S

TMS

AGENTS

FACILITATE

JADE

FORCE MNGR

TURBO PLNR

ACTIVEWORKFLOW

JFACC

MERLYN

ODYSSEY

PACOM

CENTCOM

EUCOM

ACOMTRANSCOM

JOINT STAFF

SOCCOM

CJTF

ACOA OPERATIONAL ENVIRONMENTPHASE I: REPLACE TARGET / CREATE CAMPAIGN OBJECT DATA BASE.

WEB PLANNER

VIRTUALSITUATIONBOOK

VIRTUALORDERBOOK

VIRTUALPLANNINGBOOK

INTELLIGENTPROCESS MGMT

FACILITATEODYSSEY

WORD

POWERPOINT

LEIFGFPT

MASH

ACOA OPERATIONAL ENVIRONMENTPHASE II: REPLACE JOPES TOOLS IN GCCS

WEB PLANNER

FMT JADEGFPTVIRTUALSITUATIONBOOK

VIRTUALORDERBOOK

VIRTUALPLANNINGBOOK

INTELLIGENTPROCESS MGMT

RAS TCAIMS

WORDPOWERPOINTEXCELPROJECT

ODYSSEY • MASH • FACILITATE • NETSCAPE • LOGBOOK

GSORTS DEPLOYMENTDATA

UNIT

CIP

ANALYSTS• BROWSERS• BRIEFER• TOOLS

LEIF

Plan monitoringAdaptive ProcessProcess Modeling

Plan functionsMission, TasksForce selectionDeployment Plan

Admin SupportVisualization

ACOA OPERATIONAL ENVIRONMENTPHASE III: PROVIDE A JOINT VISION 2010 VERSION JOINT OPERATIONS PLANNING AND EXECUTION SYSTEM

WEB PLANNER

FMT JADEGFPT

VIRTUALSITUATIONBOOK

VIRTUALORDERBOOK

VIRTUALPLANNINGBOOK

INTELLIGENTPROCESS MGMT

RAS TCAIMS

WORDPOWERPOINTEXCELPROJECT

ODYSSEY • MASH • FACILITATE • NETSCAPE • LOGBOOK

GSORTS DEPLOYMENTDATA

UNIT

CIP

ANALYSTS• BROWSERS• BRIEFER• TOOLS

LEIF

Plan monitoringAdaptive ProcessProcess Modeling

Plan functionsMission, TasksForce selectionDeployment Plan

Admin SupportVisualization

M & SVISUALIZATION• APPEX

PLAN MONITORS

LOGISTICSAPPS• JL ACTD• JTL ACTD

ELECTRONICWATCHBOARD

Putting it All TogetherPACOM

STRATCOM

CJTFACOM

TRANSCOMDLA •MISSION

•TASKS•CONOPS•INTENT•FORCES

•FORCE RQMTS•CONOPS•INTENT

•CHOP FORCES•DEPLOY FORCES

•FORCE LIST•DELIVERY RQMTS •FEASIBILITY

•SCHEDULE•FORCE LIST•SCHEDULE•CONOPS

•SUSTAINMENT

•FORCE RQMTS•CONOPS•TARGETS

•FORCES•ATO

•MISSION•TASKS•FORCES

•CONOPS•RQMTS

•EXECUTE•MONITOR•ADAPT

Scenario

• Increased tensions on Neolesian Island of DRAPO between– Government Military Forces

– Rebel Insurgents

• Red Cross Workers caught in crossfire and take refuge in abandoned church

• Inter-agency Working Group monitors situation

• CINCPAC directs OPT to consider military options

SITUATIONAWARENESS

EXECUTIONPLANNING

EXECUTION

I II III

NCA/CJCS

CINC

CINC’s SVC COMP

CJTF

CJTF’s COMPIMPROVED RESPONSE:Distributed, collaborative,Parallel Planning NGOs, PVOs, ALLIES

ACOA WILL SIGNIFICANTLY IMPROVE PLANNING AND EXECUTION

Remote Notification and Collaborative Environment

• J30 OPT uses Odyssey to virtually assemble OPT for Drapo Crisis– Room Environment

– Paging

– Voice/Text/Whiteboard Collaboration

– Document Sharing

Virtual Situation Update

• J30 OPT reviews Current Situation using the ACOA Situation Book– Dynamic Information

Viewer

– Embedded Drill Down

– Graphic Representation

Desktop VTC in Collaborative Environment

• OPT alerts CJTF of selection through MASH desktop VTC and Odyssey Collaborative Environment– Desktop: Sun or

Windows

– Bandwidth Aware

Virtual Plan Representation

• PACOM OPT briefs JTF OPT Using Virtual Planner’s Book– Dynamic

Information Viewer

– Embedded Drill Down

– Graphic Representation

Distributed Presentations

• JTF uses ACOA Toolset to present Course of Action to CinC– Current Plan

Status using IPM

– Web Planner generated PowerPoint Presentation

– Virtual Environment

A simple plan, carefully concealed, repeatedly and realistically rehearsed, and executed with surprise, speed, and purpose.

SURPRISE SPEED PURPOSE

SECURITY REPETITION

SIMPLICITY

MORAL FACTORSFRICTIONS OF WAR

CRISIS OPERATIONS MODEL

EXECUTION

PREPARATION

PLANNING

ACOA Model for Collaborative Computing

High

Low

Low HighTransformation

Deg

ree o

f C

olla

bora

tion

Conferencing•Video•Computer•Electronic white boards

Sharing•Discussion forums•Group authoring

Distribution•eM@il•Shared folders•Fax

Coordination Technologies•Workflow•Calendar/scheduling•Document management

ACOA Information Technology Model

Network

Services

AspirationsCo-Creation

Visioning

Sharing

Conferencing

Coordination

Distribution

PersonalProductivityApplications

Wisdom

Knowledge

Information

Data

Ubiquitous Structure

• Odyssey• MASH• IPM• Netscape• Office (Word, Powerpoint, Excel, Project)• COAST

OpenSource

IntelClassified

CIP

PublishingTools

PublishingTools

WEBBROWSER

GENOATOOLS

IDMTOOLS

VSB

Phase I: Situation Awareness

Publishing Tools Databases Search & Analysis Product

GSORTS

CIP

CampaignObject

UnitsReadiness Assessment

System

PHASE ISituation

Awareness

GFPT

ALERT ORDER

Phase II: Execution Planning

DATA Sources Databases Mission Analysis Products

DEPLOYEQUIPLIST

TCAIMS II WEB PLANNER

JADE

FMT

VSB

ExecutionPlan

(CONOPS)

OPORDER

UNITLOCATIONDATABASE

LEIF COP

VPB/VOB

DATAVISUALIZATION

M&S

GSORTS

CIP

CampaignObject

GFPT

EXECUTIONORDERS

Phase III: Execution

DATA Sources Databases Information Products

DEPLOYEQUIPLIST

WEB PLANNER

JADE

FMT

VSB

MonitorExecution

Plan(CONOPS)

AppropriateOrders

COP

VPB/VOB

DATAVISUALIZATION

UNITS

TAG

COPDATABASE

Decision Action

AdjustPlan

CJTF StaffCoalition

CJTF

USAUSAF USMC

USN

SOFCoalition

Staffs

Tactical

USARPAC

Supporting CINCsCoalition Staff

JICPAC

JCS NMCCUSN

Joint StaffDOS

NCA

USAUSAF USMC

Other FederalAgencies

Other DODAgencies

Strategic

Theater

Joint Integrated Planning and Execution Virtual Meeting SpaceJoint Planning Domain

PACAF MARFORPAC SOCPAC

PACFLTUSCINCPAC

MARFOR

NAVFOR ARFOR

JFACC

AFFOR JPOTFJSOTF

Operational, FunctionalArea Rqmts: Log, Targeting, etc.

Tactical, FunctionalArea Rqmts: Log, Targeting, etc.

The Challenge Statement:The technology explosion has NOT

delivered the promised C2 decision making

explosion!!Pick your favorite technology: Pick your favorite technology: •Processor MIPSProcessor MIPS•BandwidthBandwidth•Parallel processingParallel processing•Storage mediaStorage media•……whatever...whatever...

The need triggered today’s programs

– “What the warrior needs: a fused, real time, true representation of the Warrior’s Battle Space--an ability to order, respond, and coordinate horizontally and vertically to the degree necessary to prosecute his mission...”

C4I for the Warrior

12 June 1992

• A C2 DSS must provide a shared vision of the battlespace to the warriors

A new way to look at things...

DECISION SPACE

• Success is defined by making commanders, staffs, and decision aids more effective decision makers

User Driven vs. Data Driven • The ‘chasm’: where you start often determines where you

finish...don’t be fooled by layers painted onto the data!

• Building the bridge is hard it requires a new approach!

DATA SOURCESDATA SOURCES INFORMATION NEEDSINFORMATION NEEDS

Information Creation

Data Transformation

Presentation

Organization

Navigation

DECISION SUPPORT SYSTEM:DECISION SUPPORT SYSTEM:

Critical Characteristics of the problem

• Selected key characteristics:– High Value/Mission Critical decisions

– High Data Rate

– Overconstrained problem

– Evolving/”Rolling Horizon”

– Imperfect view of the world

• Every characteristic is also one that challenges human decision making...

ForecastingForecasting

PlanningPlanning

Time/PerspectiveTime/Perspective

The full C2 spectrum:Integrating Planning and Execution

Deg

ree

of C

omm

itm

ent

Deg

ree

of C

omm

itm

ent

Reactive ReplanningReactive Replanning

“The Sliding Scale of Commitment”

Notional Oplans

Execute!Orders cut to Units

“Friction” of War

Focus on Decision Makers’ needs…

not technology• Decision Support for collaboration:

More than just a remoted physical meeting!!

• Dealing with Data Overload:More than just reducing the numbers

Future Key Technology directions

• Metrics for *delivered* Decision Effectiveness and Throughput

• Dramatically improved Decision Centered System Design methodologies

• Basic research in technologies that support shared understanding (collaboration)

• Intuitive presentations of complex, multivariable, abstract command decision making (time, options, mission, intent, …)

In Summary

• It will take *more* than IT initiatives alone to deliver the goods on advanced C2 DSS

• A future focus on exploiting technologies in a decision supporting environment is essential