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ACTIVITY #6: ORGANIC MOLECULES
Study of compounds that contain bonds between carbon atoms
Inorganic chemistry: study of all other compounds
ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
Has 4 valence electrons Allowing it to form up to
four bondsOne carbon atom can
bond to another, giving it the ability to form chains that are almost unlimited in length Carbon-carbon bonds
can be single, double or even triple covalent bonds
Chains of carbon atoms can close up on themselves to form rings
WHY IS CARBON SO SPECIAL?
HONC 1234
OrganicUsually defined as
compounds which contain carbon with hydrogen May contain additional
elements as wellProduced only by living
things Biotic
Range from simple to very complex
Contain strong, covalent bonds
Examples: CH4, C6H12O6, SUGARS, PROTEINS, FATS, OILS, DNA
InorganicUsually defined as
compounds that do not contain carbon with hydrogen May contain just carbon
Often can be formed in the non-living environment Abiotic
Can also be made by/found in living things
Examples: H2O, NaCl, O2, NH3, CaCO3, CO2
ORGANIC COMPOUNDS VS. INORGANIC COMPOUNDS
PRACTICE
tableSubstance Organic? Inorganic
?
1. sodium chloride (table salt): NaCl
2. glucose: C6H12O6
3. water: H2O
4. heating oil: C14H30
5. chitin (a protein): C8H12NO5
6. thymine (a nitrogenous base): C5H5N2O2
7. sulfuric acid: H2SO4
8. oxygen gas: O2
9. ethanol: C2H5OH
10. adenosine triphosphate (ATP): C10H16N5O13P3
11. carbon dioxide: CO2
Main organic molecules of living things
Polymers made from monomers Monomers: small
repeating units Polymers: larger
molecules made from putting the monomers together
4 major group: Carbohydrates Lipids Nucleic Acids Protein
MACROMOLECULES
MACROMOLECULES: CARBS.
GROUPBasic Building
Blocks (Monomers)
Macromolecule (Polymer)
Carbohydrates
Lipids
Nucleic Acids
Proteins
Monosaccharides
Polysaccharide
CARBOHYDRATES
Monomer
Polymer
MACROMOLECULES: LIPIDS
GROUPBasic Building
Blocks (Monomers)
Macromolecule (Polymer)
Carbohydrates
Lipids
Nucleic Acids
Proteins
TriglycerideGlycerol3 fatty acids
Monosaccharides
Polysaccharide
The exception: Lipids are not composed of monomers and polymers. Instead, they take different forms.
LIPIDS
MACROMOLECULES: NUCLEIC ACIDS
GROUPBasic Building
Blocks (Monomers)
Macromolecule (Polymer)
Carbohydrates
Lipids
Nucleic Acids
Proteins
Monosaccharides
Polysaccharide
TriglycerideGlycerol3 fatty acids
Nucleic Acid(DNA or RNA)
Nucleotides
NUCLEIC ACIDS
Monomer
Polymer
MACROMOLECULES: PROTEINS
GROUPBasic Building
Blocks (Monomers)
Macromolecule (Polymer)
Carbohydrates
Lipids
Nucleic Acids
Proteins
Monosaccharides
Polysaccharide
TriglycerideGlycerol3 fatty acids
Nucleic Acid(DNA or RNA)
Nucleotides
Amino acids Polypeptide/protein
PROTEINS
Monomer
Polymer
MACROMOLECULES AND FOOD
Carbohydrates
Lipids Nucleic Acids
Proteins
Foods in
which they are
found
Breads, fruit, sweets, vegetables
Fats (butter), oils (olive, etc.)
All foods that came from living things
Meat, fish, beans, soy
2 major chemical processes (metabolic reactions) occur to build up or break down organic molecules into larger or smaller units
These reactions occur to build and break all four types of macromolecule (carb, lipid, nucleic acid, and protein) Dehydration synthesis Hydrolysis
BUILDING AND BREAKING DOWN MACROMOLECULES
Chemical reaction where a large molecule is formed/synthesized from smaller molecules by taking away a water molecule
DEHYDRATION SYNTHESIS
Chemical reaction where a large molecule is broken down/hydrolized into smaller molecules by adding a water molecule
HYDROLYSIS
disaccharide + water → yields monosaccharide + monosaccharide
