AD AlOO 983 MILITARY ACADEMY WEST POINT NY F/0 5/9ETHICS AND THE MILITARY PROFESSION. CAN ETHICS RE TAUSHI. CU)

UNCLASSIFIEDEmEEIhhNmm-21D T

Lt~- r ThICS AND THE MILITARY PROFESSI, Ti

(F utl 1ished Fer iodJi cal I~ ty L, th(, -tr c i Iig;rJ-a

A~ ~ ~ tU L7

With 1hC', LEt ( ? aEi V-iia~y c-Jr D rmzy so n Iya:ecer c. I r. r r- : -7 r

I/Io r/. I De Ic nt IhcEFhicc

v aItioes. tyc nt rthi5 b~a u I i c aIdev c p rf n< c uisti a C

Etnc . youn , bucorric ir nqit i t 'l _ r . r F

as wiel l' a s rl ifer t n c, r E ,dr r i o u r, 't tti, i ,co I oot hesu Aers eads forofess ic n wh I - , I re i, -i r

Aoe cia ourses v Lac ncet horeu nl ir .- ,!r fpethics Ytha e tic buren Vn-in r t a(u, f i r,/rh pr(,r r(

wcollege, I tu ierc I y s,uce an proesio sc h ,e i r iv L I i V--2 fl'morxe cotd Iw-ide: prdioe~rc c cen rI r oV

on su~tct. crse,3 Iot etr. r~ Lr r( nr- driwrr (

A cnial crce- np l no enrequcren-ly - r ,r r FI C o rpec.le who ha Itic crse. Vciho tni I r c i

wisorol, let s I rLy uocr A ta-u tcV 'r i' ' rr r~~ e1

moe r (ddI i' irs rodtn ho rj

an at5hc of Iczro'i()cac' ( f -rCO ( r

ucrO in t (Vo (f rc'eoor Ec'_ vor, IF r + i T. iHever, i~ w n I c d-qo ' c iC*-

-m rinstruc or ict i e I , iv r, r

bi iarar; h < c r I I ric t r , r i4. (

Arhra u ~.crn , the coo rfr mi . i c ye I' r V, 7_ t

*~~~~ ove if on.OiV~~ A > t'

too dosaIe s('.r or(!.Prn~i J~v , He' tw 'A tP I

ethcs ith i jh I U1~

bu which- wi t ne i~r ier se

Ti oi- -b.,;

erhp oubflic~jsii r, nr i I i r

woeae i udrtr c :rI dvzihm~ is uira ,~ .I

o- an-----c-r-.--r-r~ H hu I -

"eth iCs nay e def i ned anthe p.h i losop hi caj s I ud(Iy of rmora I i I," (P ou;cV or 1 or~ pOf course, I acki na in this defir itIici, jre

twc imrportant cons i derat in er- Wh at we reair h.y "nrioI i " and ( wha I r'jstudy o f mrona I i ty o a h i I osopfe ilIT d The /''~ot ecto ~timproves -per this defir itio Lwl 'i,1lv in defirfia <_thic'; >c "The 'u'the ciencrrilI raltur Fc n (:ran lb r - hes pec i f ( ror,- I ch c)i c e m,the individual i n hi 5r(. lat i Ii h ii w it h o h er s T h . necc', C.'

Ph [wcc,, i v ve. r, i s aui1 k t o re mn n t' ~h I 't- erc i r c no ort r c cr-

A rch I roC1e in r IomP f r'rn W hi c t i cs cn i r r , _ r i r rc, tc

s -.y, hcw e ver ,b t no r - ;Ip11cor h e r in c ci I I , "1tr t icA r is otlIe , LEn)ic'jr u-,,I' )t ~' , pi r -z ' ; l n + r r- t L Ii'~ ( - ~commu ni cat ol: j ct ive rcw I cc L'orcorrnin r 'i ir 'vi rl n , j-I no_,r.an.dr no rJc rpre herr v c. way (- f d' f L r r I eth i( i

T he b ranich o t ph1i 1 oc ph,/ th,)t i n)v-,--t i r-< r iiand, in particular, the- vairietien fthniwh1)ich h)1-um r co()n d uc u: and, raiy c a p r

ts s~pec i a Iconcern i ir the n ea r i ra aind i u'- t i 4

of utterances about the r iclhiness a-ind I- rrr, C._act i on, ,the v\'irt ue or %. i c of Ithe rnoti v(,, wi icl

promp-[,t thern, adI hep no i sewc nIl- re-sr o)r !: I ar~cwc_ n I -nc-ss of the aqentcs who pe-rl rr- the-m, a)rd f ha. Crin.

or- Ladness o! 1he crnaeyuencea to wlhich ttii-y C-ivi

are. ( 'ee l~czY'p~r I -C7~ i 't a.':pp.1 2 15l

T he vf ny Cic'q f the, (4c 'it 11 nie :cer i irii th, teu--ch, Iili ty of tht, c I nt 1-ep i c F 'teVI a' i.a3 know tht ' rC-I an ned on I' r( ol I (Ft it, one mn-nt, ) r i it t

I i ke ''nx,(r,j I ," 'humran condjuct '' "ap pna i ,d "nri c-htnr)-,,, "Vr r:i'' vi rtue, " " 0(-e,'' 'q oed n e ,s,'' anrd ''t- adJne'' cn h i) sutjb j o Ic a i *

p retati Ions 1h&vrt he ens mrn~ ph i i((p7 whethe(r 1 he n i- I C

si-, or it-ject iv inK., ha-. traditionall Iy 1- idl practicl Iu'' rknowlI dcc w is not conrce ived ar 5 imnp ly th c-ret irca I hut- ha,: I'I'i' I a-li cr, for w nr I ied Indeed !:ome( mnon~ I ph i I osophe rn-- I "WoU I 'f i n i i t i nc-once i vat 1 etIhat know Id~ o f ri qhl and tbt " i.'*not inA ta : th(-e p root ice of the (,ocd. Whatever thc men i 1' th, -I~ j i

;Iairr, nrxrrl phi los~ophers, reqardless- of ind!ivi da iw ,f 'nfrrld an i fyitno; nr-alI know I edqer, hi)ve Leon uian i meii in re inra

"oh( en_ hive p rant ical- know I edcre about how we-. 5hou I (i I i ye- cari I), I,-in-I i ndeed!I rs t he I eaIniec , i f rn-rk i d i ; In r pne- nvc; er ,t. -,r-r

We see. thr n that morn- I ph i I osop he rs have traol i t i ono I y [,r, Ipurpose. for mcrsr! I (-duc -t i on--1 ns-t ruc I i on i n knowI edge, o-f mc(- r-, I ric Ir in

th Ie c -e(Ilu en t a ;)pI ic I:- ion)r f t1hose norms . r prefer-c inr, I"cho W

Foint in cleairly inte tecd in both arpenKf, of the 1rin ei cr1 P-i

A rc homrt' -)i I I t r',r:if ride,- u, f thati f Arm i t I o "( 'm ip h, i, i .-(,c thc n-rpc r tarc c f ht i 'ia ti.t or r etjk' i ci rio r i liI i t '; n haIl the Willent ' w i I I wc r

to rb whalt hi-mi r -1 c t o I (' himr w, v, r i (jh t (. . 47() ; thur, the teelt nrI tc 1 1( 'Ahtrle, I- hink c -thin-,' heoir: Iij rl /r- ir: Otr c-vf l-y or( ji-it

r(nt . In rii iry i it( rI ii I rrif i (e!f ion ir '(1ior vnak i rn (:f)'' I I

n-uj' f hi' (.r-~ti *-f vi t.a I i rio thncu; ; -t hr. t. -hi r in a I t.r-, in a II

:i; il ine,. lest we tj,.i cln t I: L V t , I tI , 't ' I, I: .iu i , -[, I, .

.a'r .c.. rnyr in .r1 ,1rfi t ir. t

I."t rt "' , r V I cr it tan L .i it c- 4 -, ,-t-y . . r', r r

* i r ' r - , , r,,. -, .. ,,

r 'v c'" r , f v i: ' , -ir

"-,I r I' ..~t e ti' .' ! if.r ft

U'r~~m ''e ctrtenjir,{' :l ".i , if+. ctt:illi ( (;4 1 t\, + ,ill~eFO t. ,-

it fr tr fic', rhu.. :cbrel Cf lhit , ht Jft(r t' ft, icr fy V< !' "_ .'r *1 ',hi rr c ic i rrl-t ncn c. tn itIe & iu ,t ',' r,. iI C' tt L t uA-

turn,

, ye!lIFt can, o i n.' I fht

rf /Z c fc 'I cf T thi tc irfc. irt th? t,(-I.i , fi t,* C r f,

riffit-cit ci 'i--- r te al , '- ''er ± .ti-ciplin .Frcr( nr - 'de. .d t.''.'i .i'f r 't int ll ctual r an 'r i,. ! Iii(,f ie, l v ,V I ' rI, (I .

; i fcf Il wt''rre t h-re i t, f 1 it rtti tr t-in.-I pr I i n..

f It 1 toe i'-, tja ir - ' rti ' t(t-. in A i4

o'f, / c l'--- t

1 - +-

t i rves. Ther( rr ... P .q h o t i ca t: I f

ho uI Ft t t t -Vt I -t or" q, I' [. '

s tiv . n, e' iic-I y c Cr cr,,r-I in' -- ir +' rr, I'. r rr,

k-, t Ityr i i it n : i , i ,r' iF"- r : , fI .i C I .-, r-, un-, f ly r - . '(- r .' o , r- ' 'cr, ! r ,:f , f l, .' ."-,i

j--,.f ri ,crm ';is of a h. r r , . F ,t 1+ lr-I -h it,' Ii ' ' '

U-; , ri roach reflec fr t.-lec !'c , .- - * ' " . r,- ,'f r -,

In ,e-uvn - ' t re t f ' .

, ' 'yP fourth, c C'-.,l ill , ,1 'c raac', , ± .Il -oi- rr p-fij h i C, / ., f r r I i I # r - ' vi. -'

ir.r ,r , r, , 1 , , ' 1 1 n ! I ri I t i (n * ,i . . i r n it . .

7i I ft t'. ir ,it cl c, r 1% i ir nr ; ', ': t '. * t

- f' r. Iri'ii , i r , i , , - rr,- T i,.

ir , th, { c t t 1 ini t i i - r I ti ' '. -r r.r , - t

, V , ';-~ ' ' , .l . nt-f i:(zh Y!, v,, c C' P I ,, 1 - I. o' -.

r i r .,1. I t ' ,vt-. ( -r n , f ilr' ' i"

arid + r. tn i i I f''r i r f r ' It , , , r" I I C i I ' I .'

,I , I [ , , -

c ,r,f,.nrt I I Ii - re ' r 'r .' ' ,, "' I '' t ' ; I ' h r rI .:,- ir !,r ' c, i v ; , . l v i w'. - i . t ] . i 1 f , ' .

I. r , I / 7r r, ! l f, ro r I '1 1,' ' 1 ' . .", , . t 1' i , , '

P.I I ahtn -CJF kfl i 'h, whate-ver It. u4o2 I,, of eth ics inrstruct ion, one t h in(1 is'i rtprt vt "tnosa, win:'- te Iict cttirc -u t be fdir 1 clear- ahcuf just wthich*ijf t14 .~ y :rft ry it(: t i uC(

t f, I i I hrect thc resultu Ic r, oea s-rpeot in r) Urp-I~ con f's di p( (CI fMr- 1 c , i2 PC mud'tlorI1e r _ c(rtc lt a rc

:ruL I> rot -ortiirn wh 4 ht - Ft uV, n to hrl'briru'

Wh ich one of these capproaches ')as Jcsl I airt zadopted(J? The "Concept forf urther-ing Cadet Morul Dcveloprtritl" ref ecls -ynthesis of the L-est aspects

f thes.e separate approaches.

The uKr ted uta'c Iry enrust ed ' it i ti. I t la OF'

ire-inur(e, riust L ea L,' j offirorfa who ajre rrenal inmP vi duols .The tra t 1cirs~ traYci Purenj Fly i'osoci i led (I vtt rir,l

er on;inc- tb2 : traits 1 ha-ve ltrqisun Les T

r i I iI ir I' e, F;r ru le, u.-r';cs fc -urdtr r irt ion r; - prr i r rved whe-r thtai F r-i I i,i r y cif fi rs.livu lhm rr; I Ift e r c r(,i"Ct tP t w . '. r ,a left' to-I- v r ur s

o I r'f,' 41 r'r tI srr V-' * hi ",rura Ac e ic of i dc tO e

i tr f-(tr n t ,r f c; r t a B r- C I C I f K T-d

j er-n w I f (- t 'r/- ti f I IF c I + t 4r~

it ' i te u cr VII I( *-' ' rr I r r t-i r p r i F -

{'( t F i t I r I f - i- v 1 o; r'e r I -, ' ( r FfS r),

fo r- or' t i it c t r, h-I Ifw Arryv f f i r'- c- r

f-5 Iv r it r / rru 4 r r t I I I'' h, :t r- -os1'-.fr

Irmr her v( ' rcr 71 r li r t r ,n t r ic fr-r

t' Ann 9 r -,y f ficr-r'n i~5 n, i F FY r :t r u r r'C'To, rf-' ect t hc.'' i, inuI i ; r I v Iut' t r Fr i(, i

,' t' F- f i r-,t Itt c ' 1 ' t t t- 1 ' 1 f j t" cj

1t f c f r c r, j r -- I t tu :4 tFr' ti f fo

r(I ; t<- v, ir , Fr'- * I 'i - r t

pt,- t hait ill t , t w il I rI e I y' or It' 'v 1 i t

T'I -5 1, -i I ifr isV mu -;fln rr o -I Ic-. r

-T a' r # ci (-~ i rfi''r '4F fc rf A r :

I t i IU I il e I -. r'> ' t I '

\I -r, r t f r ri ri r tn-I ,I I i r i. I -; I

Fr 'i r I''I ' '* - r -r'I

'if t'i-' t 'p' 'j, r-:fr'rr

p001,

FA14ccci4 fl

i nformt_.d understanid in- e of -the moral i mp Ii ical ions., of L4a particular kind cf human tcinr--a profcssional uffi 4er f-of thu~t§ Army.

LA A2V

Anyono desiring a copy of the last edition of Ethics ansd th' aA zra I,'FrojessiLor, dedicated to the topic of "A Professional Ethic," ma a Ir!cre by contactingq the Editor, CF'I Bill Je-_ff ries (43517). A f frft eof copics of edition I, "W~ar and Moral ity" are also still avai la I Iiannouncement, hcwever, marks 'he lastI timec we can make it avai la e k e ann-fling Janu-ary, [919, inquiries concerning tic n7the 1'2'0 aru 1C 10 Yr

should be addressed to ei ther CFT Ted Higgs or CP! J im tarel , in In(.- Pfc-irt-mert of Lnqlisti (4337).

The follcowinc Li Li iqraph ic i nformati on is provi ded for *has of youdesir-irci to- mnaintAn up-to-date bibl iocr-aphios on the Sutjecots disc,,'sedin pr-evious_ edtos7he entnios p~rovided -ire for works publishe ' ircc.Ihe corre-spondi no- cilir i -, ~f iikc; c~c ?: 1- [Wo r e c r-sued ire roe.- (:r~ rr t r:am I i or n i sled pre vious!y . We eroco :aaon

youL fto aunt-, Ict -the ecdi ar- for s [ri 1,r sons syou- may h~ave; hit l ie-qarph [0 crcnta4 ion~s are alIwa .s app nec iolted

APcrtontial ly inrjirit wor!. in inf (re f a-r -n 'K< 'ac<+r o -tly bc-n wri t ter, p i-un'- sr t c)nlh r-cp I, r~r .rnv 1r P r

dbO 'j/~o'~ ~rIa oYo rk knrm li r, I 7r mi jr q i rv(7' I- A~cPr'!reyari e-. ci r a.rsvr

~- w r ijr j~ u- rc s Me,, yn (:'J V 0- cl ( o5e , w,,r c t hnr I r rt-,~ i i n -In, 4 Ilor(; w! P fo , m I rc n i cidi- It -fr k: t n, ',o or lrevrt i ri i I(c~r iq -(Iof 7 t aria rus lo K~r ;ub 'V i tcnoc

Vt v,( r- tw th(r won-, cu n-r-n-no- w it h Ch ri s4 ar consc i enc . ru w- ]r ha vo-K'r'-cctv crcto -~ ttetin,.Arthur I . lolncos has tcd ia 1

I'r ir-- Ar f~ I 'ru vr c rs: Iiak ry [cook tose i i-).Thi5wrk

tc(_,th-r hr i - cerp t, f rom; Loth CPins [-o' Ar a- r d nr-r ni -1 r I hi nk er- r r,,Pla~ se inihl'! ictcuhr. Comentary is P~c-H to mirnimur,, in( r thu crr-

jr r~ rc a! owevcd to s-p(ook for thenme.lves_. '>*( led irnn, c .foc r h(pin [r, r-, H'> p rspect iv(e (if pcI11 iica l and( e t h ioa1 Io Ery . rt nIhr work

;r I., ,c;lair v(2n i- Jean Lajserre'-. War (-,m t ir io 1 ' h( hi-J, ry

i i f i ,rm ha-, a uc een updaterd y Vi ohae I Iowarrd's War, Cn~ >ic(!Incc . 1h i. s i cri i ficant cont ri but Ion to scho tar.hnip7, -rveyc itiI udc-Stowa)rd, vi r f romr E rasmus to oL i c-otojrs to the Vi e-tror w-,r . 5~)( A Irijl,'J r -,,

hoa h' orJ' bc-forf jr('r pcrnii-t;c.Iy urIsrtwork or, tif( ic t erl

V thr (',fano-v forvt. cit io or cf I'9/ol i f y - -n - f thr ovu I )Iti.r n ry Ia-

which Le ros r'rpl. t y ti,(.c c,[orcrocw cf ths Is), t hir cc i- !!r rcent f-musI 17 Hiy-. V'.. ark-- Vhf I l 1r'- taco!-;I Ic fL f 1 C n, U vir-t i of 14I ' Noc' 1 Wa z Pf a C(w I 21(a

rv w- '.r i r-ricrt o of t ifw'c in 'r t hey -iflf- ''in a cc~~~~~~~~~f~~: r-ra r ' it f vf-[' , -c .u . Ii

inte--rnal warfare." A final additicrn to "War and Ferl i 'ia norc ro-;,.-F Ic translat ion of Cloa isew i tz s C, It UP, t)y Ni Chl- I -w aI r d l'Fr- r C cr,Princ(.ton University F~ess, 1976').

I I. The E'oeae~lLthic.

Since the publication of this pariphlet, a new book, G i~j Ei(eirm.lb' Richard A. Gabriel and Paul L. Sav--ge MNew York. 1il and h~rar,- c79,),has appeared. It is a provocative and tin-ely study of Ar ica-r; millareth icalI d i Ileniras. The authors argue that much of the- dcs.-,-tor Df V ican bc explained not by pol iticalI ideolo3y but by a ccl lap'c in mas crperformance of the Of f icer Corps of the (Initfed S ltes Army. Thi -. (cal IlIap[iccord ing to, th~e authors, was F ror pted by an, e,3vphic G-"atar rr ii'ieu of "leadership." A not unrelated book is a wicely dcl Hrc; wc rp

J) fril& iL'ullcziccno{t. itz 1rcnT'&tcnec by t berman F. >caor ( Law frcrfF£bsic Bocks, 197H. Cixor otfers a ps-ycho luciical and hi-s+caricil our ve,, 1,example-, of nilIitar incomrpetence. If you oran'- him: his lir-(-uf-,ao),-Ji>-,a[ixon's reduictiVistic approach fol lows. To this reader, I-,was-t-,r, hli.is flawed and unremarkable.

F IUIT L RE. EV1 -J

The Depa rtmenl of EnglIi sh vvill cont inue its v1i tin r)(.I r r (:r tthis spri rq. Pr'D)mi nent phi losophe-rs aind rera rilrl a rs , L;'L Ai n vited to, add ress ph 1l1osoph ical and ax ica I cv 1 a , - ira3re open to L'NIA Staff and Faculty ciric wil t.- ;, -. - Ia[7ul Iciin. The next scheduled lecture w; I I irt !r t, r i'The speake-r vwi I hte Err fessor lhomas NinclI 1'r itt, c r.a r 7Ilec-1Lire w i I tE. presented on 2 1 1 eceriher it t !n fether Ilect ures currentlIy s~chedulJIed ty the I ri rI t i i t( r,.!ticral Scieice and Leadership include:

Pr. Hlarnon S mith, PhilOSOpher aina Froec,,(r I li, ( ?A-Iia ,l il t i[Luke Un i vc- i ty MecdicalI Center, wi I I spec-k o-n '"el ira-i I t1- , Ii Ir 'e mI. f11)7 H, i n Roomrr 102 , T ha yecr H al. T r ( v., viI a'i1id ir- ijn (,ci lx1:ul letin.

Pro fes sor Frarton aIotutr~cc , rr i nc r 1 ays p I ru a y f ~a 1i 4 t

w ill spea.k 'an ''Equity Theory,'' I (I '.ha ur, , rrar~ i

Ra rtlIett HaIi .

Professor Norman Ci hho Vicit inn rrofes'c( r a .f iVrwll'''a

"War and Moral ity," 1915 hnL-r, , 10 Ja)nuary I ,in i acor 1'. ,! Lv r .

Flease,( hrini irnfrrniiar conicarrairal tav(n1lt it ' a,

an f t 1 4 ,~ - h F d i t ()r (4 f a') f r i i'-''' i t), I I i r I ha , '

n it y. I f yaa~u hove'sareIa for i l ' r,, r a' '

in futur- Cai t iris; o f A. ( ir, ti. I O '. 1 1 ' ; ' I r i r

than 11. hia , i i tar i'i.'c 'yvo.: )l-t'

Fno: I mh -r fa anart.'r of h 1 1 a r a' r ir ai

I P L I OCF API.Y

I . §houZd ethi cs be taucht'

2. Cm ethics be taught?

i.What shoulId be the proper (cIls of eth ice i nquiry-,

4. Who0 sh5 1 teach I- efh i c,;'I

5. Can you Test moral behavior?

6. Can you measure the competence of ethics instructors?

7. Is moral knolsledc a cognitive skii 117

These questions and others are the s ub LOcI o f a fIe dcgjIirnc Lu t cro w irliterature on the teaching of ethics. A I larnce percentage of th i , I iterature!shows the influence of Lawrence Kohlbergq and Jean Piaget. The selclcbiblIiography that follows attemipts to give abalanced Icc-k 4-- th ryr,irponltant wnitinqs,. Not included is the extensivye tremr .t of the do ve ic-),

ment of cognitive ski I Is and ncril kncwledc;o-. in chi W(ren anmi I ilerr urepcrtairin: Ic tho -teaching of ethics in specific rre-proft-sicn ,I prcrrc,Ce.C. l aw, mekci ret-, poIi t ic s.

APt-ekjr, P. "Ed'ucation for Social Posponsihi [1iy." 7C ,,7Z 0,- '4

P rcharnbau I, P.. K 'Cri tori a for Success in Nlcra I lri metior." harvarci~atora he'i~m, 3 (-a 1 1 I9),42-483. 12y applyI rs -thc I an niace and

rethodoco-y of' Is ra eI Sch-ef f Ior's The Lanmczroe Fczi-,-o c. to rc ra IedUCait ion, Archambault explores "the schcol 1 c rol- DndI F ~pon liti I lilywith rena jrd to mrorc I in struc- ion, and, nier hasi c I I ly -in a d( ga ttdef init enr of 'mora-l i ns;lruct ion' and' a deseri pt ion cf whal thil .; vol

Eel telhroirr, [B. '"On tVoral Education." In *'-o2ro7 Fi0 :,E. T. Sier.iambni die: Hajr yard Pr i vers i "ty Fr( ss, 19 70C.

i 1-tt, 1. -)rd L . KohlI Long. "Ef fectal of CIli aesIrecri FSi s;cussl on Chr 1r 1 d'r r,LevelI of SIore-) Jtuderment '' I n i7cer t 1Ici,((*c'!~ i~ Moral 11 c,-c F(!.nL. Koh It orc and F. Tur iol . Ncw York: HelIl, Pi nf-harl, f. Win, ton, I 97.

k F, 1)(rek 1, C. '' n [-t h ic r ,fc 'T au (:h f? (ECi,0 ( t,(r-F I r ., 'r k5k, [ ro d ()r;t cf [ air va rd (I1r-i ve rIi t, ad(Id rese theo role u ri v r, i ice i. dcI lIe k - cat-- n p layi in. ovcreeminor~ the appar-ent dsI in. in a l(-r nc I.thi a r, nr s Arguiiro an intcr( i'c:i 1 I mary t(rec -f-,- I

'h c ( (-,i r 'ho ~ (: i I !i Icrr: Mv) i 11 ;l i 1 1 t, ] ( ..or t, i cain [h..rr' rr I li' H t i t i 1 ( v i iIir: t, i '

-t4!, f- i r c r rir' i fia l I r r ~ 5 r .

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;ri V t r' r ;ii,:

Ca I I aha n , Danri elI . "Fth c-1 -and I a i- Educatl ic ("n ± i' I-,Y~ I I-,(Mlay 1)18 ), 134-143. Cajl laKon confro~nt s, Tle quettic-r + w'1 ra' i-is po Ssible to cc racceptabix ,, ind Icc!i Ii iratelIy frr' t fi t11sstudent, isr a ser i CILIS way to ethi1cal Iand va Ilue )jua.It (-fnS I P I '2.

re Ftar ppe-r s u ndI i n Na tiorniY 7- ie aro iQ Ti i, F e r r

rio ~ ~ "1- I (-~s ~ li. > -hi rth- of Fttrrcs." r' Jto 7 '' Ii' I K

I C l i a~ n, Fri rectfor f Iitrifi5 O 'r i l i ta f

EILh c,, and trio Li Ie SciJences, aissess es the nnl K cwlv c -

v.a I u -e- cn ethics thrisuphoarj the co..untry. He. rtvi rwrrfin ing to, hE answered a: the tea;ch i n( C - c t hi cs Lu rc, , r

r i cr E d ucat1,i on: ( I) Wha-t ore tre p LssFle ';al 0 tre 1c.K(7h I') ow car, or**LtI ethics, Le macqt? (,

urtan~i i rry, arc J onas '01 ' 5,c I~ s toe Kte su. '.wbnz

Co I e,; F re' 9, 7I

C Irk, anC ''Trach i no- Profoc icr I Fti 11 '' :'ar ar a:*- ,r

s. Ir I i crK . f, i a I ,~i 'rc- 7 ~ i rvI5 inuvfri I- 1fcI yri A mjnil I ols k.,jt Ie [ r'p( r- .o, if .rluc ti c (,ir .k ( ) t i r n; i, O I.: -i:tO in 1, a [)hin ' ~ c i ,- tI 0

o'' t rd- Pt h r 1 I in ur i ritr I I r nh s t i n ni t t' - ' 4

I ( fC' tan t fo I , ' - I , I A .u I i t 1 is t r t h 'Orl I i ri

tha;r~ t i\ (,, VUe I r h t i i " ph I I ri ,)' o;' F i - ' i c ' ( S, j

t- I t ,o hY/ c r f V "- ' i i r It t -nci t i) r' i \c !t-'

clotI c f is tc i i t( r c r 1u ft, r c i i f 'r I

. vo th(-rt , 1 , tc( F I i Ii 1 i Iif c r" I cit c I I tf l! ', ii ( j

Lure t~ ? It "; ( n ', I r / ) r Irf )

rem, i r' ''o I i I I c n r t h( I i i n -' i

ft it r Fir' )- rii r,, i fr, ri trii ' r. ,tAi

- ' i f r i ro~jt ic r A I I h( f f ft :,It c r ) r ~ I ir r

'icr , , .i if. cr-rI ii 'r t t "-,

Greene, Ma runc 'Mc ra- I ["evt, I cpnenl I ar J h( ,~ec'i in ra f . '' F

papr p r ente(_d at the -t i ncs Let -r er (c-F fur-nrce (-r; tho 1 r, t

e.toh 19 l-z 0, 1 '7$. ( avza I ot Ite ir, f JKpiF'1

'C I t i'C~ 1 ' I a r ) .A f ter nc vowev rq sevensc, I ,r'c'rn'r t t' f'cjr:(4 t

't't'O £J~FC§ts her (,WIF ic_(J~n i S .30

U nut' w n I o)uts I:e Wha)t she rt- r '' I i 'it t 1t. -r I

I v fayon of 4octuni r q i n. I 's,,ic f ncr 'I '-i I _7 T!

t' t t) i pnrcca i c, ct 'rtl r'qc nary pJiA I rh t

ru v 4u 'FF e ~ itr LFtr~s oi ' Vr i' 1 te Fy'

Jec i i on t fhey nmkk

F il [ .\ ' Tcujco ior, far [Ratinnil-. I Ncra I i I F y , r i,.-r

Fo FO(C_5S L ou i s vi e ap C F t h I Cs n2 V nc-Crcs i kn r I .t '

paper p ret ented : l the Ha-s4 Ii Fj(iS Center Cuci enen,(c anor~ T~ ,' n'' ri

Ethics, Olther I -3D 0, Ic' (voiaL hI e irt t: ep t FF7 n nFi t rary ). 31I tt'nu ch c . re" ~ftF i ccane r,; r~ tr- r ~

~th CS to r, c i i i I -, t F t ' r) v,,~t n ' F in a F .

oiL C are ap+ fcr F t rnf~ r r. v Lu t4 r rtVI

f r cthics insit ructCin, HitC 'I ie F t r' f F' r ' r

t vm nurrmIi lv r m ic whe C CIWhIreq~3 i k n.~ c hr L e t !-r!t I r V i I (I f '( F

tet i re r1 tF 'c I It I i I i

fir'Ct~~ (slnot t

i Fi, TIP~p I I? '

t-,s -ci jto C, r the F Fira i Ft C P" (l I j ' Ct n* F, c- F F >

tuKl ' ' p noc,eN'' a art (Ic-h i ev '''' vo .F I f"r

Ftr n, F)n, I'' C -f -the toac i in: f I 4(11 Cvt (y ~ fI fj I t atF Cc IF : t-ntriil rc I e i r 1 t1c rn( cul IF' F I tI~

I I Ai (4) 1 I s 0 hmnr + i C v kI tnirnul it ti r It>) n

I ' If I t a- o o t f xc F h Ci ' F > F I I F F i ' ' n

1iF4 CCFC iFrr If FlS-V: t t' 1 t In' t I C vilt' I C 'CP .rteri i mC Llt' ''k C i C,('I' ,\ Ifl C C '' f

'Ctit K PoF I ~ S i3 hi i tt ' v iI r CL'F

i F I F) IF; - x L h ntI I I i Cft v W I I I F >

oF' r 44 (I rjv '> L r r' y rl' wi( "l ti CI t Iv C, r f

'iII'r wst' '(IF In I ' r\ I F ''IVF''F '

relIated wrk-, t'i'' F. r

K I b trn, L., iv rc- r>c Pe ''cvolI c)p rion4 r 'rt C hrc cter rc, -c .1 1 c Irv, cL, -vempect.e'eee.E. 1'. L .Hof fman and L. iiefr'r. v<r: F eso I Iae Fururia + ;Or ',64' e "'c IJ o dems -ct s ar v

a h-a- i ve-deve I ctr ner'to I a-ip r ruled. t, rur[mr I f: ~c L, iacer..

I-,;, I' inJw rtir L u I i c u tr t Cc v. 'ri t.'cer I i -1 II -M' a ("el A V 'y 3 e f I r i n I I, y f r; r I

ca r i c Pr'-, , I Il71 " I iI b e r 'of ir. (c rl r , s t f. ce ", fi 1 c-3i f recs pacn sue0 tec 1 'y't C. I c r c I e riT -*-

F-. ek' c r Lry I en c 1 twlcs of ''crb L'et tI cp rt'I- crI

c r- ( t'f P Nc-t 'orl. C. E'-c& rcl F uIi var; T r r- cn o rc, i ,cf Tcyr, nic P re,-s0 I 97CQ hhIhber (,' s v iew'_ jre- cV ri "kr y' 'r

c,e r 5%, eiIt cf j' E,~ 2t G y :it revsr_ I nd jcat i art ro-c ro c- r c"I cr7ra fl u j;:j p sy c holI(IQ strnd p c p eaIh-rs.'

(ir e, or, La wr e nce arc nF E. T ur i1 I +icerY, t ocezck y c'a7 'LC ira

Hte~ Yrk: kHe I t, P;ineha rt, V4 Winsr-9. A Iir'c stautc o f taEp hie c.,' hcdc, ccrter'i ion" cK-' ia 1 11or 1c r i I c iirae

aziru0 , France . Lea de rsh ipF r, I vr- I cr4 "I""I >L: A , Ii?7; Tihc' uthr'r O'xp lore', Ce I' ifc - I a 17

r; ht- cf cf eivE i n b L i I'' va r, e-, I c/ c r 'h uidy f i 1 Ic,7qY e ic d ~i FI( Ic ie f- n rr I r

ct s'Ftcy o f i-h o f C)cpfhy/ 1h ic c. r fr J ' , I f - <l:Jie ci

F I f -- cntre! yI w i h ris i tuLt j 't I , ren(-t f , .rac oric_ r ':I [I<-e i fr: r ;ir I n r r v y

e'I ebcrr(- ' . ''on-cl (u( at c or rn "hc' L itI--.rci IAnr L', dCA' '7

pCOh d Ir e t)/f c-6-, r cc , ,~n irc-uos ' hat rtt'ccII le c0

Ir Lir i ivra i- t ia tlive ' jo[Jo i PC--I icy of 'vsIc w i' cC('tec -a-de u: ert car ee f cvi ye' The on vo ir i re

the te Ui rcc~c a Ic -aa~ i CCe Theorac r, c I whci ecich '.r

arccaI its alt he hw ant Cf educat ionalI prc~r-e- sa- tnes f ncr; thr I r15ssan i rq t"i- "''v ri dorren'i yre ice in-ited, amber ,ic c, rnd $

tc' u, - h'c''t.

a r Ater. ''r; I [FCV- Pt r theJac 1'ti leer cf Incvl'il Z ILdic7CU'Cc, LCtC , (HF)I I I''K) 4 )1-449 . 1nh utcr r'ros~oneb liiinc c1 he r r I-ilIa eiher, wi-cc lreV t iocil I y

,s I siri 'yen tIhe- is';j- Of I mo n, I irC'ccrrn t rai I her tha n t -I ki r,prirticife 1-o witlh edeec eter, in ferneejlotlec courses- cOf rice el ir Icr (

-cIurchke ! I f -oerrard. 'Ethicz nil lien Uer rrmduoI' ('err'ic'Il r- '' it'~ I epa-per pr''nc t the I wtie q- U n for Car ferce'ct or fh h ~ cE fleet,, Octeeber 9tI" 7); (oiv i ie lot I c in Ir e t 'pttr f , I ii

b -ra r'r' . lic jetho r -,iir o, fC'. I- -- n (,r r-,n n' i Vi: IF ;C r e r- r C r~ fr

van rv i cw cf jn nc' d tic'i irelvi r' 'fy. h-n eIre i, i v i r f r( Ui,' t I -- a- c iI I ;,', i . . . H- i t wee, I I '' iv f t , I '

P'arr, Susanm Fa-ne-ci. VrI tj j ta Iit '--u racr-Centrc C( riot ce or the -Ie i hi nU B ;-ccf-r

a Ic i the ia Fr r ' I r a orIrfi I v r q'' rn r

ectIe e c t i , su r-ve c f ri r'oL r Irv ' nunr not t o in Ii ud vrhroa- i n 't e rns c-Ir

enny, r.n I.- C un oo c, 4' 1

C. ' I? C!!>~ I ' -

F, t r js O r F I'' L' I I '

P, 10C& - Z ' I DevC ''t Q l'' t: I'

P s 11171

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cth L F V uriac i '>U ~ rKi c , r i- iI I C(

50: 1 ei f ort Li ceI 'fc, - I Ei on r n Ir~ (c t (,,r10~ 7 rI) I ',I -t , The ''iut on of K'ncs or I fi rh <

oqn i i '.' dev VI Iccnn t,- I CJ nCir h t" ru-1i ror

k' F /r

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nr r, '': r v- u, v-y L i r- r '1 ' ' t r :, c Cf 'o in r,-

r rr L, nr I 1' I r - I Ct u t , Iir r (

ot, I ir ft h in rr-f f (C F I i ',h i t - Ca r .~ C Vi

f' v c~ r,,- I r~ I T-. ca 'u i ' h < i f ,r h rI I I c '

ri r ' in , n roI I,1 tv h/ r' t !t Kr-,' '-a

ph' 'i tv c.,-! r ns i r' rv - ' r f i 'F n ,:-i

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