TEST INFORMATION DESCRIBING THE POLITICAL SYSTEM OF GOVERNMENT AND EDUCATIONAL

UNITED KINGDOM

ECONOMIC SYSTEM

  The agricultural sector accounts for less than 1% of GDP, but very productive. The country mainly produces potatoes, beets, wheat and barley. Raising livestock (especially sheep and cattle) remains a very important activity. The fishing sector is also well developed but is currently suffering a decrease in the volume of fish in traditional fishing spots. The United Kingdom has considerable mineral resources. Although in the past it was the tenth largest oil producer, with large reserves of natural gas, its production is now declining rapidly. Nevertheless, groups like BP and Shell are still among the world leaders in the oil industry. The secondary sector is not very competitive. The main activities are tool machinery, transport equipment and chemicals. The sectors with great potential are the information and communications technology, biotechnology, aerospace, defense and renewable energy. The service sector, which employs about 80% of the workforce and accounts for three quarters of GDP, is the driving force of the economy. London remains the largest financial market in Europe, the same level as New York.

POLITIC SYSTEM

  The UK is a democratic monarchy, unlike other regimes no written constitution, that is, of a single political code and require special design and reform process to determine the basic institutions of the state, its territorial regime and rights and civil liberties.

    Its constitutional model is based, first, on the so-called "statutory law" (Statute Law), whose preparation is identical to ordinary and differ only laws, and reach the character of constitutional, because of the material treated.

The monarch is the head of state, currently Queen Elizabeth II. Its functions are merely representative, although different rules granted nominal powers such as to declare war and make peace, international politics and be guardian of constitutional norms and unity of the Kingdom. The Government or Cabinet of His Majesty exercises executive power. Maintains originally provided Privy Council advisory in practice complies with executive and administrative leadership. It is headed by the prime minister. The British Parliament has legislative power. It is based on a bicameral system, consisting of the House of Commons and House of Lords

EDUCATION SYSTEM

PRIMARY EDUCATION (ages 5-11): Compulsory education begins at age five and students move from grade 1 to grade 6, studying subjects like English, Mathematics and Science.

SECONDARY EDUCATION (AGES 11-16): From the age of 11, students attend high school. In grades 10 and 11, they are prepared for General Certificate of Secondary Education (GCSE).

A-LEVELS IN A SCHOOL HIGH SCHOOL (AGES 16-18): After getting the GCSE, students may choose to continue their training in a vocational school or continue with their academic studies with an additional two years to prepare for tests called "A-levels". Students study three or four subjects, which are normally associated with the first degree who wish to study in Unviersidad. The results of these A-levels are crucial to college admission.

DEGREE (ages 18-21): College students in the UK are usually prepared to complete a graduate degree in a unique specialization for 3 years. Entry requirements for international students include English proficiency (minimum IELTS 6.0 level) and an additional year of secondary education, known as pre-university year, which is equivalent to grade 13

Masters, MBA or PhD (Age 21 +): A Master's or MBA usually lasts one year and required exams and a thesis to graduate. Some specialized careers require the completion of a doctoral or PhD program, which includes four or five years of study and advanced research. For most of these programs, it requires that international students have a university degree and English proficiency of at least a level of 6.5 IELTS. In addition, MBA programs usually require a minimum of two years of work experience.

UNITED STATES OF AMERICA

ECONOMIC SYSTEM

United States has the world's largest economy. However, the country experienced its worst recession since the 1930s, as a result of the financial crisis of 2009. Thanks to a budget plan and long-range monetary stimulus, the economy has recovered. In 2014, economic growth reached 2.2%.

The American economy is mainly based on services. The tertiary sector accounts for more than three quarters of GDP and employs 81% of the workforce.

The American agricultural sector is without doubt the most important in the world. It is characterized by high productivity and by using modern technology. The US is one of the leading producers of corn, soybeans, beef and cotton. California generates more than 12% of the total agricultural production of the country. However, agriculture represents only 1.3% of US GDP and employs 1.6% of the workforce.

USA is a highly industrialized country. The industrial sector represents 21% of GDP and includes a variety of activities. The most important are the

manufacture of electrical and electronic machinery, chemical products and industrial machinery, as well as the food industry and automotive. It is also a world leader in aerospace and pharmaceutical industry.

POLITIC SYSTEM

The executive branch is headed by the President who, along with Vice President is elected in national elections every four years (in years divisible by four). The process of electing a president of the United States is unique. The president proposes bills to Congress, enforces federal laws, is commander in chief of the armed forces, and with the approval of the Senate, treaties made and appoints federal judges, ambassadors and other members of the secretariats of the executive (ministries of State, Defense, Commerce, Justice, etc.). Each holder of a secretariat called the secretary and they all form a council called cabinet.

The legislature consists of two chambers: the Senate and House of Representatives. All 435 seats in the House of Representatives are distributed based on population, although all states have at least one representative. Each state elects two members of the 100 that make up the Senate: the term of office of a senator is six years.

Both cameras must pass a bill for it to become law, but the president can veto or refuse to sign it. In that case, Congress reconsiders the bill. If two thirds of the members of both houses approve the bill becomes law, even without the president's signature. The judiciary is composed of the federal district court (at least one in each state), 11 federal courts of appeal and the Supreme Court. Federal judges are appointed by the president with Senate approval; to minimize political influence, appointments are for life.

EDUCATION SYSTEM

States and local school districts have retained control of the content of curricula and teaching methods; in fact, the law

Federal prohibits the US government to interfere in these areas.

Broadly speaking, we can say that the US education system comprises 12 or "degrees" from 1 to 12, previous education admission to higher education. Grade 1 to 6, students attend primary; Grade 7 to 9, in secondary (equivalent to "basic cycle"); from 10th to 12th, they enrolled the equivalent of high school.

From the student completes the K-12 or primary and secondary education, you can continue to tertiary education: vocational and/or technical (2 years), professional and college (4 years).  In turn, complete these (except technical) allows you to enter graduate studies: Master (1 or 2 years) and PhD (3 years minimum). At the end of the full cycle of professional studies and / or doctorate, you can follow a program of postdoctoral (no time limit). After high school (twelfth grade) American students can attend the "College" or the University. College or "College" leading to obtain a Bachelor "Bachelor's

Degree". The bachelor's degree is known as undergraduate education ("Undergraduate"). Subsequent studies that title are known as postgraduate or graduate education ("Postgraduate").

CANADA

ECONOMIC SYSTEM

 After contracting as a result of the global recession, Canada's GDP growth reached 1.6% in 2013 and 2.3% in 2014. The economy is benefiting from a resilient banking system and the public debt is in the process of being absorbed. Finally, inflation was higher than expected in 2014. Canada is a rich country with a good quality of life. The unemployment rate, which increased with the recession, has stabilized since 2013 (around 7%). However, the country faces increasing wage inequality, and increasing labor disputes.

The services sector dominates the Canadian economy, accounting for two thirds of GDP and employs over 75% of the workforce. The most dynamic sectors are telecommunications, tourism, Internet (in most households used the Internet regularly) and aeronautics.

The agricultural sector accounts for 1.5% of Canada's GDP and employs 2.4% of the population. But the agriculture and agri-food system employs about two million people and contributes to 8% of the national wealth. Canada is a major exporter of agricultural products in the world, particularly wheat. It produces 10% of GM crops worldwide. Fishing is an important sector. Canada is a major producer of minerals, particularly nickel, zinc and uranium. The country also has large reserves of oil (third world reserves) and natural gas.

POLITIC SYSTEM

The British North Act (BNA Act) America, stated that Canada is a constitutional monarchy whose sovereign monarch UK that currently is Queen Elizabeth II. Canada is a federation, meaning that the powers are divided between a central government (called the federal government) and 10 provincial governments: British Columbia, Alberta, Saskatchewan, Manitoba, Ontario, Quebec, New Brunswick, Nova Scotia, Prince Edward Island and Newfoundland and Labrador.

Canada is a constitutional monarchy and a Commonwealth status with a federal parliamentary system and a strong democratic tradition. Many of the country's legislative practices derive from the unwritten practices and precedents established by the parliament of Westminster in the UK.

The Canadian government system is inspired by British parliamentary system and depends above all on the tradition. The federal Parliament consists of two chambers:

The House of Commons (lower house), which brings together 308 deputies elected.

The Senate (upper house) having 105 members, appointed by the prime minister, who represent all regions of the country.

EDUCATION SYSTEM

Canada spends about 7% of its GDP on education. Canada's education system places greater emphasis on learning and success in areas of need more basic as language arts, mathematics and science, while subjects such as music, visual arts and physical education minor charge, no them aside in the school curriculum in any case. Most schools (67%) are mixed. Students in the Canadian school system receive a variety of different kinds of materials. The system is configured to meet the diverse needs of each student. Most Canadian education systems continue through grade twelve (seventeen to eighteen years of age).

Primary and secondary education combined are sometimes referred to as K-12 (kindergarten through grade 12). It notes that this structure may vary from school to school and from province to province.

Education is compulsory up to 16 years in all Canadian provinces, except Ontario and New Brunswick (where the compulsory age is 18)

University education in Canada is characterized by the rigorous method that produces innovative thinkers, able to solve problems creatively.

In universities, particularly a valuable learning environment in quantity, quality and professional skills for students is created. Within this framework of learning, students receive techniques, tools and intellectual stimulation needed to discover and develop their own professional identity.